102:
226:, have received primacy approval from EPA, to supervise the PWS in their respective jurisdictions. Generally, a primacy agency must incorporate the requirements of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations in its own regulations. States may be more stringent, but not less stringent, than the federal rules. Federal funding is available to primacy agencies that implement or enforce some or all of the federal requirements.
90:: 40 CFR Parts 141, 142, and 143. Parts 141, 142, and 143 regulate primary contaminants, implementation by states, and secondary contaminants. Primary contaminants are those with health impacts. State implementation allows states to be the primary regulators of the water supplies (rather than EPA) provided they meet certain requirements. Secondary contaminants generally cause aesthetic problems and are not directly harmful.
274:
248:
non-compliance with EPA may continue for many months or years after the initial violation. This could result from the fact that the city simply doesn't have the financial resources necessary to replace aging water pipes or upgrade their purification equipment. In rare cases, the source water used by the municipality could be so polluted that
238:
The guidelines include recommendations for maximum concentrations for 15 contaminants, when to sample, and how to analyze the samples. Some contaminants in the
Secondary Regulations are also regulated in the Primary Regulations. This generally occurs when a contaminant is a nuisance at a low level,
114:
Part 141 regulates public water systems based on size (population served) and type of water consumers. Larger water systems and water systems serving year-round residents (cities) have more requirements than smaller water systems or those serving different people each day (e.g., a shopping mall). In
196:
require certain water systems to test for contaminants which do not yet have drinking water limits. The resulting information is used to prioritize the regulation of new contaminants. Section 141.40 includes the latest list of proposed contaminants. In 2012, the third set of contaminants (UCMR3)
234:
The relatively short
Secondary Regulations at Part 143 provide guidance for aesthetic characteristics, including taste, color, and odor, but do not actually regulate public water systems. "The regulations are not Federally enforceable but are intended as guidelines for the States." Although not
572:
has primacy for most of the water supply regulation compliance determination and enforcement in New York. The department sets general policy and oversees the local units, which may be district offices, regional offices, or county health departments, who oversee the public water systems.
247:
Municipalities throughout the United States, from the largest cities to the smallest towns, sometimes fail to meet EPA standards. The EPA may fine the jurisdiction responsible for the violation, but this does not always motivate the municipality to take corrective action. In such cases,
65:. These systems provide drinking water through pipes or other constructed conveyances to at least 15 service connections, or serve an average of at least 25 people for at least 60 days a year. As of 2017 there are over 151,000 public water systems.
550:
Public water supply regulation in New York predates the
Federal Safe Drinking Water Act by decades. As in California, New York has over the years, in accordance with 40CFR142, modified its sanitary code to implement the rules in the federal code.
581:
In 2014, algae produced toxins that appear as a product of farmland fertilizers' runoff, became a pressing issue in several Ohio cities. As a result, the state legislators drafted a bill in
September, which if passed, will require
188:
required large public water systems to collect samples in the late 1990s to provide data for designing new regulations or revising regulations related to pathogen contamination in surface water and disinfection byproduct
123:
The drinking water standards are organized into six classes of contaminants: Microorganisms, Disinfectants, Disinfection
Byproducts, Inorganic Chemicals, Organic Chemicals and Radionuclides. The standards specify either
201:
The regulations specify who must be notified and the manner of the notification. One such provision is
Subpart O, Consumer Confidence Reports. These reports are a summary of the water supplies sources and
218:
and the SDWA. Oversight of public water systems is managed by "primacy" agencies, which are either state government agencies, Indian tribes or EPA regional offices. All state and territories, except
93:
The SDWA also contains provisions that require water supplies to develop emergency plans, water supply operators to be licensed, and watersheds to be protected. The Act does not cover private wells.
547:
Public Health Law
Section 225 gives the public health council authority to create and modify the State Sanitary Code. Part 5 of the New York State Sanitary Code (10NYCRR5) regulates water supply.
292:
1076:
560:
Other laws that govern the operation of water supply, such as the
Transportation Corporation Law, Town Law, and the Public Service Law, affect water quality indirectly.
527:
141:
72:
Approximately 85,000 systems are non-transient, non-community water systems (such as schools, factories, office buildings, and hospitals that operate their own systems)
180:
Testing is required to determine compliance with maximum contaminant levels. The regulations specify when and how samples are to be taken and analyzed. For example:
1081:
44:
974:
925:
907:
861:
595:
203:
83:
101:
1086:
256:
plant or large-scale agricultural operations. Citizens who live in such places—especially young children, the elderly, or people of any age with
697:
990:
583:
569:
1091:
659:
651:
1048:
745:
EPA. "National
Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Drinking Water Regulations for Aircraft Public Water Systems." Final rule.
531:
79:
Eight percent of the
Community Water Systems—large municipal water systems—provide water to 82 percent of the US population.
554:
Occasionally, the Public Health Law is also amended to regulate water supply, e.g. Article 11 of the NY Public Health Law.
526:
New Jersey enacted its own Safe Drinking Water Act in 1977. The state statute is closely modeled on the federal act. The
942:
799:
EPA (2006-01-05). "National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule." 71
87:
75:
Approximately 18,000 systems are transient, non-community water systems (such as rural gas stations or campgrounds).
638:
260:
deficiencies—may suffer serious health complications as a long-term result of drinking water from their own taps.
206:
results. The reports must be sent to all customers annually. Subpart Q regulates how violations must be reported.
39:
enacted by the federal and state governments. Certain ordinances may also be created at a more local level. The
367:
215:
125:
830:
EPA (2021-01-15). "National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Lead and Copper Rule Revisions." Final rule. 86
960:
814:
EPA. "National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Stage 2 Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule." 71
766:
162:
56:
40:
878:
82:
The SDWA authorized the EPA to promulgate regulations regarding water supply. The major regulations are in
17:
679:
223:
168:
732:
62:
607:
1004:
249:
711:
831:
815:
800:
784:
750:
253:
846:
612:
557:
The Environmental Conservation Code regulates the sources and districting of water supply.
1017:
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection: Division of Water Supply and Geoscience
252:
processes can't do an adequate job. This can occur when a town is downstream from a large
146:
928:
910:
864:
787:
753:
337:
28:
977:
834:
312:
Some state and local governments have issued rules to protect users of private wells.
69:
Approximately 52,000 Community Water Systems serve the majority of the U.S. population
1070:
818:
803:
647:
475:
345:
158:
663:
718:. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2014-04-07.
617:
320:
Timeline of existing federal water and state drinking water quality regulations:
135:
257:
36:
513:
456:
419:
686:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2017-03-08.
700:. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2017-02-08.
151:
655:
235:
federally enforceable, some states regulate the secondary contaminants.
779:
EPA. "National Primary Drinking Water Regulations: Ground Water Rule."
698:"Background on Drinking Water Standards in the Safe Drinking Water Act"
494:
341:
219:
214:
EPA issued the implementation regulations in Part 142 pursuant to the
1016:
991:"Secondary Drinking Water Standards: Guidance for Nuisance Chemicals"
923:
EPA. "Subpart Q—Public Notification of Drinking Water Violations."
61:
The Safe Drinking Water Act is the principal federal law governing
47:(EPA) to create and enforce regulations to achieve the SDWA goals.
1007:
L.1977, c. 224, s. 1, effective September 17, 1977. NJSA 58:12A-1.
100:
115:
2009, public water systems on commercial airlines were included.
618:
EPA Alumni Association: Drinking Water, Half Century of Progress
972:
EPA. "National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations: Purpose."
947:
Drinking Water Requirements for States and Public Water Systems
684:
Drinking Water Requirements for States and Public Water Systems
267:
43:(SDWA) is the principal federal law. The SDWA authorizes the
32:
943:"Primacy Enforcement Responsibility for Public Water Systems"
859:
EPA. "Monitoring requirements for unregulated contaminants."
1036:
105:
EPA chart explaining the SDWA regulation development process
620:– a brief history of U.S. efforts to protect drinking water
892:
530:
administers the NJSDWA and its related regulations in the
210:
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations implementation
128:(MCLs) or Treatment Techniques (enforceable procedures).
288:
291:
by adding general information and discuss at the
131:
The most recent major standard-setting rules include:
847:"Information Collection Rule: Summary for the Public"
325:
National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations
639:
586:to routinely test for the health-hazardous algae.
142:Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
1077:Water supply and sanitation in the United States
879:"Third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule"
767:"How EPA Regulates Drinking Water Contaminants"
905:EPA. "Subpart O—Consumer Confidence Reports."
849:. Fact sheet. EPA. May 1996. EPA 811-F-96-001.
727:
725:
444:Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule
230:National Secondary Drinking Water Regulations
45:United States Environmental Protection Agency
8:
1049:"State reps to introduce water-testing bill"
961:"Understanding the Safe Drinking Water Act."
427:Stage 1 Disinfectant/Disinfection By-product
596:Drinking water quality in the United States
97:National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
18:National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
963:Fact sheet. Document no. EPA 816-F-04-030.
680:"Information about Public Water Systems"
637:United States. Safe Drinking Water Act.
194:Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rules
630:
350:Established 22 drinking water standards
1082:Environmental law in the United States
528:Department of Environmental Protection
283:one specialized aspect of the subject
239:but toxic at a higher concentration.
7:
584:Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
1037:New York State Department of Health
1005:New Jersey Safe Drinking Water Act.
570:New York State Department of Health
644:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
197:replaced the previous set (UCMR2).
25:
733:"Learn About Private Water Wells"
272:
1087:Water law in the United States
1027:6NYCRR601 Water Supply Permits
512:Targeted: Microbiological and
502:Filter Backwash Recycling Rule
455:Targeted: Microbiological and
418:Targeted: Microbiological and
401:Targeted: VOCs, SOCs, and IOCs
385:Targeted: VOCs, SOCs, and IOCs
1:
893:"Consumer Confidence Reports"
438:Targeted: DBPs and precursors
281:This section focuses only on
27:In the United States, public
613:New York State Sanitary Code
407:Surface Water Treatment Rule
186:Information Collection Rule
88:Code of Federal Regulations
1108:
126:Maximum Contaminant Levels
54:
1092:Drinking water regulation
532:state administrative code
435:Contained 14 contaminants
398:Contained 23 contaminants
382:Contained 36 contaminants
216:Public Health Service Act
471:Contained 4 contaminants
452:Contained 2 contaminants
415:Contained 5 contaminants
363:Contained 8 contaminants
333:Contained 7 contaminants
176:Monitoring and reporting
1051:. Blade Columbus Bureau
490:Contained 1 contaminant
163:Disinfection Byproducts
119:Control of contaminants
57:Safe Drinking Water Act
41:Safe Drinking Water Act
712:"Public Water Systems"
144:(2006) for control of
110:Types of water systems
106:
1003:State of New Jersey.
330:Promulgated 1975-1981
204:water quality testing
104:
669:Approved 1974-12-16.
289:improve this article
224:District of Columbia
171:(last revised 2021).
169:Lead and Copper Rule
63:public water systems
51:Federal requirements
31:is governed by the
993:. EPA. 2017-03-08.
949:. EPA. 2015-11-09.
895:. EPA. 2016-10-26.
881:. EPA. 2016-01-28.
769:. EPA. 2020-01-27.
735:. EPA. 2018-12-18.
264:State requirements
250:water purification
107:
781:Federal Register,
747:Federal Register,
464:Radionuclide Rule
391:Phase 5 standards
375:Phase 2 standards
356:Phase 1 standards
310:
309:
16:(Redirected from
1099:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1045:
1039:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1001:
995:
994:
987:
981:
980:
970:
964:
957:
951:
950:
939:
933:
931:
921:
915:
913:
903:
897:
896:
889:
883:
882:
875:
869:
867:
857:
851:
850:
843:
837:
828:
822:
812:
806:
797:
791:
777:
771:
770:
763:
757:
743:
737:
736:
729:
720:
719:
708:
702:
701:
694:
688:
687:
676:
670:
645:
641:
635:
506:Promulgated 2001
487:Promulgated 2001
468:Promulgated 2000
449:Promulgated 1998
432:Promulgated 1998
412:Promulgated 1989
395:Promulgated 1992
379:Promulgated 1991
360:Promulgated 1987
305:
302:
296:
276:
275:
268:
254:sewage treatment
21:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1011:
1002:
998:
989:
988:
984:
973:
971:
967:
958:
954:
941:
940:
936:
924:
922:
918:
906:
904:
900:
891:
890:
886:
877:
876:
872:
860:
858:
854:
845:
844:
840:
829:
825:
813:
809:
798:
794:
778:
774:
765:
764:
760:
744:
740:
731:
730:
723:
710:
709:
705:
696:
695:
691:
678:
677:
673:
643:
636:
632:
627:
604:
592:
579:
566:
545:
540:
524:
338:trihalomethanes
318:
306:
300:
297:
286:
277:
273:
266:
245:
232:
212:
178:
147:Cryptosporidium
121:
112:
99:
59:
53:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1040:
1029:
1020:
1009:
996:
982:
965:
952:
934:
916:
898:
884:
870:
852:
838:
823:
807:
792:
772:
758:
738:
721:
716:Drinking Water
703:
689:
671:
660:42 U.S.C.
629:
628:
626:
623:
622:
621:
615:
610:
603:
602:External links
600:
599:
598:
591:
588:
578:
575:
565:
562:
544:
541:
539:
536:
523:
520:
519:
518:
517:
516:
510:
507:
499:
498:
497:
491:
488:
480:
479:
478:
472:
469:
461:
460:
459:
453:
450:
441:
440:
439:
436:
433:
424:
423:
422:
416:
413:
404:
403:
402:
399:
396:
388:
387:
386:
383:
380:
372:
371:
370:
364:
361:
353:
352:
351:
348:
334:
331:
317:
314:
308:
307:
280:
278:
271:
265:
262:
244:
241:
231:
228:
211:
208:
199:
198:
190:
177:
174:
173:
172:
166:
155:
139:
120:
117:
111:
108:
98:
95:
77:
76:
73:
70:
55:Main article:
52:
49:
29:drinking water
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1104:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1000:
997:
992:
986:
983:
979:
976:
969:
966:
962:
956:
953:
948:
944:
938:
935:
930:
927:
920:
917:
912:
909:
902:
899:
894:
888:
885:
880:
874:
871:
866:
863:
856:
853:
848:
842:
839:
836:
833:
827:
824:
821:, 2006-01-04.
820:
817:
811:
808:
805:
802:
796:
793:
790:, 2006-11-08.
789:
786:
782:
776:
773:
768:
762:
759:
756:, 2009-10-19.
755:
752:
748:
742:
739:
734:
728:
726:
722:
717:
713:
707:
704:
699:
693:
690:
685:
681:
675:
672:
668:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
642:
634:
631:
624:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
608:New York Laws
606:
605:
601:
597:
594:
593:
589:
587:
585:
576:
574:
571:
563:
561:
558:
555:
552:
548:
542:
537:
535:
533:
529:
521:
515:
511:
508:
505:
504:
503:
500:
496:
492:
489:
486:
485:
484:
481:
477:
476:Radionuclides
473:
470:
467:
466:
465:
462:
458:
454:
451:
448:
447:
445:
442:
437:
434:
431:
430:
429:(D/DBP) Rule
428:
425:
421:
417:
414:
411:
410:
408:
405:
400:
397:
394:
393:
392:
389:
384:
381:
378:
377:
376:
373:
369:
365:
362:
359:
358:
357:
354:
349:
347:
346:radionuclides
343:
339:
335:
332:
329:
328:
326:
323:
322:
321:
315:
313:
304:
301:December 2012
294:
290:
284:
279:
270:
269:
263:
261:
259:
255:
251:
242:
240:
236:
229:
227:
225:
221:
217:
209:
207:
205:
195:
191:
187:
183:
182:
181:
175:
170:
167:
164:
160:
159:Disinfectants
156:
153:
149:
148:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
132:
129:
127:
118:
116:
109:
103:
96:
94:
91:
89:
85:
80:
74:
71:
68:
67:
66:
64:
58:
50:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
19:
1055:19 September
1053:. Retrieved
1043:
1032:
1023:
1012:
999:
985:
968:
959:EPA (2004).
955:
946:
937:
919:
901:
887:
873:
855:
841:
826:
810:
795:
780:
775:
761:
746:
741:
715:
706:
692:
683:
674:
666:
633:
580:
567:
564:Organization
559:
556:
553:
549:
546:
525:
501:
483:Arsenic Rule
482:
463:
443:
426:
406:
390:
374:
355:
324:
319:
311:
298:
287:Please help
282:
246:
237:
233:
213:
200:
193:
185:
179:
145:
136:Ground Water
130:
122:
113:
92:
81:
78:
60:
26:
975:40 CFR
926:40 CFR
908:40 CFR
862:40 CFR
664:§ 300f
543:Regulations
509:Contained -
189:production.
165:Rule (2006)
138:Rule (2006)
37:regulations
1071:Categories
650:; 88
625:References
522:New Jersey
493:Targeted:
474:Targeted:
366:Targeted:
336:Targeted:
316:California
258:autoimmune
243:Compliance
150:and other
514:Turbidity
457:Turbidity
446:(IESWTR)
420:Turbidity
327:(NIPDWR)
293:talk page
152:pathogens
590:See also
538:New York
222:and the
157:Stage 2
84:Title 40
932:et seq.
929:141.201
914:et seq.
911:141.151
667:et seq.
640:Pub. L.
495:Arsenic
409:(SWTR)
342:arsenic
220:Wyoming
86:of the
865:141.40
662:
654:
648:93–523
646:
344:, and
978:143.1
788:65574
754:53590
652:Stat.
1057:2014
835:4198
656:1660
577:Ohio
568:The
368:VOCs
192:The
184:The
161:and
35:and
33:laws
819:388
804:654
783:71
749:74
1073::
945:.
832:FR
816:FR
801:FR
785:FR
751:FR
724:^
714:.
682:.
658:;
534:.
340:,
1059:.
868:.
303:)
299:(
295:.
285:.
154:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
