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131:"..that if need be, we should certainly represent to the Turks that an institution which had been brought into existence as a direct result of their own initiative and representations ought not to be excluded from concessions. But when occasion arose for me to support the Bank's claims I should do what I could to encourage co-operation with French finance."
123:"... we had no interest in Sir Ernest Cassel's Bank. The Turks had taken the initiative and had arranged the matter independently with Sir Ernest Cassel... I had certainly supported the scheme to the extent of encouraging Sir Henry Babington Smith to accept Sir Ernest Cassel's offer. The selection had been made by Sir Ernest Cassel himself."
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which, according to the
Foreign Office was "not initiated or suggested by us, and is carried out independently of us". Cassel, who was to have been involved in the Ottoman Society, also turned out to be involved with NBT, later bringing in Henderson and then Revelstoke. The Foreign office was kept informed at all stages and
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leading to an attempt to improve the
British position via the creation of a new Anglo-French financial enterprise, the Ottoman Society. Progress was slow due to French reluctance to dilute their competitive position and then overtaken by news in late 1908 of the proposed National Bank of Turkey (NBT)
176:, who had the Persian oil concession since 1901, also sought a concession in Mesopotamia and by 1907, were in the running due to the German side having been lax in procedure. The same year,
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Pasha and
Calouste Gulbenkian to form NBT, as evidenced by a letter of 7 December 1908 that included an NBT prospectus, from Frederick Lane (shipping broker, Rothschilds’ agent and
345:
279:
Marian Kent (1975). Agent of Empire? The
National Bank of Turkey and British Foreign Policy. The Historical Journal, 18, pp 367-389 doi:10.1017/ S0018246X00023736
300:
Jonathan Conlin (2016): Debt, diplomacy and dreadnoughts: the
National Bank of Turkey, 1909–1919, Middle Eastern Studies, DOI: 10.1080/00263206.2015.1124418
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and when asked whether the
Foreign Office intended to give exclusive support to Cassel's Bank in obtaining concessions at Constantinople, Grey replied:
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On 19 March 1914, the
British and German governments signed an agreement whereby the interest of NBT in TPC was transferred to APOC.
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John Burman
Politics and Profit:The National Bank of Turkey Revisited Oriens (Brill) Vol.37 (2009) pp = 225-236 jstor= 25759078
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had mineral and oil exploration rights in a 20 km strip either side of the proposed route from Konia to the
Persian Gulf.
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as
President of NBT, later saying in a memorandum of an interview with a member of the London Committee of the Ottoman Bank:
214:(BTC), an investment bank that had been created in 1917 to support the war effort. BTC in turn merged in 1926-1927 with the
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192:(APOC). More interested parties and more schemes appeared on the scene, though by 1912, nothing had really changed.
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184:, everybody had to start over. In 1908, D'Arcy incorporated as D'Arcy Exploration Co. and transferred
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Marian Kent 1976 Oil & Empire:British Policy and Mesopotamian Oil 1900-1920 Macmillan Press
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Earle, Edward Meade (1924) The Turkish Petroleum Company:A Study in Oleaginous Diplomacy,
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180:(RDS) opened a Constantinople office, run by Gulbenkian. In 1908, following the
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in Turkey founded in 1909. The majority capital came from founding shareholders
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in 1904; in Constantinople, the French financiers were predominant through the
90:. The initial impetus for the bank's creation came about as a result of the
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During 1912, Gulbenkian was setting the foundation for a new scheme, the
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222:. What remained of the NBT was eventually wound up in 1931.
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later in 1909 played a part in securing the services of
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346:1909 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
210:In 1918-1919 the NBT was acquired by the
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65:Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
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218:(established in 1863) to form the
102:Britain and France had signed the
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33:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
351:1931 disestablishments in Turkey
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98:Background of British Interests
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361:Economy of the Ottoman Empire
188:in Mesopotamia and Persia to
152:associate) to Hugo Loudon of
371:Banks disestablished in 1931
327:Political Science Quarterly
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356:Banks established in 1909
329:, vol 39, no.2,pp.265-279
212:British Trade Corporation
197:Turkish Petroleum Company
190:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
170:Anatolian Railway Company
220:Anglo-International Bank
63:Not to be confused with
46:may contain suggestions.
31:may need to be rewritten
366:Defunct banks of Turkey
88:Sir Alexander Henderson
72:National Bank of Turkey
133:
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182:Young Turk revolution
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117:Henry Babington Smith
108:Imperial Ottoman Bank
92:Young Turk Revolution
247:Deutsche Orientbank
242:Banque de Salonique
216:Anglo-Austrian Bank
164:In the early 1900s
206:Later Developments
186:all his oil claims
178:Royal Dutch Shell
154:Royal Dutch Shell
80:Sir Ernest Cassel
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35:quality standards
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160:Mesopotamian Oil
104:Entente Cordiale
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29:This article
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237:Ottoman Bank
232:Mehmed Cavid
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146:Boghos Nubar
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40:You can help
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142:Young Turks
113:Edward Grey
340:Categories
258:References
150:Gulbenkian
144:had asked
44:talk page
226:See also
136:Founding
52:May 2024
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74:was a
42:. The
253:Notes
311:ISBN
140:The
86:and
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