American Radiator Company

570: 502: 318: 183: 40: 211:). In 1894, Mr. Woolley convinced the other officers of the company to pay his way to Europe, whereupon he booked the sale of $ 50,000 worth of cast iron radiators for the Swiss capitol. This was the start of the company's entry into the European market. By the following year, the company had established a branch in London, England. The company began manufacturing in several west European countries, starting in 1898 and continuing into the 1920s. 138: 293:

By 1906, the European operations were so successful that on one occasion profits generated exceeded those from the company's American operations. Much of the profit was re-invested in expansion, and the construction of new factories was initiated in Italy (1910, opened 1911) and Austria (1912, opened

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The American Radiator company was formed in 1892 from the Detroit Radiator Company, the Michigan Radiator & Iron Manufacturing Company, and the Pierce Steam Heating Company of Buffalo. The company was headed by Joseph Bond, (of Pierce Steam Heating Co.), as president, Charles Hodges, (of Detroit

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In 1976 the boiler and radiator operations of the plant were acquired by Stelrad Group (Metal Box), whilst the vitreous china (bathroom furniture) operations remained under the control of Ideal Standard. Radiator production was ended at Stelrad's Hull site, and production was focused on boilers. In

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the plant became in involved in war work: the Dôle plant was requisitioned by the French state, and manufactured shells; the German, Italian, and Austrian plants were also involved in producing munitions for their respective states; the English plant agreed to supply Belgium with hand-grenades, and

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At the end of the 1960s, the Wittlich site was concentrated on the production of fittings serving the whole European market; valve production was reduced at Neuss in favour of the Clichy factory in France, and the site in Neuss became focused on ceramic manufacture. In the mid-1970s, the company

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and the consequent fall in demand for its products the company began investigating the potential of Europe as a market, and a sales branch was opened in London. In 1897, the company began investigating manufacturing in Europe, specifically France and Germany, countries with high trade tariffs; a

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Construction of the factory began in 1906, and the first casting was produced in December. The plant was expanded in 1910. During World War I, much of the production was shifted to the munition production. In 1917 the factory was further expanded, in anticipation of a post-war building boom.

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at the end of the second world war; as a result in 1950 the Neuss site began production of boilers. In 1951, the company was renamed Ideal Standard GmbH. A refrigeration company 'Gesellschaft die Rheinkälte' (Düsseldorf) was acquired in 1955. In the 1960s, during the

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In 1905 the company's operations in France and Germany were proving successful, and the firm decided to open a factory in England. The company "National Radiator Company, Ltd." was established, and $ 500,000 was provided for the establishment of a factory. A site in

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In the 1880s, engineer Louis Courtot developed a central heating system using radiators and boiler, and established a foundry in Dole (Jura). The factory was acquired by the American Radiator Company in 1898, and a new company established as the

335:, with a capital of 500,000 francs. Courtot became the managing director of the plant. The company had with low wage costs and fair productivity, resulting in a saving compared to importing products. By 1903, the plant employed 180 people. 342:

the plant produced 155 and 380mm artillery shells, employing mainly female workers. At the end of the war, the shortage of manpower led to managed immigration of Polish workers, with a housing built for their families.

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In 1934 the company was publicly listed as "Ideal Boilers and Radiators" (capital £750,000) in order to raise cash for a factory extension. By 1938 a new plant producing vitreous sanitary ware had begun operation.

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In 1900, the American Radiator Company decided to add a foundry to their existing operations in Germany, which had been assembling and finishing imported radiator parts in Hamburg from the late 1890s. In 1901,

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into the parent company in 1929, its German subsidiaries were also merged into a division of NARAG, adding cast iron baths, brass water fittings, and porcelain bathroom fittings to the company's output.

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In consequence of the radiator's contribution to the lives and social history of North Americans, in 2012 the American Radiator Company was inducted into the North American Railway Hall of Fame.

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In 1996, the company Sanifrance was created by the combination of activities of Idéal Standard, Porcher, Piel, and Emafrance as a subsidiary of American Standard. In 2005, Sanifrance became

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negatively affected the company's activities, and the plant in Aulnay closed. The Dammarie plant closed in 1975. In 1975, production of bathroom furniture ended at Dole. A new company

1403: 453:. During the Second World War the Neuss factory was heavily targeted by bombing campaigns and required rebuilding at the end of the war. The Schönebeck plant became a subsidiary of 338:

In 1905, the company opened a new factory in Dole, and the earlier factory gradually ceased production. The factory became the largest in Dole employing nearly 2000. During the

1398: 1180: 384: 306: 380:; the factory structure was also to the design of Freyssinet/Limousin. From 1931, the factory was used entirely for the manufacture of radiators, with a staff of 750. 465:, an estimated 200–400 concentration camp prisoners were used at the plant, other employees during the period included forced labour from eastern Europe, and Italy. 1393: 154:

was founded in 1888. John B. Dyar, manager and owner of the Detroit Metal & Heating Works, was the main promoter. Clarence M. Woolley joined the firm in 1887.

218:. Morgan helped the firm to combine most of the radiator manufactories in the US. In 1899, the company was re-incorporated under the same name, absorbing the 1413: 237:

was constructed in New York in 1924. In the 1920s the company added several manufacturing plants in the US, as well as expanding a distribution network.

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The Aulnay-sur-Bois plant opened in 1923. The two main factory buildings 270 by 70 metres (890 by 230 ft) were built of reinforced concrete by the

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was established under the control of Société Générale de Fonderie (65%) and Société de Dietrich. In 1984 the company came back under the control of

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During World War II the plant produced munitions including mortar bombs and grenades, as well as boilers and vitreous china for military use.

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As of 2014 the boiler plant operated as "Ideal Boilers" as part of the Ideal Stelrad group, and the bathroom fittings plant is part of

1188: 830: 286:. Both establishments proved successful and in 1905 the company began planning for a factory in England, and a site was selected in 230:(Pennsylvania). After the death of Mr. Bond in 1902, Mr. Woolley, at age 39, succeeded him as president and chairman of the board. 1339: 207:

The company made a profit of $ 400,000 in its first year, but was subsequently affected by an economic depression (see also

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was acquired by MB group becoming MB Caradon in 1989 and the Hull boiler factory became Caradon Ideal in 1993.

282:. In 1901, the company made the decision to establish a manufacturing plant in Germany, a site was selected in 358:. As a consequence, in 1932 the plant in Dole switched to the manufacture of bathroom furniture, including 1078: 863:"Compagnie Nationale des Radiateurs; Ideal Standard; ZA Chanteloup (Aulnay-sous-Bois) [005inv028]" 441:

and production of radiators concentrated at Neuss, boilers at Schönebeck. With the incorporation of the

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The company was successful in the United States and European markets, and attracted the attention of

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was formed in Berlin as a subsidiary of the American Radiator Company; a factory was established at

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In 1949, after the parent company had become involved in the production of bathroom fixtures (see

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branch was opened in Hamburg, which assembled and machine finished cast radiator parts shipped in

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manufacturers. The company expanded in the early 20th century into Europe under the brand

1271:(2010). "An American Enterprise Abroad: American Radiator Company in Europe, 1895–1914". 461:; the factory was supplied with slave labour from the Schönebeck camp, a sub-camp of the 274:. In 1898, the company acquired the established plant of Louis Courtot, in Dôle, France ( 1009:

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933-1945

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Radiator) as treasurer, and Clarence Woolley (of Michigan Radiator) as secretary.

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withdrew from the heating business, and the sites in Waldbröl and Berlin shut.

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Advertisement for boilers from the American Radiator Company, illustrated by

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was closed with the loss of 57 jobs and outsource casting to third parties.

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in 1929, forming the basis of that company's international operations.

1123:"West Hull's Ideal Heating set to close foundry and cut up to 57 jobs" 1369:"Brochures and other publications by the "American Radiator Company"" 486: 1284: 1230:

Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 9/28/15 through 10/02/15

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was established in 1892 by the merger of a number of North American

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Historical Society of Montgomery County Illinois (digital archive)

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A history of Buffalo : delineating the evolution of the city

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in 1902. The company was known under the abbreviation NARAG.

1048:"Preliminary Notice - Ideal Boilers and Radiators Limited", 532:

1989 the Metal Box company demergered, and MB group formed;

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During World War I, the factory manufactured shells for the

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consolidated with the American Radiator Company to form the

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Biographical Dictionary of American Business Leaders (V-Z)

387:, formed 1929) the company was renamed "Idéal Standard". 726: 724: 722: 640: 638: 636: 553:

In 2015 Ideal Boilers was acquired from holding company

489:(boilers, radiators; acquired from the Projahn-Werkes). 161:

was founded in 1882 by Henry C. and Charles C. Hodges.

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Manufacture of radiators in Aulnay ceased in 1968. The

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The beginnings of a century of steam and water heating

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Multinational Corporations: Emergence and Evolution

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