209:
437:
1750:(WWMCCS) that outlined the NMCS in detail, to include the NMCC, ANMCC, NECPA, NEACP, and such other alternates as might be established, together with their interconnecting communications; and defined their relationship to the command and control "subsystems" of the service headquarters, the CINCs, and other DoD agencies. … The fixed underground ANMCC would be phased out as superfluous, whichever version was chosen, and the other NMCS facilities would be cut back to some degree according to one or the other.
511:
473:
561:
141:
550:
398:
522:
448:
1923:, software, display control elements, consoles and associated system support hardware at NORAD, SAC, the National Military Command Center (NMCC), and the Alternate National Military Command Center (ANMCC). Currently, data is received at each of the four CCPDS sites directly from the Satellite Early Warning System (SEWS) and directly from the PAVE PAWS sensor systems. The NMCC, ANMCC, and SAC also receive data indirectly from the
599:
484:
44:
409:
1097:
930:" with underground and mobile alternate command centers. An 8 March 1962 JCCDG plan for a 220,000 sq ft (20,000 m) addition to the JWR was too expensive, and the group postponed NMCC planning until WWMCCS planning was completed (a concept was complete in late March.) On 2 June 1962 Secretary McNamara issued a memorandum directing that the
1544:, capable of receiving the Chief of Staff and key officers. … on 1 October 1962…the underground facility…formerly designated the Alternate Joint Communications Center (AJCC), was renamed the Altername National Military Command Center (ANMCC). The term AJCC remained in use but now applied only to the Army-managed communications complex at the ANMCC site.
1746:(NMCS) composed of four major elements: the National Military Command Center (NMCC), an evolution of the JCS Joint War Room; the Alternate National Military Command Center (ANMCC), a redesignation of the JCS installation at the AJCC; and two mobile alternates, the NECPA and the NEACP. The following October he issued a DoD directive on the
935:
1962 revised the plan which SECDEF approved in early July. September refinements in the plan were approved by SECDEF on 17 October in DOD Directive S-5100.30, which conceived the WWMMCCS with five types of C systems with the NMCS to serve the president/SECDEF/JCS as the primary type of system and containing the NMCC, the ANMCC, 3
208:
1574:
ALERT NETWORK NUMBER 1 On 1 July 1958, a new Alert # 1 network was placed in operation (the old network was to remain in operation as a back-up until 1 August 1958). The new network connected NORAD on 1 July 1958 with 33 Stations that required air defense alert and warning information. This included
934:
be put into operation, and a committee under the director of the Office of
Emergency Planning recommended on 11 June 1962 that the NMCS include civilian executive departments for emergencies. The JCS approved the NMCS plan on 19 June, and the Joint Command Control Requirements Group formed in June
1918:
and key military commanders across a broad spectrum of planning and operational activities from day-to-day and crisis operations to conventional and nuclear war. The use of this information system, involving 83 Honeywell 6000-series CPUs at 26 sites. … Command Center
Processing and Display System
913:
and SAC 465L programs to pre-battle systems approved a Post-Attack
Command Control System (PACCS) for SAC and a Backup Interceptor Control (BUIC) system for ADC and NORAD". The Raven Rock JACE "was activated on 11 July 1961 under USAF Brig. Gen. Willard W. Smith staffs permanently stationed in
853:, as 1 of 29 transmit/receive stations (a differing "worldwide telephone system" was complete "from national authorities to unified commanders" by December 1958.) Starting in August 1959 "with USAF assistance JCS set up its own Joint War Room (JWR)" at the Pentagon. In September 1960 at the
1939:) as well as SEWS and PAVE PAWS data by way of NORAD. In 1977, HQ USAF approved the acquisition of UNIVAC 1100/42s to replace the original UNIVAC 1106s at the four CCPDS sites as a means of satisfying the increased processing requirements generated by additional and improved warning systems.
791:, Colorado, would be assessed, and suspicion or confirmation of attack would be relayed to the AFCP and SAC headquarters. The "Pentagon would pass the warning to the President, the Secretary of Defense, and the JCS"; and the SOCS allowed "relay their orders to the combat forces".
926:"The National Command and Control Task Force, headed by General Partridge, submitted its findings on 14 November 1961" (Partridge Report), which recommended "the Joint War Room become the National Military Command Center (NMCC)"—it was "to become the nerve center of a
308:. Each team typically has 17–20 personnel on duty performing a wide variety of functions including communications. Teams are led by a deputy director for operations (DDO) and an assistant deputy director for operations (ADDO), and are divided into five
951:
The NMCC was begun in early 1962 (opened early
October) when the JCS area with the Joint War Room was expanded from ~7,000 sq ft (650 m) to ~21,000 sq ft (2,000 m) by 1965 (the Pentagon's "Navy Flag Plot" coordinated the
2023:
960:(DUCC) could be completed below the Pentagon (never built). In December 1963 "SAC accepted the first 465L elements and began to send a limited flow of traffic through them." The NMCC had "direct communications with
366:
manages the operations of the information system facilities and maintains operational control of the Crisis
Management Automated Data Processing System for the National Military Command Center.
822:. ADC built a new Ent AFB blockhouse in 1954 and "in August 1955 OSD approved the 'automatic' activation of the AJCC on the declaration of air defense warning or notice of surprise attack.
1570:
Buss, L. H. (Director) (1 October 1958). North
American Air Defense Command Historical Summary: January–June 1958 (Report). Directorate of Command History: Office of Information Services.
1964:
1557:
Sturm, Thomas A. (August 1966). The Air Force and the
Worldwide Military Command and Control System, 1961–1965 (Report). Historical Division Liaison Office, US Air Force. pp. 70–71.
1595:) were receive-only stations. …the new system…gave NORAD the ability to tell which station received its alert messages and which did not. The new system also had two master stations --
862:
2003:
877:(JWR) consoles became operational in November 1960 and on December 21, the AFCP reverted to a USAF mission when its "joint and national responsibilities" ended. The September 1960
833:
designated the AFCP as the "national air defense warning center", and Raven Rock's scope "was broadened in April 1957 activation prior to emergency if JCS thought it necessary."
2018:
865:.) On 20 October 1960, the JCS "instructed the Joint Staff to establish a Joint Alternate Command Element (JACE)" for rotating battle staffs to the AJCC for temporary duty.
328:. In the event that the president convenes a conference with advisors to discuss options for launching a nuclear strike, the DDO would be a key participant in the meeting.
2013:
1955:
767:
Moved to a "more permanent" Pentagon facility in early 1951, the 2nd AFCP location had "a communications center war room, which prepared status displays" (an "Emergency
61:
1386:
1888:
1684:
1907:
1747:
292:(EAMs) to missile launch control centers, nuclear submarines, recon aircraft, and battlefield commanders worldwide. It maintains the American end of the famous
1060:) goes to the NMCC and convinces the DDO to get him on the US-Russian hotline, trying to stop an all-out nuclear confrontation between the two nuclear powers.
669:
1915:
1297:
237:
161:
1375:
1078:
campaign mission "U.S.S.D" and zombies map "Five" take place in the war room of the
Pentagon, appearing almost identical to the real-life counterpart.
353:
936:
633:
which links the
Pentagon and the Kremlin. Data into the NMCC includes the warning "on the size, origin, and targeting of an attack" (e.g., from the
1607:. This feature permitted the ALCOP to continue operations of the network and carry on with the alert procedures should NORAD become a war casualty.
830:
1924:
940:
915:
108:
897:(NCS) framework "encompassing all federal assets" including approximately "79 major relay stations scattered around the globe" (cf. the NORAD
914:
Washington and an administrative section at Ft. Ritchie" (rotations began in
October 1961), and development of the USAF's "separate, austere
80:
1241:
661:
638:
1337:
1188:
1134:
87:
24:
1540:
By 1959, the services as well as JCS regarded Raven Rock as their primary emergency deployment center. For the Air Force, it served as
1144:
733:
229:
169:
1854:
1821:
1773:
1707:
1473:
1266:
890:
313:
225:
127:
1387:
https://www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Portals/55/Career/Detailing/Flag/March%202024%20Roster%20Public.pdf?ver=_RcWhZB_Ln3fuLVZ5g4hjQ%3d%3d
1000:
94:
1892:
1743:
931:
927:
882:
829:
In July 1956 in the Pennsylvania bunker, a joint "War Room Annex was established" and was operated by the Air Force. In 1955 the
885:
Report 50 recommended "interlocking the various fixed command posts" into a "coupled command system" with mobile centers and a "
957:
780:
665:
348:
The more than 300 people in the NMCC have responsibilities that are operational in nature. The NMCC is not funded through the
1928:
1019:
894:
685:
629:
The NMCC includes several war rooms, uses more than 300 operational personnel, and houses the United States side of the 1963
233:
165:
76:
65:
630:
293:
560:
713:
697:
189:
176:
as the "DoD Executive Agent" for NMCC logistical, budgetary, facility, and systems support; the NMCC operators are in the
705:
363:
909:(Partridge Report) was completed on 14 November 1961. After developmental cost overruns, "OSD in mid-1961 changed both
317:
1795:
Wainstein, L.-Project Leader (June 1975). The Evolution of U.S. Strategic Command and Control and Warning, 1945-1972:
1588:
1119:
1051:
325:
220:
walk from the Pentagon's National Military Command Center where they received operational briefings on March 23, 2003.
173:
28:
521:
1376:
https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2023/september/marine-corps-general-officers-and-senior-enlisted-leaders
1139:
858:
854:
441:
20:
1398:
996:
54:
1911:
1461:
1015:
992:
898:
846:
768:
737:
554:
360:
289:
185:
811:
1592:
1124:
815:
724:
The Air Force Command Post (AFCP) was "hastily set up" on June 25, 1950, to replace the 1948 war room when the
447:
436:
32:
977:
101:
1129:
1074:
850:
741:
634:
515:
321:
197:
1639:
1312:
771:
Actions Office incorporated into the command post early in 1952"). Alternate AFCP sites in 1951 were at
677:
335:
Current Operations Section (two senior operations officers (SOO) and one current operations officer (COO))
753:
2008:
1043:
902:
878:
807:
701:
689:
681:
657:
510:
494:
356:; whereas DoD Executive Agent provides logistical, budgetary, facility and systems support to the NMCC.
1579:. Only 29 of the stations operating on 1 July were both transmit and receive stations, the other four (
1576:
1362:
533:
456:
1580:
953:
263:
549:
472:
140:
1604:
1064:
910:
784:
728:
began. On the Pentagon's floor, the AFCP served "as a reception point for radio messages between
1245:
397:
1596:
991:
additional NMCC expansion enlarged it to ~30,000 sq ft (2,800 m) and included the
477:
408:
402:
217:
1956:
Trump Said He Found The Greatest Room He'd Ever Seen Deep In The Pentagon, Here's What He Meant
1740:(1961-1967) (Report). Vol. Study S-467. Institute for Defense Analyses. pp. 267–370.
709:
1850:
1817:
1769:
1703:
1626:(1954-1960) (Report). Vol. Study S-467. Institute for Defense Analyses. pp. 139–266.
1622:
Moriarty, J. K. (June 1975). The Evolution of U.S. Strategic Command and Control and Warning:
1469:
1291:
1227:
1069:
film has a scene set in an imaginative representation of the National Military Command Center.
981:
886:
745:
420:
281:
193:
1341:
1192:
1431:(1945-1953) (Report). Vol. Study S-467. Institute for Defense Analyses. pp. 1–138.
1427:
Wainstein, L. (June 1975). The Evolution of U.S. Strategic Command and Control and Warning:
1114:
842:
572:
256:
1600:
1525:
1736:
Ponturo, J. (June 1975). The Evolution of U.S. Strategic Command and Control and Warning:
1273:
1213:
1037:
819:
749:
729:
181:
1465:
1446:
999:(WIN) developed from a 1971–77 experimental program with testing and use by the JCS. The
740:
after-duty hours." After a direct telephone line was installed in mid-July 1950 between
483:
1881:
1637:
Sturm, Thomas A. (Summer 1969). Emergence of the Air Force Command and Control System.
213:
1655:
Irvin, William D (November 1961). "Defense Communications Agency, A Progress Report".
1167:
1100:
598:
1997:
1447:
Emerging Shield: The Air Force and the Evolution of Continental Air Defense 1945-1960
841:
collocated command center operations in the 1954 ADC blockhouse (later into the 1963
1799:(Report). Vol. Study S-467. Institute for Defense Analyses. pp. xi–xxviii.
810:
was "operated by the Air Force as an adjunct to the AFCP" and received reports from
748:
HQ ("the beginning of the Air Force air raid warning system"); in August "President
1765:
One Minute to Midnight: Kennedy, Khrushchev, and Castro on the Brink of Nuclear War
653:
309:
305:
157:
1844:
1811:
1763:
1697:
1920:
1584:
1057:
1011:
965:
776:
772:
761:
693:
642:
349:
267:
177:
43:
976:
The WWMCCS "ADP upgrade program" included 1972 computer installations (e.g., 2
338:
Emergency Action Element (three senior emergency actions officers, EAO, EA NCO)
1932:
1699:
The World Wide Military Command and Control System evolution and effectiveness
1526:
The Air Force and The Worldwide Military Command and Control System: 1961–1965
1109:
956:
blockade.) The NMCC was initially considered an "interim" location until the
857:
the "installation of a SAC display warning system" included 3 consoles in the
725:
1979:
1966:
1023:
332:
Leadership (one DDO and one assistant deputy director for operations (ADDO))
716:(SOCS) with telephones and teletype was "fully installed by 1 May 1950".)
700:"war room" was established in the Pentagon ("operational early in 1948").
16:
Main war rooms for the President and Secretary of Defense in the Pentagon
1671:
Chapter 2: Defense Communications Agency and System (Report). Figure 11.
1363:"Brigadier General Mark J. Hovatter - General Officer Management Office"
788:
1935:, and the Perimeter Acquisition Radar Attack Characterization System (
1311:
Merrill, Dave; Syeed, Nafeesa; Harris, Brittany (September 7, 2016).
1313:"To Launch a Nuclear Strike, President Trump Would Take These Steps"
995:(JOPREP) system. In 1977, the NMCC was 1 of 6 initial sites of the
1936:
838:
673:
207:
139:
1575:
such agencies as major commands, air divisions, regions, and the
1014:" for console and large screen displays. By 1981 as part of the
288:
When directed by the NCA, the NMCC is responsible for generating
961:
757:
2024:
Command and control in the United States Department of Defense
1451:
1214:"'The Pentagon Goes to War': National Military Command Center"
593:
37:
559:
520:
482:
407:
907:
Final Report of the National Command and Control Task Force
228:
in his role as the principal military advisor to both the
676:
air defense was based on warning data compiled by local
610:
849:). On July 1, 1958, the AFCP was connected to NORAD's
184:
Directorate. "The NMCC is responsible for generating
1242:"National Military Command Center Documents- NSA/CSS"
1882:
Modernization of the WWMCCS Information System (WIS)
1846:
Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers
344:
Supporting Sections (approximately 8–10 individuals)
1910:(WWMCCS), is the nucleus of a dynamic and evolving
1685:
Chapter 2: Defense Communications Agency and System
1089:
639:
Crisis Management Automated Data Processing Systems
68:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1742:In February , the Secretary of Defense approved a
224:The NMCC has three main missions, all serving the
1018:(WIS), the NMCC received data "directly from the
304:The NMCC is operated by five teams on a rotating
1891:, US House of Representatives. 19 January 1981.
1876:
1874:
1872:
1162:
1160:
708:(ACAN) in 1946 until switching to the 1949 USAF
893:(NDCCC) opened on March 6, 1961 as part of the
1816:. Random House Publishing Group. p. 362.
891:National Defense Communications Control Center
2004:Continuity of government in the United States
1908:Worldwide Military Command and Control System
1748:Worldwide Military Command and Control System
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
943:ships, "and interconnecting communications".
8:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1003:(CCPDS) replaced NMCC UNIVAC 1106 computers
1001:Command Center Processing and Display System
712:"command teletype network" (the independent
1919:(CCPDS) This system consists of dedicated
1680:
1678:
1617:
1615:
1440:
1438:
33:other U.S. continuity of government bunkers
2019:Military command and control installations
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
799:At the Pentagon, an annex was established
160:command and communications center for the
2014:United States nuclear command and control
779:(secondary). Radar tracks from the 1952
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
1849:. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 68.
656:Pentagon construction allowed a central
373:
1559:(cited by Wainstein p. 119 footnote 14)
1156:
643:J-3 Command Systems Operations Division
1925:Ballistic Missile Early Warning System
1898:from the original on December 24, 2013
1702:. DIANE Publishing. 2000. p. 36.
1296:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1289:
1086:
916:Post-Attack Command and Control System
29:the Alternate NMCC (Raven Rock bunker)
1931:(SLBM) Detection and Warning System,
284:launches and other nuclear activity).
248:which may be of defense significance.
226:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
7:
939:aircraft on 24-hour ground alert, 2
714:Strategic Operational Control System
66:adding citations to reliable sources
1135:National Airborne Operations Center
964:headquarters in Saigon" during the
706:Army Command and Administrative Net
680:information centers for processing
364:Command Systems Operations Division
244:The primary task of the NMCC is to
25:National Airborne Operations Center
1643:(Report). Vol. 1. p. 42.
1228:"Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst"
1145:National Defense Management Center
1047:both depict the Pentagon war room.
312:positions: The DDO is typically a
170:United States Secretary of Defense
77:"National Military Command Center"
14:
1572:Directorate of Command History "
1524:Sturm, Thomas A. (August 1966) .
389:
296:(the so-called "red telephone").
1744:National Military Command System
1095:
928:National Military Command System
597:
548:
509:
471:
446:
435:
396:
150:National Military Command Center
42:
1887:(Report). Vol. AdA095409.
958:Deep Underground Command Center
781:Permanent System radar stations
684:and radar tracks to coordinate
200:, and battlefield commanders".
53:needs additional citations for
1929:Sea-Launched Ballistic Missile
1768:. Vintage Books. p. 228.
1020:Satellite Early Warning System
895:National Communications System
686:ground-controlled interception
320:, and the ADDO is typically a
190:missile launch control centers
166:President of the United States
1:
1056:(2002), Jack Ryan (played by
1022:(SEWS) and directly from the
1004:
985:
918:(PACCS)" began in July 1961.
800:
641:are under the control of the
635:NORAD/NORTHCOM Command Center
1916:National Command Authorities
997:WWMCCS Intercomputer Network
1645:(cited by Wainstein p. 119)
1462:Office of Air Force History
1120:Raven Rock Mountain Complex
993:Joint Operational Reporting
720:1950 Air Force Command Post
704:began using the telephonic
354:Department of the Air Force
174:Department of the Air Force
2040:
1542:Headquarters USAF Advanced
1445:Schaffel, Kenneth (1991).
1140:White House Situation Room
859:Offutt AFB nuclear bunkers
855:Offutt AFB nuclear bunkers
812:Joint Coordination Centers
341:Surveillance (one Officer)
238:National Command Authority
162:National Command Authority
21:White House Situation Room
18:
1912:WWMCCS Information System
1593:Presidio at San Francisco
1094:
1016:WWMCCS Information System
863:1958 Bare Mountain bunker
847:Cheyenne Mountain Complex
831:National Security Council
631:Moscow–Washington hotline
491:Rear Admiral (lower half)
318:rear admiral (lower half)
290:Emergency Action Messages
278:strategic watch component
253:crisis response component
216:and Secretary of Defense
186:Emergency Action Messages
1921:UNIVAC 1100/42 computers
1889:Armed Services Committee
1589:ADCC (Blue Ridge Summit)
1125:Continuity of government
1101:floor plans & photos
1012:UNIVAC 1100/42 computers
816:Buckinghamshire, England
370:List of deputy directors
246:monitor worldwide events
19:Not to be confused with
1813:The Pentagon: A History
1130:Operation Looking Glass
1075:Call of Duty: Black Ops
820:Pershing Heights, Tokyo
795:1953 JCS Pentagon annex
758:Air Force Pentagon post
255:(e.g., response to the
1547:(quotation from p. 18)
851:Alert Network Number 1
756:installed between the
678:Aircraft Warning Corps
565:
526:
487:
413:
221:
145:
1980:38.87111°N 77.05556°W
1843:Ellsberg, D. (2002).
1189:"DoD Executive Agent"
881:and the October 1960
826:1956 Raven Rock annex
808:Joint Chiefs of Staff
754:direct telephone line
744:headquarters and the
702:Strategic Air Command
690:Battle of Los Angeles
658:military installation
563:
524:
486:
411:
211:
172:). Maintained by the
143:
1661:(Cited by Chapter 2)
1640:Aerospace Commentary
1170:. GlobalSecurity.org
1147:(Russian equivalent)
1053:The Sum of All Fears
984:355 computers") and
954:Cuban Missile Crisis
668:to communicate with
266:, the attack on the
264:September 11 attacks
251:The NMCC also has a
230:Secretary of Defense
62:improve this article
1985:38.87111; -77.05556
1976: /
1958:" (January 3, 2019)
1605:Richards-Gebaur AFB
922:1961 NCC Task Force
889:". The subsequent
869:1960 Joint War Room
785:Air Defense Command
692:). As requested by
564:Robert J. Schreiner
294:U.S.–Russia hotline
236:(also known as the
1810:Vogel, S. (2008).
1762:Dobbs, M. (2009).
1030:In popular culture
879:Winter Study Group
787:command center at
736:commanders during
609:. You can help by
566:
527:
495:Frank A. Rhodes IV
488:
414:
280:(e.g., monitoring
222:
218:Donald H. Rumsfeld
194:nuclear submarines
146:
1914:which serves the
1797:Executive Summary
1577:USAF Command Post
1458:General Histories
1399:"Jason E. Bailey"
1338:"Executive Agent"
1106:
1105:
1026:sensor systems".
887:bomb alarm system
746:26th Air Division
627:
626:
587:
586:
569:Brigadier General
530:Brigadier General
453:Brigadier General
442:U.S. Marine Corps
417:Brigadier General
314:brigadier general
282:ballistic missile
144:The NMCC in 1976.
138:
137:
130:
112:
2031:
1991:
1990:
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1986:
1981:
1977:
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1969:
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1581:TAC Headquarters
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1395:
1389:
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1359:
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1350:
1349:
1340:. Archived from
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1278:
1272:. Archived from
1271:
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1254:
1253:
1244:. Archived from
1238:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1191:. Archived from
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1164:
1115:Nuclear football
1099:
1098:
1087:
1010:with "dedicated
1009:
1006:
990:
989: mid-1972,
987:
843:Chidlaw Building
805:
802:
682:GOC observations
670:theater commands
622:
619:
601:
594:
573:Robert Schreiner
555:U.S. Space Force
552:
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461:(Team Three)
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79: –
78:
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73:Find sources:
67:
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51:This article
49:
45:
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39:
34:
30:
26:
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2009:The Pentagon
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1193:the original
1183:
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1073:
1066:Transformers
1065:
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972:1972 upgrade
950:
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654:World War II
652:
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611:adding to it
606:
571:
538:(Team Five)
532:
493:
455:
425:(Team Four)
419:
358:
347:
326:Navy captain
310:duty officer
306:watch system
303:
300:Organization
287:
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258:
252:
245:
223:
153:
149:
147:
124:
115:
105:
98:
91:
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60:Please help
55:verification
52:
1983: /
1942:(pdf p. 64)
1585:Sandia Base
1568:Preface by
1168:"title tbd"
1058:Ben Affleck
1008: 1977
966:Vietnam War
777:Maxwell AFB
773:Langley AFB
762:White House
694:Gen. Spaatz
590:Description
577:(Team One)
499:(Team Two)
350:Joint Staff
178:Joint Staff
164:(i.e., the
1998:Categories
1971:77°03′20″W
1968:38°52′16″N
1933:COBRA DANE
1902:2012-08-29
1862:2015-02-11
1829:2015-02-11
1781:2015-02-11
1738:Part Three
1715:2015-02-11
1591:, and the
1535:2014-05-15
1481:2011-09-26
1464:. p.
1460:(Report).
1348:2012-01-04
1322:October 7,
1283:2013-06-06
1252:2010-05-15
1199:2015-02-11
1174:2013-05-31
1152:References
1110:Gold Codes
730:Vandenberg
726:Korean War
580:July 2024
541:June 2024
428:June 2024
212:President
188:(EAMs) to
88:newspapers
1927:(BMEWS),
1317:Bloomberg
1063:The 2007
1044:Fail Safe
1024:PAVE PAWS
769:Air Staff
738:Air Staff
710:AIRCOMNET
618:June 2013
478:U.S. Navy
464:May 2023
403:U.S. Army
380:Portrait
268:USS
234:President
118:July 2007
1893:Archived
1624:Part Two
1599:and the
1531:(Report)
1429:Part One
1292:cite web
1083:See also
982:Data Net
911:the SAGE
837:In 1957
760:and the
732:and his
660:for the
421:Adam Ake
259:USS Cole
232:and the
168:and the
158:Pentagon
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806:by the
789:Ent AFB
649:History
377:Branch
322:colonel
270:Liberty
204:Mission
156:) is a
102:scholar
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1657:Signal
1472:
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818:, and
752:had a
750:Truman
672:, and
276:And a
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1687:p. 19
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1597:NORAD
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1270:(PDF)
941:NECPA
937:NEACP
901:427M
899:CMC's
861:(cf.
839:NORAD
742:CONAC
688:(cf.
674:CONUS
383:Name
109:JSTOR
95:books
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1851:ISBN
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1770:ISBN
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1324:2020
1298:link
1072:The
1041:and
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932:NMCS
883:WSEG
873:The
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664:and
662:Navy
154:NMCC
148:The
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1466:133
1452:pdf
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