104:, "the trend of frontloading, which will, in the not too distant future, produce a single national primary day is a disturbing trend that needs attention. To have the selection process essentially come down to a single day of dozens of primaries ensures little to no deliberation on this extremely important decision. It would result in minimal give-and-take on issues such that the succeeding candidate would not be the product of a thoughtful issue discussion."
97:
Republican
National Committee's 2000 Advisory Commission on the Presidential Nominating Process nor the Democratic National Committee's 2005 Commission on Presidential Nomination Timing and Scheduling considered a national primary as a reform concept; rather they considered it the consequence of inadequate action to reform the process.
87:
The system of staggered primaries means that voters in later primaries may find that the nominee has already been selected before they vote. (For instance, New York, the third-largest state, voted after the nominees had been selected in both parties in both 2000 and 2004.) Disproportionate power is
96:
The major flaw in the concept is that it takes the phenomenon of frontloading, which other reform plans seek to alleviate, to its ultimate conclusion. Candidates would need to raise huge sums of money, before the first vote was cast in any state, in order to wage a nationwide campaign. Neither the
74:
events—days where large numbers of states hold their primaries—have been scheduled in
February or March of elections dating back to 1984. There were three Super Tuesday events in 1984. Nine southern states turned the 1988 event into a major regional contest. Twenty-four states participated in
118:
According to Terry
Shumaker in the Transcript of the Commission on Presidential Nomination Timing and Scheduling, "we need to preserve the possibility for lesser known, lesser funded candidates to compete, and a national primary on February 5th will not do that."
52:
endorsed the concept. Since that time 125 similar bills have been introduced. Support was strong in 1913 with the Senate discussing the plan for an hour and deciding that there was general support for
President Wilson's reforms. In 1915, Senator Atlee Pomerene of
1270:
508:
498:
493:
488:
480:
475:
470:
465:
575:
565:
560:
555:
542:
537:
532:
274:"National Primary Favoured in Senate. Informal Discussion Shows That President's Suggestion Meets General Approval. Bristow Would Claim it. Cummins Calls Attention to His Bill Which, He Says, the Democrats Sidetracked"
570:
527:
503:
115:
said, "I also concur fully in the
Commission's belief that a national primary would not be a welcome replacement for the current system, since it would create as many problems as it might solve."
596:
591:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
606:
601:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
57:, Chairman of the sub-committee examining President Wilson's plan, came to the conclusion that an amendment to the Constitution was needed before such a national primary could occur.
692:
684:
674:
669:
664:
637:
632:
627:
396:
700:
158:
956:
798:
2216:
1250:
1245:
2211:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
2170:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
205:
148:
360:(R-Oklahoma), "Advisory Commission on the Presidential Nominating Process: A Report Commissioned on behalf of the Republican National Committee", May 2000
679:
645:
650:
389:
311:
273:
88:
given to the earliest primaries, with candidates who lose them being considered non-viable, even if they may have a lot of support in larger states.
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
718:
1182:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
41:
347:, "Advisory Commission on the Presidential Nominating Process: A Report Commissioned on behalf of the Republican National Committee", May 2000
659:
622:
252:
2164:
2131:
2124:
2110:
2103:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1383:
382:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
143:
2040:
2033:
2026:
405:
200:
138:
21:
1966:
240:
2180:
215:
732:
1828:
163:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2059:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1600:
1340:
2138:
2117:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
2047:
153:
2185:
723:
220:
1906:
369:
Terry
Shumaker, Transcript of the Commission on Presidential Nomination Timing and Scheduling, December 10, 2005
769:
37:
759:
187:
76:
374:
33:
319:
281:
248:
2190:
789:
737:
2016:
764:
344:
175:
101:
49:
2205:
2175:
774:
754:
357:
210:
112:
71:
66:
312:"Drops National Primary. President Won't Push Plan, Pomerene Reporting Adversely"
181:
710:
323:
285:
108:
45:
784:
79:, the most states to have done so in the history of Super Tuesdays.
241:"2. The Presidential Nominating System: Problem and Prescriptions"
127:
54:
24:, such that all occur on the same day (not currently the case).
378:
178:
on a
Saturday in August prior to the election year, since 1979
245:
What Role for
Government?: Lessons from Policy Research
1271:
List of candidates by number of primary votes received
2156:
2093:
2057:
2014:
1964:
1955:
1905:
1827:
1599:
1339:
1330:
1263:
1238:
1192:
1154:
1113:
955:
797:
783:
747:
709:
615:
584:
517:
455:
412:
201:
United States presidential primary reform proposals
243:. In Zeckhauser, Richard; Leebaert, Derek (eds.).
406:United States presidential primaries and caucuses
22:United States presidential primaries and caucuses
159:United States presidential nominating convention
390:
184:first official election year event since 1972
8:
2171:Graduated Random Presidential Primary System
206:Graduated Random Presidential Primary System
149:United States presidential election debates
1961:
1336:
794:
397:
383:
375:
36:for a national primary was introduced in
719:Conservative Political Action Conference
20:is a proposed system for conducting the
231:
190:first national primary stop since 1952
128:National Presidential Primary Homepage
2217:Electoral reform in the United States
7:
2212:United States presidential primaries
2165:California Democratic Party v. Jones
144:United States presidential election
139:United States presidential primary
14:
2181:Rotating Regional Primary System
216:Rotating Regional Primary System
356:Personal Statement of Governor
164:United States Electoral College
1:
154:American presidential debate
2233:
2186:Interregional Primary Plan
221:Interregional Primary Plan
64:
247:. Duke University Press.
456:National opinion polling
239:Nelson, Michael (1983).
770:South Carolina primary
176:Ames (Iowa) Straw Poll
760:New Hampshire primary
518:State opinion polling
343:Statement by Senator
188:New Hampshire primary
100:According to Senator
272:(December 4, 1913).
48:in 1911. President
2084:1900 • 1904 • 1908
1239:Constitution Party
616:Debates and forums
413:Election timelines
316:The New York Times
310:(March 25, 1915).
308:The New York Times
278:The New York Times
270:The New York Times
44:Richard Hobson of
2199:
2198:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2095:Progressive Party
1829:Libertarian Party
1264:Results breakdown
1259:
1258:
1114:Libertarian Party
689:Libertarian Party
254:978-0-8223-0481-4
2224:
2191:National Primary
1962:
1601:Republican Party
1341:Democratic Party
1337:
1298:Republican Party
1275:Democratic Party
957:Republican Party
799:Democratic Party
795:
660:Republican Party
623:Democratic Party
552:Republican Party
524:Democratic Party
485:Republican Party
462:Democratic Party
399:
392:
385:
376:
370:
367:
361:
354:
348:
341:
335:
334:
332:
330:
303:
297:
296:
294:
292:
265:
259:
258:
236:
18:national primary
2232:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2144:
2089:
2053:
2017:Greenback Party
2010:
1951:
1901:
1823:
1595:
1332:
1326:
1255:
1234:
1188:
1150:
1109:
951:
787:
779:
765:Nevada caucuses
743:
724:Iowa State Fair
705:
611:
580:
513:
451:
408:
403:
373:
368:
364:
355:
351:
345:Spencer Abraham
342:
338:
328:
326:
305:
304:
300:
290:
288:
267:
266:
262:
255:
238:
237:
233:
229:
135:
125:
102:Spencer Abraham
94:
85:
69:
63:
30:
12:
11:
5:
2230:
2228:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2204:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2060:Populist Party
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2022:
2020:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1970:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1833:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
961:
959:
953:
952:
950:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
803:
801:
792:
781:
780:
778:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
751:
749:
745:
744:
742:
741:
735:
726:
721:
715:
713:
707:
706:
704:
703:
698:
695:
690:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
656:
655:
654:
653:
648:
640:
635:
630:
625:
619:
617:
613:
612:
610:
609:
604:
599:
594:
588:
586:
582:
581:
579:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
549:
548:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
521:
519:
515:
514:
512:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
459:
457:
453:
452:
450:
449:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
416:
414:
410:
409:
404:
402:
401:
394:
387:
379:
372:
371:
362:
349:
336:
298:
260:
253:
230:
228:
225:
224:
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
197:
196:
192:
191:
185:
179:
172:
171:
167:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
134:
131:
124:
121:
93:
90:
84:
81:
65:Main article:
62:
59:
50:Woodrow Wilson
42:Representative
29:
28:Early attempts
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2229:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Delaware Plan
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
960:
958:
954:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
802:
800:
796:
793:
791:
786:
782:
776:
775:Super Tuesday
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
755:Iowa caucuses
753:
752:
750:
746:
739:
736:
734:
731:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
714:
712:
708:
702:
699:
696:
694:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
657:
652:
649:
647:
644:
643:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
618:
614:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
587:
583:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
551:
550:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
523:
522:
520:
516:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
461:
460:
458:
454:
448:
447:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
417:
415:
411:
407:
400:
395:
393:
388:
386:
381:
380:
377:
366:
363:
359:
358:Frank Keating
353:
350:
346:
340:
337:
325:
321:
318:. p. 5.
317:
313:
309:
302:
299:
287:
283:
280:. p. 3.
279:
275:
271:
264:
261:
256:
250:
246:
242:
235:
232:
226:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
211:Delaware Plan
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
194:
193:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
169:
168:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
136:
132:
130:
129:
122:
120:
116:
114:
113:Frank Keating
110:
105:
103:
98:
91:
89:
83:Justification
82:
80:
78:
73:
72:Super Tuesday
68:
67:Super Tuesday
61:Super Tuesday
60:
58:
56:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
27:
25:
23:
19:
2163:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2094:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2058:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2015:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1965:
1956:
1945:
1589:
1193:Reform Party
1181:
748:Major events
729:
445:
365:
352:
339:
327:. Retrieved
315:
307:
301:
289:. Retrieved
277:
269:
263:
244:
234:
195:Reform Plans
126:
117:
106:
99:
95:
86:
70:
31:
17:
15:
1907:Green Party
1333:conventions
1155:Green Party
711:Straw polls
697:Green Party
585:Fundraising
306:Special to
268:Special to
182:Iowa caucus
170:Early Votes
2206:Categories
1967:Whig Party
733:Ames, Iowa
329:August 28,
291:August 28,
227:References
92:Criticisms
32:The first
1331:National
790:primaries
324:0362-4331
286:0362-4331
111:Governor
785:Caucuses
730:defunct:
133:See also
109:Oklahoma
38:Congress
2157:Reforms
1957:Defunct
646:debates
107:Former
46:Alabama
651:forums
322:
284:
251:
738:Texas
642:2020
2139:1952
2132:1948
2125:1924
2118:1920
2111:1916
2104:1912
2077:1896
2070:1892
2048:1888
2041:1884
2034:1880
2027:1876
2005:1856
1998:1852
1991:1848
1984:1844
1977:1839
1946:2024
1940:2020
1935:2016
1930:2012
1925:2008
1920:2004
1915:2000
1897:2024
1892:2020
1887:2016
1882:2014
1877:2012
1872:2010
1867:2008
1862:2004
1857:2000
1852:1996
1847:1991
1842:1987
1837:1983
1819:2024
1814:2020
1809:2016
1804:2012
1799:2008
1794:2004
1789:2000
1784:1996
1779:1992
1774:1988
1769:1984
1764:1980
1759:1976
1754:1972
1749:1968
1744:1964
1739:1960
1734:1956
1729:1952
1724:1948
1719:1944
1714:1940
1709:1936
1704:1932
1699:1928
1694:1924
1689:1920
1684:1916
1679:1912
1674:1908
1669:1904
1664:1900
1659:1896
1654:1892
1649:1888
1644:1884
1639:1880
1634:1876
1629:1872
1624:1868
1619:1864
1614:1860
1609:1856
1590:2024
1584:2020
1579:2016
1574:2012
1569:2008
1564:2004
1559:2000
1554:1996
1549:1992
1544:1988
1539:1984
1534:1980
1529:1976
1524:1972
1519:1968
1514:1964
1509:1960
1504:1956
1499:1952
1494:1948
1489:1944
1484:1940
1479:1936
1474:1932
1469:1928
1464:1924
1459:1920
1454:1916
1449:1912
1444:1908
1439:1904
1434:1900
1429:1896
1424:1892
1419:1888
1414:1884
1409:1880
1404:1876
1399:1872
1394:1868
1389:1864
1384:1860
1379:1856
1374:1852
1369:1848
1364:1844
1359:1840
1354:1835
1349:1832
1322:2024
1317:2020
1312:2016
1307:2012
1302:2008
1294:2024
1289:2020
1284:2016
1279:2008
1251:2020
1246:2016
1230:2020
1225:2016
1220:2012
1215:2008
1210:2004
1205:2000
1200:1996
1183:2024
1177:2020
1172:2016
1167:2012
1162:2008
1146:2024
1141:2020
1136:2016
1131:2012
1126:2008
1121:2004
1105:2024
1100:2020
1095:2016
1090:2012
1085:2008
1080:2004
1075:2000
1070:1996
1065:1992
1060:1988
1055:1984
1050:1980
1045:1976
1040:1972
1035:1968
1030:1964
1025:1960
1020:1956
1015:1952
1010:1948
1005:1944
1000:1940
995:1936
990:1932
985:1928
980:1924
975:1920
970:1916
965:1912
947:2024
942:2020
937:2016
932:2012
927:2008
922:2004
917:2000
912:1996
907:1992
902:1988
897:1984
892:1980
887:1976
882:1972
877:1968
872:1964
867:1960
862:1956
857:1952
852:1948
847:1944
842:1940
837:1936
832:1932
827:1928
822:1924
817:1920
812:1916
807:1912
788:and
701:2016
693:2016
685:2024
680:2020
675:2016
670:2012
665:2008
638:2016
633:2008
628:2004
607:2020
602:2016
597:2012
592:2008
576:2024
571:2020
566:2016
561:2012
556:2008
547:2024
543:2020
538:2016
533:2008
528:2004
509:2024
504:2020
499:2016
494:2012
489:2008
481:2024
476:2020
471:2016
466:2008
446:2024
440:2020
435:2016
430:2012
425:2008
420:2004
331:2023
320:ISSN
293:2023
282:ISSN
249:ISBN
123:Link
77:2008
55:Ohio
34:bill
40:by
2208::
314:.
276:.
16:A
740:)
728:(
398:e
391:t
384:v
333:.
295:.
257:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.