850:(WCSC): to become a GM, a solver must score at least 90 percent of the winner's points and on each occasion finish in at least tenth place three times within ten successive WCSCs. For the IM title they must score at least 80 percent of the winner's points and each time finish in at least fifteenth place twice within five successive WCSCs; alternatively, winning a single WCSC or scoring as many points as the winner in a single WCSC will earn the IM title. For the FM title, the solver must score at least 75 percent of the winner's points and each time finish within the top 40 percent of participants in any two PCCC-approved solving competitions.
837:. These albums are collections of the best problems and studies composed in a particular three-year period, as selected by FIDE-appointed judges. Each problem published in an album is worth 1 point; each study is worth 1â…”; joint compositions are worth the same divided by the number of composers. For the FIDE Master title, a composer must accumulate 12 points; for the International Master title, 25 points are needed; and for the Grandmaster title, a composer must have 70 points.
42:
3138:
292:), achieving the required number of tournament performances ("norms") at a certain level, or featuring prominently in the country's national championship. In some cases, it may extend to honorary titles awarded to (for example) prominent chess administrators, business patrons or politicians. Since the introduction of the
656:
was later discontinued, and players who had or were subsequently granted the title on the 300-game basis were renamed "Original Life
Masters." In practice, the distinction is rarely made. Original Life Masters had to play 300 games as a Master without going below 2200 in their rating or the count would start over again.
165:(GM) is the highest title a chess player can attain. The usual way for a player to qualify for the Grandmaster title is by achieving a FIDE rating of 2500 at one time and three favorable results in tournaments (called norms) involving other Grandmasters, including some from countries other than the applicant's.
591:
The first USCF rating list was published in
December 1950. On that list, experts were players rated from 2100 to 2300 and masters were players rated from 2300 to 2500. However, within a few years, it was discovered that the ratings were rapidly deflating. As a result, the classifications were dropped
659:
As the name of this title implies, this title is held for life, regardless of any subsequent decrease in rating. Thus, it is possible to have a player with a USCF rating of 2100 (or below) who is a Life Master, although this is uncommon for 'Original Life
Masters' (since such a rating floor can only
628:
In the United States, the title of "National Master" is awarded for life, regardless of whether the rating of a
National Master subsequently goes below 2200. In August 2002, this position was codified (after being recognized as the existing status quo) by the USCF Policy Board with the passage of a
563:
The title of chess expert is not awarded for life. Every time a tournament chess player plays a game, their rating goes up or down depending on the game's outcome and on how strong their opponent is. If the rating of a chess expert falls below 2000, they are not a chess expert any more (though they
655:
During the 1990s, the USCF also awarded a "Life Master" title on the basis of a different and more complex system that was similar to the FIDE 'norm system' of awarding titles. This method of attaining Life Master became officially recognized by the USCF on
January 1, 1996. The "class norm" system
575:
It is possible (and common), however, for players in the United States to have a rating that places them in the 'expert' category while still retaining the title of 'Life Master' or 'National Master'. The title of 'master' is awarded to anyone meeting the criteria laid down by the USCF, including
555:
from 2000 to 2199. Players rated above that are masters, while players below that are class players. Approximately 50,000 chess players have USCF ratings, of which approximately 2,500 are rated 2000 or better. Thus, chess experts are in the top 5% of all USCF tournament chess players. Since 2008,
600:
System. There have been continuous adjustments to that system ever since, with the primary purpose of stabilizing the rating system against the forces of inflation and deflation, so that a chess expert today will be approximately the same strength as a chess expert was twenty or forty years ago.
604:
This information stated here also applies in Canada, under the auspices of the
Canadian Federation of Chess (CFC), with one difference being that Class E encompasses all players rated under 1200. Similar class distinctions may apply in other national chess federations as well.
1232:
672:
awards the title of
National Master to players who achieve a national rating of 2200, and three tournament performances ("norms") of 2300 or more. It also awards National Woman Master and National Candidate Master titles at 2000 rating, with three norms of 2100 or more.
629:
motion stating "Any USCF member who has had a regular post tournament rating of 2200 or higher (published or not) has demonstrated a significant level of chess ability and is recognized by being automatically awarded the lifetime title of
National Master."
689:
of 2200, standardplay. The player must maintain an average listed rating at, or above, the minimum rating for a period of 12 months, with a total game count of 30 games or more in the 12-month qualifying period. It also awards a number of lesser titles.
734:
and a few other tournaments. 100 points are required for the title of
National Master, and 40 points for the title of Candidate Master. As of 31 January 2013, 22 players hold the National Master title, the majority of whom also have FIDE titles.
878:—these are equivalent to similar titles awarded by FIDE for over-the-board chess. The ICCF also runs the World Correspondence Chess Championships. Because these events can last a long time, they may overlap: for instance, in February 2005
264:
There are no norms required for any of the arena titles, however the player must maintain a FIDE online rating of at least the minimum required for at least 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games consecutively.
227:
For every above title, there are alternative ways of attaining it by performing at or near the top of certain high-level tournaments. For example, the GM title is awarded to the person winning the World Junior
Championship.
588:, the title of 'Master' is awarded for life. Players with a rating below 2200, but who have earned the title of 'National Master' or 'Life Master', are, according to the USCF, still referred to as 'masters'.
845:
For solvers, the GM (International Solving Grandmaster) and IM titles were both first awarded in 1982; the FM title followed in 1997. GM and IM titles can only be gained by participating in the official
882:
was declared winner of the eighteenth Championship (which began in June 2003), though the winner of the seventeenth Championship (which began in March 2002) had not yet been determined.
789:) for especially distinguished problem and study composers and solvers. (Unlike in over-the-board chess, however, there are no women-only equivalents to these titles in problem chess.)
782:
122:
was applied informally, being simply a matter of popular acclaim. Strong players demonstrated their strength in play, and gained the informal reputation of being chess masters.
125:
As chess became more widespread in the latter half of the 19th century, the term began to be given out by organizations. One of the most prestigious events of the time was the
1689:
305:
994:"B. Permanent Commissions / 01. International Title Regulations (Qualification Commission) / FIDE Title Regulations effective from 1 January 2023 / FIDE Handbook"
875:
284:
award titles such as "National Master" (NM). National chess federations are free to set whatever standards they want for such titles, which are not recognized by
896:
871:
95:
67:
governing body and bestowed upon players based on their performance and rank. Such titles are usually granted for life. The international chess governing body
625:
during tournament play. The USCF also awards the Life Master title to anyone who holds a 2200 rating for a total of 300 or more games in his or her lifetime.
296:(FM) title in 1978, some federations such as those of Ireland and Germany have ceased awarding National Master titles, apparently regarding them as obsolete.
833:) and the FM title (first awarded 1990) has been determined on the basis of the number of problems or studies a composer had selected for publication in the
75:; many national chess federations also grant titles such as "National Master". More broadly, the term "master" can refer to any highly skilled chess player.
2918:
760:
718:, the requirements were changed to a rating-based system some time during the 1980s, but the title was not held in high regard and is no longer awarded.
1256:
288:. Standards for "Master" titles in different countries vary, but are usually based on criteria such as achieving a certain rating (typically about 2200
859:
2475:
1300:
2933:
2893:
817:
being the first honorary recipients. In subsequent years, qualification for the IM title, as well as for the GM title (first awarded in 1972 to
564:
retain the title of Candidate Master, if it was earned according to the criteria above). This is in contrast to international titles awarded by
2913:
2908:
1226:
1176:
950:
698:
Up until 1991, the Irish Chess Federation awarded the title of Irish National Master to 15 players. The title has since fallen into disuse.
2465:
200:(WIM) Requires a minimum rating of 2200 and three norms, while the requirements of achieving a norm are lowered compared to the WGM title.
316:
were considered for the title, and fewer than 100 awards were made altogether. The majority of these players also qualified for the FIDE
171:(IM). Requires a minimum rating of 2400 and three norms, while the requirements of achieving a norm are lowered compared to the GM title.
2853:
2716:
2706:
2470:
2991:
2461:
2456:
1784:
1094:
2928:
2828:
2721:
2691:
221:
1446:
918:
710:
using a points based system, in which players were required to score 100 points from performances in major tournaments such as the
1276:
2898:
2888:
2806:
2696:
1441:
847:
2883:
2873:
1394:
1149:"Meeting Minutes – Board of Directors Meeting – August 2002", United States Chess Federation, PO Box 3967, Crossville, TN 38557
1340:
568:, which are awarded for life. In European countries the term "expert" is not used. Instead, players of that level are called "
2878:
2868:
2863:
1531:
1493:
731:
642:
614:
544:
333:
1363:
1216:
1195:
3013:
2923:
2858:
2439:
2201:
1752:
711:
621:
of 2200, and the title of Senior Master to anyone who achieves a USCF rating of 2400 along with certain performance-based
560:
in tournaments and also hold a rating above 2000. Like the title of Master, Candidate Master titles are awarded for life.
87:
is a player of such skill that they can usually beat most amateurs. Among chess players, the term is often abbreviated to
2277:
1757:
748:
727:
1044:
976:
3027:
2976:
2686:
707:
106:", the requirements for which were increasingly formalized over the years. In 1978, FIDE created the lesser title of "
2572:
141:
or "reserve" event was entitled to compete in the premiere event in the next congress, with a chance to achieve the
3100:
3078:
2986:
2971:
2635:
2587:
2582:
2240:
1918:
1762:
669:
3032:
2966:
2816:
2711:
2560:
313:
304:
In the Soviet Union, the Master title was conferred by the federal government and was connected to the title of
3008:
2981:
2823:
1938:
1933:
1890:
1789:
1161:
1108:
682:
98:(FIDE), saw the creation of titles superior to the "national master" titles. In 1950, FIDE created the titles "
2545:
137:, i.e. to win at least one third of the games in the premiere tournament at a DSB Congress. The winner of the
751:. As of 11 April 2023, 7 players hold the National Master title, the majority of whom also have FIDE titles.
592:
by 100 points so that since then experts were rated between 2000 and 2200. In 1960, the USCF adopted the new
3117:
2647:
2312:
1658:
942:
1017:
2701:
2630:
1928:
1774:
1679:
1524:
1456:
806:
597:
281:
2342:
1253:
3168:
2833:
2756:
2642:
2024:
1747:
1706:
1488:
2337:
936:
830:
802:
118:
From the beginning of recorded chess, to the establishment of the first chess organizations, the term
2550:
2487:
2446:
2407:
2189:
2179:
2109:
1923:
1854:
1779:
1664:
1463:
1307:
581:
552:
317:
130:
103:
2998:
2778:
2540:
2530:
2417:
2387:
2357:
2329:
2302:
2245:
2146:
2114:
2074:
2029:
1742:
1684:
1559:
1507:
1502:
1429:
1387:
822:
814:
585:
321:
217:
161:
99:
72:
45:
1173:
862:
is given to individuals considered capable of judging composing tournaments at the highest level.
3105:
3003:
2746:
2555:
2196:
2084:
1696:
1564:
810:
686:
3088:
2961:
2773:
2731:
2662:
2614:
2597:
2577:
2429:
2367:
2307:
2282:
2129:
2094:
2089:
2069:
2057:
1900:
1868:
1834:
1814:
1651:
1645:
1624:
1606:
1473:
1222:
946:
879:
818:
797:
For composition, the title of Grandmaster for chess composition was established in 1959, with
730:
awards the title of National Master using a points-based system, based on performances in the
649:
618:
593:
289:
232:
556:
USCF has also awarded Candidate Master titles to players that achieve five performance-based
187:
The titles listed above are open to men and women. Separate women-only titles are available:
3083:
2956:
2798:
2741:
2652:
2602:
2451:
2397:
2392:
2382:
2297:
2218:
2208:
2184:
2151:
1723:
1637:
1411:
826:
572:", although the FIDE Candidate Master title generally requires a higher rating (2200 FIDE).
569:
309:
35:
1086:
3048:
3022:
2843:
2838:
2788:
2726:
2535:
2510:
2495:
2292:
2250:
2233:
2134:
2052:
2014:
1992:
1977:
1908:
1885:
1844:
1839:
1718:
1701:
1541:
1199:
1180:
1048:
980:
922:
269:
2317:
2228:
798:
915:
41:
3147:
3063:
2811:
2657:
2520:
2515:
2352:
2347:
2213:
2171:
2141:
1970:
1913:
1801:
1769:
1735:
1728:
1713:
1674:
1669:
1596:
1591:
1436:
1380:
1269:
1259:
2013-10-22 at Wikiwix. Chessexpress.blogspot.com (2009-06-07). Retrieved on 2013-10-23.
1159:
CFC Titleholders | The Chess Federation of Canada - La Fédération Canadienne des Échecs
48:
3162:
3122:
3112:
3095:
2768:
2751:
2678:
2567:
2525:
2505:
2287:
2269:
2260:
2223:
2156:
2079:
2064:
2019:
2002:
1997:
1987:
1819:
1581:
1519:
1212:
766:
231:
FIDE also awards titles for "lower-band" players, regardless of gender, through the
3142:
3068:
3053:
2783:
2609:
2592:
2500:
2434:
2377:
2372:
2104:
2099:
2039:
1982:
1873:
1829:
1601:
1586:
1576:
1512:
1478:
1451:
1419:
1332:
646:
622:
557:
126:
1355:
2422:
2412:
2161:
2124:
2007:
1618:
1613:
1571:
1192:
916:
FIDE Handbook: Chess Rules. 1.0. Requirements for the titles designated in 0.31.
891:
715:
577:
293:
154:
107:
31:
17:
3058:
2119:
1955:
1945:
1878:
1862:
1554:
834:
706:
The title of Australian Master was introduced in 1959, and was awarded by the
3073:
2402:
2362:
1965:
1960:
1849:
1824:
1549:
1041:
993:
973:
2951:
1133:
1069:
714:
and state championships. According to Australian chess player and arbiter
2761:
2047:
1809:
617:(USCF) awards the Title of National Master to anyone who achieves a USCF
874:
awards the titles International Master, Senior International Master and
1483:
336:
currently gives a national title for achieving a 2200 rating (master):
1625:
1950:
1040:
Players who maintain a 2200 rating over 300 games are "Life Masters"
1112:
1403:
972:
Current FIDE lists of top players with their titles are online at
747:
awards the title of National Master, based on performances in the
638:
548:
64:
60:
40:
660:
be dropped by the USCF itself), who have a floor rating of 2200.
652:
of over 2200 for at least 300 USCF-rated tournament chess games.
3137:
1468:
565:
285:
68:
30:"Chess master" redirects here. For the Ubisoft application, see
1376:
1158:
212:(WCM) Requires a minimum rating of 2000. No norms are required.
206:(WFM) Requires a minimum rating of 2100. No norms are required.
183:(CM). Requires a minimum rating of 2200. No norms are required.
177:(FM). Requires a minimum rating of 2300. No norms are required.
685:
awards the title of National Master to players who achieve an
133:
in 1876. The DSB's standard for the title of Master was the
935:
Hooper, David & Whyld, Kenneth (1996). "Hauptturnier".
897:
International Correspondence Chess Federation § Titles
576:
having once been rated over 2200. Like the FIDE titles of
1164:
2013-10-24 at Wikiwix. Chess.ca. Retrieved on 2013-10-23.
1372:
1174:
Master Points System « The English Chess Federation
1018:"What is the FOA Title? | FIDE Online Arena Help Center"
744:
194:(WGM) Requires a minimum rating of 2300 and three norms.
71:
grants several titles, the most prestigious of which is
312:
in 1934. Only players who featured prominently in the
1221:(2nd ed.). London: Robert Hale Ltd. p. 33.
260:(ACM). Requires a minimum online FIDE rating of 1200.
254:(AFM). Requires a minimum online FIDE rating of 1400.
248:(AIM). Requires a minimum online FIDE rating of 1700.
242:(AGM). Requires a minimum online FIDE rating of 2000.
872:
International Correspondence Chess Federation (ICCF)
3041:
2944:
2797:
2677:
2623:
2486:
2328:
2268:
2259:
2170:
2038:
1899:
1800:
1636:
1540:
1410:
1109:"701. C.F.C. Rating System & FIDE Rated Events"
645:(USCF). To be awarded this title, one must hold a
308:. The first chess player to receive the title was
1270:"New Zealand Chess Federation titles and awards"
1183:. Englishchess.org.uk. Retrieved on 2013-10-23.
876:International Correspondence Chess Grandmaster
131:Deutscher Schachbund (German Chess Federation)
1388:
8:
94:The establishment of the world chess body,
2265:
1395:
1381:
1373:
1301:"N.Z. Master points as at 31 January 2013"
787:Permanent Commission for Chess Composition
761:List of grandmasters for chess composition
423:
1254:chessexpress: The Australian Master Title
860:International Judge of Chess Compositions
34:. For the Chinese novel by Ah Cheng, see
1070:"US Chess Title System, Update Feb 2016"
907:
998:International Chess Federation (FIDE)
543:Chess expert is a title given by the
7:
1235:from the original on 14 October 2013
96:Fédération Internationale des Échecs
765:Just as in over-the-board play, in
222:women have also earned the GM title
1202:. Icu.ie. Retrieved on 2013-10-23.
1059:The USCF has a rating floor of 100
25:
3136:
2807:List of strong chess tournaments
1366:from the original on 2007-10-25.
1343:from the original on 2009-07-19.
1134:"US Chess Title System Feb 2016"
1097:from the original on 2013-03-08.
848:World Chess Solving Championship
1785:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
1282:from the original on 2013-10-29
27:Title bestowed on a chessplayer
732:New Zealand Chess Championship
643:United States Chess Federation
615:United States Chess Federation
545:United States Chess Federation
1:
2905:Computer chess championships
1333:"Rules for the WCSC and ECSC"
938:The Oxford companion to chess
712:Australian Chess Championship
114:Early use of the master title
983:. Retrieved 11 December 2006
781:are awarded by FIDE via the
749:Dominican Chess Championship
728:New Zealand Chess Federation
268:FIDE also awards titles for
2687:Bishop and knight checkmate
708:Australian Chess Federation
3185:
2850:Other world championships
1218:The encyclopaedia of chess
925:Retrieved 9 December 2006.
758:
745:Dominican Chess Federation
670:Chess Federation of Canada
282:national chess federations
246:Arena International Master
198:Woman International Master
152:
29:
3131:
2697:Opposite-coloured bishops
771:International Grandmaster
547:(USCF). It is awarded to
314:Soviet Chess Championship
129:, first organised by the
2824:World Chess Championship
1790:World Chess Hall of Fame
914:World Chess Federation.
683:English Chess Federation
3118:Simultaneous exhibition
3028:Chess newspaper columns
2717:Rook and bishop vs rook
2707:Queen and pawn vs queen
979:April 30, 2008, at the
943:Oxford University Press
921:March 15, 2008, at the
596:replacing the original
425:USCF rating categories
2573:Richter–Veresov Attack
2561:Queen's Indian Defence
1356:"International judges"
1022:support.chessarena.com
258:Arena Candidate Master
210:Woman Candidate Master
52:
2834:Candidates Tournament
2722:Rook and pawn vs rook
2692:King and pawn vs king
2643:List of chess gambits
2546:King's Indian Defence
2224:Isolated Queen's Pawn
1748:List of chess players
1690:Top player comparison
1489:Internet chess server
1193:Irish National Master
1111:. CFC. Archived from
641:title awarded by the
44:
2551:Nimzo-Indian Defence
2447:Scandinavian Defense
2408:Semi-Italian Opening
2313:King's Indian Attack
2202:first-move advantage
1855:Threefold repetition
1780:Bobby Fischer Center
1665:Charlemagne chessmen
1659:Göttingen manuscript
1464:Correspondence chess
1115:on February 25, 2009
866:Correspondence chess
807:Alexander Gerbstmann
775:International Master
582:International Master
318:International Master
169:International Master
104:International Master
79:Over-the-board chess
2779:Two knights endgame
2531:Bogo-Indian Defence
2418:Two Knights Defense
2358:Nimzowitsch Defence
2048:Artificial castling
1685:Soviet chess school
1560:Dubrovnik chess set
426:
218:Nona Gaprindashvili
3009:endgame literature
2556:Old Indian Defense
2466:Accelerated Dragon
2338:Alekhine's Defence
2070:Checkmate patterns
1939:symbols in Unicode
1934:annotation symbols
1697:Geography of chess
1565:Staunton chess set
1198:2013-10-21 at the
1179:2013-10-15 at the
1047:2013-03-08 at the
755:Chess compositions
739:Dominican Republic
424:
192:Woman Grand Master
53:
3156:
3155:
3033:Chess periodicals
2962:Chess in the arts
2894:Chess composition
2732:Philidor position
2673:
2672:
2615:Trompowsky Attack
2598:Semi-Slav Defence
2488:Queen's Pawn Game
2368:Four Knights Game
2343:Caro–Kann Defence
2308:Zukertort Opening
2095:Discovered attack
1815:Cheating in chess
1652:Versus de scachis
1360:www.saunalahti.fi
1337:www.saunalahti.fi
1228:978-0-7091-4697-1
952:978-0-1928-0049-7
880:Joop van Oosterom
819:Genrikh Kasparyan
637:Life Master is a
594:Elo rating system
570:Candidate Masters
541:
540:
415:
414:
376:Candidate Master
252:Arena FIDE Master
240:Arena Grandmaster
233:FIDE Online Arena
204:Woman FIDE Master
16:(Redirected from
3176:
3143:Chess portal
3141:
3140:
3084:Leela Chess Zero
3015:Oxford Companion
2967:early literature
2957:Chess aesthetics
2702:Pawnless endgame
2653:Bongcloud Attack
2631:List of openings
2603:Chigorin Defense
2541:GrĂĽnfeld Defence
2452:Sicilian Defence
2398:Ponziani Opening
2393:Philidor Defence
2388:Petrov's Defence
2330:King's Pawn Game
2303:Larsen's Opening
2266:
1627:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1354:Harkola, Hannu.
1351:
1345:
1344:
1331:Harkola, Hannu.
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1318:
1312:
1306:. Archived from
1305:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1260:
1251:
1245:
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926:
912:
831:Eeltje Visserman
827:Comins Mansfield
803:Arnoldo Ellerman
427:
341:
340:
310:Peter Romanovsky
181:Candidate Master
36:The Chess Master
21:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3135:
3127:
3037:
3023:Chess libraries
2940:
2844:FIDE Grand Prix
2839:Chess World Cup
2793:
2789:Wrong rook pawn
2727:Lucena position
2669:
2619:
2536:Catalan Opening
2511:English Defence
2496:Budapest Gambit
2482:
2440:Austrian Attack
2324:
2293:English Opening
2255:
2251:School of chess
2234:Minority attack
2166:
2135:Queen sacrifice
2034:
1895:
1891:White and Black
1886:Touch-move rule
1845:Perpetual check
1840:Fifty-move rule
1796:
1632:
1629:
1536:
1406:
1401:
1371:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1236:
1229:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1200:Wayback Machine
1191:
1187:
1181:Wayback Machine
1172:
1168:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1118:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1049:Wayback Machine
1039:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1000:
992:
991:
987:
981:Wayback Machine
971:
967:
957:
955:
953:
945:. p. 170.
934:
933:
929:
923:Wayback Machine
913:
909:
905:
888:
868:
856:
843:
795:
763:
757:
724:
704:
696:
679:
666:
635:
611:
446:National Master
422:
330:
306:Master of Sport
302:
278:
276:National titles
216:Beginning with
157:
151:
116:
81:
63:regulated by a
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:National Master
15:
12:
11:
5:
3182:
3180:
3172:
3171:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3066:
3064:Chess composer
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3006:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2919:North American
2916:
2911:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2812:Chess Olympiad
2809:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2663:Scholar's mate
2660:
2655:
2645:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2578:Queen's Gambit
2575:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2521:Benoni Defence
2516:Indian Defence
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2459:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2432:
2430:Owen's Defence
2427:
2426:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2360:
2355:
2353:Modern Defence
2350:
2348:French Defence
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2283:Bird's Opening
2280:
2274:
2272:
2263:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2214:Pawn structure
2211:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2058:Alekhine's gun
2050:
2044:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1971:Half-open file
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1914:Chess notation
1911:
1905:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1871:
1869:Pawn promotion
1866:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1772:
1770:Women in chess
1767:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1680:Hypermodernism
1677:
1675:Romantic chess
1672:
1670:Lewis chessmen
1667:
1662:
1655:
1642:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1546:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1508:world rankings
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1486:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1437:Computer chess
1434:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1370:
1369:
1346:
1323:
1292:
1261:
1246:
1227:
1204:
1185:
1166:
1151:
1142:
1125:
1100:
1078:
1061:
1052:
1033:
1009:
985:
965:
951:
941:(2 ed.).
927:
906:
904:
901:
900:
899:
894:
887:
884:
867:
864:
855:
852:
842:
839:
794:
791:
756:
753:
723:
720:
703:
700:
695:
692:
678:
675:
665:
662:
634:
631:
610:
607:
539:
538:
535:
531:
530:
527:
523:
522:
519:
515:
514:
511:
507:
506:
503:
499:
498:
495:
491:
490:
487:
483:
482:
479:
475:
474:
471:
467:
466:
463:
459:
458:
455:
451:
450:
447:
443:
442:
439:
435:
434:
431:
421:
418:
417:
416:
413:
412:
409:
405:
404:
401:
397:
396:
393:
389:
388:
385:
381:
380:
377:
373:
372:
369:
365:
364:
361:
357:
356:
353:
352:Senior Master
349:
348:
345:
329:
326:
301:
298:
277:
274:
272:and trainers.
262:
261:
255:
249:
243:
214:
213:
207:
201:
195:
185:
184:
178:
172:
166:
153:Main article:
150:
147:
143:Meisterdrittel
135:Meisterdrittel
115:
112:
83:In general, a
80:
77:
49:Garry Kasparov
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3181:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3124:
3123:Solving chess
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Chess prodigy
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:Chess problem
3094:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:opening books
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2992:short stories
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:Art and media
2943:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:triangulation
2755:
2753:
2752:Tarrasch rule
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2712:Queen vs pawn
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2568:London System
2566:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2526:Modern Benoni
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:Dutch Defence
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2383:King's Gambit
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Grob's Attack
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2288:Dunst Opening
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2278:Benko Opening
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2270:Flank opening
2267:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2025:Transposition
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1776:
1775:Chess museums
1773:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1743:Notable games
1741:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1532:World records
1530:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1503:Rating system
1501:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1313:on 2013-10-29
1309:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1278:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1247:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1213:Anne Sunnucks
1208:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1037:
1034:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1010:
999:
995:
989:
986:
982:
978:
975:
969:
966:
954:
948:
944:
940:
939:
931:
928:
924:
920:
917:
911:
908:
902:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
885:
883:
881:
877:
873:
865:
863:
861:
853:
851:
849:
840:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:Lev Loshinsky
820:
816:
815:Cyril Kipping
812:
808:
804:
800:
792:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
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3054:Chess boxing
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2784:Wrong bishop
2636:theory table
2610:Torre Attack
2593:Slav Defence
2501:Colle System
2476:Scheveningen
2435:Pirc Defence
2378:Italian Game
2373:Giuoco Piano
2318:RĂ©ti Opening
2241:Piece values
2229:MarĂłczy Bind
2190:the exchange
2180:Compensation
2110:Interference
2100:Double check
1874:Time control
1861:
1835:by agreement
1763:grandmasters
1707:South Africa
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1626:Score sheets
1572:Chess pieces
1479:Online chess
1425:Chess titles
1424:
1420:Chess theory
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1315:. Retrieved
1308:the original
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2999:Chess books
2799:Tournaments
2658:Fool's mate
2423:Vienna Game
2413:Scotch Game
2246:Prophylaxis
2162:Zwischenzug
2147:Undermining
2115:Overloading
2075:Combination
1924:descriptive
1619:Chess table
1614:Chess clock
1430:Grandmaster
1075:. Feb 2016.
892:FIDE titles
835:FIDE Albums
811:Jan Hartong
779:FIDE Master
769:the titles
722:New Zealand
716:Shaun Press
633:Life Master
586:Grandmaster
578:FIDE Master
322:Grandmaster
294:FIDE Master
175:FIDE Master
162:Grandmaster
155:FIDE titles
149:FIDE titles
108:FIDE Master
100:Grandmaster
73:Grandmaster
57:chess title
46:Grandmaster
32:Chessmaster
3106:joke chess
3059:Chess club
2747:opposition
2209:Middlegame
2197:Initiative
2120:Pawn storm
2085:Deflection
1956:Key square
1946:Fianchetto
1879:Fast chess
1863:En passant
1555:chessboard
1317:2013-10-21
1286:2013-10-21
1239:10 October
1119:2009-12-24
1087:"Handbook"
1042:USCF terms
1027:2024-02-04
1003:2023-05-03
958:4 November
903:References
858:The title
759:See also:
687:ECF rating
537:under 200
497:1000–1199
489:1200–1399
481:1400–1599
473:1600–1799
465:1800–1999
457:2000–2199
449:Over 2200
441:Over 2400
3089:Stockfish
3079:Deep Blue
3074:AlphaZero
2982:paintings
2774:Tablebase
2738:Strategy
2648:Irregular
2403:Ruy Lopez
2363:Open Game
2130:Sacrifice
2090:Desperado
1993:connected
1966:Open file
1961:King walk
1919:algebraic
1850:Stalemate
1825:Checkmate
1550:Chess set
1542:Equipment
793:Composers
702:Australia
3163:Category
3148:Category
3101:glossary
2762:Zugzwang
2742:fortress
2679:Endgames
2588:Declined
2583:Accepted
2261:Openings
2219:Hedgehog
2185:Exchange
2172:Strategy
2152:Windmill
2003:isolated
1988:backward
1810:Castling
1753:amateurs
1646:Timeline
1520:Variants
1474:Glossary
1457:software
1442:glossary
1364:Archived
1341:Archived
1277:Archived
1257:Archived
1233:Archived
1215:(1976).
1196:Archived
1177:Archived
1162:Archived
1095:Archived
1045:Archived
977:Archived
974:fide.com
919:Archived
886:See also
647:master's
598:Harkness
551:players
529:200–449
521:450–599
513:600–799
505:800–999
430:Category
270:arbiters
3049:Arbiter
3042:Related
2899:Solving
2889:Amateur
2471:Najdorf
2053:Battery
2040:Tactics
2015:Swindle
1998:doubled
1978:Outpost
1909:Blunder
1724:Armenia
1638:History
1484:Premove
1452:engines
1447:matches
1412:Outline
841:Solvers
694:Ireland
677:England
623:'norms'
558:'norms'
534:Class J
526:Class I
518:Class H
510:Class G
502:Class F
494:Class E
486:Class D
478:Class C
470:Class B
462:Class A
368:Master
347:Rating
324:title.
102:" and "
2987:poetry
2977:novels
2952:CaĂŻssa
2884:Senior
2874:Junior
2462:Dragon
2457:Alapin
2142:Skewer
2008:passed
1951:Gambit
1758:female
1719:Europe
1702:Africa
1597:Knight
1592:Bishop
1225:
949:
854:Judges
829:, and
813:, and
664:Canada
650:rating
619:rating
609:Master
584:, and
454:Expert
420:Expert
344:Title
120:master
89:master
51:(2007)
2934:WCSCC
2879:Youth
2869:Blitz
2864:Rapid
2854:Women
2817:Women
2769:Study
2624:Other
2157:X-ray
2080:Decoy
2065:Block
2020:Tempo
1983:Pawns
1901:Terms
1820:Check
1802:Rules
1736:India
1729:Spain
1714:China
1607:Fairy
1582:Queen
1513:norms
1404:Chess
1311:(PDF)
1304:(PDF)
1280:(PDF)
1273:(PDF)
1137:(PDF)
1073:(PDF)
639:chess
553:rated
549:chess
411:1200
403:1400
395:1600
387:1800
379:2000
371:2200
363:2300
355:2400
280:Some
65:chess
61:title
59:is a
2972:film
2929:WCCC
2924:TCEC
2914:CSVN
2859:Team
2829:List
2105:Fork
2030:Trap
1830:Draw
1602:Pawn
1587:Rook
1577:King
1525:List
1494:list
1469:FIDE
1241:2013
1223:ISBN
960:2013
947:ISBN
870:The
783:PCCC
777:and
743:The
726:The
681:The
668:The
613:The
566:FIDE
334:USCF
332:The
286:FIDE
69:FIDE
2909:CCC
2125:Pin
1929:PGN
320:or
290:Elo
110:".
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