791:
865:
1630:
572:
550:
506:
483:
460:
438:
416:
394:
372:
350:
528:
853:
319:
56:
734:國樂／国乐) that could be performed at court ceremonies. He proposed that officials collect both ancient music and examples of state music from abroad and, on that basis, design an anthem for the Qing. The Ceremonial Council (Dianliyuan 典禮院／典礼院), which had just replaced the Ministry of Rites, responded on 15 July of that year. It put Putong (
1642:
884:
1097:
Firm and Stable be the "golden cup" (which means the empire) domed by the
Celestial concave. In it, men and things happily prosper. Glad are we who live in the time of Purity. May Heaven protect and secure us from enemies and help us to reach the truly golden age! Oh! The Blue firmament is infinitely
652:
to be played as China's anthem in various state ceremonies and suggested the Qing adopt it as its official anthem, but the court did not approve. That song's lyrics and melody have both been lost for a very long time. However, an instrumental version of the anthem has been found and a part of what is
706:
regime in 1888) was played in the new-style schools that taught modern topics like science and engineering. The
Chinese lyrics – "To unify old territories, our ancient Asian country of four thousand years sighs in sorrow for the Jews, India, and Poland. Reading the history of those who have lost
765:
as its national anthem on 4 October 1911. The edict announcing the new anthem, and sometimes even the anthem's music and lyrics, were published in newspapers, and the court instructed the Navy and Army to practice the song, which was also transmitted to China's ambassadors throughout the world.
634:
used music for various ceremonies, but never had official anthems representing the country. By the end of the nineteenth century, however, Qing China was constantly in contact with foreign countries and started to require a national anthem "for diplomatic convenience".
139:
144:
145:
136:
141:
143:
140:
135:
134:
133:
142:
138:
137:
2144:
4735:
2208:
834:
The person who was nominally put in charge of the anthem's music was Putong, an imperial relative. Aided by assistants in the
Imperial Guard, he composed the music based on the models found in the
2042:
2803:
4335:
4311:
2764:
4832:
1087:
4351:
790:
2137:
4964:
3215:
2808:
612:
2644:
4780:
4000:
132:
4519:
864:
4008:
3992:
3395:
2483:
4750:
4188:
4065:
4049:
3195:
2223:
4327:
4024:
3842:
3653:
1839:
4907:
4618:
4319:
4073:
4057:
2628:
2599:
2218:
1674:
752:(1854–1921), a translator of European scientific and philosophical treatises and an advisor to the Qing Navy, was charged with writing the lyrics. Guo Cengxin (
727:
302:(1644–1912) on 4 October 1911. Its title references the "golden cup", a ritual instrument that symbolized the empire. Six days after the anthem's adoption, the
664:
in 1895, he was again asked to provide China's national anthem for performance at state receptions. He hastily adapted some court music to a slightly modified
693:, it was played on ceremonial occasions, but like the songs promoted by Zeng Jize and Li Hongzhang, was never officially adopted as the Qing national anthem.
4795:
2300:
3811:
3920:
1075:, meant "sharing the same goals and loyalties" or being part of the same army. In modern transcriptions of the lyrics, that phrase is often miswritten as
660:(1823–1901) visited Western Europe and Russia in 1896 as a special envoy charged with learning about foreign institutions after the disastrous end of the
1292:
1090:
3806:
3085:
2288:
2273:
711:
themes of ethnic crisis and loss of national territory, but many considered these too far from the usual themes of ceremonial music to be acceptable.
1975:
4902:
4827:
4720:
4613:
4164:
3826:
3400:
536:
131:
4593:
4148:
3370:
1457:
605:
491:
4367:
3240:
3011:
2350:
4785:
4512:
3816:
3786:
3042:
2283:
1506:
1446:
1427:
1900:
4995:
4463:
4236:
4204:
4032:
2512:
2263:
2176:
1915:
809:
1516:———; Eccles, Lance (2007), "Anthem for a Dying Dynasty: The Qing National Anthem through the Eyes of a Court Musician",
826:, who wrote the lyrics, glossed the title and first line of the anthem as "Firm and stable be the 'golden cup' (which means the empire)."
3796:
2181:
2085:
770:
took place on
October 10 (six days after the anthem was promulgated) and quickly led to the fall of the dynasty. The foundation of the
4598:
4132:
3791:
2728:
2097:
1970:
1794:
598:
446:
4577:
3587:
3017:
2858:
2733:
2090:
1667:
4284:
4755:
4505:
4439:
4343:
3976:
3960:
3928:
3495:
2828:
1316:
842:律呂正義後編／律吕正义后编; 1746), an imperial compilation that complemented a much shorter 1724 work on ceremonial music commissioned by the
3561:
771:
158:
4822:
4703:
4292:
3638:
3305:
2945:
2188:
1875:
1761:
820:鞏 means "to consolidate" or "to strengthen," the entire title may be translated as "strengthening our hold on the golden cup."
646:– was the Qing envoy to France, Britain, and Russia for several years starting in 1878. Around 1880, he composed a song called
1910:
1849:
1809:
4949:
3485:
3480:
3455:
2529:
2395:
2163:
1819:
190:
2010:
1950:
4698:
4383:
4944:
4715:
3111:
3078:
2963:
2738:
2594:
2278:
2268:
2253:
2248:
2080:
2030:
1784:
1079:同胞 ("compatriot"), a term with racial connotations that the Manchu nobles who ruled Qing China purposely wanted to avoid.
204:
4912:
4842:
4603:
4455:
4212:
4140:
3658:
3340:
3200:
2722:
2500:
2367:
2233:
2127:
1737:
1727:
1660:
1605:
852:
745:
631:
514:
468:
4760:
661:
4954:
4891:
4567:
4172:
3668:
3265:
2639:
2622:
2132:
2107:
2070:
1980:
1940:
1692:
812:
used such a vessel for ritual purposes. Inlaid with pearls and gems, it was known as the "Cup of
Eternal Solid Gold" (
4665:
4588:
3422:
3350:
3250:
3022:
2468:
1620:
626:
336:
295:
1930:
1717:
4447:
4423:
3709:
3673:
3620:
3556:
3465:
3300:
3235:
3032:
2751:
2680:
2473:
2005:
1799:
3121:
5000:
4927:
4775:
4770:
4740:
4660:
4562:
4180:
4089:
3801:
3500:
3440:
3360:
3141:
3103:
3071:
2953:
2773:
2507:
2478:
2228:
307:
4648:
3952:
3605:
687:
Another unofficial anthem was written for the new Qing ground forces that were established in 1906. Entitled
4693:
4680:
4633:
4608:
4391:
4220:
3984:
3874:
3693:
3220:
3151:
2549:
2015:
2000:
1834:
1732:
580:
329:(618–907) poem to ceremonial music to serve as China's unofficial anthem during his visit to Europe in 1896.
4815:
4810:
4653:
3551:
3541:
3536:
3385:
3335:
1557:
4990:
4985:
4939:
4852:
4710:
4552:
4244:
4116:
3936:
3526:
3490:
3450:
3175:
2930:
2818:
2699:
2524:
1742:
1083:
689:
402:
2823:
1885:
1789:
1420:
Manchus & Han: Ethnic
Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China 1861–1928
5005:
4730:
4638:
4471:
4431:
4375:
4228:
3760:
3004:
2863:
2490:
2452:
2340:
2320:
2238:
2037:
2020:
1854:
4932:
1477:
3521:
4765:
4547:
4108:
4081:
3688:
3546:
3531:
3330:
3275:
2935:
2902:
2868:
2813:
2693:
2675:
2385:
2315:
2122:
1905:
680:
380:
3595:
3355:
4862:
4643:
4260:
3475:
3470:
3460:
3430:
3280:
2988:
2838:
2778:
2710:
2390:
2243:
2198:
1945:
1824:
1804:
1712:
907:
17:
3821:
4847:
4415:
4407:
4156:
3968:
3944:
3765:
3730:
3633:
3628:
3610:
3445:
3404:
2873:
2584:
2579:
2405:
2345:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2149:
1995:
1814:
1533:
912:
558:
4479:
4877:
4872:
4805:
4745:
3879:
3678:
3663:
3435:
3310:
3295:
3131:
2883:
2878:
2853:
2798:
2793:
2716:
2664:
2569:
2400:
2305:
2102:
2065:
1990:
1920:
1890:
1844:
1502:
1442:
1423:
1062:
923:
898:
891:
795:
723:
272:
264:
1577:
95:
4917:
4837:
4196:
3869:
3864:
3770:
3648:
3037:
2920:
2843:
2783:
2589:
2310:
2171:
2117:
1960:
1925:
1829:
1754:
1722:
1525:
1469:
1391:". Other sources translate the same lines as "United in happiness and mirth, As long as the
871:
767:
741:
708:
675:
303:
227:
61:
4922:
4867:
4857:
4800:
4670:
4628:
4623:
4268:
4252:
3600:
3315:
3290:
3165:
3052:
2998:
2848:
2833:
2657:
2112:
2075:
2025:
1985:
1935:
1880:
1749:
1473:
1093:
to explain the Qing anthem, and ended his letter with a rough translation of the lyrics:
248:
4959:
3643:
3320:
3190:
3185:
2915:
2788:
2554:
2517:
1965:
1955:
1895:
1071:
843:
758:), who had worked for the Ministry of Rites, made some minor modifications at the end.
318:
4979:
4790:
3895:
3750:
3735:
3725:
3683:
3285:
3260:
3245:
3136:
3027:
2993:
2958:
2574:
2564:
2380:
1771:
4534:
4276:
4040:
3755:
3745:
3325:
3270:
3116:
3047:
2744:
2686:
2375:
2357:
2213:
1683:
1646:
1634:
1107:
703:
671:
657:
326:
322:
299:
234:
74:
130:
4542:
4359:
3577:
3345:
3180:
3146:
2983:
2704:
2425:
2420:
678:
and presented that song as the Qing anthem. That song later became known as the
648:
643:
358:
3516:
3126:
2651:
2495:
2445:
2415:
2258:
1567:
1562:
1552:
163:
1529:
638:
Qing diplomats were one of the first to suggest adopting an official anthem.
3155:
2440:
2430:
1572:
808:(金甌／金瓯), or golden wine vessel, symbolized an "indestructible country". The
639:
3390:
3170:
4497:
55:
4736:
Song of the
Military and Political University of Resistance Against Japan
4725:
3740:
3255:
3210:
3205:
2925:
2670:
2617:
2559:
2435:
2410:
698:
1537:
4399:
3380:
3230:
3225:
2910:
27:
First national anthem of China; national anthem of Qing China (1911-12)
1652:
128:
4887:
4293:
Provisional
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam
4016:
3094:
918:
887:
823:
749:
85:
1497:
Ascendant Peace in the Four Seas: Drama and the Qing
Imperial Court
1370:, Vol. 1, 1895–1912 (Cambridge University Press, 1976), pp. 768–69.
1069:同袍 (lit., "sharing the same robes"), an allusion to a verse in the
4685:
3159:
3063:
2634:
2193:
1495:
883:
666:
317:
890:, the scholar and naval advisor who wrote the anthem's lyrics in
2293:
1458:"Da Qing guo de guoge 大清國的國歌 [The Qing National Anthem]"
1038:
775:
4501:
3067:
1656:
740:) (1877–1950) — a Manchu noble and direct descendant of the
707:
their countries, we shiver in our hearts!" – emphasized the
684:, but was never officially recognized as a national anthem.
2804:
Convention
Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet
1568:
Rendition on YouTube, as portrayed in Towards the Republic
1272:
1270:
1268:
1061:天幬／天帱 (literally, the "canopy of Heaven") referred to the
1231:
1229:
1164:
1162:
1106:清 that Yan rendered as "Purity" was also the name of the
4833:
Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No New China
1501:, Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press,
1065:, which a legitimate dynasty was supposed to represent.
1439:
World National Anthem Encyclopedia New Edition 新编世界国歌博览
778:
officially abdicated a little more than a month later.
1422:, Seattle and London: University of Washington Press,
1618:
1441:, Shanghai: Shanghai Music Publishing House 上海音乐出版社,
1395:
rules" (see table above) and "Blest compatriots, the
269:
253:
239:
31:
730:
the Qing court to adopt a stately "national music" (
4965:
The Anti-Communist and Anti-Russian Aggression Song
4886:
4679:
4576:
4533:
4304:
4101:
3911:
3904:
3888:
3855:
3835:
3779:
3718:
3702:
3619:
3586:
3570:
3509:
3421:
3414:
3369:
3102:
2976:
2944:
2901:
2894:
2809:
Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory
2763:
2608:
2540:
2461:
2366:
2162:
2053:
1863:
1770:
1700:
1691:
263:
247:
233:
226:
221:
203:
189:
180:
121:
109:
101:
91:
81:
39:
1494:
1387:喜同袍，清時幸遭" as "Glad are we who live in the time of
1317:Site of the Imperial Qing Restoration Organization
696:A Chinese version of the Japanese national anthem
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
4751:Osmanthus Flowers Blooming Everywhere in August
2209:Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations
4908:National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China
4619:National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China
4513:
3079:
2629:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
2600:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1668:
1035:All of mankind will be filled with happiness,
964:
936:
753:
735:
606:
209:
195:
45:
8:
4796:Long Live Comrade Mao for Ten Thousand Years
30:
1086:, on 16 March 1912 Yan Fu wrote to British
748:— in charge of writing the melody, whereas
4520:
4506:
4498:
3908:
3418:
3086:
3072:
3064:
2898:
1697:
1675:
1661:
1653:
1585:
774:was announced for 1 January 1912, and the
613:
599:
332:
218:
2289:Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
1291:, p. 453, citing a letter by Yan to
836:Complement to the Treatise on Pitch Pipes
722:On 25 January 1911, an official from the
4903:National Anthem of the Republic of China
4828:Sailing the Seas Depends on the Helmsman
4721:Military Anthem of the Eighth Route Army
4614:National Anthem of the Republic of China
2138:Imperial Edict of the Abdication of Puyi
1400:
1363:
1339:
1327:
1288:
1276:
1259:
1247:
1235:
1220:
1208:
1196:
1184:
1168:
1134:
903:
882:
794:Cup of Eternal Solid Gold, preserved in
789:
4594:China Heroically Stands in the Universe
2745:Complete Library of the Four Treasuries
1625:
1366:, p. 453, citing Lo Hui-min, ed.,
1127:
897:The lyrics, composed by Yan Fu, are in
848:
492:China Heroically Stands in the Universe
335:
1304:
642:(1839–1890) – eldest son of statesman
271:
177:
29:
4781:March of the People's Liberation Army
4699:Workers, Peasants and Soldiers, Unite
4192:(then the State of Cambodia, 1979–92)
3043:Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions
2284:Principles of the Constitution (1908)
1098:high and the seas flow everlastingly.
1045:And its vast boundaries be protected.
7:
2264:Ministry of Posts and Communications
1563:Rendition on YouTube, without lyrics
1474:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5258.2006.03.010
1368:The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison
3012:History of Qing (People's Republic)
1082:Answering a request transmitted by
18:National anthem of the Qing Dynasty
4786:I Love the Motherland's Blue Skies
4599:Song of Five Races Under One Union
2729:Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor
2098:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
2091:1909 Provincial Assembly elections
1971:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)
1795:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
1351:
1180:
1153:
447:Song of Five Races Under One Union
306:broke out, and quickly led to the
25:
4761:When the Motherland Calls Upon Us
3956:(then the Russian SFSR, (1917–18)
3018:Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty
2859:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)
2734:Shamanism during the Qing dynasty
1886:Dogra–Tibetan war (Sino-Sikh war)
125:
4756:The Sky Above the Liberated Zone
4264:(1888—1932, now as royal salute)
3972:(then the Soviet Union, 1918–44)
2829:Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking
2145:Articles of Favourable Treatment
1901:Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)
1640:
1628:
863:
851:
570:
548:
526:
504:
481:
458:
436:
414:
392:
370:
348:
54:
4666:Song of the National Revolution
1876:Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813
1762:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
1033:All of creation will celebrate,
804:(甌) was a kind of wine vessel.
726:called Cao Guangquan (曹廣權／曹广权)
40:English: Cup of Solid Gold
4950:Chiang Ching-kuo Memorial Song
4189:People's Republic of Kampuchea
3827:Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2530:Guest House of Imperial Envoys
1820:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
1573:Sheet music, lyrics, and audio
1493:——— (2012),
1379:Yan Fu renders the two lines "
965:
937:
782:was never performed publicly.
537:Three Principles of the People
270:
254:
240:
210:
196:
46:
1:
4945:Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Song
4741:Three Rules and Eight Notices
4661:Marshal Training Soldier Song
3812:Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug
2964:Banknotes of the Da Qing Bank
2739:Islam during the Qing dynasty
2595:Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)
2279:Provincial military commander
2269:Nine Gates Infantry Commander
2254:Imperial Household Department
2081:Preparative Constitutionalism
1785:Sino-Russian border conflicts
1418:Rhoads, Edward J. M. (2000),
4913:Ode to the Republic of China
4604:Song to the Auspicious Cloud
4168:(in the mainland, 1930-1949)
4069:(then Turkmenistan, 1946–96)
3405:Taiwan independence movement
2723:Researches on Manchu Origins
2128:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
1738:Transition from Ming to Qing
1728:Later Jin invasion of Joseon
1606:Song to the Auspicious Cloud
1399:era encounters prosperity" (
761:The Qing government adopted
754:
736:
632:Dynasties in Chinese history
515:Song to the Auspicious Cloud
469:Song to the Auspicious Cloud
4996:Historical national anthems
4955:Go and Reclaim the Mainland
4823:Learn from Comrade Lei Feng
4568:Anthem of the Beiyang Fleet
2623:Changzhou School of Thought
2133:1911 Revolution in Xinjiang
2108:Railway Protection Movement
2086:1909 Parliamentary election
2071:British expedition to Tibet
1981:Qing reconquest of Xinjiang
1941:Self-Strengthening Movement
1916:Nepal–Tibet War (1855–1856)
1437:Qian 钱, Renkang 仁康 (2010),
1043:May the enlightened empire,
1029:Solidify our golden empire,
32:
5022:
4686:People's Republic of China
4061:(then Tajikistan, 1946–94)
4053:(then Kyrgyzstan, 1946–92)
4004:(then Azerbaijan, 1944–92)
3152:People's Republic of China
3023:Legacy of the Qing dynasty
1911:Miao Rebellion (1854–1873)
1850:Miao Rebellion (1795–1806)
1840:Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa
1810:Miao Rebellion (1735–1736)
1031:Follow the will of Heaven,
627:Historical Chinese anthems
624:
73:Former national anthem of
3797:Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
3033:Names of the Qing dynasty
2681:Manchu Han Imperial Feast
2011:Dungan Revolt (1895–1896)
2006:Gongche Shangshu movement
1951:Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)
1800:Chinese Rites controversy
1601:
1594:
1588:
1456:Ye, Xiaoqing 葉小青 (2006),
870:Government document with
337:National anthems of China
294:" was the first official
284:
217:
185:
172:
126:
117:
71:
53:
44:
4776:I Love Beijing Tiananmen
4771:To the Rear of the Enemy
4649:In the Taihang Mountains
2954:Great Qing Treasure Note
2774:Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
2484:Administrative divisions
2301:Administrative divisions
2229:Flag of the Qing dynasty
1591:Various unofficial tunes
1530:10.1163/008254307x246946
308:fall of the Qing dynasty
296:national anthem of China
191:Traditional Chinese
4694:March of the Volunteers
4681:Chinese Soviet Republic
4634:Along the Songhua River
4609:March of the Volunteers
4589:How Great is Our China!
4528:Chinese patriotic songs
2550:Chengde Mountain Resort
2351:Three Eastern Provinces
2001:First Sino-Japanese War
1976:Northern Chinese Famine
1835:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
1733:Qing invasion of Joseon
1578:Chinesische Kaiserhymne
1342:, p. 446, note 39.
1137:, p. 440, note 24.
581:March of the Volunteers
205:Simplified Chinese
4853:Loyalty to the Country
4553:Praise the Dragon Flag
4427:(1958–1965, 2003–2004)
2931:Great Qing Copper Coin
2819:Convention of Tientsin
2752:Annotated Bibliography
2700:Qing official headwear
1743:Battle of Shanhai Pass
1100:
1084:George Ernest Morrison
1049:The sea is turbulent.
894:
798:
690:Praise the Dragon Flag
653:seemingly the lyrics.
403:Praise the Dragon Flag
330:
149:
4843:My People, My Country
4731:Ode to the Motherland
4639:The Great Wall Ballad
4563:Training Soldier Song
3912:Former Russian Empire
3005:Draft History of Qing
2864:Treaty of Shimonoseki
2645:performance criticism
2249:Imperial Commissioner
2239:Great Qing Legal Code
2038:Eight-Nation Alliance
2021:Third plague pandemic
1931:Punti–Hakka Clan Wars
1855:White Lotus Rebellion
1095:
886:
793:
625:Further information:
321:
148:
4766:Yellow River Cantata
4548:Tune of Li Zhongtang
4472:United Arab Republic
4181:Democratic Kampuchea
4144:(1913-1915, 1921-28)
4020:(1918–21, 1990–2004)
3606:Tokushima Perfecture
3346:United Arab Emirates
2936:Great Qing Gold Coin
2869:Treaty of Tarbagatai
2814:Convention of Peking
2694:Pentaglot Dictionary
2676:Literary inquisition
2386:Ever Victorious Army
2219:Deliberative Council
2123:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
2076:1905 Batang uprising
2016:Hundred Days' Reform
1906:Small Swords Society
1596:"Cup of Solid Gold"
1558:Rendition on YouTube
1401:Ye & Eccles 2007
1364:Ye & Eccles 2007
1340:Ye & Eccles 2007
1328:Ye & Eccles 2007
1295:dated 16 March 1912.
1289:Ye & Eccles 2007
1277:Ye & Eccles 2007
1260:Ye & Eccles 2007
1248:Ye & Eccles 2007
1236:Ye & Eccles 2007
1221:Ye & Eccles 2007
1209:Ye & Eccles 2007
1197:Ye & Eccles 2007
1185:Ye & Eccles 2007
1169:Ye & Eccles 2007
1135:Ye & Eccles 2007
1057:In the second line,
1004:Dìguó cāngqióng bǎo.
929:English translation
840:Lülü Zhengyi Houbian
681:Tune of Li Zhongtang
381:Tune of Li Zhongtang
4863:When That Day Comes
4360:Republic of Mahabad
3629:Federal Territories
3373:limited recognition
2989:Anti-Qing sentiment
2839:Treaty of the Bogue
2779:Treaty of Nerchinsk
2711:Complete Tang Poems
2391:Green Standard Army
2274:Provincial governor
2244:Imperial Clan Court
2224:Diplomatic missions
2199:Consultative Bureau
1946:Tongzhi Restoration
1825:Afaqi Khoja revolts
1805:Ten Great Campaigns
1713:Jurchen unification
1480:on 6 September 2017
908:Traditional Chinese
36:
4848:Bloodstained Glory
4716:The Internationale
4347:(1992–96, 2002—06)
3596:Fukuoka Perfecture
2874:Treaty of Tientsin
2585:Western Qing tombs
2580:Eastern Qing tombs
2406:Peking Field Force
2150:Manchu Restoration
2043:Declaration of war
1996:Jindandao incident
1815:Lhasa riot of 1750
1403:, pp. 446–47)
1250:, pp. 442–43.
1211:, pp. 451–52.
913:Simplified Chinese
895:
799:
744:who served in the
559:The Internationale
331:
150:
4973:
4972:
4888:Republic of China
4878:On the Great Road
4873:I Love You, China
4806:Socialism is Good
4746:Unity Is Strength
4580:(on the Mainland)
4578:Republic of China
4558:Cup of Solid Gold
4495:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4165:Republic of China
3851:
3850:
3601:Nagano Prefecture
3401:Republic of China
3061:
3060:
2972:
2971:
2884:Treaty of Whampoa
2879:Treaty of Wanghia
2854:Treaty of Nanking
2824:Li–Lobanov Treaty
2799:Chefoo Convention
2794:Burlingame Treaty
2665:Kangxi Dictionary
2570:Old Summer Palace
2401:Firearm Battalion
2204:Cup of Solid Gold
2158:
2157:
2103:Manchurian plague
2066:Late Qing reforms
2057:(1901–1912)
1991:Sikkim expedition
1921:Panthay Rebellion
1891:Taiping Rebellion
1867:(1801–1900)
1845:Sino-Nepalese War
1790:Dzungar–Qing Wars
1776:(1683–1799)
1704:(1616–1683)
1617:
1616:
1602:Succeeded by
1508:978-962-996-457-3
1448:978-7-807-51549-4
1429:978-0-295-97938-0
1088:Foreign Secretary
1063:Mandate of Heaven
1055:
1054:
1000:Qīng shí xìngzāo,
899:Classical Chinese
892:classical Chinese
858:European notation
814:Jin'ou Yonggu Bei
796:the Palace Museum
776:last Qing emperor
772:Republic of China
724:Ministry of Rites
717:Cup of Solid Gold
662:Sino–Japanese War
623:
622:
590:
589:
425:Cup of Solid Gold
298:, adopted by the
292:Cup of Solid Gold
288:
287:
280:
279:
228:Standard Mandarin
181:Cup of Solid Gold
176:
175:
153:Cup of Solid Gold
146:
16:(Redirected from
5013:
4936:
4918:The Plum Blossom
4838:My Chinese Heart
4819:
4707:
4657:
4644:Guerrillas' Song
4522:
4515:
4508:
4499:
4484:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4452:
4444:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4380:
4372:
4364:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4324:
4316:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4269:Kingdom of Nepal
4265:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4233:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4037:
4029:
4021:
4013:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3981:
3973:
3965:
3957:
3953:Russian Republic
3949:
3941:
3933:
3925:
3909:
3542:North Kalimantan
3419:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3065:
3038:New Qing History
2921:Qianlong Tongbao
2899:
2844:Treaty of Canton
2784:Unequal treaties
2590:Fuling Mausoleum
2189:Advisory Council
2118:Wuchang Uprising
2058:
1961:Tianjin Massacre
1926:Second Opium War
1868:
1830:Sino-Burmese War
1777:
1755:Battle of Penghu
1723:Seven Grievances
1705:
1698:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1612:
1589:Preceded by
1586:
1582:
1541:
1512:
1500:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1476:, archived from
1452:
1433:
1404:
1377:
1371:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1296:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1233:
1224:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1157:
1151:
1138:
1132:
1047:The sky is high,
996:Mínwù xīn fúzǎo,
994:Chéng tiān chóu,
985:
984:
957:
956:
904:
872:Gongche notation
867:
855:
816:金甌永固杯). Because
768:Wuchang Uprising
757:
756:
742:Daoguang Emperor
739:
738:
709:Social Darwinist
702:(adopted by the
615:
608:
601:
578:
575:
574:
573:
556:
553:
552:
551:
534:
531:
530:
529:
512:
509:
508:
507:
495:
489:
486:
485:
484:
466:
463:
462:
461:
444:
441:
440:
439:
422:
419:
418:
417:
400:
397:
396:
395:
378:
375:
374:
373:
356:
353:
352:
351:
344:
343:
333:
304:Wuchang Uprising
276:
275:
274:
259:
258:
257:
243:
242:
219:
213:
212:
199:
198:
178:
147:
113:12 February 1912
58:
49:
48:
37:
35:
21:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5001:Chinese anthems
4976:
4975:
4974:
4969:
4930:
4923:800 Heroes Song
4895:
4882:
4868:Towards Revival
4858:Story of Spring
4813:
4801:Red Star Shines
4711:The East is Red
4701:
4684:
4675:
4671:Gong Xi Gong Xi
4651:
4629:The Sword March
4624:800 Heroes Song
4581:
4572:
4529:
4526:
4496:
4487:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4378:
4370:
4362:
4354:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4300:
4295:
4287:
4279:
4271:
4263:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4157:Communist China
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4097:
4092:
4084:
4076:
4068:
4060:
4052:
4044:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3914:or Soviet Union
3913:
3900:
3884:
3857:
3847:
3831:
3775:
3714:
3698:
3654:Negeri Sembilan
3615:
3582:
3578:Iraqi Kurdistan
3566:
3557:South Tengerang
3537:East Kalimantan
3505:
3410:
3386:Northern Cyprus
3372:
3365:
3098:
3092:
3062:
3057:
3053:Willow Palisade
2999:Chuang Guandong
2968:
2940:
2890:
2849:Treaty of Kulja
2834:Treaty of Aigun
2767:
2759:
2658:History of Ming
2610:
2604:
2542:
2536:
2462:Special regions
2457:
2396:Imperial Guards
2362:
2154:
2113:1911 Revolution
2059:
2056:
2049:
2026:Boxer Rebellion
1986:Sino-French War
1936:Amur Annexation
1881:First Opium War
1869:
1866:
1859:
1778:
1775:
1766:
1750:Great Clearance
1706:
1703:
1687:
1681:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1619:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1598:
1592:
1580:
1553:MIDI audio file
1549:
1544:
1524:(4/5): 433–58,
1515:
1509:
1492:
1483:
1481:
1455:
1449:
1436:
1430:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1378:
1374:
1362:
1358:
1350:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1293:Sir Edward Grey
1287:
1283:
1275:
1266:
1258:
1254:
1246:
1242:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1160:
1152:
1141:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1037:As long as the
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
987:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
971:
969:
967:
959:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
881:
874:
868:
859:
856:
832:
788:
720:
674:(618–907) poet
629:
619:
576:
571:
569:
554:
549:
547:
532:
527:
525:
510:
505:
503:
487:
482:
480:
479:
464:
459:
457:
442:
437:
435:
420:
415:
413:
398:
393:
391:
376:
371:
369:
354:
349:
347:
316:
255:
168:
154:
151:
129:
77:
72:
67:
60:Sheet music in
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5019:
5017:
5009:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4978:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4960:Taiwan Is Good
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4899:
4897:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4811:I Am a Soldier
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4696:
4690:
4688:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4502:
4493:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4453:
4445:
4437:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4397:
4389:
4381:
4373:
4368:Ottoman Empire
4365:
4357:
4349:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4317:
4308:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4266:
4258:
4250:
4242:
4234:
4226:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4173:Khmer Republic
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4038:
4030:
4022:
4014:
4006:
4001:Azerbaijan SSR
3998:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3945:Russian Empire
3942:
3937:Russian Empire
3934:
3929:Russian Empire
3926:
3921:Russian Empire
3917:
3915:
3906:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3865:East Turkestan
3861:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3843:Karakalpakstan
3839:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3817:Sakha Republic
3814:
3809:
3804:
3802:Kamchatka Krai
3799:
3794:
3789:
3787:Altai Republic
3783:
3781:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3712:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3580:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3552:South Sulawesi
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3461:Madhya Pradesh
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3431:Andhra Pradesh
3427:
3425:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2916:Kangxi Tongbao
2913:
2907:
2905:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:Boxer Protocol
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2719:
2714:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2637:
2632:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2555:Forbidden City
2552:
2546:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2518:General of Ili
2515:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2501:List of ambans
2498:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2168:
2166:
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2018:
2013:
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1966:Margary Affair
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1956:Mudan incident
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1948:
1943:
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1896:Nian Rebellion
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1547:External links
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1428:
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1412:
1409:
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1320:
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1072:Book of Poetry
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3028:Manchu people
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2609:Society &
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2575:Summer Palace
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2565:Mukden Palace
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2054:20th century
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1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1040:
1026:
1023:
1012:
1009:
989:
986:
961:
958:
933:
932:
928:
926:transcription
925:
922:
920:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
902:
900:
893:
889:
885:
878:
873:
866:
861:
854:
849:
847:
845:
841:
837:
829:
827:
825:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
797:
792:
785:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
766:However, the
764:
759:
751:
747:
743:
733:
729:
725:
718:
714:
712:
710:
705:
701:
700:
694:
692:
691:
685:
683:
682:
677:
673:
669:
668:
663:
659:
654:
651:
650:
645:
641:
636:
633:
628:
616:
611:
609:
604:
602:
597:
596:
594:
593:
585:
582:
568:
567:
563:
560:
546:
545:
541:
538:
524:
523:
519:
516:
502:
501:
497:
493:
478:
477:
473:
470:
456:
455:
451:
448:
434:
433:
429:
426:
412:
411:
407:
404:
390:
389:
385:
382:
368:
367:
363:
360:
346:
345:
342:
341:
338:
334:
328:
324:
320:
313:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
283:
273:
268:
266:
262:
252:
250:
246:
238:
236:
232:
229:
225:
220:
216:
208:
206:
202:
194:
192:
188:
184:
179:
171:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
87:
84:
80:
76:
70:
66:
64:
57:
52:
43:
38:
34:
19:
5006:Qing dynasty
4557:
4535:Qing dynasty
4459:(until 1996)
4124:
4009:Georgian SSR
3993:Armenian SSR
3977:Soviet Union
3969:Russian SFSR
3710:Azad Kashmir
3446:Chhattisgarh
3341:Turkmenistan
3306:Saudi Arabia
3048:Treaty ports
3010:
3003:
2977:Other topics
2750:
2743:
2721:
2709:
2692:
2687:Peiwen Yunfu
2685:
2663:
2656:
2627:
2376:Beiyang Army
2358:Zongli Yamen
2214:Da-Qing Bank
2203:
2031:Red Lanterns
1684:Qing dynasty
1595:
1521:
1517:
1496:
1482:, retrieved
1478:the original
1468:(3): 90–91,
1465:
1461:
1438:
1419:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1367:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1312:
1300:
1284:
1255:
1243:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1176:
1130:
1112:
1108:Qing dynasty
1103:
1101:
1096:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1056:
1028:
1014:
1008:Hǎi tāotāo.
1006:Tiān gāogāo,
1002:Zhēn xī hào,
998:Xǐ tóng páo.
991:
963:
935:
896:
839:
835:
833:
822:
817:
813:
810:Qing emperor
805:
801:
800:
779:
762:
760:
731:
721:
716:
697:
695:
688:
686:
679:
672:Tang dynasty
665:
658:Li Hongzhang
655:
647:
637:
630:
586:1949–present
542:1930–present
424:
327:Tang dynasty
323:Li Hongzhang
300:Qing dynasty
291:
289:
256:Kung Chin-ou
235:Hanyu Pinyin
122:Audio sample
110:Relinquished
62:
4940:The Veteran
4931: [
4814: [
4702: [
4652: [
4543:Pu Tian Yue
4483:(1978–1990)
4480:North Yemen
4443:(1981–2003)
4379:(1873–1909)
4352:Afghanistan
4344:Afghanistan
4336:Afghanistan
4328:Afghanistan
4320:Afghanistan
4312:Afghanistan
4272:(1962–2006)
4237:Philippines
4160:(1927-1949)
4152:(1915-1921)
4136:(1911-1912)
4128:(1911-1912)
4120:(1906-1911)
4112:(1896-1906)
4093:(1944–2011)
4066:Turkmen SSR
4050:Kirghiz SSR
4036:(1991–2006)
3988:(1991–2000)
3948:(1833–1917)
3932:(1798–1816)
3870:Tamil Eelam
3719:Philippines
3501:West Bengal
3496:Uttarakhand
3466:Maharashtra
3371:States with
3291:Philippines
3231:South Korea
3226:North Korea
3154:(including
3112:Afghanistan
2984:Aisin Gioro
2946:Paper money
2705:Qing poetry
2426:Wuwei Corps
2421:Shuishiying
2182:Family tree
1611:(1912–1928)
1581:(in German)
1484:6 September
1411:Works cited
1305:Rhoads 2000
1091:Edward Grey
992:Gǒng Jīn'ōu
780:Gong Jin'ou
763:Gong Jin'ou
649:Pu Tian Yue
644:Zeng Guofan
359:Pu Tian Yue
325:arranged a
241:Gǒng jīn'ōu
33:Gǒng jīn'ōu
4980:Categories
4928:Night Raid
4896:since 1949
4277:Travancore
4033:Kazakhstan
4025:Kazakh SSR
3880:West Papua
3836:Uzbekistan
3766:Pangasinan
3731:Bangsamoro
3694:Terengganu
3562:Yogyakarta
3486:Tamil Nadu
3481:Puducherry
3351:Uzbekistan
3326:Tajikistan
3241:Kyrgyzstan
3221:Kazakhstan
3171:East Timor
3132:Bangladesh
3122:Azerbaijan
2652:Four Wangs
2543:mausoleums
2496:Golden Urn
2469:Inner Asia
2446:Xiang Army
2416:Hushenying
2341:Liangguang
2321:Liangjiang
2259:Lifan Yuan
2164:Government
1599:1911–1912
1518:T'oung Pao
1385:shi zao yu
1117:References
728:petitioned
314:Background
249:Wade–Giles
4892:on Taiwan
4582:1912–1949
4475:(1960–81)
4467:(1954–96)
4456:Palestine
4451:(1951–78)
4435:(1965–81)
4419:(1932–58)
4411:(1980–90)
4403:(1979–80)
4395:(1933–79)
4387:(1909–33)
4371:1829–1922
4355:(2006–21)
4339:(1978–92)
4331:(1973–78)
4323:(1943–73)
4315:(1926–43)
4296:(1969–76)
4288:(1948–75)
4280:(1937–47)
4256:(1871–88)
4248:(1852–71)
4240:(1942–45)
4232:(1924–50)
4224:(1915–24)
4216:(1932–45)
4213:Manchukuo
4208:(1902–10)
4200:(1941–45)
4197:Azad Hind
4184:(1975–93)
4176:(1970–75)
4085:(1921–44)
4077:(1946–91)
4074:Uzbek SSR
4058:Tajik SSR
4045:(2007–15)
4043:(Russia)
4041:Khakassia
4028:(1945–91)
4012:(1946–90)
3996:(1944–91)
3980:(1944–91)
3964:(1918–20)
3940:(1816–33)
3924:(1791–98)
3856:In exile/
3807:Khakassia
3532:East Java
3510:Indonesia
3491:Telangana
3456:Karnataka
3391:Palestine
3316:Sri Lanka
3311:Singapore
3191:Indonesia
3156:Hong Kong
2474:Manchuria
2441:Huai Army
2431:Yong Ying
2316:Shaan-Gan
1772:High Qing
1718:Later Jin
1462:Xungen 尋根
1122:Citations
1059:tian chou
676:Wang Jian
640:Zeng Jize
564:1931–1937
520:1921–1928
498:1915–1921
474:1913–1915
452:1912–1913
430:1911–1912
408:1906–1911
386:1896–1906
364:1878–1896
4726:Nanniwan
4229:Mongolia
4221:Mongolia
3858:disputed
3792:Buryatia
3761:Pampanga
3751:La Union
3703:Pakistan
3689:Selangor
3644:Kelantan
3621:Malaysia
3415:Regional
3381:Abkhazia
3331:Thailand
3286:Pakistan
3266:Mongolia
3261:Maldives
3256:Malaysia
3147:Cambodia
3104:National
2926:Hongqian
2895:Currency
2765:Treaties
2671:Kaozheng
2618:Booi Aha
2560:Hetu Ala
2513:Timeline
2508:Xinjiang
2479:Mongolia
2436:Chu Army
2411:New Army
2368:Military
2306:Viceroys
1538:40376331
699:Kimigayo
670:poem by
65:notation
4017:Georgia
3684:Sarawak
3649:Malacca
3547:Lampung
3522:Jakarta
3471:Manipur
3451:Gujarat
3356:Vietnam
3271:Myanmar
3251:Lebanon
3181:Georgia
3127:Bahrain
3117:Armenia
3097:of Asia
3095:Anthems
2911:Zhiqian
2903:Coinage
2640:Economy
2611:culture
2346:Yun-Gui
2336:Min-Zhe
2331:Sichuan
2326:Huguang
2172:Emperor
1693:History
1621:Portals
1352:Ye 2012
1181:Ye 2006
1154:Ye 2006
1077:tongbao
1067:Tongpao
102:Adopted
96:Bo Tong
63:Gongche
4448:Kuwait
4384:Persia
4376:Persia
4363:(1946)
3985:Russia
3905:Former
3780:Russia
3771:Taguig
3674:Perlis
3664:Penang
3659:Pahang
3476:Odisha
3336:Turkey
3301:Russia
3236:Kuwait
3216:Jordan
3206:Israel
3166:Cyprus
3142:Brunei
3137:Bhutan
2525:Taiwan
1701:Early
1686:topics
1536:
1505:
1445:
1426:
1389:Purity
1041:rules.
978:帝国苍穹保。
970:民物欣凫藻，
950:帝國蒼穹保。
942:民物欣鳧藻，
919:Pinyin
917:Hanyu
888:Yan Fu
879:Lyrics
824:Yan Fu
806:Jin'ou
750:Yan Fu
732:guoyue
577:
555:
533:
511:
488:
465:
443:
421:
399:
377:
355:
86:Yan Fu
82:Lyrics
4935:]
4818:]
4706:]
4656:]
4464:Qatar
4205:Korea
4149:China
4141:China
4133:China
4125:China
4117:China
4109:China
4102:Other
3896:ASEAN
3875:Tibet
3741:Capiz
3736:Bohol
3726:Albay
3679:Sabah
3669:Perak
3639:Kedah
3634:Johor
3611:Tokyo
3588:Japan
3527:Jambi
3441:Bihar
3436:Assam
3423:India
3361:Yemen
3321:Syria
3296:Qatar
3276:Nepal
3211:Japan
3186:India
3176:Egypt
3160:Macau
2717:Queue
2635:Dibao
2491:Tibet
2311:Zhili
2194:Amban
1647:Music
1635:China
1534:JSTOR
974:清时幸遭,
946:清時幸遭，
830:Music
786:Title
704:Meiji
667:jueju
656:When
92:Music
75:China
4440:Iraq
4432:Iraq
4424:Iraq
4416:Iraq
4408:Iran
4400:Iran
4392:Iran
4261:Siam
4253:Siam
4245:Siam
4090:Tuva
4082:Tuva
3822:Tuva
3746:Cebu
3571:Iraq
3517:Aceh
3281:Oman
3246:Laos
3201:Iraq
3196:Iran
3158:and
2453:Navy
2294:Ejen
2177:List
1503:ISBN
1486:2017
1466:2006
1443:ISBN
1424:ISBN
1397:Qing
1393:Qing
1383:qing
1104:qīng
1039:Qing
982:海滔滔。
980:天高高，
976:真熙皞，
972:喜同袍。
968:承天帱，
966:巩金瓯，
954:海滔滔。
952:天高高，
948:真熙皞，
944:喜同袍。
940:承天幬，
938:鞏金甌，
818:gong
715:The
164:help
159:file
4683:and
1526:doi
1470:doi
924:IPA
755:郭曾炘
265:IPA
211:巩金瓯
197:鞏金甌
47:鞏金甌
4982::
4933:zh
4816:zh
4704:zh
4654:zh
1532:,
1522:93
1520:,
1464:,
1460:,
1267:^
1228:^
1183:;
1161:^
1142:^
1110:.
901:.
846:.
802:Ou
737:溥侗
310:.
4894:)
4890:(
4521:e
4514:t
4507:v
3407:)
3403:(
3162:)
3087:e
3080:t
3073:v
1676:e
1669:t
1662:v
1623::
1608:"
1604:"
1540:.
1528::
1511:.
1488:.
1472::
1451:.
1432:.
1156:.
838:(
614:e
607:t
600:v
583:"
579:"
561:"
557:"
539:"
535:"
517:"
513:"
494:"
490:"
471:"
467:"
449:"
445:"
427:"
423:"
401:"
379:"
357:"
290:"
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
