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219:("National Aircraft Industry, Incorporated") and hired him as their chief designer. The time was still not yet ripe for a second Dutch aircraft manufacturer and, as with BAT, N.V.I. produced technically advanced designs that attracted attention from all over the world, but received virtually no orders. The company lasted only four years.
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By 1933 the military market had picked up and
Koolhoven increasingly built trainers and observation aircraft for the Dutch air force as well as several other countries. By 1938, with war looming, the company's order books continued to fill as air forces from all over Europe were virtually fighting
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and almost completely destroyed the airfield and its surrounding facilities. This included the
Koolhoven factory and within a few hours, the company had been reduced to a pile of rubble and all drawings, models, and documentation of Koolhoven's projects were destroyed. Today, the only photographs
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For its first five years, 1925 to 1930, the company managed to stay afloat by making one-off purpose-built airplanes to order, slowly branching out into the private aircraft sector and trying to break into the military market. In 1930, the company finally struck gold with the
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Frederick
Koolhoven died of a stroke on 1 July 1946. His company, although without means of production, continued to exist as a holding. Over the next ten years various attempts were made to start up new projects, but apart from the construction of two prototype
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for which he was chief designer went bankrupt and all other manufacturers were struggling for survival too hard to think of hiring. The
Netherlands, Koolhoven hoped, would be better. But there he found that while the Netherlands' new airline
327:"Toerist" light sportsplane originally designed for NVI, but not built. Several "Toerists" built by the new FK Koolhoven therefore constitute the earliest airplanes of that company, if not by production date, then at least by numbering.
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In 1938, the
Koolhoven factory at Waalhaven covered 8,000 square meters and had 1,200 employees. While still no match for Fokker, Koolhoven had established itself firmly as the number two manufacturer in the Netherlands.
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and projects FK-35 to FK-59 for his own company. The first 'true' Koolhoven airplane therefore would have been the FK-35. However, on formation of the N.V. Koolhoven, Frits
Koolhoven took with him the design of the
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of 1911, Koolhoven designed 59 aircraft, which he consecutively numbered FK-1 to FK-59. About half of these were design studies that were never built. Koolhoven designed projects FK-1 to FK-28 in
England for
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would have complete control of the operations. Enough of the shareholders agreed and even while N.V.I. was being dissolved, its assets were almost immediately taken over by a new company:
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over each plane that rolled off the production line. Even France found itself buying
Koolhoven FK-58 fighters as its own aircraft industry was unable to keep up with the demand from the
167:). Although many of its aircraft were as unsuccessful economically as they were brilliant from a design standpoint, the company managed to score several 'hits', amongst them the
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At the demise of N.V.I. Koolhoven had become sufficiently business-aware to convince several of the N.V.I. shareholders that the company would still be viable, if only
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346:. It however also notes that the designs F.K.37, 38, 39 and 59 were never built, while only giving pictures of wooden models for the designs
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high-wing tourist monoplane. Although N.V. Koolhoven itself only built 7 FK-41's the airplane was built under licence in
England as the
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reconnaissance aircraft, which saw service in extensive numbers in the Dutch air force from the mid-1930s until the
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Multi-purpose development of the F.K.52, no information available whether built, last
Koolhoven design, 1940
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The best-known of those designs are the F.K.41 high-wing monoplane, which was built under licence as the
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208:. Out of other options, Koolhoven returned to his old job and worked as an automobile engineer for the
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was a willing taker for all the aircraft it could get, the market was almost completely dominated by
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returned from England to his native Netherlands. The postwar years had not been good to him; the
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on the ground. On the morning of that day, a massive armada of German bombers appeared over
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Twin-engine photo- and cartography aircraft, purpose built for the Dutch air force 1935
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Alex den Ouden - Oude techniek en werktuigbouw - Historical technology and engineering
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twin engine transport monoplane, two of which were used by the Swiss aircraft company
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in May 1940, the company remained the second major Dutch aircraft manufacturer (after
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nothing happened and in 1956 N.V. Koolhoven Aeroplanes closed and was liquidated.
723:"The aircraft designer Frederik (Frits) Koolhoven A gifted and prolific designer"
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32:
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remaining of Koolhoven's planes are newspaper clippings and private snapshots.
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Seaplane scout and fighter, available as low-wing monoplane or biplane, 1926
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Experimental high performance fighter with contra-rotating propellers, 1936
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In 1921, his luck began to change when a group of businessmen founded the
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Historical engineering and technology, industrial archaeology and history
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Three passenger cabin sportsplane/air taxi resemblant of the F.K.41, 1930
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Eight passenger twin-engined airliner, a more powerful F.K.48, used by
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A complete list of the Koolhoven aircraft and projects is given below:
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209:
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540:"Koolmees" (Great Tit) Private plane resemblant of the F.K.41/F.K.43
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Various design studies for a monoplane two-seat fighter (not built)
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single-seat monoplane fighter. The latter was the plane ordered by
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354:. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation only lists the Koolhoven designs
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128:
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Koolhoven, Nederlands vliegtuigbouwer in de schaduw van Fokker
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Ten passenger, three-engined airliner, one built for KLM, 1925
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26:
424:. Amongst the military designs, the most successful were the
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bomber project, which the Koolhoven foundation site doesn't.
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Low-wing monoplane two-seat advanced trainer and scout, 1937
602:
Two-seat biplane scout and fighter with enclosed cabin, 1936
749:, Theo Wesselink and Thijs Postma, Unieboek B.V., Bussum NL
474:"Toerist" (Tourist) Light high-wing sports monoplane, 1927
660:
Two-seat reconnaissance-fighter aircraft, 17 built, 1923
268:
c.1938, cancelled as a result of technical difficulties.
159:. From its conception in 1926 to its destruction in the
755:, various contributors, Portland house, New York 1980
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Two-passenger, single-engine biplane, one built, 1923
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57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1149:Defunct aircraft manufacturers of the Netherlands
272:The end came on 10 May 1940. As a prelude to the
596:Military biplane trainer with open seating, 1935
564:Six passenger twin-engined airliner used by the
642:Modern monoplane high performance fighter, 1938
608:"Junior" low/mid wing light touring plane, 1936
334:lists 26 Koolhoven designs, starting with the
280:set out to destroy as much as possible of the
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8:
468:early experimental aircraft, one built, 1911
1164:Former defence companies of the Netherlands
636:Twin-engined low-wing executive plane, 1938
813:
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528:High-wing open cockpit Private plane, 1929
486:Larger biplane version of the F.K.35, 1926
175:twin-engine passenger transport, and the
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
678:Three-seat reconnaissance seaplane, 1925
492:Design for a 3-engined airliner for the
700:(first ed.). Osprey. p. 173.
688:
7:
1154:Defunct companies of the Netherlands
508:Airliner for 4 or 5 passengers, 1928
179:, built in England under licence by
55:adding citations to reliable sources
558:Biplane private plane/trainer, 1933
332:website of the Koolhoven foundation
171:single-seat monoplane fighter, the
274:German invasion of the Netherlands
217:N.V. Nationale Vliegtuig Industrie
25:
242:and later improved as the Mk.II.
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197:British Aerial Transport Company
31:
753:Jane's encyclopedia of Aviation
666:two-seat training biplane, 1925
42:needs additional citations for
439:biplane which was used by the
318:, projects FK-29 to FK-34 for
1:
970:Nationale Vliegtuig Industrie
618:" with retractable gear, 1937
546:Biplane aerobatic plane, 1931
514:, High-wing monoplane cabin "
18:Nationale Vliegtuig Industrie
771:Koolhoven Vliegtuigenfabriek
580:Multi purpose aircraft, 1937
230:(Koolhoven aircraft, Inc.).
729:. Eindhoven: Alex Den Ouden
614:High-wing monoplane cabin "
193:Frederick "Frits" Koolhoven
191:In 1920, aircraft designer
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518:", built under licence by
228:N.V. Koolhoven vliegtuigen
1014:N.V. Koolhoven Vliegtuige
921:British Aerial Transport
830:Pre-World War I aircraft
698:A Dictionary of Aviation
696:Wragg, David W. (1973).
261:Koolhoven's concept 100
269:
141:
773:at Wikimedia Commons
552:Biplane trainer, 1930
260:
149:aircraft manufacturer
132:
837:Koolhoven Heidevogel
466:Koolhoven Heidevogel
338:and then going from
212:automobile factory.
51:improve this article
847:Armstrong Whitworth
312:Armstrong Whitworth
133:Koolhoven factory,
1159:Koolhoven aircraft
778:Koolhoven Aircraft
270:
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769:Media related to
721:Den Ouden, Alex.
578:Koolhoven F.K.49A
441:Finnish Air Force
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622:Koolhoven F.K.55
612:Koolhoven F.K.54
606:Koolhoven F.K.53
600:Koolhoven F.K.52
594:Koolhoven F.K.51
584:Koolhoven F.K.50
572:Koolhoven F.K.49
562:Koolhoven F.K.48
556:Koolhoven F.K.47
550:Koolhoven F.K.46
544:Koolhoven F.K.45
538:Koolhoven F.K.44
532:Koolhoven F.K.43
526:Koolhoven F.K.42
512:Koolhoven F.K.41
506:Koolhoven F.K.40
500:Koolhoven F.K.39
490:Koolhoven F.K.37
484:Koolhoven F.K.36
478:Koolhoven F.K.35
472:Koolhoven F.K.30
457:Battle of France
451:and flew in the
445:Koolhoven F.K.58
437:Koolhoven F.K.52
433:Second World War
426:Koolhoven F.K.51
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62:Find sources:
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46:
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40:This article
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29:
28:
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856:F.K.1 Sissit
763:
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731:. Retrieved
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61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
960:F.K.28 Crow
733:7 September
516:sport coupe
496:(not built)
455:during the
418: [
266:flying boat
157:Netherlands
66:"Koolhoven"
1143:Categories
786:(in Dutch)
683:References
676:NVI F.K.34
670:NVI F.K.33
664:NVI F.K.32
658:NVI F.K.31
652:NVI F.K.29
522:in England
307:Heidevogel
295:sailplanes
161:Blitzkrieg
77:newspapers
972:aircraft]
822:Koolhoven
520:Desoutter
286:Waalhaven
278:Luftwaffe
181:Desoutter
153:Rotterdam
151:based in
139:Rotterdam
137:airport,
135:Waalhaven
107:June 2008
1016:aircraft
923:aircraft
849:aircraft
824:aircraft
443:and the
409:and the
400:F.K.50-b
301:Aircraft
429:biplane
187:History
147:was an
91:scholar
1128:F.K.59
1123:F.K.58
1118:F.K.57
1113:F.K.56
1108:F.K.55
1103:F.K.54
1098:F.K.53
1093:F.K.52
1088:F.K.51
1083:F.K.50
1078:F.K.49
1073:F.K.48
1068:F.K.47
1063:F.K.46
1058:F.K.45
1053:F.K.44
1048:F.K.43
1043:F.K.42
1038:F.K.41
1033:F.K.40
1028:F.K.36
1023:F.K.30
1004:F.K.35
999:F.K.34
994:F.K.33
989:F.K.32
984:F.K.31
979:F.K.29
955:F.K.27
950:F.K.26
930:F.K.22
911:F.K.13
906:F.K.12
901:F.K.10
704:
588:Alpair
568:, 1934
449:France
435:, the
411:F.K.50
356:F.K.40
352:F.K.36
348:F.K.35
344:F.K.59
340:F.K.35
336:F.K.30
320:N.V.I.
276:, the
210:Spyker
206:Fokker
165:Fokker
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
896:F.K.9
891:F.K.8
886:F.K.7
881:F.K.6
876:F.K.5
871:F.K.4
866:F.K.3
861:F.K.2
422:]
415:Alpar
325:FK-30
236:FK-41
177:FK-41
173:FK-50
169:FK-58
98:JSTOR
84:books
735:2015
702:ISBN
590:1935
394:and
350:and
330:The
314:and
70:news
566:KLM
494:KLM
342:to
316:BAT
263:ton
202:KLM
53:by
1145::
725:.
420:de
396:58
392:53
390:,
388:52
386:,
384:51
382:,
380:49
378:,
376:48
374:,
372:46
370:,
368:43
366:,
364:42
362:,
360:41
358:,
250:.
224:he
183:.
155:,
814:e
807:t
800:v
737:.
710:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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