Anglo-Austrian Bank

239: 498: 48: 805:

technically in existence through the remainder of the 1930s, although it did not generate any new business or revenue streams. In 1943, the Bank of England put the loss since 1927 from its support of Anglo-International Bank, including share purchases, at around £1.6 million. A year later, the Bank of England transferred all of its Anglo holdings, along with what little debt remained, to Glyn, Mills & Co., which placed the assets in a specially formed trust called Continental Assets Realization Trust Ltd. Formally, the Anglo-International Bank remained licensed until 1951, and was only finally liquidated in 1962. To protect trademark rights, a shell company has existed since 1963, which indicates its origin in the Anglo-Austrian Bank founded in 1863.

470: 179: 793:

proceedings could not be initiated because Hajdu, like most of the other responsible board members, had fled abroad and a voluntary return to Austria was not to be expected. No investigations were initiated against the members of the Supervisory Board of Anglo-International Bank, Bark and Niemeyer. They helped Creditanstalt get a generous bridging loan from the Bank of England. The preliminary proceedings against Zoltan Hajdu were also discontinued in November 1933. He remained on the board of directors of the Anglo-International Bank until 1938 and bought another property in Hungary for 500,000 schillings. Hajdu was even able to keep his villa in Vienna, from where he managed the business of the Anglo-International Bank in Yugoslavia.

626:

no longer a universal bank, but rather lent to other banks abroad. Neither the sale of the Austrian business nor the merger involved any consultation of the Austrian ordinary shareholders, who learned about the transactions from the newspapers. Only in January 1927 was an extraordinary general assembly convened, which completed the elimination of the retail shareholders from representation on the bank’s board of directors. The previous shareholders only received one share in Anglo-International Bank for four shares in Anglo-Austrian Bank; there was no vote on the conversion. According to applicable English regulations, the Austrian shareholders did not even have the right to appear at the general meeting in London.

692:

economic union with Germany that had existed in Austria since the end of the First World War. To counteract them, the UK provided the Austrian economy and the government with more support loans than any other country. At the same time, the Bank of England tried to expand its influence in Germany, for which the Anglo-International Bank would also serve as an instrument. As a result, at the request of the Bank of England, Anglo-International Bank undertook a number of commitments, including the issue of a German government bond. However, the company was unable to gain a foothold in Germany in the long term. The German financial economy had initially recovered to such an extent that in June 1928 the

478: 581:

was converted to 650,000 pounds sterling. The conversion balance showed a significant reserve of 125 billion crowns. The new board of directors consisted of ten representatives of the Bank of England and six representatives of the previous shareholders. The Bank of England had achieved this position through an exchange of debts (incurred during the war and the hyperinflation of 1921/22) against preferred shares and certificates of indebtedness at the debt’s par value. About two-thirds of the ordinary shares of Anglobank remained in the possession of pre-war owners in Austria and the other successor countries, mostly small shareholders.

231: 630:

business newspaper Die Börse stated in retrospect about the end of the Anglobank in Austria (excerpts): "The bank played an extremely important role in the history of Austria's reconstruction. It did so by building a bridge between London and Vienna, by attracting British financial circles to Austria at a time when the horizon was still completely overcast, and by persuading Austria that powerful forces were at work to help it. But this beneficial result ceased when the Austrian stabilization plan was implemented and the connection with the Bank of England began to bear fruit."

784:. The announcement of the losses was apparently coerced by Zoltan Hajdu, who refused to sign a company balance sheet that he had commissioned himself, and which showed that the bank's industrial holdings had been overvalued and that the merger with the Bodencreditanstalt had resulted in losses of 60 million schillings. The exact background as to why the management of the Creditanstalt suddenly opted for public disclosure of a marked-to-market valuation of its assets, at the worst possible moment, remains unclear. British economic historian 605:

Anglo-Austrian Bank was generally unsuccessful. By 1925, Southeast European economy were plagued by recession and inflation. Only the operations in Czechoslovakia were profitable, making the Anglo-Czechoslovakian Bank the most important asset of the Anglo-Austrian Bank at the time. In January 1925, the London controllers determined that the balance sheet of the Anglo-Austrian Bank's branch in Vienna would be in deficit for 1924. This gave concrete form to the Bank of England's considerations of giving up the bank’s Austrian base.

509: 752:

oversupply, which led observers to speak of the "pushiness" of short-term loans from Western banks. On the other hand, German banks were interested in long-term investment of their funds and long-term customer loyalty, which Austrian companies also preferred in view of the calculability of liabilities. Austrian interest rates were higher than German for almost the entire 1920s. Various members of the General Council of the

486: 31: 593:, pointing out the "urgent need" to support the Austrian government through external "aid measures (…) which alone could prevent serious crises". They argued that a new central bank would not achieve lasting success but only undermine private institutions whose continued strength was critical to Austrian recovery. Nevertheless, The Austrian National Council passed a federal law of 24 July 1922 to established the 528:. As for shareholding of the bank’s capital, 33 percent was held in Austria, 45 percent in Czechoslovakia, 11 percent in Yugoslavia, and 11 percent in Hungary and Romania. Even after a number of branch closures during the war and its immediate aftermath, by 1921 Anglobank still had 22 branches in Vienna, 24 in the rest of Austria, 29 in Czechoslovakia, 3 in Hungary, 3 in Romania, 1 in Yugoslavia, and 1 in Italy ( 772:

reluctance from Louis Rothschild, the president of the Creditanstalt. Zoltan Hajdu led the merger negotiations as a member of the Bodencreditanstalt Executive Committee. After the merger, he moved from the Supervisory Board of Creditanstalt to the Management Board. In addition, Otto Ernst Niemeyer and Pyotr Bark remained on the Creditanstalt Supervisory Board as representatives of the Anglo-International Bank.

601:

Herlango AG, Josef Manner & Comp. Inc., and Bed feather and sheet factory Adolf Gans AG. The bank also kept operations and investments in the broader Central and Southeastern Europe, which became de facto controlled by the Bank of England. In 1924, Anglo-Austrian Bank had 18 branches in Vienna, 13 in the rest of Austria, two in Hungary, two in Romania, one in Yugoslavia, and three in Italy.

776:

since the Versailles Treaty prohibited the two states from rapprochement. On the other hand, foreign creditors withdrew loans by leaps and bounds. In addition, France officially declared that it would "reclaim short-term debt securities from Austrian and German banks and not extend them any longer." Shortly thereafter, the largest insolvency case in Austrian banking history occurred.

768:, the President of the OeNB, because they saw no need for defensive measures in the event of a temporary external debt. They assumed that "serious institutions" would not pass on short-term foreign loans as investment loans. But that is exactly what Austrian credit institutions did, above all the Bodencreditanstalt, which was the first of the big banks to collapse in 1929. 572:), which began operations on 24 November 1920. A main reason for the establishment of BiL was the goal of Austrian companies and banks to merge their subsidiaries, which were isolated in the formed successor states, into holding companies and to have them managed from a neutral country. As a result, the BiL became a pioneer of the holding business in Liechtenstein. 438:. After the Vienna stock market crash of 1873, which temporarily threw the company back from 2nd to 5th place among Vienna's major banks, non-aristocratic shareholders increasingly gained influence, e.g. Wilhelm Franz Exner, the brothers Adolf and Julius Landesberger, and the industrial families Petschek and Schicht. Among many high-profile customers, composer 127:. As a consequence, the Anglo-International Bank became one of the Creditanstalt's main shareholders, and played a role in the internationally consequential collapse of Creditanstalt in 1931. After 1933, Anglo-International Bank stopped making new commitments. It remained formally in business until 1951, and was eventually liquidated in 1962. 597:(OeNB), which started operations on 1 January 1923. Nevertheless, the Bank of England was able to retain influence and impose its deflationary preferences. Officials from the Bank of England, Robert Charles Kay and later Anton van Gyn, sat on the OeNB's supervisory board as official observers and financial controllers. 801:

Bank of England bailed out Anglo-International Bank with £1 million and bought up Anglo shares on the open market to prevent a full share price collapse, but these efforts turned out to be unsuccessful. In November 1933, the Bank of England initiated a "privately organized liquidation" of the Anglo-International Bank.

800:

from 1921 to 1931. Hornsby described the work of the Anglo-International Bank as "no good advertising for the British financial world"; he failed to improve either the reputation or the financial position of the institution. More retail shareholders sold their remaining Anglo shares. Ultimately, the

771:

The exact role of Zoltan Hajdu and the Anglo-International Bank in the Austrian banking crisis remains a matter of controversy. He advocated a merger of the Bodencreditanstalt with the Creditanstalt as early as the turn of the year 1927/28. The project was implemented in November 1929 despite strong

625:

The Anglo-Austrian Bank then merged with the British Trade Corporation (est. 1917) to form the Anglo-International Bank on 1926. It began trading on 1 October 1926. The initial capital was £2.36 million. The main shareholders were the Bank of England and Glyn, Mills & Co. The new institution was

584:

As a consequence, and unlike surviving domestic Austrian banks, the Anglo-Austrian Bank had ample ability to lend and became a conduit for the allocation of British capital to the Austrian economy. The Bank of England lobbied actively albeit unsuccessfully against the establishment of a new Austrian

551:

On 11 December 1919, the Czechoslovak government passed a "nostrification" law, which forced owners and shareholders of companies in the territory of Czechoslovakia to accept Czechoslovak citizenship and move the headquarters of their companies to Czechoslovakia. All foreign banks had to either sell

613:

The Anglo-Austrian Bank management announced that it would "reduce its involvement throughout Central Europe and place it on a new, less risky basis." The first step was the sale of all the bank’s branches and investments in Italy to Banca Italo-Britannica in January 1926, in exchange for shares of

600:

Significant investments of the Anglo-Austrian Bank directly in Austria included Austro-Daimler, Austro-Fiat, Puch works, Brevillier & Urban, Schoeller-Bleckmann Steel Works, Enzesfeld metal works, Universal Bau AG, Powder factory Skodawerke-Wetzler AG, ELIN AG, DELKA shoe industry and trade AG,

580:

The Anglobank moved its headquarters from Vienna to London on 7 October 1921. On 27 March 1922, a separate entity named Anglo-Austrian Bank was founded in London, which took over all assets and liabilities of Anglobank with all its syndicated holdings. The former share capital of 200 million kroner

751:

Between 1925 and 1930, the foreign debt of the major Austrian banks rose from around 370 million to 980 million schillings. The English banks in particular stood out with their generous granting of short-term foreign loans. US investors also increasingly appeared as lenders. This led to a constant

604:

Even so, the breakdown of trade relations between the successor states and the increased appeal of economic autarky meant that the flows of British capital deployed in the region through the Anglo-Austrian Bank remained limited. The advocacy of freer intra-regional trade by the Bank of England and

792:

The Austrian Ministry of Justice filed claims for damages of 20 million schillings and on 15 October 1931 applied to the Vienna public prosecutor's office for the confiscation of assets and preliminary investigations against Zoltan Hajdu and other directors of the Creditanstalt. However, criminal

775:

On 5 March 1931, Germany and Austria announced a customs union without giving Great Britain and France any prior notice; the latter used different strategies that caused the project to fail in the autumn of 1931. On the one hand, a formal protest was lodged at the announcement of a customs union,

629:

The 1926 sale has often been referred to in Austria as the collapse of the Anglo-Österreichische Bank and the first step in banking sector consolidation in Austria. Formally, however, the Anglo-Österreichische Bank had already been replaced by a foreign institution in 1921. The reference Viennese

633:

After the Creditanstalt took over the Anglobank branches in Vienna, the Austrian economy became even more dependent on the Bank of England, because the Anglo-International Bank, which was now under the total control of the Bank of England, subsequently acted as one of the largest shareholders in

559:

The balance sheet of Anglobank showed assets of 4,219,992,786 crowns as at 31 December 1919. With retroactive effect, the General Assembly on 25 April 1920 decided on a profit distribution of 10.83% for 1917, 6.25% for 1918 and 10% for 1919. At the same time, the shareholders approved a capital

779:

The Creditanstalt, which through the takeover of the Bodencreditanstalt had become by far the most important bank in Austria with an extensive network of industrial participations, had until then been regarded as an extremely sound institution. On 8 May 1931, it announced that it had suffered

691:

Ostensibly, the Bank of England was pursuing political rather than economic goals with the Anglo-International Bank, which did not pay any dividends during its existence, but used its gains to offset write-offs. France and the UK viewed with extreme suspicion the growing tendencies towards an

804:

In December 1933, more than half of the staff still employed in London were made redundant. Montagu Norman, however, kept the plans a secret because, in his judgment, a formal bankruptcy would have permanently damaged the aura of British finance. Thus, the Anglo-International Bank remained

735:. Zoltan Hajdu, who was the only continental European representative on the board of directors of Anglo-International Bank, did not act independently from Montagu Norman and effectively represented the interests of the Bank of England. He became a member of the board of directors of the 552:

their branches to existing Czechoslovak credit institutions or convert them into new Czechoslovak entities, within a tight time frame. Norman did not accept this deadline, however, and used his leverage to negotiate an exemption from the Czechoslovak authorities. The

634:

Creditanstalt, by then the largest Austrian bank. In addition to the large ownership stake in Creditanstalt, the Anglo-International Bank acquired all of Creditanstalt's previous overseas business in the UK. Zoltan Hajdu became a member of the supervisory board (

657:

The Anglo-International Bank went on to sell its other assets. By 1927, it sold much of its holdings in the Anglo-Czechoslovak Bank. The Budapest branch continued to exist for some time and was taken over in the early 1930s by the British and Hungarian Bank

304:

The Anglobank soon had considerable success, with a focus on railways expansion and corporate finance especially in mining, iron and steel. From 1864 to the end of 1868, total assets nearly quadrupled. The Anglobank opened its first branch in Lemberg (now

1595: 1544: 756:

repeatedly called for a reduction in the discount rate in order to curb the undesirably high inflow of short-term foreign credits. However, they could not assert themselves against the financial controllers of the Bank of England and

614:

the acquirer. At the same time, Zoltan Hajdu, the bank’s newly appointed general director for Austria, started tightening the bank’s lending and downsizing the 2,000-strong administrative structure in Austria. Negotiations began with

364:, until then Austria’s dominant bank. In addition to London and Vienna, it was present in all crown lands with an extensive branch network. In Vienna alone, the company had 17 branches in 13 districts. Anglobank held a large stake in 238: 743:, and a member of the supervisory boards of large banks and industrial companies in Yugoslavia, Romania and Hungary. In addition, as a large landowner, Hajdu had an estate and numerous properties in western Hungary. 548:, the British authorities had already confiscated the Anglobank's business in London, which was subsequently relocated in the commercial building at 24, Lombard Street, not far from its previous location at No. 31. 788:

put it sarcastically as "Zoltan Hajdu experienced some sort of religious conversion and thereafter felt unable to live with the dishonest accounts his institution presented for two years and he had signed.”

1726: 1160: 1335: 1577: 1508: 155:

at Strauchgasse 1–3, opposite the Old Vienna Stock Exchange. In 1864. The Anglobank had initially rented parts of the palace. It bought the property and remodeled it in 1871, whereby the

796:

All the same, the Anglo-International Bank's reputation was badly damaged. After the events, Herbert A. Lawrence was replaced as chairman by Sir Bertram Hornsby, who was chairman of the

246:

Anglo-Österreichische Bank, or Anglobank for short, was founded on 1 November 1863 in Vienna with British and Austrian capital, one of the first two “foreign banks” (the other being the

1930:

Eduard March: Austrian banking policy in the time of the great turning point 1913-1923. Using the example of the Creditanstalt für Handel und Gewerbe. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1981,

1065:

Günther Chaloupek (2011). "From Stabilization to Depression. Comments in the Österreichische Volkswirt on Economic Policy in Austria between 1923 and 1929". In J.G. Backhaus (ed.).

699:

The Anglo-International Bank’s own board of directors consisted almost exclusively of representatives of the Bank of England and political officials. These included its chairman

497: 1909: 1705: 1687: 1613: 1449: 1431: 1526: 1413: 1260: 672:

and renamed in 1920), for which the Anglo-International Bank received shares in the British and Hungarian Bank. The Anglo-Austrian Bank had earlier sold its branch in

1891: 837: 47: 1961: 1873: 1855: 1777: 1759: 684:

to the Bosnian Agrarian and Commercial Bank, again against blocks of shares and seats on supervisory boards. After the merger of these institutes to form the

469: 286:, each member of the board of directors had to personally deposit at least 100 shares and received a fixed remuneration of 3000 silver guilders per year. 1966: 589:, which was planned for the summer of 1922. On its behalf, the English board of directors of the Anglo-Austrian Bank wrote a letter to UK Prime Minister 1141: 716: 178: 622:

which bought most of the Vienna branches and other assets on 12 June 1926, while some of the bank's investments went to a Dutch holding company.

1744: 728: 972: 1971: 1946: 900: 1647: 1191:

Antonie Doležalová (2013), "Zwischen Autarkie, Emanzipation und Diskriminierung: Die Nostrifizierung in der Tschechoslowakei nach 1918",

477: 1976: 1649:

Holocaust victims of bank theft vs Magyar Nemzeti Bank, Erste Group Bank, MKB Bayerische Landesbank, OTP Bank, and Credit Anstalt Bank

1302:

Währungspolitik in der Zwischenkriegszeit. Geschichte der oesterreichischen Nationalbank von 1923 bis 1938. Dritter Teil, Erster Band

1986: 1935: 696:

wanted to buy the Bank of England's stake in the Anglo-International Bank. The Bank of England, of course, turned down the offer.

520:

The collapse of the Habsburg monarchy had a major impact on Anglobank's business. More than 50% of its assets were in what became

230: 650:) of the Creditanstalt. Letzten Endes war die Bank of England über die Anglo-International Bank nicht nur Aktionär, sondern auch 454: 254:

that same year and known by its French acronym BIO) as opposed to the prior practice of creating domestic banks. The London bank

159:

was covered with glass and from then on served as a cash room. The building was repurposed after World War II as head office of

1991: 457:. In 1913, the company had twice as many branches as the considerably larger Creditanstalt, and only slightly fewer than the 953: 1080: 753: 736: 594: 321:), did not survive the Austro-Hungarian financial crash of 1873, but the Anglobank opened a branch in Pest and another in 1226: 1102:, Prague: Institut für Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte der Philosophischen Fakultät der Karls-Universität, pp. 7–8 1981: 1128:

Vor dem großen Krach: Österreichs Banken in der Zwischenkriegszeit am Beispiel der Credit-Anstalt für Handel und Gewerbe

712: 688:, the Anglo-International Bank held a stake in one of Yugoslavia’s largest banks. A similar pattern applied in Romania. 1047: 409:

in Bremen (1871) Centralbank für Industrie und Handel in Berlin (1871), and Disconto-Gesellschaft in Leipzig (1873).

1941:

Charlotte Natmessnig: British financial interests in Austria. The Anglo-Austrian Bank, Vienna, Böhlau Verlag, 1998,

1492: 939:

Die Geschichte der Familie Tinti als Herren der Schallaburg von der Mitte des 19. bis zur Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts

365: 165: 160: 449:

mining and in the issuance of government bonds. Its lobbying operations included participation in daily newspaper

556:

began operations in Czechoslovakia on 12 April 1922, under full ownership of the Anglo-Austrian Bank until 1927.

445:

At the beginning of the 20th century, Anglobank held a leading position in the financing of the Austro-Hungarian

1797:

Die Weltwirtschaftskrise der 1930er Jahre in Deutschland. Ursachen, Verlauf und Maßnahmen der Wirtschaftspolitik

1996: 785: 565: 1827:

Otto Ender 1875–1960. Landeshauptmann, Bundeskanzler, Minister. Untersuchungen zum Innenleben eines Politikers

143: 818: 384: 553: 502: 428: 389: 283: 135: 97: 473:

Gathering in front of the head office of Anglobank in Vienna, probably during the hyperinflation of 1921/22

677: 560:

increase from 150,000,000 crowns to 200,000,216 crowns. Simultaneously, Anglobank created a subsidiary in

395: 369: 294: 870:

Charlotte Natmeßnig (1998). "Britische Finanzinteressen in Österreich. Die Anglo-Oesterreichische Bank".

813:

In June 2019, in the context of the difficulties of Austria's Meinl Bank and resignation of its chairman

373: 797: 406: 247: 823: 724: 685: 433: 255: 183: 758: 149:

From its creation until leaving Austria in 1921, the Anglobank headquarters remained located in the

1634:

Finanzdiplomatie und Weltwirtschaftskrise. Die Krise der Credit-Anstalt für Handel und Gewerbe 1931

1400:

Der Weg zum neuen Mitteleuropa. Die wirtschaftliche Neugestaltung. Nachdruck des Originals von 1933

508: 290: 413: 1004: 659: 590: 400: 259: 368:, one of Italy's largest banks. In Germany, it was a significant participant in the creation of 134:, the former Anglobank branches were restructured in 1922 into a significant domestic bank, the 828:. The bank’s license was revoked later that year, however, and it had to cease its operations. 651: 378: 1942: 1931: 842: 615: 458: 439: 93: 700: 1622:

Through Anglo-International Bank, the Bank of England was also a creditor of Creditanstalt.

720: 643: 635: 533: 314: 263: 108: 41: 1355:

Bank Austria Creditanstalt. 150 Jahre österreichische Bankengeschichte im Zentrum Europas

17: 1228:

Bankensystem und Industriefinanzierung in der Tschechoslowakischen Republik (1918–1931)

814: 732: 541: 521: 251: 131: 101: 485: 481:

Building at 24-28, Lombard Street, the bank's London office during the interwar period

187: 182:

Anglobank advert, 1910, with indication of London office and branches in Aussig / now

30: 1955: 847: 763: 708: 693: 619: 513: 361: 330: 310: 124: 107:

Following the collapse of the monarchy, the Anglobank came under the control of the

586: 424: 357:, a property company, was founded with the significant participation of Anglobank. 1368:

Gertrude Enderle-Burcel; Rudolf Jeřábek; Wolfgang Mueller; Stefan Semotan (2005),

918: 211: 1671: 992:

Deutsche Revue der Gegenwart. Monatsschrift zum Conversationslexikon, Bände 11–12

418: 1414:"Eine englische Stimme für die wirtschaftliche Kooperation der Nachfolgestaaten" 545: 298: 609:

Sale of the Austrian operations and restructuring into Anglo-International Bank

740: 704: 525: 450: 1142:"German And Austrian Banks - Volume 87: debated on Tuesday 14 November 1916" 569: 156: 1760:"Die Fusion noch nicht perfekt, aber bereits vom Exekutivkomitee genehmigt" 1385:

Protokolle des Ministerrates der Ersten Republik, 1918–1938. Teil 4. Band 4

1370:

Protokolle des Ministerrates der Ersten Republik, 1918–1938. Teil 4. Band 4

1005:

Die Wiener Großbanken im Gefüge des österreichischen Imperialismus (S. 5.)

258:

was significantly involved in the venture. Similarly as with the BIO, the

781: 681: 537: 325:

in 1880. In 1869, the Anglobank co-founded the Austro-Ägyptische Bank in

195: 1180:. Sborník prací filozofické fakulty Brněnské univerzity. pp. 81–92. 529: 490: 446: 279: 223: 219: 215: 536:

became a major shareholder of Anglobank, through the mediation of the

1688:"Generaldirektor Haidu im Direktionsrat der kroatischen Eskomptebank" 1614:"Generaldirektor Zoltan Hajdu – Direktionsmitglied der Kreditanstalt" 673: 322: 275: 271: 207: 139: 112: 89: 1247:

British Policy and European Reconstruction After the First World War

123:

to reflect the sale that year of most of its Austrian activities to

412:

Among the leading figures of Anglobank in the 1860s and 1870s were

905:

The Money Market Review: A Weekly Commercial and Financial Journal

561: 507: 501:

Former Anglobank branch on Hybernská, Prague, then head office of

496: 484: 476: 468: 326: 237: 229: 46: 29: 872:

Studien zur Wirtschaftsgeschichte und Wirtschaftspolitik. Band 5

306: 203: 199: 191: 85: 1842:

The Creation and Destruction of Value. The Globalization Cycle

1100:

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen, Band 4

1856:"Vermögensbeschlagnahme bei den Direktoren der Kreditanstalt" 780:

extraordinary losses of 140 million schillings, triggering a

383:

in Hamburg (1871), Austrian-German Bank in Frankfurt (1871),

1372:, Verlag der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei, p. xxxii 1162:

Report on the Commercial and Industrial Situation in Hungary

1033:

Aus meinem Leben. Eine Autobiographie in zwei Bänden. Band 1

270:) consisted of two committees of eight members each, one in 1387:, Verlag der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei, p. xxxi 1176:

Ctibor Nečas (1985). "Počátky územní expanze Živnobanky".

973:"International financial relations of the Habsburg Empire" 278:. The Anglobank’s initial capital was 20 million silver 1353:

Oliver Rathkolb; Theodor Venus; Ulrike Zimmerl (2005),

342:Österreichische Kontrollbank für Industrie und Handel 333:. It also had four subsidiaries in Vienna, including 142:, which remained in activity until being absorbed by 739:(from 1922), the Creditanstalt (from 1926), and the 360:

Anglobank thus became the largest competitor to the

1673:

Geschäftsberichte der Anglo-International Bank Ltd.

747:Austrian crisis of 1931 and subsequent liquidation 453:and in the founding and financing of the magazine 461:, Austria-Hungary’s leading bank by this metric. 309:) in the 1860s. A Hungarian affiliate founded in 1746:Zeitungsberichte über Zoltan Hajdu von 1915–1933 92:in 1863 with an extensive branch network in the 1812:Der Aktienrückkauf und die Bankenkrise von 1931 1067:The Beginnings of Scholarly Economic Journalism 667: 289:Its London office was initially established at 1249:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 139–140 1261:"Anglo-Österreichische Bank (kurz Anglobank)" 1159:UK Department of Overseas Trade (1921–1939), 920:Post Office London Directory - Advertisements 493:, Anglobank branch from the early 20C to 1927 96:and later in its successor states, primarily 8: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1304:, Oesterreichische Nationalbank, p. 257 1295: 1293: 1291: 1289: 977:Central European Economic and Social History 958:Central European Economic and Social History 865: 863: 352: 346: 340: 334: 150: 111:, and in 1921, its head office was moved to 51: 35: 1317:Erste Republik, Austrofaschismus, Anschluss 1265:Amt für Kultur – Landesarchiv Liechtenstein 838:Niederösterreichische Escompte-Gesellschaft 727:, several of whom were also members of the 65: 1874:"Zwanzig Millionen Schadenersatzansprüche" 1844:, Harvard University Press, pp. 76–77 1487: 1485: 1450:"Auch die Londoner Anglobank verschwindet" 1178:Studia minora facultatis philosophicae, 32 707:, and supervisory board members including 540:family and under direct watch of Governor 354:Allgemeine österreichische Baugesellschaft 1810:Eva Terberger, Stefanie Wettberg (2005), 1727:"Die geheimnisvolle Reise des Dr. Reisch" 1280:Handbook on the History of European Banks 990:Rudolf Gottschall (1875), "Unsere Zeit", 1892:"Direktor Hajdu Grundbesitzer in Ungarn" 1829:, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, p. 51 1721: 1719: 1476:British Multinational Banking, 1830–1990 1469: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1121: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1111: 1109: 177: 1676:, Hamburgisches Welt-Wirtschafts-Archiv 1666: 1664: 1662: 1564:Das ausländische Kapital in Jugoslawien 1282:, Edward Elgar Publishing, p. 1046 954:"Types of banks in the Habsburg Empire" 859: 1814:, University of Heidelberg, p. 10 1531:Finanz- und Handelsblatt des „Morgens“ 1336:"Das Schicksal der Anglobankaktionäre" 1048:"The Waltz King in the Land of Giants" 941:, University of Vienna, pp. 83–86 932: 930: 1782:Salzburger Chronik für Stadt und Land 1596:"Fusionsverhandlungen der Anglo-Bank" 1383:Österreichischer Ministerrat (2005), 1165:, H.M. Stationery Office, p. 235 423:, Julius von Kunzek, Carl von Mayer, 7: 1214:, Deutscher Volksverlag, p. 125 1210:Karl Viererbl; Kurt Vorbach (1936), 642:) and later of the executive board ( 282:in 100,000 shares. According to the 1478:, Clarendon Press, pp. 229–231 1018:Die Kreditbanken in der Gründerzeit 313:in 1867, the Anglo-Hungarian Bank ( 34:Former head office of Anglobank at 1342:. 26 September 1926. pp. 5–6. 1069:. Springer-Verlag. pp. 73–91. 1020:, Franz Steiner Verlag, p. 99 576:Relocation to London and aftermath 442:held an account at the Anglobank. 336:M. L. Biedermann & Co. Bank-AG 25: 1967:Banks based in the City of London 1319:, University of Vienna, p. 9 809:Short-lived brand revival in 2019 115:where it was restructured as the 1962:Austria–United Kingdom relations 1910:"Internationale Finanzgeschäfte" 1566:, W. Kohlhammer, p. 252 sqq 1046:Bill Morelock (1 January 2012). 971:Susanne Wurm (7 February 2017). 952:Susanne Wurm (6 February 2017). 293:, and moved in the 1870s to 31, 1578:"Österreichische Kreditanstalt" 1212:200 000 Sudetendeutsche zuviel! 1916:, p. 90, 16 December 1933 1799:, Diplomica Verlag, p. 41 1584:, pp. 361–363, 7 May 1927 1551:, p. 6, 16 September 1926 1545:"Die Anglo-International Bank" 1456:, p. 11, 4 September 1926 680:, and also sold its branch in 1: 1914:Der österreichische Volkswirt 1898:, p. 11, 9 November 1933 1710:Der Österreichische Volkswirt 1620:, p. 10, 8 November 1929 1602:, p. 7, 11 December 1933 1582:Der österreichische Volkswirt 1438:, p. 1, 3 September 1926 1357:, P. Zsolnay, p. 170 sqq 1035:, Severus Verlag, p. 164 874:. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 754:Oesterreichische Nationalbank 737:Allgemeine Bodencreditanstalt 595:Oesterreichische Nationalbank 455:Der Österreichische Volkswirt 256:Glyn, Mills, Leurie & Co. 161:Oesterreichische Kontrollbank 1972:Companies of Austria-Hungary 1862:, p. 1, 23 October 1931 1784:, p. 7, 8 November 1929 1494:Anglo-International Bank Ltd 1420:, p. 9, 12 October 1928 1234:, Studienverlag, p. 542 1880:, p. 1, 4 October 1932 1766:, p. 1, 9 October 1929 1706:"Südslawische Bankenfusion" 1694:, p. 14, 26 April 1926 1146:UK House of Commons Hansard 1098:Charles University (1997), 512:Former Anglobank branch in 291:St Mildred's Court, Poultry 2013: 1712:, p. 11, 30 June 1928 1515:, p. 11, 26 June 1927 1432:"Eine neue Bank in London" 1225:Vlastislav Lacina (1993), 889:, Sauerländer, p. 147 366:Banca Commerciale Italiana 119:. In 1926, it was renamed 62:Anglo-Österreichische Bank 1977:Companies based in Vienna 1896:Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung 1562:Božidar Jurković (1941), 532:). Amid the turmoil, the 516:, sold in the early 1930s 222:also now in Czechia, and 1987:Defunct banks of Austria 1527:"Das Ende der Anglobank" 1315:Stefan Heinrich (2011), 1031:Albert Schäffle (2012), 817:, that bank was renamed 566:Bank in Liechtenstein AG 427:, as well as Rudolf and 297:where it remained until 121:Anglo-International Bank 56:photographed around 1910 18:Anglo-International Bank 1825:Peter Melichar (2018), 1733:, p. 2, 3 May 1932 1632:Dieter Stiefel (1989), 1474:Geoffrey Jones (1995), 1418:Innsbrucker Nachrichten 1300:Hans Kernbauer (1991), 1130:, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag 1016:Carsten Burhop (2004), 819:Anglo Austrian AAB Bank 554:Anglo-Czechoslovak Bank 503:Anglo-Czechoslovak Bank 385:Bank für Brau-Industrie 284:articles of association 136:Anglo-Czechoslovak Bank 1992:British overseas banks 1795:Stefanie Beck (2011), 1636:, F. Knapp, p. 37 1398:Elemér Hantos (2016), 723:, Harry Viscount, and 678:Croatian Discount Bank 669:Magyar Kerskedelmi Rt. 668: 663: 647: 639: 517: 505: 494: 482: 474: 429:Gustav von Schlesinger 370:Bayerische Vereinsbank 353: 347: 341: 335: 318: 267: 243: 235: 227: 194:, in today's Czechia, 151: 57: 52: 44: 36: 1840:Harold James (2009), 1436:Neues Grazer Tagblatt 1278:Manfred Pohl (1994), 937:Barbara Eder (2018), 901:"Anglo-Austrian Bank" 798:Central Bank of Egypt 511: 500: 488: 480: 472: 407:Deutsche Nationalbank 405:in Frankfurt (1871), 319:Anglo-Ungarische Bank 248:Imperial Ottoman Bank 241: 233: 181: 50: 33: 27:Former bank in Vienna 1692:Neues Wiener Journal 1509:"Wiener Finanzbrief" 1126:Fritz Weber (2016), 885:W. Auerbach (1873), 725:William Barclay Peat 703:, managing director 686:Yugoslav United Bank 396:Deutsche Vereinsbank 329:, together with the 1982:1863 establishments 923:, 1914, p. 122 717:Alexander Henderson 654:der Creditanstalt. 394:in Dresden (1899), 374:Anglo-Deutsche Bank 117:Anglo-Austrian Bank 75:Anglo-Austrian Bank 1655:, 2010, p. 15 1533:, 6 September 1926 1402:, HWA, p. 125 1245:Anne Orde (2002), 618:, then shifted to 591:David Lloyd George 518: 506: 495: 483: 475: 372:in Munich (1869), 260:board of directors 244: 236: 228: 218:, and Trautenau / 144:Živnostenská Banka 58: 45: 1947:978-3-205-98912-7 843:Wiener Bankverein 664:Angol-Magyar Bank 616:Wiener Bankverein 489:Palazzo Genel in 459:Wiener Bankverein 440:Johann Strauss II 348:Wiener Creditbank 274:and the other in 152:Palais Montenuovo 138:headquartered in 94:Habsburg Monarchy 53:Palais Montenuovo 37:Palais Montenuovo 16:(Redirected from 2004: 1918: 1917: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1870: 1864: 1863: 1852: 1846: 1845: 1837: 1831: 1830: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1807: 1801: 1800: 1792: 1786: 1785: 1774: 1768: 1767: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1741: 1735: 1734: 1723: 1714: 1713: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1684: 1678: 1677: 1668: 1657: 1656: 1654: 1644: 1638: 1637: 1629: 1623: 1621: 1610: 1604: 1603: 1592: 1586: 1585: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1541: 1535: 1534: 1523: 1517: 1516: 1513:Prager Tageblatt 1505: 1499: 1498: 1489: 1480: 1479: 1471: 1458: 1457: 1446: 1440: 1439: 1428: 1422: 1421: 1410: 1404: 1403: 1395: 1389: 1388: 1380: 1374: 1373: 1365: 1359: 1358: 1350: 1344: 1343: 1332: 1321: 1320: 1312: 1306: 1305: 1297: 1284: 1283: 1275: 1269: 1268: 1257: 1251: 1250: 1242: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1222: 1216: 1215: 1207: 1201: 1200: 1188: 1182: 1181: 1173: 1167: 1166: 1156: 1150: 1149: 1138: 1132: 1131: 1123: 1104: 1103: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1062: 1056: 1055: 1043: 1037: 1036: 1028: 1022: 1021: 1013: 1007: 1002: 996: 995: 994:, Brockhaus: 249 987: 981: 980: 968: 962: 961: 949: 943: 942: 934: 925: 924: 915: 909: 908: 897: 891: 890: 882: 876: 875: 867: 827: 767: 729:House of Commons 701:Herbert Lawrence 671: 437: 422: 404: 393: 382: 356: 350: 344: 338: 242:War poster, 1918 234:War poster, 1917 169: 154: 80:), in shorthand 79: 76: 73: 70: 67: 55: 39: 21: 2012: 2011: 2007: 2006: 2005: 2003: 2002: 2001: 1997:UniCredit Group 1952: 1951: 1927: 1925:Further reading 1922: 1921: 1908: 1907: 1903: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1872: 1871: 1867: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1824: 1823: 1819: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1794: 1793: 1789: 1778:"Kreditanstalt" 1776: 1775: 1771: 1758: 1757: 1753: 1743: 1742: 1738: 1725: 1724: 1717: 1704: 1703: 1699: 1686: 1685: 1681: 1670: 1669: 1660: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1641: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1612: 1611: 1607: 1594: 1593: 1589: 1576: 1575: 1571: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1525: 1524: 1520: 1507: 1506: 1502: 1497:, NetWest Group 1491: 1490: 1483: 1473: 1472: 1461: 1448: 1447: 1443: 1430: 1429: 1425: 1412: 1411: 1407: 1397: 1396: 1392: 1382: 1381: 1377: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1334: 1333: 1324: 1314: 1313: 1309: 1299: 1298: 1287: 1277: 1276: 1272: 1259: 1258: 1254: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1231: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1209: 1208: 1204: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1175: 1174: 1170: 1158: 1157: 1153: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1125: 1124: 1107: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1081:"Palazzo Genel" 1079: 1078: 1074: 1064: 1063: 1059: 1045: 1044: 1040: 1030: 1029: 1025: 1015: 1014: 1010: 1003: 999: 989: 988: 984: 970: 969: 965: 951: 950: 946: 936: 935: 928: 917: 916: 912: 899: 898: 894: 887:Das Actienwesen 884: 883: 879: 869: 868: 861: 856: 834: 821: 811: 761: 749: 721:Henry Strakosch 666:, est. 1890 as 611: 578: 534:Bank of England 467: 465:Interwar period 431: 416: 398: 387: 376: 351:. In 1869, the 176: 163: 109:Bank of England 77: 74: 71: 68: 42:Freyung, Vienna 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2010: 2008: 2000: 1999: 1994: 1989: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1939: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1919: 1901: 1883: 1865: 1847: 1832: 1817: 1802: 1787: 1769: 1751: 1736: 1715: 1697: 1679: 1658: 1639: 1624: 1605: 1587: 1569: 1554: 1536: 1518: 1500: 1481: 1459: 1441: 1423: 1405: 1390: 1375: 1360: 1345: 1322: 1307: 1285: 1270: 1252: 1237: 1217: 1202: 1183: 1168: 1151: 1133: 1105: 1090: 1072: 1057: 1052:Your Classical 1038: 1023: 1008: 997: 982: 963: 944: 926: 910: 892: 877: 858: 857: 855: 852: 851: 850: 845: 840: 833: 830: 815:Julius Meinl V 810: 807: 759:Richard Reisch 748: 745: 733:House of Lords 640:Verwaltungsrat 610: 607: 577: 574: 542:Montagu Norman 522:Czechoslovakia 466: 463: 295:Lombard Street 252:Constantinople 210:, Prossnitz / 190:, and Brünn / 186:, Bodenbach / 184:Ústí nad Labem 175: 172: 132:Czechoslovakia 102:Czechoslovakia 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2009: 1998: 1995: 1993: 1990: 1988: 1985: 1983: 1980: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1957: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1936:3-486-50761-3 1933: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1915: 1911: 1905: 1902: 1897: 1893: 1887: 1884: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1851: 1848: 1843: 1836: 1833: 1828: 1821: 1818: 1813: 1806: 1803: 1798: 1791: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1773: 1770: 1765: 1761: 1755: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1740: 1737: 1732: 1728: 1722: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1701: 1698: 1693: 1689: 1683: 1680: 1675: 1674: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1651: 1650: 1643: 1640: 1635: 1628: 1625: 1619: 1615: 1609: 1606: 1601: 1597: 1591: 1588: 1583: 1579: 1573: 1570: 1565: 1558: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1540: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1522: 1519: 1514: 1510: 1504: 1501: 1496: 1495: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1451: 1445: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1427: 1424: 1419: 1415: 1409: 1406: 1401: 1394: 1391: 1386: 1379: 1376: 1371: 1364: 1361: 1356: 1349: 1346: 1341: 1337: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1318: 1311: 1308: 1303: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1274: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1256: 1253: 1248: 1241: 1238: 1230: 1229: 1221: 1218: 1213: 1206: 1203: 1198: 1194: 1187: 1184: 1179: 1172: 1169: 1164: 1163: 1155: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1137: 1134: 1129: 1122: 1120: 1118: 1116: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1094: 1091: 1086: 1082: 1076: 1073: 1068: 1061: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1042: 1039: 1034: 1027: 1024: 1019: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1001: 998: 993: 986: 983: 978: 974: 967: 964: 959: 955: 948: 945: 940: 933: 931: 927: 922: 921: 914: 911: 906: 902: 896: 893: 888: 881: 878: 873: 866: 864: 860: 853: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 835: 831: 829: 825: 820: 816: 808: 806: 802: 799: 794: 790: 787: 783: 777: 773: 769: 765: 760: 755: 746: 744: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 713:Gordon Nairne 710: 709:Otto Niemeyer 706: 702: 697: 695: 694:Deutsche Bank 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 670: 665: 661: 655: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 631: 627: 623: 621: 620:Creditanstalt 617: 608: 606: 602: 598: 596: 592: 588: 582: 575: 573: 571: 567: 563: 557: 555: 549: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 515: 510: 504: 499: 492: 487: 479: 471: 464: 462: 460: 456: 452: 448: 443: 441: 435: 430: 426: 420: 415: 410: 408: 402: 397: 391: 386: 380: 375: 371: 367: 363: 362:Creditanstalt 358: 355: 349: 343: 337: 332: 331:Creditanstalt 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 302: 300: 296: 292: 287: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 250:, created in 249: 240: 232: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 185: 180: 173: 171: 167: 162: 158: 153: 147: 145: 141: 137: 133: 128: 126: 125:Creditanstalt 122: 118: 114: 110: 105: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 63: 54: 49: 43: 38: 32: 19: 1913: 1904: 1895: 1886: 1877: 1868: 1859: 1850: 1841: 1835: 1826: 1820: 1811: 1805: 1796: 1790: 1781: 1772: 1763: 1754: 1745: 1739: 1730: 1709: 1700: 1691: 1682: 1672: 1648: 1642: 1633: 1627: 1617: 1608: 1599: 1590: 1581: 1572: 1563: 1557: 1548: 1539: 1530: 1521: 1512: 1503: 1493: 1475: 1453: 1444: 1435: 1426: 1417: 1408: 1399: 1393: 1384: 1378: 1369: 1363: 1354: 1348: 1339: 1316: 1310: 1301: 1279: 1273: 1264: 1255: 1246: 1240: 1227: 1220: 1211: 1205: 1196: 1192: 1186: 1177: 1171: 1161: 1154: 1145: 1136: 1127: 1099: 1093: 1084: 1075: 1066: 1060: 1051: 1041: 1032: 1026: 1017: 1011: 1000: 991: 985: 976: 966: 957: 947: 938: 919: 913: 904: 895: 886: 880: 871: 812: 803: 795: 791: 786:Harold James 778: 774: 770: 750: 698: 690: 656: 632: 628: 624: 612: 603: 599: 587:central bank 583: 579: 568:(BiL, later 558: 550: 519: 444: 425:Leon Sapieha 414:Eugen Kinsky 411: 359: 303: 288: 245: 226:now in Italy 214:, Teplitz / 206:in Austria, 198:in Hungary, 174:Habsburg era 148: 129: 120: 116: 106: 81: 61: 59: 1085:ItalyScapes 822: [ 762: [ 546:World War I 432: [ 417: [ 399: [ 388: [ 377: [ 299:World War I 268:Generalrath 164: [ 88:founded in 1956:Categories 1878:Die Stunde 1618:Die Stunde 1600:Der Morgen 848:Länderbank 741:Amstelbank 705:Pyotr Bark 526:Yugoslavia 451:Die Presse 1549:Die Börse 1340:Die Börse 660:Hungarian 652:Gläubiger 570:LGT Group 544:. During 212:Prostějov 157:courtyard 146:in 1948. 82:Anglobank 1860:Freiheit 832:See also 782:bank run 682:Belgrade 648:Vorstand 538:Petschek 280:guilders 196:Budapest 84:, was a 1764:Der Tag 1731:Der Tag 1454:Der Tag 1193:Bohemia 676:to the 530:Trieste 491:Trieste 447:lignite 224:Trieste 220:Trutnov 216:Teplice 98:Austria 69: 40:on the 1945: 1934: 907:, 1865 674:Zagreb 644:German 636:German 564:, the 345:, and 323:Prague 315:German 276:London 272:Vienna 264:German 208:Prague 140:Prague 113:London 90:Vienna 1653:(PDF) 1232:(PDF) 854:Notes 826:] 766:] 562:Vaduz 436:] 421:] 403:] 392:] 381:] 327:Cairo 188:Děčín 168:] 1943:ISBN 1932:ISBN 1199:: 47 524:and 514:Pest 311:Pest 307:Lviv 204:Linz 202:and 200:Graz 192:Brno 100:and 86:bank 66:lit. 60:The 731:or 130:In 1958:: 1912:, 1894:, 1876:, 1858:, 1780:, 1762:, 1729:, 1718:^ 1708:, 1690:, 1661:^ 1616:, 1598:, 1580:, 1547:, 1529:, 1511:, 1484:^ 1462:^ 1452:, 1434:, 1416:, 1338:. 1325:^ 1288:^ 1263:. 1197:53 1195:, 1144:. 1108:^ 1083:. 1050:. 975:. 956:. 929:^ 903:, 862:^ 824:de 764:de 719:, 715:, 711:, 662:: 646:: 638:: 434:de 419:cs 401:de 390:de 379:de 339:, 317:: 301:. 266:: 170:. 166:de 104:. 1938:. 1267:. 1148:. 1087:. 1054:. 979:. 960:. 658:( 262:( 78:' 72:' 64:( 20:)

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Anglo-Austrian Bank

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