284:), having dropped the word "Amalgamated", the union continued to experience financial difficulties and low membership. From the summer of 1910 the union worked to promote a national seamen's strike to combat the Shipping Federation. This finally took place in the summer of 1911. The union's control over the movement was incomplete. In many ports rank and file strike committees and activists played a more important organisational role than the union itself, and the union's long-standing programme was over-shadowed by demands for wage increases. Nonetheless, the strike greatly increased both the funds and the membership of the union, allowing it to emerge once again as a significant force. Following the strike-wave, the union gained official recognition from many shipowners.
1128:
507:. However, after the death of Havelock Wilson in 1929, the NUS quickly began to pursue a more mainstream policy and became reconciled with the rest of the trade union movement. It adopted the title 'National Union of Seamen' in 1926. The term failed to recognise that women were also members; some seawomen had earlier organized in an unsuccessful Guild of Stewardesses.
554:. That belatedly brought the NUS into line with the general practices of the trade union movement. More importantly, it brought greater connection to the union. Seafarers could be away from home for months or years and so "a union man" on board, not far off in the Clapham headquarters, enhanced solidarity.
263:
and other important centres in 1891–1893. These episodes depleted its funds and led to a large fall in membership. The union also became involved in a large number of expensive legal cases. Although partly due to the actions of shipowners, the difficulties experienced by the union in this period have
606:
The NUS re-affiliated to the Labour Party in 1931, and sponsored unsuccessful candidates at several general elections; generally in safe
Conservative seats, hoping to later sponsor a candidate in a winnable constituency. By 1960, it enjoyed a close relationship with the party and, unusually, every
510:
By 1932, the Seamen's
Minority Movement was 1,000-strong (less than a hundredth of the maritime workforce). Attempts were made among SMM black activists to combat the notorious postwar racism. Race riots had occurred in seaports such as South Shields, Liverpool and Cardiff. Also, the union itself
298:
Contemporaries often regarded the NSFU as a militant organisation because of the strikes in which it had involved itself in the late 1880s and in 1911. Yet from its inception the union expressed a belief in the possibility of industrial harmony, and announced itself in favour of establishing
562:
On 16 May 1966, the NUS launched its first national strike since 1911. The strike aimed to secure higher wages and to reduce the working week from 56 to 40 hours. It was widely supported by union members and caused great disruption to shipping, especially in
499:. Criticism of the NSFU became increasingly widespread with its apparent role in the 1925 Special Restriction (Coloured Alien Seamen) Order, which is seen as the first path-breaking attempt to expel non-British-born people; its failure to observe the
213:
432:, the union began collaborating closely with the Admiralty and shipowners in support of the war effort. From 1916, Havelock Wilson emerged as one of the most vehement supporters of the war in the labour movement, ostensibly because of
467:
In 1922, the arrangements were extended by the establishment of the "PC5 system", which was intended to allow the
Shipping Federation and the union to exercise joint control over access to employment in the shipping industry.
471:
In 1921, the
National Maritime Board imposed wage reductions, which were supported by the NSFU. The acceptance of cuts in pay provoked considerable resistance from ordinary seafarers and from the rival organisations: the
361:
247:
and other major ports. By 1889, it had 45 branches and a nominal membership of 80,000. But from 1890, it began to face determined resistance from shipowners, who formed an association, the
539:
there were widespread calls for reform of the NUS. Many members felt that the union was too closely associated with the employers and that it had failed to defend its members' interests.
201:
61:
957:
925:
893:
861:
804:
772:
1544:
1539:
511:
felt a duty to support its white
British-born members first during times of high unemployment. Key SMM figures in the 1920s and 1930s included Barbados-born, London-based
710:
678:
264:
also been attributed to its officials' taste for litigation and their inadequate handling of union finances. In 1893, the NASFU went into voluntary liquidation to avoid
646:
1564:
172:
480:. Other sections of the trade union and labour movement were also strongly critical of the NSFU's detrimental collusion with employers. That was especially the
523:
Movement widened the SMM's links and brought international attention to the NUS's failure to back the largest black and minority ethnic workforce in
Britain.
1554:
1509:
388:
459:
as a governing body for the merchant marine. The union's involvement in it allowed it to negotiate directly with shipowners over wages and conditions.
1559:
481:
436:'s conduct of the war at sea, especially the alleged targeting of non-combatant vessels. In 1917 the Union provoked controversy by refusing to convey
831:
1219:
Laura Tabili, "The
Construction of Racial Difference in Twentieth-Century Britain: The Special Restriction (Coloured Alien Seamen) Order, 1925",
51:
740:
503:
in 1926; and its support of a "non-political" Miners' Union in
Nottinghamshire. In September 1928, the Union was officially expelled from the
485:
477:
1549:
543:, building on the earlier Minority Movement, were established in many ports, and unofficial strikes took place in 1947, 1955 and 1960. A
578:
The political importance of the strike was enormous: the disruption of trade had an adverse effect on the United
Kingdom's (precarious)
334:
31:
1534:
1492:
799:
488:, intended as a viable alternative to the NSFU. Further wage reductions were made in 1923, and 1925, which again outraged members.
582:, provoked a run on the pound and threatened to undermine the government's attempts to keep wage increases below 3.5%. The Labour
856:
591:
35:
496:
1414:
1172:
1514:
686:
369:
168:
516:
197:
1088:
1051:
473:
292:
492:
1141:
1039:
1033:
449:
1232:
Christian Høgsbjerg, "Mariner, renegade and castaway: Chris
Braithwaite, seamen's organiser and Pan-Africanist",
608:
221:
594:
to bring down his administration. On 23 May, a week after the outbreak of the strike, the Government declared a
952:
920:
888:
767:
735:
705:
673:
641:
251:, to co-ordinate their strike-breaking and anti-union activity. The union fought and lost defensive actions in
17:
232:
became its president. It quickly spread to other ports and had become genuinely national by the end of 1888.
1133:
550:
A degree of reform was conceded in 1962, with the decision to allow a system of workplace representation by
456:
164:
500:
1021:
504:
156:
579:
248:
595:
304:
252:
50:
1519:
484:, which helped to merge the rival organisations referred to above into a new organisation, the
1488:
1410:
1374:
1358:
1339:
1323:
1307:
1168:
1009:
512:
308:
160:
441:
437:
417:
1076:
1070:
997:
396:
295:. At a national level, however, the NSFU was able to maintain and increase its supremacy.
229:
138:
130:
1234:
1203:
1113:
1027:
1015:
1003:
654:
583:
416:
Wilson was primarily sponsored by the Liberal Party, while Bell described himself as a
342:
193:
134:
102:
1528:
1293:"List of Parliamentary Labour candidates and election results, February 23rd, 1950".
1057:
965:
933:
901:
869:
812:
780:
748:
612:
587:
551:
146:
299:
conciliation procedures. The leadership of the union was not greatly influenced by '
1045:
598:, but emergency powers were not used. The strike finally came to an end on 1 July.
536:
1238:, October–December 2011, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 36–57, doi: 10.1177/0306396811414114.
311:
until 1919. Indeed, at the 1918 general election, it sponsored three candidates:
1480:
572:
532:
520:
429:
288:
189:
590:, was strongly critical of the strike, alleging that it had been taken over by
1476:
1278:"List of Endorsed Labour Candidates and Election Results, November 14, 1935".
1123:
1103:
515:(Chris Jones). His connections with many antiracist initiatives including the
265:
212:
568:
445:
303:'. Its founder and president, J. Havelock Wilson, served several terms as a
300:
244:
287:
In 1911/1912 the growth of the NSFU was checked by a breakaway movement in
1108:
142:
1127:
611:. In 1970, it finally secured its first sponsored Member of Parliament,
433:
260:
256:
236:
88:
1505:
1457:
The Strike and the Split – The NSFU and BSU in Southampton, 1911–1913
1446:
Power in trade unions: a study of their organization in Great Britain
1189:
The Strike and the Split – The NSFU and BSU in Southampton, 1911–1913
564:
240:
196:
from the late 1880s to 1990. In 1990, the union amalgamated with the
1391:"Parliamentary Labour candidates and election results, 3 May 1979".
235:
In 1888 and 1889 the union fought a number of successful strikes in
1456:
1393:
Report of the Seventy-Eighth Annual Conference of the Labour Party
211:
1379:
Report of the Seventy-Third Annual Conference of the Labour Party
1363:
Report of the Seventy-Third Annual Conference of the Labour Party
1312:
Report of the Fifty-Eighth Annual Conference of the Labour Party
1344:
Report of the Sixty-Ninth Annual Conference of the Labour Party
1328:
Report of the Sixty-Fifth Annual Conference of the Labour Party
1099:
Prominent figures who have held positions in the NUS include:
208:
National Amalgamated Sailors' and Firemen's Union (1887–1893)
491:
Militant resistance to the NSFU was expressed through the
455:
A further development in 1917 was the formation of the
1464:
The Seamen – a history of the National Union of Seamen
202:
National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers
62:
National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers
291:
and Glasgow which led to the formation of the rival
1280:
Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party
152:
124:
112:
94:
83:
75:
67:
57:
420:candidate. Cathery ran in the name of the union.
307:MP, and the union itself did not affiliate to the
272:National Sailors' and Firemen's Union (1894–1926)
226:National Amalgamated Sailors' and Firemen's Union
607:one of its local branches was affiliated to its
18:National Seamen's and Firemen's Union
1208:British Parliamentary Election Results 1918–49
452:to discuss the possibility of a peace policy.
271:
207:
448:, which had been convened in the wake of the
8:
1510:Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick
1295:Report of the Conference of the Labour Party
1265:Trade Unions and the Labour Party since 1945
43:
1354:
1352:
1545:Defunct trade unions of the United Kingdom
1471:Historical Directory of Trade Unions:Vol 3
617:
615:, who became a prominent national figure.
313:
49:
42:
1540:1887 establishments in the United Kingdom
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
444:to a conference of socialist parties in
27:Former trade union of the United Kingdom
1252:. Oxford: Malthouse Press. p. 135.
1199:
1197:
1167:. London: Pluto Press. pp. 50–54.
1158:
1156:
1152:
1267:. Liverpool: George Allen & Unwin.
1248:Marsh, Arthur; Ryan, Victoria (1989).
482:National Transport Workers' Federation
1565:Water transport in the United Kingdom
278:National Sailors' and Firemen's Union
7:
1515:BBC – Report on 1966 seamen's strike
547:was established in the latter year.
497:Transport Workers' Minority Movement
1555:Trade unions disestablished in 1990
535:made the union stronger. After the
32:National Union of Seamen of America
1469:Arthur Marsh & Victoria Ryan,
1462:Arthur Marsh & Victoria Ryan,
220:The Seamen's Union was founded in
25:
1485:The Making of the Labour Movement
1163:Eaton, Jack; Gill, Colin (1981).
545:National Seamen's Reform Movement
486:Amalgamated Marine Workers' Union
478:National Union of Ship's Stewards
1560:Trade unions established in 1887
1126:
36:National Union of Seamen (Ghana)
30:For similarly named unions, see
1409:. BBC Data Publications. 1983.
517:Colonial Seamen's Organisation
1:
1506:Catalogue of the NUS archives
362:Kingston upon Hull South West
192:of merchant seafarers in the
198:National Union of Railwaymen
495:(founded 1924) part of the
1581:
1221:Journal of British Studies
1142:Eastcote, Northamptonshire
493:Seamen's Minority Movement
276:Relaunched in 1894 as the
87:Maritime House, Old Town,
29:
1263:Harrison, Martin (1960).
1223:33 (January 1994): 54–98.
1165:The Trade Union Directory
1095:Other prominent officials
857:1974 Oct general election
800:1974 Feb general election
798:
609:Constituency Labour Party
527:Postwar growth of dissent
48:
1535:National Union of Seamen
541:Rank and File Committees
474:British Seafarers' Union
293:British Seafarers' Union
182:National Union of Seamen
44:National Union of Seamen
1550:Seafarers' trade unions
1134:Organized labour portal
958:Kingston upon Hull East
926:Kingston upon Hull East
894:Kingston upon Hull East
862:Kingston upon Hull East
805:Kingston upon Hull East
773:Kingston upon Hull East
457:National Maritime Board
1444:Victor Leonard Allen,
1407:General Election Guide
428:After the outbreak of
217:
1022:William Robert Spence
953:1987 general election
921:1983 general election
889:1979 general election
768:1970 general election
736:1966 general election
706:1959 general election
674:1950 general election
642:1935 general election
505:Trades Union Congress
215:
1487:(Nottingham, 1994),
711:Liverpool West Derby
679:Portsmouth Langstone
188:) was the principal
1210:, pp. 97, 138, 158.
991:General Secretaries
580:balance of payments
249:Shipping Federation
45:
1520:The Marine Society
1473:(Aldershot, 1987).
647:Birmingham Yardley
596:state of emergency
450:Russian Revolution
228:. Its founder, J.
218:
1010:William J. Davies
983:
982:
531:The NUS's almost-
513:Chris Braithwaite
414:
413:
178:
177:
16:(Redirected from
1572:
1449:
1442:
1421:
1420:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1395:: 406–431. 1979.
1388:
1382:
1372:
1366:
1356:
1347:
1337:
1331:
1321:
1315:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1297:: 179–198. 1950.
1290:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1239:
1230:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1201:
1192:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1160:
1136:
1131:
1130:
970:
969:
968:
938:
937:
936:
906:
905:
904:
874:
873:
872:
842:
841:
840:
817:
816:
815:
785:
784:
783:
753:
752:
751:
721:
720:
719:
691:
690:
689:
659:
658:
657:
618:
602:Election results
537:Second World War
442:Ramsay MacDonald
438:Arthur Henderson
418:Coalition Labour
401:
400:
399:
374:
373:
372:
347:
346:
345:
314:
105:
58:Merged into
53:
46:
21:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1525:
1524:
1502:
1466:(Oxford, 1989).
1452:
1443:
1424:
1417:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1390:
1389:
1385:
1373:
1369:
1357:
1350:
1338:
1334:
1322:
1318:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1231:
1227:
1218:
1214:
1202:
1195:
1186:
1182:
1175:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1150:
1132:
1125:
1122:
1097:
1077:Havelock Wilson
1071:Samuel Plimsoll
1066:
998:Havelock Wilson
993:
988:
964:
963:
962:
932:
931:
930:
900:
899:
898:
868:
867:
866:
838:
837:
836:
811:
810:
809:
779:
778:
777:
747:
746:
745:
717:
716:
715:
685:
684:
683:
653:
652:
651:
604:
560:
529:
465:
463:Interwar period
426:
397:Havelock Wilson
395:
394:
393:
368:
367:
366:
341:
340:
339:
274:
230:Havelock Wilson
224:in 1887 as the
216:Havelock Wilson
210:
139:Samuel Plimsoll
131:Havelock Wilson
127:
119:
115:
108:
101:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1578:
1576:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1508:, held at the
1501:
1500:External links
1498:
1497:
1496:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1422:
1415:
1398:
1383:
1381:, pp. 391–411.
1367:
1365:, pp. 371–390.
1348:
1346:, pp. 289–312.
1332:
1330:, pp. 308–330.
1316:
1314:, pp. 179–201.
1300:
1285:
1270:
1255:
1240:
1235:Race and Class
1225:
1212:
1204:F. W. S. Craig
1193:
1180:
1173:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1114:Manny Shinwell
1111:
1106:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1083:Post abolished
1079:
1073:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1028:Charles Jarman
1024:
1018:
1016:Edmund Cathery
1012:
1006:
1004:Edmund Cathery
1000:
992:
989:
987:
984:
981:
980:
977:
974:
971:
960:
955:
949:
948:
945:
942:
939:
928:
923:
917:
916:
913:
910:
907:
896:
891:
885:
884:
881:
878:
875:
864:
859:
853:
852:
849:
846:
843:
839:Malcolm Bailey
834:
828:
827:
824:
821:
818:
807:
802:
796:
795:
792:
789:
786:
775:
770:
764:
763:
760:
757:
754:
743:
738:
732:
731:
728:
725:
722:
713:
708:
702:
701:
698:
695:
692:
681:
676:
670:
669:
666:
663:
660:
655:Charles Jarman
649:
644:
638:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
603:
600:
584:Prime Minister
559:
556:
528:
525:
501:general strike
464:
461:
425:
422:
412:
411:
408:
405:
402:
391:
385:
384:
381:
378:
375:
364:
358:
357:
354:
351:
348:
343:Edmund Cathery
337:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
273:
270:
209:
206:
194:United Kingdom
176:
175:
154:
150:
149:
135:Manny Shinwell
128:
125:
122:
121:
116:
113:
110:
109:
107:
106:
103:United Kingdom
98:
96:
92:
91:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1577:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1493:0-85124-565-X
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1301:
1296:
1289:
1286:
1282:: 8–23. 1935.
1281:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1058:Sam McCluskie
1055:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1001:
999:
995:
994:
990:
985:
978:
975:
972:
967:
966:John Prescott
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
950:
946:
943:
940:
935:
934:John Prescott
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
914:
911:
908:
903:
902:John Prescott
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
882:
879:
876:
871:
870:John Prescott
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
850:
847:
844:
835:
833:
830:
829:
825:
822:
819:
814:
813:John Prescott
808:
806:
803:
801:
797:
793:
790:
787:
782:
781:John Prescott
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
761:
758:
755:
750:
749:John Prescott
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
733:
729:
726:
723:
718:Aubrey Paxton
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
699:
696:
693:
688:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
667:
664:
661:
656:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
619:
616:
614:
613:John Prescott
610:
601:
599:
597:
593:
589:
588:Harold Wilson
585:
581:
576:
574:
570:
566:
557:
555:
553:
552:shop stewards
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
526:
524:
522:
518:
514:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
469:
462:
460:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
423:
421:
419:
409:
406:
403:
398:
392:
390:
389:South Shields
387:
386:
382:
379:
376:
371:
365:
363:
360:
359:
355:
352:
349:
344:
338:
336:
333:
332:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
315:
312:
310:
306:
305:Liberal Party
302:
296:
294:
290:
285:
283:
279:
269:
267:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
231:
227:
223:
214:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
155:
151:
148:
147:John Prescott
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
123:
120:45,654 (1980)
118:65,000 (1889)
117:
111:
104:
100:
99:
97:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
63:
60:
56:
52:
47:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1484:
1470:
1463:
1445:
1406:
1401:
1392:
1386:
1378:
1375:Labour Party
1370:
1362:
1359:Labour Party
1343:
1340:Labour Party
1335:
1327:
1324:Labour Party
1319:
1311:
1308:Labour Party
1303:
1294:
1288:
1279:
1273:
1264:
1258:
1249:
1243:
1233:
1228:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1188:
1183:
1164:
1098:
1082:
1046:Bill Hogarth
687:Percy Knight
624:Constituency
605:
577:
561:
549:
544:
540:
530:
509:
490:
470:
466:
454:
427:
415:
370:John R. Bell
317:Constituency
309:Labour Party
297:
286:
281:
277:
275:
234:
225:
219:
200:to form the
185:
181:
179:
153:Affiliations
84:Headquarters
40:
1481:Tony Topham
1455:WB Jones, "
573:Southampton
533:closed shop
521:Pan-African
430:World War I
424:World War I
289:Southampton
190:trade union
1529:Categories
1477:Ken Coates
1416:094635815X
1250:The Seamen
1187:WB Jones,
1174:0861043502
1148:References
1104:Joe Cotter
1089:Jim Slater
1064:Presidents
1052:Jim Slater
986:Leadership
832:New Forest
633:Percentage
592:Communists
326:Percentage
266:bankruptcy
222:Sunderland
126:Key people
1448:, p. 277.
1040:Jim Scott
1034:Tom Yates
741:Southport
636:Position
627:Candidate
569:Liverpool
446:Stockholm
329:Position
320:Candidate
301:socialism
245:Liverpool
114:Members
76:Dissolved
1120:See also
1109:Tom Mann
621:Election
519:and the
476:and the
143:Tom Mann
95:Location
558:Strikes
434:Germany
261:Cardiff
257:Bristol
237:Glasgow
204:(RMT).
89:Clapham
68:Founded
1491:
1479:&
1413:
1171:
1087:1986:
1081:1929:
1075:1894:
1069:1887:
1056:1986:
1050:1974:
1044:1962:
1038:1961:
1032:1948:
1026:1942:
1020:1928:
1014:1927:
1008:1926:
1002:1894:
996:1887:
973:27,287
941:23,615
909:39,411
877:34,190
845:12,737
820:41,300
788:36,859
756:12,798
724:19,386
694:17,691
662:18,879
565:London
404:19,514
335:Bootle
241:Seaham
161:Labour
630:Votes
377:5,005
350:7,235
323:Votes
1489:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1169:ISBN
976:56.3
944:49.9
912:62.5
880:62.4
848:20.4
823:70.0
791:71.4
759:29.2
727:46.0
697:35.4
665:42.3
571:and
440:and
407:75.2
380:30.9
353:37.0
282:NSFU
253:Hull
180:The
169:BSJC
79:1990
71:1887
34:and
186:NUS
173:ITF
165:NMB
157:TUC
1531::
1483:,
1425:^
1377:,
1361:,
1351:^
1342:,
1326:,
1310:,
1206:,
1196:^
1155:^
979:1
947:1
915:1
883:1
851:3
826:1
794:1
762:2
730:2
700:2
668:2
586:,
575:.
567:,
410:1
383:2
356:2
268:.
259:,
255:,
243:,
239:,
171:,
167:,
163:,
159:,
145:,
141:,
137:,
133:,
1495:.
1459:"
1419:.
1191:.
1177:.
280:(
184:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
