31:
3621:
902:, the U18 and U16 World Youth Champions as well Continental Championship medalists and U18 Continental and Regional Champions of the women's section are directly awarded the title. From 2017, direct titles are only awarded as long as she can cross the minimum rating of 2000. The current regulations can be found in the FIDE handbook.
920:
Championships of the women's section as well as by scoring more than 50% points in more than 7 games in the
Olympiad. From 2017, direct titles are only awarded as long as a candidate can cross the minimum rating of 1800, however this requirement does not apply for direct WCM titles earned through the Olympiad.
910:
Introduced with FM in 1978, the WFM title may be achieved by gaining a FIDE rating of 2100 or more. The U14 and U12 World Youth
Champions as well as U16 and U18 medalists of the women's section are directly awarded the title. The U12, U14, U16 Continental and Regional Champions of the women's section
919:
Introduced with CM in 2002, Woman
Candidate Master is the lowest-ranking title awarded by FIDE. This title may be achieved by gaining a FIDE rating of 2000 or more. The title can also be acquired by getting a medal in U8, U10, U12, U14, U16 World Youth Championships or Continental and Regional Youth
864:
Though the open FIDE titles are not gender-segregated, the following four titles given by FIDE are exclusive to women and may be held simultaneously with an open title. The requirements for these titles are about 200 Elo rating points lower than the requirements for the similarly named open titles.
592:
of 2400 or more. In general, an IM norm is defined as a performance rating of at least 2450 over 9 or more games. In addition, the field must have an average rating of at least 2230, must include at least three
International Masters or Grandmasters, and must include players from a mix of national
475:
of 2500 or more. The precise definition of a GM norm is complex and has frequently been amended, but in general a grandmaster norm is defined as a performance rating of at least 2600 over 9 or more rounds. In addition, the field must have an average rating of at least 2380, must include at least
443:
The titles of
Grandmaster, International Master, FIDE Master and Candidate Master are available to all over-the-board chess players. The requirements for each title have varied over time, but generally require having demonstrated a prescribed level of achievement in tournaments at classical time
885:
and some other tournaments like Women's
Continental Championship is automatically awarded the WGM title. From 2017, the direct titles are only awarded as long as she can reach the minimum FIDE rating of 2100. The current regulations can be found in the FIDE handbook.
685:
of the United States attained both titles solely by virtue of qualifying for the 1958 Interzonal (IM title) and 1959 Candidates
Tournament (GM title), only incidentally becoming IM before GM. The more usual path is first to become an IM, then move on to the GM level.
107:
The term "master" for a strong chess player was initially used informally. From the late 19th century and onwards, various national chess federations began to draw up formal requirements for the use of such a title. The term "Grandmaster", in the form of a
1490:
For a direct title to be awarded immediately an applicant has to have achieved at some time a minimum rating published or interim (see 1.5.3a), as follows: ..... This requirement does not apply to direct CM/WCM titles earned at the Open and Women's Chess
1433:
In March, the 2013-born
Argentinian became the youngest player to ever break 2200 at nine years and three months. Now three months later, he has broken the 2300 barrier as well, smashing the former record held by Uzbek GM Javokhir Sindarov by over seven
757:
Introduced in 2002 along with WCM, the usual way for a player to qualify for the
Candidate Master title is by achieving an Elo rating of 2200 or more. For players rated over 2000 but under 2200, there are many other ways to gain the title; they include:
705:
The usual way for a player to qualify for the FIDE Master title is by achieving an Elo rating of 2300 or more. There are also many ways the title can be gained by players with a rating of at least 2100 but less than 2300; they include:
897:
The usual way to obtain the WIM title is similar to the open titles, where a FIDE rating of 2200 and three norms of 2250 performance rating is required against opponents who are higher rated than 2030 on average. The runners-up in the
308:(WGM) in 1976. In 1978 the subordinate titles of FIDE Master (FM) and Woman FIDE master (WFM) were introduced, followed in 2002 by the titles of Candidate Master (CM) and Woman Candidate Master (WCM). Similar titles are awarded by the
76:. Open titles may be earned by all players, while women's titles are restricted to female players. Many strong female players hold both open and women's titles. FIDE also awards titles for arbiters, organizers and trainers. Titles for
880:
The usual way to obtain the WGM title is similar to the open titles, where a FIDE rating of 2300 and three norms of 2400 performance rating is required against opponents who are higher rated than 2130 on average. The winner of the
911:
are also directly awarded the title. The title can also be acquired by scoring more than 65% points in more than 9 games in the
Olympiad. From 2017, direct titles are only awarded as long as a minimum rating of 1900 is achieved.
701:
Introduced in 1978 along with WFM, FM ranks below the title of International Master but ahead of Candidate Master. Unlike the Grandmaster and International Master titles, there is no requirement for a player to achieve norms.
116:, was a formal title in the Soviet Union, and had also been in informal use for the world's elite players for several decades before its institution by FIDE in 1950. FIDE's first titles were awarded in 1950 and consisted of 27
1043:
Arena titles can be earned online using FIDE's server, and are intended for players in the lower rating band. Should a player with an arena title gain an over the board FIDE title, this title replaces their arena title.
462:, Grandmaster is the highest title a chess player can attain. In chess literature it is usually abbreviated to GM. The abbreviation IGM for "International Grandmaster" is occasionally seen, usually in older literature.
788:
Prior to 2018, there was no minimum rating requirement, and coming in the top three of an U8 continental tournament was acceptable. As a result, there are a number of CMs with far lower ratings than 2000.
596:
There are also several ways the IM title can be awarded directly without going through the usual norm process, provided the player has a rating of at least 2200. From July 2017, these are as follows:
877:
Woman Grandmaster is the highest-ranking chess title restricted to women. FIDE introduced the WGM title in 1976, joining the previously introduced lower-ranking title, Woman International Master.
894:
Woman International Master is next to the highest-ranking title given by FIDE exclusively to women. FIDE first awarded the WIM title (formerly called International Woman Master, or IWM) in 1950.
785:
In case a player achieves the CM title through the Olympiad performance, the minimum required rating of 2000 does not apply, after the title regulations update effective from January 1st, 2024.
657:
After becoming an IM, most professional players set their next goal to becoming a Grandmaster. It is also possible to become a Grandmaster without ever having been an International Master.
479:
The title may also be awarded directly without going through the usual norm requirements in a few high-level tournaments, provided the player has a FIDE rating of over 2300. These include:
1093:
The trainer titles (in descending order of expertise) are FIDE Senior Trainer (FST), FIDE Trainer (FT), FIDE Instructor (FI), National Instructor (NI), and Developmental Instructor (DI).
2172:
1475:"B. Permanent Commissions / 01. International Title Regulations (Qualification Commission) / FIDE Title Regulations effective from 1 January 2024 / FIDE Handbook"
1599:
1307:"B. Permanent Commissions / 01. International Title Regulations (Qualification Commission) / Table for Direct Titles effective from 1 July 2017 / FIDE Handbook"
309:
1050:(AGM) is the highest online title. It is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 2000.
539:
in 1978, a number of women have earned the GM title. Since about 2000, most of the top 10 women have held the GM title. This should not be confused with the
581:
players who are below the level of grandmaster. Instituted along with the Grandmaster title in 1950, it is usually abbreviated as IM in chess literature.
3401:
1120:
2958:
3416:
3376:
865:
These titles are sometimes criticized by both male and female players, and some female players elect not to take them. For example, Grandmaster
3396:
1283:"B. Permanent Commissions / 01. International Title Regulations (Qualification Commission) / FIDE Title Regulations effective from 1 July 2017"
520:
313:
3391:
1778:
1748:
1650:
1455:
1166:
2948:
280:
1808:
3661:
3336:
3199:
3189:
2953:
607:
496:
3474:
2944:
2939:
2267:
1209:
742:
from Philippines who was awarded the title after winning the 14th ASEAN Age Group Chess Championships 2013 in Thailand at age seven.
3411:
3311:
3204:
3174:
1580:
1193:
1929:
72:(performance benchmarks in competitions including other titled players). Once awarded, titles are held for life except in cases of
3381:
3371:
3289:
3179:
1924:
749:
from Argentina who, when he was nine, hit 2314 Elo rating after participating in the ITT Ajedrez Martelli Jovenes Talentos 2023.
300:
The titles were awarded by a vote of the FIDE Congress before the requirements became more formalized. In 1957, FIDE introduced
3366:
3356:
1877:
899:
882:
619:
613:
516:
509:
502:
3361:
3351:
3346:
2014:
1976:
1068:(ACM) is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 1100.
1062:(AFM) is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 1400.
1056:(AIM) is achieved by a series of 150 bullet games, 100 blitz games or 50 rapid games with a performance rating of over 1700.
772:
763:
717:
711:
632:
626:
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2235:
1570:
1344:
1152:
1503:
1330:
2760:
2240:
1416:
3510:
3459:
3169:
1692:"B. Permanent Commissions / 11. FIDE Online Arena Regulations / FIDE Titles for the Lower Rating Band / FIDE Handbook"
3055:
1610:
550:
became the youngest person ever to qualify for the Grandmaster title in July 2021. The record was previously held by
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3469:
3454:
3118:
3070:
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2723:
2401:
2245:
528:
490:
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3299:
3194:
3043:
3491:
3464:
3306:
2421:
2416:
2373:
2272:
1115:
641:
Winning (outright or shared) a Continental over 50 championship, over 65 championship, or under 20 championship
524:
459:
3028:
3600:
3130:
2795:
2141:
1158:
662:
3656:
3184:
3113:
2411:
2257:
2162:
2007:
1939:
571:
2825:
3651:
3316:
3239:
3125:
2507:
2230:
2189:
1971:
1087:
2820:
570:"International Master" redirects here. For the snooker tournament formerly known under this name, see
3033:
2970:
2929:
2890:
2672:
2662:
2592:
2406:
2337:
2262:
2147:
1946:
1562:
1144:
262:
77:
1372:
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3261:
3023:
3013:
2900:
2870:
2840:
2812:
2785:
2728:
2629:
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2557:
2512:
2225:
2167:
2042:
1990:
1985:
1912:
1870:
1691:
536:
453:
286:
274:
96:
61:
38:
1786:
1756:
3588:
3486:
3229:
3038:
2679:
2567:
2179:
2047:
658:
584:
Like the grandmaster title, the usual way to obtain the title is to achieve three required title
244:
226:
722:
Finishing second or third in a Continental over 50, over 65, under 20, or under 18 championship
30:
3571:
3444:
3256:
3214:
3145:
3097:
3080:
3060:
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1956:
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1189:
1162:
1072:
540:
214:
190:
154:
142:
92:
73:
65:
465:
The usual way to obtain the title is to achieve three Grandmaster-level performances (called
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3135:
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2865:
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2701:
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2634:
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1894:
1640:
869:, in keeping with her policy of playing only open competitions, never took a women's title.
678:
547:
256:
250:
220:
166:
148:
1213:
304:(qualifying standards) for FIDE titles. FIDE introduced a higher women only title, that of
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3018:
2993:
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2775:
2733:
2716:
2617:
2535:
2497:
2475:
2460:
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2368:
2327:
2322:
2201:
2184:
2024:
551:
208:
160:
136:
2800:
2711:
866:
555:
202:
1845:
1306:
734:
Finishing second or third in a Commonwealth, Francophone, or Ibero-American championship
3630:
3546:
3294:
3140:
3003:
2998:
2835:
2830:
2696:
2654:
2624:
2453:
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2218:
2211:
2196:
2157:
2152:
2079:
2074:
1919:
1863:
1282:
778:
768:
Finishing second or third in a Continental under 12, under 14, or under 16 championship
739:
726:
601:
484:
268:
238:
232:
34:
3666:
3645:
3605:
3595:
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3251:
3234:
3161:
3050:
3008:
2988:
2770:
2752:
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2706:
2639:
2562:
2547:
2502:
2485:
2480:
2470:
2302:
2064:
2002:
1723:
1566:
1379:
1368:
1148:
1125:
682:
559:
317:
81:
3625:
3551:
3536:
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3092:
3075:
2983:
2917:
2860:
2855:
2587:
2582:
2522:
2465:
2356:
2312:
2084:
2069:
2059:
1995:
1961:
1934:
1902:
1548:
1105:
746:
690:
585:
467:
458:
The title Grandmaster is awarded to outstanding chess players by FIDE. Apart from
301:
292:
69:
693:
of Argentina became the youngest-ever person to qualify for the IM title in 2024.
476:
three grandmasters, and must include players from a mix of national federations.
2905:
2895:
2644:
2607:
2490:
2101:
2096:
2054:
1907:
674:
178:
745:
The youngest player to gain the FM title by achieving an Elo rating of 2300 is
3541:
2602:
2438:
2428:
2361:
2345:
2037:
670:
666:
589:
472:
196:
184:
3556:
2885:
2845:
2448:
2443:
2332:
2307:
2032:
1474:
1394:
1348:
1181:
320:. These bodies work in cooperation with FIDE but are now independent of it.
88:
3434:
17:
1666:
1527:
1331:"BREAKING: Abhimanyu Mishra Becomes Youngest Grandmaster In Chess History"
84:
composition and chess problem solving are no longer administered by FIDE.
3244:
2530:
2292:
172:
1966:
1450:. Jefferson, North Carolina: Mcfarland and Company Holders. p. 1.
2108:
2433:
109:
1886:
731:
Winning a Continental under 12, under 14, or under 16 championship
650:
Winning a Commonwealth, Francophone or Ibero-American championship
578:
49:
29:
87:
A chess title, usually in an abbreviated form, may be used as an
3620:
1951:
1110:
1083:
FIDE also awards titles for arbiters, trainers, and organizers.
681:
of Russia all became Grandmasters without ever having been IMs.
53:
1859:
1345:"Faustino Oro Becomes Youngest Ever International Master At 10"
1809:"09. Regulations on Seminars & Title Award for Organizers"
1549:"Polgar, Judit FIDE Chess Profile - Players Arbiters Trainers"
1227:
1248:
1096:
The organizer title is FIDE International Organizer (FIO).
1850:
653:
Winning a World Championship for People with Disabilities
60:) for outstanding performance. The highest such title is
1855:
1840:
1417:"9-Year-Old Makes History As Youngest 2300 Player Ever"
638:
Finishing second or third in a Continental championship
1575:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 450.
927:
796:
327:
1469:
1467:
644:
Winning a Continental under 18 championship outright
577:
The title International Master is awarded to strong
3524:
3427:
3280:
3160:
3106:
2969:
2811:
2751:
2742:
2653:
2521:
2382:
2283:
2119:
2023:
1893:
738:The youngest player to be awarded the FM title is
1594:
1592:
1395:"7-Year-old Filipino Chess Player Has Big Dreams"
777:Scoring 50% or more over at least 7 games at an
725:Scoring 65% or more over at least 9 games at an
64:(GM). Titles generally require a combination of
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1186:The Rating of Chess Players, Past & Present
562:at 15 years, 6 months and 1 day for 33 years.
125:
1301:
1299:
1871:
1634:
1632:
1630:
310:International Correspondence Chess Federation
128:, known at the time simply as Woman Masters.
8:
1779:"07. Regulations for the Titles of Trainers"
1749:"06. Regulations for the Titles of Arbiters"
1075:, the official FIDE online gaming platform.
673:of Russia (2021) and former world champions
1642:Chess International Titleholders, 1950-2016
622:, in both the over 50 and over 65 divisions
512:outright, both in the 50+ and 65+ divisions
2748:
1878:
1864:
1856:
1121:List of grandmasters for chess composition
1841:World Chess Federation FIDE official site
1504:"Why are there so few candidate masters?"
762:Finishing first, second, or third in the
444:controls under FIDE-approved conditions.
121:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1136:
27:Title for chess players awarded by FIDE
773:World Youth Championship (U14 and U12)
718:World Youth Championship (U18 and U16)
712:World Youth Championship (U14 and U12)
647:Winning a sub-Continental championship
314:World Federation for Chess Composition
305:
1696:International Chess Federation (FIDE)
1479:International Chess Federation (FIDE)
1311:International Chess Federation (FIDE)
764:World Youth Championship (U8 and U10)
7:
689:At 10 years, 8 months, and 16 days,
554:at 12 years, 7 months for 19 years,
58:Fédération Internationale des Échecs
1079:Arbiters, trainers, and organizers
546:At 12 years, 4 months and 25 days,
1639:Gino Di Felice (16 January 2018).
25:
1448:Chess International Title Holders
890:Woman International Master (WIM)
771:Finishing second or third in the
716:Finishing second or third in the
625:Winning (outright or shared) the
618:Finishing second or third in the
612:Finishing second or third in the
48:are awarded by the international
3619:
3290:List of strong chess tournaments
1071:Arena titles can be achieved on
969:Arena International Master (AIM)
824:Woman International Master (WIM)
131:FIDE's first grandmasters were:
117:
2268:Gökyay Association Chess Museum
900:World Girls Junior Championship
883:World Girls Junior Championship
614:World Junior Championship (U20)
503:World Junior Championship (U20)
316:for both composing and solving
633:World Youth Championship (U16)
627:World Youth Championship (U18)
558:at 15 years and 4 months, and
1:
3388:Computer chess championships
1572:The Oxford Companion to Chess
1393:Larano, Cris (July 3, 2013).
1154:The Oxford Companion to Chess
931:Arena titles, September 2024
915:Woman Candidate Master (WCM)
800:Women's titles, October 2023
661:of the United States (1977),
483:Reaching the final 16 in the
1724:"FIDE Online Arena - Titles"
1600:"2019 FIDE Arbiters' Manual"
1090:(IA) and FIDE Arbiter (FA).
1005:Arena Candidate Master (ACM)
844:Woman Candidate Master (WCM)
588:over 27 or more games and a
515:Winning a Continental (e.g.
3170:Bishop and knight checkmate
1667:"FIDE Download Rating List"
1528:"FIDE Download Rating list"
126:Woman International Masters
3683:
3662:Awards established in 1950
3333:Other world championships
1645:. McFarland. pp. 1–.
1054:Arena International Master
608:Women's World Championship
569:
566:International Master (IM)
497:Women's World Championship
451:
331:Open titles, October 2023
3614:
3180:Opposite-coloured bishops
1397:. The Wall Street Journal
1333:. Chess.com. 4 July 2021.
930:
799:
620:World Senior Championship
510:World Senior Championship
369:International Master (IM)
330:
3307:World Chess Championship
2273:World Chess Hall of Fame
1188:, Arco, pp. 65–66,
1116:World Chess Championship
906:Woman FIDE Master (WFM)
873:Woman Grandmaster (WGM)
677:of the Soviet Union and
606:Finishing second in the
3601:Simultaneous exhibition
3511:Chess newspaper columns
3200:Rook and bishop vs rook
3190:Queen and pawn vs queen
1159:Oxford University Press
1086:The arbiter titles are
987:Arena FIDE Master (AFM)
951:Arena Grandmaster (AGM)
834:Woman FIDE Master (WFM)
814:Woman Grandmaster (WGM)
781:or other special events
491:Women's Chess World Cup
3056:Richter–Veresov Attack
3044:Queen's Indian Defence
1126:Chess problem § Titles
1066:Arena Candidate Master
792:
753:Candidate Master (CM)
572:British Open (snooker)
42:
3317:Candidates Tournament
3205:Rook and pawn vs rook
3175:King and pawn vs king
3126:List of chess gambits
3029:King's Indian Defence
2707:Isolated Queen's Pawn
2231:List of chess players
2173:Top player comparison
1972:Internet chess server
1446:Felice, Gino (2017).
1088:International Arbiter
405:Candidate Master (CM)
122:International Masters
33:
3034:Nimzo-Indian Defence
2930:Scandinavian Defense
2891:Semi-Italian Opening
2796:King's Indian Attack
2685:first-move advantage
2338:Threefold repetition
2263:Bobby Fischer Center
2148:Charlemagne chessmen
2142:Göttingen manuscript
1947:Correspondence chess
1508:Chess Stack Exchange
669:of the Netherlands,
99:Viswanathan Anand".
78:correspondence chess
3262:Two knights endgame
3014:Bogo-Indian Defence
2901:Two Knights Defense
2841:Nimzowitsch Defence
2531:Artificial castling
2168:Soviet chess school
2043:Dubrovnik chess set
1759:on 27 February 2019
600:Qualifying for the
537:Nona Gaprindashvili
454:Grandmaster (chess)
287:Savielly Tartakower
3492:endgame literature
3039:Old Indian Defense
2949:Accelerated Dragon
2821:Alekhine's Defence
2553:Checkmate patterns
2422:symbols in Unicode
2417:annotation symbols
2180:Geography of chess
2048:Staunton chess set
1819:on 26 January 2019
1789:on 30 January 2019
1249:"FIDE Rating list"
659:Larry Christiansen
245:Viacheslav Ragozin
95:may be styled as "
43:
3639:
3638:
3516:Chess periodicals
3445:Chess in the arts
3377:Chess composition
3215:Philidor position
3156:
3155:
3098:Trompowsky Attack
3081:Semi-Slav Defence
2971:Queen's Pawn Game
2851:Four Knights Game
2826:Caro–Kann Defence
2791:Zukertort Opening
2578:Discovered attack
2298:Cheating in chess
2135:Versus de scachis
1851:FIDE Online Arena
1652:978-1-4766-3361-9
1607:arbiters.fide.com
1457:978-1-4766-7132-1
1383:, 27 January 1979
1168:978-0-19-280049-7
1073:FIDE Online Arena
1060:Arena FIDE Master
1048:Arena Grandmaster
1041:
1040:
862:
861:
697:FIDE Master (FM)
541:Woman Grandmaster
448:Grandmaster (GM)
441:
440:
306:Woman Grandmaster
263:Friedrich Sämisch
215:Grigory Levenfish
155:Mikhail Botvinnik
143:Isaac Boleslavsky
93:Viswanathan Anand
74:fraud or cheating
16:(Redirected from
3674:
3626:Chess portal
3624:
3623:
3567:Leela Chess Zero
3498:Oxford Companion
3450:early literature
3440:Chess aesthetics
3185:Pawnless endgame
3136:Bongcloud Attack
3114:List of openings
3086:Chigorin Defense
3024:GrĂĽnfeld Defence
2935:Sicilian Defence
2881:Ponziani Opening
2876:Philidor Defence
2871:Petrov's Defence
2813:King's Pawn Game
2786:Larsen's Opening
2749:
2110:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1857:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1815:. Archived from
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1785:. Archived from
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1755:. Archived from
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1728:arena.myfide.net
1720:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1671:arena.myfide.net
1663:
1657:
1656:
1636:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1609:. Archived from
1604:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1485:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1428:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1390:
1384:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1341:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1279:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1212:. Archived from
1205:
1199:
1198:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1141:
928:
797:
679:Vladimir Kramnik
548:Abhimanyu Mishra
471:), along with a
387:FIDE Master (FM)
351:Grandmaster (GM)
328:
275:Gideon StĂĄhlberg
257:Akiba Rubinstein
251:Samuel Reshevsky
221:Andor Lilienthal
169:(Czechoslovakia)
149:Igor Bondarevsky
21:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3618:
3610:
3520:
3506:Chess libraries
3423:
3327:FIDE Grand Prix
3322:Chess World Cup
3276:
3272:Wrong rook pawn
3210:Lucena position
3152:
3102:
3019:Catalan Opening
2994:English Defence
2979:Budapest Gambit
2965:
2923:Austrian Attack
2807:
2776:English Opening
2738:
2734:School of chess
2717:Minority attack
2649:
2618:Queen sacrifice
2517:
2378:
2374:White and Black
2369:Touch-move rule
2328:Perpetual check
2323:Fifty-move rule
2279:
2115:
2112:
2019:
1889:
1884:
1837:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1722:
1721:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1602:
1598:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1533:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1512:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1483:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1426:
1424:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1367:
1363:
1354:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1280:
1263:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1228:"Titles - WFCC"
1226:
1225:
1221:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1161:, p. 156,
1143:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1102:
1081:
926:
917:
908:
892:
875:
795:
755:
699:
575:
568:
552:Sergey Karjakin
535:Beginning with
456:
450:
326:
298:
209:Alexander Kotov
161:David Bronstein
137:Ossip Bernstein
105:
91:. For example,
52:governing body
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3680:
3678:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3644:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3549:
3547:Chess composer
3544:
3539:
3534:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3494:
3489:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3442:
3437:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3402:North American
3399:
3394:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3295:Chess Olympiad
3292:
3286:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3146:Scholar's mate
3143:
3138:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3061:Queen's Gambit
3058:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3004:Benoni Defence
2999:Indian Defence
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2942:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2915:
2913:Owen's Defence
2910:
2909:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2843:
2838:
2836:Modern Defence
2833:
2831:French Defence
2828:
2823:
2817:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2798:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2766:Bird's Opening
2763:
2757:
2755:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2697:Pawn structure
2694:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2541:Alekhine's gun
2533:
2527:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2463:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2454:Half-open file
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2397:Chess notation
2394:
2388:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2354:
2352:Pawn promotion
2349:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2255:
2253:Women in chess
2250:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2228:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2163:Hypermodernism
2160:
2158:Romantic chess
2155:
2153:Lewis chessmen
2150:
2145:
2138:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1991:world rankings
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1979:
1969:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1920:Computer chess
1917:
1916:
1915:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1836:
1835:External links
1833:
1831:
1830:
1800:
1770:
1740:
1708:
1683:
1658:
1651:
1626:
1588:
1581:
1567:Whyld, Kenneth
1554:
1540:
1519:
1495:
1463:
1456:
1438:
1423:. June 8, 2023
1408:
1385:
1361:
1351:. 30 June 2024
1336:
1322:
1295:
1261:
1240:
1219:
1216:on 2009-10-28.
1210:"FIDE History"
1200:
1194:
1173:
1167:
1157:(2 ed.),
1149:Whyld, Kenneth
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1101:
1098:
1080:
1077:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1001:
1000:
995:
992:
989:
983:
982:
977:
974:
971:
965:
964:
959:
956:
953:
947:
946:
943:
940:
937:
933:
932:
925:
922:
916:
913:
907:
904:
891:
888:
874:
871:
860:
859:
854:
850:
849:
846:
840:
839:
836:
830:
829:
826:
820:
819:
816:
810:
809:
806:
802:
801:
794:
793:Women's titles
791:
783:
782:
775:
769:
766:
754:
751:
740:Alekhine Nouri
736:
735:
732:
729:
723:
720:
714:
698:
695:
655:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
629:
623:
616:
610:
604:
602:FIDE World Cup
567:
564:
533:
532:
531:) championship
513:
506:
499:
493:
487:
485:FIDE World Cup
460:World Champion
452:Main article:
449:
446:
439:
438:
433:
428:
423:
419:
418:
413:
410:
407:
401:
400:
395:
392:
389:
383:
382:
377:
374:
371:
365:
364:
359:
356:
353:
347:
346:
343:
340:
337:
333:
332:
325:
322:
318:chess problems
297:
296:
290:
284:
278:
272:
269:Vasily Smyslov
266:
265:(West Germany)
260:
254:
248:
242:
239:Miguel Najdorf
236:
233:Jacques Mieses
230:
224:
218:
212:
206:
200:
194:
191:Ernst GrĂĽnfeld
188:
182:
176:
170:
164:
158:
152:
146:
140:
133:
104:
101:
35:Magnus Carlsen
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3679:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3657:1950 in chess
3655:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3607:
3606:Solving chess
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3596:Chess prodigy
3594:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3579:Chess problem
3577:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3487:opening books
3485:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3476:
3475:short stories
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:Art and media
3426:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3240:triangulation
3238:
3236:
3235:Tarrasch rule
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Queen vs pawn
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:London System
3049:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:Modern Benoni
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2989:Dutch Defence
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2866:King's Gambit
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:Grob's Attack
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Dunst Opening
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:Benko Opening
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2753:Flank opening
2750:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2508:Transposition
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
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2226:Notable games
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1616:on 2019-09-24
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1369:Raymond Keene
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557:
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543:(WGM) title.
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82:chess problem
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55:
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40:
36:
32:
19:
3652:Chess titles
3552:Chess engine
3537:Chess boxing
3497:
3267:Wrong bishop
3119:theory table
3093:Torre Attack
3076:Slav Defence
2984:Colle System
2959:Scheveningen
2918:Pirc Defence
2861:Italian Game
2856:Giuoco Piano
2801:RĂ©ti Opening
2724:Piece values
2712:MarĂłczy Bind
2673:the exchange
2663:Compensation
2593:Interference
2583:Double check
2357:Time control
2344:
2318:by agreement
2246:grandmasters
2190:South Africa
2140:
2133:
2109:Score sheets
2055:Chess pieces
1962:Online chess
1908:Chess titles
1903:Chess theory
1821:. Retrieved
1817:the original
1812:
1803:
1791:. Retrieved
1787:the original
1782:
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1757:the original
1752:
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1727:
1699:. Retrieved
1695:
1686:
1676:September 1,
1674:. Retrieved
1670:
1661:
1641:
1618:. Retrieved
1611:the original
1606:
1571:
1557:
1543:
1532:. Retrieved
1522:
1511:. Retrieved
1507:
1498:
1489:
1482:. Retrieved
1478:
1447:
1441:
1432:
1425:. Retrieved
1420:
1411:
1399:. Retrieved
1388:
1378:
1373:
1364:
1353:. Retrieved
1339:
1325:
1314:. Retrieved
1310:
1287:. Retrieved
1253:. Retrieved
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1222:
1214:the original
1203:
1185:
1176:
1153:
1139:
1106:Chess titles
1095:
1092:
1085:
1082:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1015:
1004:
997:
986:
979:
968:
961:
950:
924:Arena titles
918:
909:
896:
893:
879:
876:
867:Judit Polgár
863:
856:
843:
833:
823:
813:
787:
784:
756:
747:Faustino Oro
744:
737:
710:Winning the
704:
700:
691:Faustino Oro
688:
656:
631:Winning the
595:
583:
576:
556:Judit Polgár
545:
534:
517:Pan American
508:Winning the
501:Winning the
495:Winning the
489:Winning the
478:
466:
464:
457:
442:
435:
430:
425:
415:
404:
397:
386:
379:
368:
361:
350:
299:
295:(Yugoslavia)
293:Milan Vidmar
281:László Szabó
227:GĂ©za MarĂłczy
205:(Yugoslavia)
203:Boris Kostić
130:
118:Grandmasters
113:
112:from German
106:
86:
57:
45:
44:
3482:Chess books
3282:Tournaments
3141:Fool's mate
2906:Vienna Game
2896:Scotch Game
2729:Prophylaxis
2645:Zwischenzug
2630:Undermining
2598:Overloading
2558:Combination
2407:descriptive
2102:Chess table
2097:Chess clock
1913:Grandmaster
1823:10 December
1733:February 4,
1701:February 4,
1484:19 February
1233:February 4,
675:Mikhail Tal
590:FIDE rating
473:FIDE rating
324:Open titles
241:(Argentina)
179:Reuben Fine
114:GroĂźmeister
62:Grandmaster
46:FIDE titles
39:Grandmaster
18:FIDE Master
3646:Categories
3589:joke chess
3542:Chess club
3230:opposition
2692:Middlegame
2680:Initiative
2603:Pawn storm
2568:Deflection
2439:Key square
2429:Fianchetto
2362:Fast chess
2346:En passant
2038:chessboard
1620:2019-09-24
1534:2023-10-02
1513:2024-03-30
1401:August 31,
1355:2024-06-30
1316:2021-12-25
1289:2020-08-09
1285:. Fide.com
1255:2023-10-02
1182:Elo, Arpad
1132:References
671:Olga Girya
667:Anish Giri
665:of China,
197:Paul Keres
185:Salo Flohr
66:Elo rating
3572:Stockfish
3562:Deep Blue
3557:AlphaZero
3465:paintings
3257:Tablebase
3221:Strategy
3131:Irregular
2886:Ruy Lopez
2846:Open Game
2613:Sacrifice
2573:Desperado
2476:connected
2449:Open file
2444:King walk
2402:algebraic
2333:Stalemate
2308:Checkmate
2033:Chess set
2025:Equipment
1793:17 August
1763:17 August
1491:Olympiads
1421:Chess.Com
1349:Chess.com
1208:Wall, W.
283:(Hungary)
235:(England)
229:(Hungary)
193:(Austria)
124:, and 17
89:honorific
3631:Category
3584:glossary
3245:Zugzwang
3225:fortress
3162:Endgames
3071:Declined
3066:Accepted
2744:Openings
2702:Hedgehog
2668:Exchange
2655:Strategy
2635:Windmill
2486:isolated
2471:backward
2293:Castling
2236:amateurs
2129:Timeline
2003:Variants
1957:Glossary
1940:software
1925:glossary
1813:FIDE.com
1783:FIDE.com
1753:FIDE.com
1569:(1992).
1184:(1978),
1151:(1992),
1100:See also
779:olympiad
727:olympiad
663:Wang Hao
635:outright
521:European
505:outright
289:(France)
277:(Sweden)
259:(Poland)
173:Max Euwe
139:(France)
3532:Arbiter
3525:Related
3382:Solving
3372:Amateur
2954:Najdorf
2536:Battery
2523:Tactics
2498:Swindle
2481:doubled
2461:Outpost
2392:Blunder
2207:Armenia
2121:History
1967:Premove
1935:engines
1930:matches
1895:Outline
1551:. FIDE.
1434:months.
1427:June 3,
1374:Ovicide
529:African
103:History
3470:poetry
3460:novels
3435:CaĂŻssa
3367:Senior
3357:Junior
2945:Dragon
2940:Alapin
2625:Skewer
2491:passed
2434:Gambit
2241:female
2202:Europe
2185:Africa
2080:Knight
2075:Bishop
1649:
1579:
1530:. FIDE
1454:
1251:. FIDE
1192:
1165:
1022:Total
1009:1,087
991:1,663
973:1,174
945:Total
942:Women
936:Title
853:Total
838:1,892
808:Total
436:17,047
426:16,796
422:Total
409:2,356
391:8,775
373:3,893
355:1,772
345:Total
342:Women
336:Title
271:(USSR)
247:(USSR)
223:(USSR)
217:(USSR)
211:(USSR)
199:(USSR)
187:(USSR)
163:(USSR)
157:(USSR)
151:(USSR)
145:(USSR)
110:calque
3417:WCSCC
3362:Youth
3352:Blitz
3347:Rapid
3337:Women
3300:Women
3252:Study
3107:Other
2640:X-ray
2563:Decoy
2548:Block
2503:Tempo
2466:Pawns
2384:Terms
2303:Check
2285:Rules
2219:India
2212:Spain
2197:China
2090:Fairy
2065:Queen
1996:norms
1887:Chess
1614:(PDF)
1603:(PDF)
1036:4,650
1026:3,340
1016:1,213
998:1,799
980:1,215
857:3,958
805:Title
586:norms
579:chess
525:Asian
468:norms
416:2,378
398:8,829
380:4,027
362:1,813
302:norms
253:(USA)
181:(USA)
120:, 94
70:norms
50:chess
37:is a
3667:FIDE
3455:film
3412:WCCC
3407:TCEC
3397:CSVN
3342:Team
3312:List
2588:Fork
2513:Trap
2313:Draw
2085:Pawn
2070:Rook
2060:King
2008:List
1977:list
1952:FIDE
1825:2021
1795:2019
1765:2019
1735:2020
1703:2020
1678:2024
1647:ISBN
1577:ISBN
1486:2024
1452:ISBN
1429:2024
1403:2013
1235:2020
1190:ISBN
1163:ISBN
1111:FIDE
1012:126
994:136
955:416
939:Men
848:884
828:856
818:326
376:134
339:Men
68:and
54:FIDE
3392:CCC
2608:Pin
2412:PGN
1031:310
976:41
962:423
527:or
431:251
412:22
394:54
358:41
3648::
1811:.
1781:.
1751:.
1726:.
1711:^
1694:.
1669:.
1629:^
1605:.
1591:^
1565:;
1506:.
1488:.
1477:.
1466:^
1431:.
1419:.
1377:,
1371:,
1347:.
1309:.
1298:^
1264:^
1147:;
958:7
523:,
519:,
97:GM
80:,
2947:/
1879:e
1872:t
1865:v
1827:.
1797:.
1767:.
1737:.
1705:.
1680:.
1655:.
1623:.
1585:.
1537:.
1516:.
1460:.
1405:.
1358:.
1319:.
1292:.
1258:.
1237:.
574:.
56:(
41:.
20:)
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