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the military leadership's choice of president. Under the military's constitution, the president was nominally elected by an absolute majority of both chambers meeting in joint session. In practice, ARENA's majority was so massive that its candidate could not possibly be defeated. During most of the
576:
ARENA had no real ideology other than support for the military, who used it mostly to rubber-stamp its agenda. In the elections of 1966 and 1970, ARENA won a vast majority of seats. Most agree that, at first, the MDB did not have any chance to pass or block any legislation. It also
545:
dictatorships, the
Brazilian military-controlled government did not abolish Congress. Instead, in 1965, the government banned all existing political parties and created a two-party system. ARENA, the pro-government party, was formed by politicians from the bulk of the UDN, the
624:
In 1979, in a manoeuvre to divide the opposition, the government ended the bipartisan party system, and ARENA was dissolved when the new political parties law became effective on 20 December 1979. In
January 1980, most of ARENA's former members founded the
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2406:
612:
In the 1974 legislative elections, MDB took many more seats than expected. It actually won a majority in the Senate, and came up just short of a majority in the
Chamber of Deputies. The government reacted by decreeing the recess of the
66:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
601:, which allowed him to close Congress and rule by decree. Almost as soon as he signed AI-5 into law, Costa e Silva used its provisions to close Congress for almost two years, thus placing Brazil under a tight dictatorship.
621:) which provided for the appointment of a third of senators, extended the presidential term to six years, restricted opposition power and even succeeded in annulling the mandates of some Congressmen of the MDB.
604:
Despite the large volume of studies on the
Brazilian military dictatorship, little is known about ARENA. There are historical doubts about the formation of the party, the reasons for the adhesion of most
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for suggesting that women should refuse to dance with military cadets. Congress turned the demand down, prompting Costa e Silva to issue the heavy-handed
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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members to ARENA, the ideological currents that permeated the ARENA party program and the extent to which ARENA was independent from the military.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Portuguese Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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586:. Indeed, during the first two elections under military rule, the MDB didn't even put up a presidential candidate.
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493:(PDS) was founded as a continuation of ARENA. Soon thereafter, PDS had a split which saw the creation of the
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and editing on April 13, 1977 a set of constitutional amendments and decree-laws known as April
Package (
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However, ARENA was not completely subservient. For example, in the late 1968 President
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was reintroduced to Brazil, both MDB and ARENA were officially dissolved, and the
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1709:
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1626:(1973—1974, 1970—1971, 1967, 1958—1964, 1955—1956, 1946—1951 and 1933—1935, by
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early part of the military regime, Brazil was, for all intents and purposes, a
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2522:"Há 40 anos, ditadura impunha Pacote de Abril e adiava abertura política"
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enforced by the dictatorship instituted in 1966, where only it and the
88:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
467:
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1847:
521:
Until 1965, there were three main parties in Brazil: the populist
569:. The main body of the PSD joined most of the PTB in forming the
598:
63:
2388:"Golpe de 1964: o que foi, contexto histórico, acontecimentos"
485:(MDB) — the "consented opposition" — were allowed. In 1979, a
119:
15:
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military dictatorship that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985
470:
between 1966 and 1979. It was the official party of the
55:
a machine-translated version of the
Portuguese article.
561:, plus the most right-wing factions of the PSD, the
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150:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2419:(in Portuguese). São Paulo: Contexto. p. 7.
593:demanded that Congress prosecute the congressman
1934:(2007—2018, by Progressives, and 1983—1987, by
2413:1964: History of the Brazilian military regime
84:accompanying your translation by providing an
46:Click for important translation instructions.
33:expand this article with text translated from
96:{{Translated|pt|Aliança Renovadora Nacional}}
8:
533:(UDN). In 1964, the government of President
2408:1964: História do regime militar brasileiro
240:
224:
210:Learn how and when to remove this message
2584:Political parties disestablished in 1979
2497:Brasil: de Castelo a Tancredo, 1964-1985
1252:
1036:
820:
641:
2499:(8. ed.). São Paulo: Paz e Terra.
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2599:Far-right political parties in Brazil
2559:Political parties established in 1965
2366:Atlas Histórico do Brasil - FGV CPDOC
2362:"ALIANÇA RENOVADORA NACIONAL (Arena)"
7:
2438:
2436:
1512:President of the Chamber of Deputies
148:adding citations to reliable sources
2554:Defunct political parties in Brazil
2520:Paganine, Joseana (31 March 2017).
501:(UNIÃO), while PDS merged with the
1271:Relevant offices by other parties
629:(PDS) as a continuation of ARENA.
554:(a supporter of the coup) and the
14:
2589:1979 disestablishments in Brazil
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509:(PPR), which became the current
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20:
2574:Military dictatorship in Brazil
1837:President of the Federal Senate
1754:President of the Federal Senate
135:needs additional citations for
2564:Conservative parties in Brazil
2360:Júnior, Olavo Brasil de Lima.
1152:
1019:
980:
936:
94:You may also add the template
1:
2579:1965 establishments in Brazil
2569:National conservative parties
1459:President-designate of Brazil
817:Chamber of Deputies elections
571:Brazilian Democratic Movement
537:was overthrown by a military
483:Brazilian Democratic Movement
222:Political party in Brazil
2495:Skidmore, Thomas E. (1999).
2202:Minister of Internal Affairs
1655:Adalberto Pereira dos Santos
1578:Minister of Mines and Energy
1316:Minister of Mines and Energy
754:Adalberto Pereira dos Santos
559:Popular Representation Party
304:Popular Representation Party
2594:Far-right political parties
541:, but in contrast to other
529:(PSD) and the conservative
453:Aliança Renovadora Nacional
280:December 20, 1979
233:Aliança Renovadora Nacional
159:"National Renewal Alliance"
107:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
2615:
2444:"PRESIDÊNCIA DA REPÚBLICA"
1862:Minister of Communications
1268:Relevant offices by ARENA
567:Christian Democratic Party
318:Christian Democratic Party
58:Machine translation, like
2528:(in Brazilian Portuguese)
2246:State deputy of São Paulo
1168:
952:
943:Supermajority government
899:Supermajority government
531:National Democratic Union
445:National Renewal Alliance
418:
409:
296:National Democratic Union
239:
230:National Renewal Alliance
35:the corresponding article
2526:Federal Senate of Brazil
2044:Fernando Collor de Mello
1787:Antônio Carlos Magalhães
1744:Vice President of Brazil
1668:Vice President of Brazil
1609:Vice President of Brazil
1553:Governor of Minas Gerais
1539:Vice President of Brazil
1469:Vice President of Brazil
1355:Emílio Garrastazu Médici
1126:Emílio Garrastazu Médici
910:Emílio Garrastazu Médici
713:Emílio Garrastazu Médici
548:Social Progressive Party
507:Reform Progressive Party
300:Social Progressive Party
1326:Humberto Castelo Branco
627:Democratic Social Party
599:Fifth Institutional Act
573:(MDB), the opposition.
527:Social Democratic Party
491:Democratic Social Party
381:Political position
329:Democratic Social Party
308:Social Democratic Party
265:April 4, 1966
105:For more guidance, see
1277:Artur da Costa e Silva
1082:Artur da Costa e Silva
866:Artur da Costa e Silva
677:Artur da Costa e Silva
638:Presidential elections
591:Artur da Costa e Silva
523:Brazilian Labour Party
2260:Governor of São Paulo
2014:Paulo Barreto Menezes
1895:Governor of São Paulo
1479:Minister of Education
1318:(1964, with no party)
563:National Labour Party
365:National conservatism
361:Brazilian nationalism
313:National Labour Party
78:copyright attribution
2405:Napolitano, Marcos.
2190:, and 1983—1987, by
2167:, and 1975—1979, by
2120:, and 2007—2019, by
1919:, and 1969—1971, by
1854:, and 1995—2001, by
1814:, and 1971—1975, by
1764:, and 1995—1997, by
1699:Governor of Maranhão
1500:, and 1935—1937, by
1026:Majority government
987:Majority government
595:Márcio Moreira Alves
525:(PTB), the centrist
477:ARENA was part of a
144:improve this article
2448:www.planalto.gov.br
2316:Federal Deputy for
2131:Federal Deputy for
2078:President of Brazil
1998:Federal Deputy for
1930:Federal Deputy for
1734:President of Brazil
1641:Minister of Finance
1622:Federal Deputy for
1562:Federal Deputy for
1488:Federal Deputy for
1426:President of Brazil
1397:President of Brazil
1368:President of Brazil
1339:President of Brazil
1290:President of Brazil
1255:
505:in 1993 became the
495:Liberal Front Party
2311:30 September 2010
2304:Vasco Azevedo Neto
2108:(2019—present, by
1909:Mayor of São Paulo
1633:and with no party)
1391:12 September 1996
1345:and with no party)
1330:20 September 1897
1308:and with no party)
1253:
487:multi-party system
423:Politics of Brazil
86:interlanguage link
2476:www.tre-ba.jus.br
2344:
2343:
2308:25 February 1916
2286:Vice Governor of
2230:Vice Governor of
2154:24 November 2020
2021:15 February 2016
1884:3 September 1931
1800:Governor of Bahia
1791:4 September 1927
1596:José Maria Alkmin
1420:24 December 1999
1284:17 December 1969
1249:Notorious members
1246:
1245:
1030:
1029:
814:
813:
718:Augusto Rademaker
633:Electoral history
615:National Congress
552:Adhemar de Barros
441:
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428:Political parties
325:Succeeded by
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2216:José Maria Marin
2186:, 1991—1995, by
2147:João Alves Filho
1959:Governor of Acre
1953:26 October 2010
1950:3 December 1920
1806:, 1979—1983, by
1760:, 2003—2005, by
1530:13 January 1929
1526:Aureliano Chaves
1417:15 January 1918
1359:4 December 1905
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479:two-party system
466:that existed in
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2248:(1971—1979, by
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2182:(2003—2007, by
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2018:9 October 1925
2002:(1963—1966, by
1991:(1989—1993, by
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1961:(1966—1971, by
1911:(1993—1997, by
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1864:(1985—1990, by
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1825:(1967—1970, by
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1775:(1991—2015, by
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1566:(1967—1975, by
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1492:(1959—1966, by
1471:(1967—1969, by
1428:(1979—1985, by
1413:João Figueiredo
1399:(1974—1979, by
1370:(1969—1974, by
1362:9 October 1985
1341:(1964—1967, by
1304:(1964—1966, by
1302:Minister of War
1292:(1967—1969, by
1281:3 October 1899
1254:Former members
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749:Ernesto Geisel
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543:Latin American
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1043:Party leader
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827:Party leader
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161: –
160:
156:
155:Find sources:
149:
145:
139:
138:
133:This article
131:
127:
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121:
108:
104:
101:
93:
87:
83:
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71:
68:
65:
61:
57:
54:
51:
50:
44:
38:
37:in Portuguese
36:
31:You can help
27:
18:
17:
2530:. Retrieved
2525:
2515:
2496:
2490:
2479:. Retrieved
2475:
2463:
2452:. Retrieved
2447:
2412:
2407:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2370:. Retrieved
2365:
2355:
2333:
2318:Minas Gerais
2291:
2249:
2239:
2223:
2178:Governor of
2168:
2151:3 July 1941
2104:Senator for
2087:Governor of
2063:
2051:
2031:
2026:Governor of
1977:
1968:Senator for
1962:
1946:Jorge Kalume
1920:
1917:Progressives
1902:
1887:
1846:Senator for
1826:
1815:
1811:
1771:Senator for
1713:
1708:Senator for
1702:
1691:
1671:
1627:
1624:Minas Gerais
1612:
1567:
1564:Minas Gerais
1556:
1546:
1493:
1490:Minas Gerais
1482:
1472:
1462:
1446:Pedro Aleixo
1433:
1400:
1371:
1342:
1305:
1293:
1069:
1064:
1056:
1051:
1046:
961:52.2 %
853:
848:
840:
835:
830:
800:
764:
728:
692:
682:Pedro Aleixo
661:
656:
652:Running mate
651:
623:
618:
611:
603:
588:
575:
535:João Goulart
520:
511:Progressives
499:Brazil Union
476:
456:
452:
444:
442:
335:Headquarters
206:
197:
187:
180:
173:
166:
154:
142:Please help
137:verification
134:
82:edit summary
73:
42:(March 2019)
40:
32:
2532:16 December
2274:Omar Sabino
2220:6 May 1932
1880:Paulo Maluf
1684:José Sarney
1265:Death date
1262:Birth date
1213:13,116,194
1174:10,067,796
1130:20,524,470
997:15,053,387
958:11,866,599
914:10,867,814
556:integralist
539:coup d'etat
200:August 2016
2548:Categories
2481:2022-11-04
2454:2020-07-28
2347:References
1989:Rio Branco
1746:(1985, by
1514:(1937, by
1481:(1966, by
1461:(1969, by
1086:7,719,382
870:8,731,638
449:Portuguese
405:Party flag
369:Militarism
320:(factions)
315:(factions)
310:(factions)
284:1979-12-20
269:1966-04-04
170:newspapers
2232:São Paulo
2159:Mayor of
2058:Mayor of
1987:Mayor of
1932:São Paulo
1821:Mayor of
1242:Majority
1203:Minority
1040:Election
1005:231 / 422
966:203 / 364
922:223 / 310
878:277 / 409
824:Election
645:Election
461:far-right
433:Elections
399:Dark blue
386:Far-right
277:Dissolved
249:President
100:talk page
1823:Salvador
1710:Maranhão
1065:Position
849:Position
565:and the
459:) was a
351:Ideology
345:, Brazil
339:Brasília
76:provide
2372:25 July
2180:Sergipe
2161:Aracaju
2133:Alagoas
2106:Alagoas
2089:Alagoas
2028:Sergipe
1221:15 / 23
1138:40 / 46
1094:19 / 23
801:Elected
797:61.10%
765:Elected
729:Elected
693:Elected
666:Result
517:History
392:Colours
282: (
267: (
262:Founded
184:scholar
98:to the
80:in the
39:.
2503:
2423:
2415:]
2224:living
2060:Maceió
2052:living
1888:living
1692:living
1628:ARENA,
1216:42.9%
1182:6 / 22
1177:41.0%
1133:60.4%
1089:56.6%
1070:Result
1000:50.4%
917:69.5%
873:64.0%
854:Result
468:Brazil
396:
256:(last)
186:
179:
172:
165:
157:
2472:(PDF)
2417:(PDF)
2411:[
2334:ARENA
2292:ARENA
2250:ARENA
2240:ARENA
2169:ARENA
2064:ARENA
2032:ARENA
1978:ARENA
1963:ARENA
1921:ARENA
1903:ARENA
1848:Bahia
1827:ARENA
1816:ARENA
1812:ARENA
1773:Amapá
1714:ARENA
1703:ARENA
1672:ARENA
1613:ARENA
1568:ARENA
1557:ARENA
1547:ARENA
1494:ARENA
1483:ARENA
1473:ARENA
1463:ARENA
1434:ARENA
1401:ARENA
1372:ARENA
1343:ARENA
1306:ARENA
1294:ARENA
1259:Name
1057:Seats
1047:Votes
841:Seats
831:Votes
725:100%
689:100%
457:ARENA
191:JSTOR
177:books
60:DeepL
2534:2021
2501:ISBN
2421:ISBN
2374:2023
2332:and
2288:Acre
2238:and
2194:and
2124:and
2116:and
2114:PROS
2095:and
2066:and
2000:Acre
1976:and
1970:Acre
1915:and
1901:and
1868:and
1810:and
1720:and
1615:and
1584:and
1545:and
1496:and
1432:and
1239:1st
1209:1978
1200:2nd
1165:1974
1156:1st
1121:1970
1112:1st
1077:1966
1061:+/–
1023:1st
993:1978
984:1st
949:1974
940:1st
905:1970
896:1st
888:277
861:1966
845:+/–
794:355
780:1978
761:84%
758:400
744:1974
722:293
708:1969
686:294
672:1966
443:The
163:news
74:must
72:You
53:View
2330:PDS
2326:PFL
2322:PSC
2264:PDS
2236:PDS
2206:PFL
2196:PFL
2192:PDS
2188:PFL
2184:PFL
2165:PFL
2137:PDS
2126:Act
2122:PTB
2110:Act
2097:Act
2093:MDB
2082:Act
2068:PDS
2004:PSD
1993:PDS
1974:PDS
1936:PDS
1913:PPR
1899:PDS
1870:PDS
1866:PFL
1856:PFL
1852:PFL
1841:PFL
1808:PDS
1804:PFL
1777:MDB
1766:MDB
1762:MDB
1758:MDB
1748:MDB
1738:MDB
1722:MDB
1718:PDS
1645:PSD
1631:PSD
1617:PSD
1586:PDS
1582:PFL
1543:PDS
1498:UDN
1430:PDS
1192:34
1148:21
1104:19
1015:28
976:20
932:54
607:UDN
550:of
503:PDC
146:by
62:or
2550::
2524:.
2474:.
2446:.
2435:^
2390:.
2364:.
2328:,
2324:,
2118:PL
2112:,
1716:,
1516:PP
1502:PP
1436:).
1403:).
1231:5
474:.
455:,
451::
341:,
2536:.
2509:.
2484:.
2457:.
2429:.
2394:.
2376:.
2336:)
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2242:)
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2006:)
1995:)
1980:)
1965:)
1938:)
1923:)
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1872:)
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1559:)
1549:)
1518:)
1504:)
1485:)
1475:)
1465:)
1374:)
1296:)
1052:%
836:%
809:Y
773:Y
737:Y
701:Y
662:%
447:(
286:)
271:)
213:)
207:(
202:)
198:(
188:·
181:·
174:·
167:·
140:.
109:.
102:.
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