581:(United Kingdom) and "power kerosene" (Australia). Often the tractors were referred to as "all-fuel". The most important factor in burning heavy fuels in a spark-ignition engine is proper fuel vaporization. Tractors designed to run on those fuels usually used a "hot" intake air manifold that allowed exhaust heat to warm the manifold and carburetor to aid vaporization. Given the poor vaporization at low temperatures, all-fuel tractors were started on gasoline, then switched to the heavy fuel. They were equipped with a small gasoline tank and a large fuel tank, both of which fed into a common valve supplying the fuel to the carburetor.
298:
570:, drip gas was used as a replacement for commercial gasoline by people in oil-producing areas. "In the days of simple engines in automobiles and farm tractors it was not uncommon for anyone having access to a condensate well to fill his tank with 'drip,'" according to the Oklahoma Historical Society. Sometimes it worked fine. "At other times it might cause thundering backfires and clouds of foul-smelling smoke."
645:
721:
processing plant. These hydrocarbons include ethane, propane, butanes, and hydrocarbons with five or more carbon atoms – referred to as pentanes plus, naptha, or plant condensate. Plant condensate can also be blended with crude oil, which would change both the distribution and total volume of oil received by refineries.
720:
A final point to consider involves the distinction between the very light grades of lease condensate (which are included in EIA's oil production data) and hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGL) that are produced from the wellhead as gas but are converted to liquids when separated from methane at a natural gas
632:
The use of drip gas in cars and trucks is now illegal in many states. It is also harmful to modern engines due to its low octane rating, much higher combustion temperature than that of gasoline, and lack of additives. It has a distinctive smell when used as a fuel, which allowed police to sometimes
316:
at the feedstock pressure. This condenses a large part of the gas condensate hydrocarbons. The feedstock mixture of gas, liquid condensate and water is then routed to a high pressure separator vessel where the water and the raw natural gas are separated and removed. If a pressure boost is required,
450:
Natural gas condensate is generally more flammable and explosive than normal crude oil. Operating in areas where condensate has escaped is dangerous for crew due to the danger of explosions, oxygen displacement and the threat of asphyxiating and anaesthetizing, which can occur within a few human
584:
The engine would be started on gasoline and the tractor would then be worked until the engine was sufficiently warm to change over. At that point, the fuel valve would be turned to switch the fuel supply from the gasoline tank to the fuel tank and the heavy fuel would flow to the carburetor.
101:. This gas could exist as a separate gas cap above the crude oil in the underground reservoir or could be dissolved in the crude oil, ultimately coming out of solution as the pressure is reduced during production. Condensate produced from oil wells is often referred to as
628:
In 1975, the New Mexico State Police's drip gas detail – three men in pickup trucks – began patrolling oil and gas fields, catching thieves and recovering barrels of stolen gas. The detail stopped its work in 1987.
558:
of about 30 to 50, sufficient for the low-compression engines of the early 20th century. By 1930, improved engines and higher compression ratios required higher-octane, refined gasolines to produce power without
594:
cooling systems that used no water pumps. Natural convection allowed the water to flow up and out of the engine block and into the top of the radiator, where it cooled and dropped and fell to continue the cycle.
498:
obtained as a byproduct of natural gas extraction. It is also known as "condensate", "natural gasoline", "casing head gas", "raw gas", "white gas" and "liquid gold". Drip gas is defined in the United States
589:
two-cylinder all-fuel tractors worked well on heavy fuel, as their long piston strokes, slow engine speeds and low compression ratios allowed for effective use of the fuel. Most were also equipped with
585:
Shutters or curtains were typically used to restrict airflow to the radiator, keeping the engine sufficiently hot for efficient operation. Coolant temperatures in the 200 degree F range were normal.
786:
329:
plant. The main gas compressor discharge pressure will depend upon the operating pressure of and the distance to the raw natural gas processing plant and may require a multi-stage compressor.
340:. The raw natural gas from the low pressure separator is sent to a "booster" compressor that raises the gas pressure and sends it through a cooler, and then to the main gas compressor.
853:
1107:
442:
Some of the raw natural gas may be re-injected into the producing formation to help maintain the reservoir pressure, or for storage pending later installation of a pipeline.
686:
881:
783:
1032:
336:
to a low pressure separator. The reduction in pressure across the control valve causes the condensate to undergo a partial vaporization referred to as
970:
1001:
573:
Certain manufacturers such as John Deere made farm tractors specifically designed to run on heavy, low-octane fuels which were commonly called "
459:
Because condensate is typically liquid in ambient conditions and also has very low viscosity, condensate is often used to dilute highly viscous
1078:
963:
605:
begins with Woody and his uncle Jeff tapping a natural gas pipeline for drip gas. The gas also has a mention in
Terrence Malick's movie
108:
Dry gas wells: These wells typically produce only raw natural gas that contains no condensate with little to no crude oil and are called
947:
917:
694:
671:
762:
1093:
683:
494:) sometimes installed in pipelines from gas wells, is another name for natural-gas condensate, a naturally occurring form of
144:
There are many condensate sources, and each has its own unique gas condensate composition. In general, gas condensate has a
89:
by many workers on gas installations. Raw natural gas used to create condensate may come from any type of gas well such as:
733:
66:. Some gas species within the raw natural gas will condense to a liquid state if the temperature is reduced to below the
822:
554:, which could be either drip gas or a similar range of hydrocarbons distilled from crude oil. Natural gasoline has an
500:
426:
The water removed from both the high and low pressure separators may need to be processed to remove hydrogen sulfide (
312:
The raw natural gas feedstock from a gas well or a group of wells is cooled to lower the gas temperature to below its
305:
There are hundreds of different equipment configurations to separate natural gas condensate from raw natural gas. The
793:
539:
937:
907:
806:
85:
because it contains hydrocarbons within the gasoline boiling range, and is also referred to by the shortened name
164:. Natural gas compounds with more than two carbon atoms exist as liquids at ambient temperatures and pressures.
614:
Drip gas was sold commercially at gas stations and hardware stores in North
America until the early 1950s. The
237:
traditionally also called mercaptans (denoted as RSH, where R is an organic group such as methyl, ethyl, etc.)
479:. In 2013, the increased use of condensate as diluent significantly increased its price in certain regions.
1050:
574:
37:
578:
326:
292:
124:
113:
31:
313:
67:
41:
998:
1098:
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1123:
769:
306:
974:
464:
322:
943:
913:
523:
337:
63:
176:
are liquid at normal temperatures only under pressure. Additionally, condensate may contain:
1033:"The John Deere 60 all-fuel tractor: a shining example of our farm history | Farms.com"
567:
551:
416:
215:
145:
82:
1103:
1005:
790:
766:
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607:
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259:
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809:
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318:
240:
1117:
649:
598:
555:
333:
591:
279:
17:
718:, Washington, DC: U.S. Energy Information Administration, 29 May 2014, p. 7,
667:
321:, which raises the pressure of the gases to whatever pressure is required for the
515:
344:
250:
59:
55:
1019:
332:
The gas condensate from the high pressure separator flows through a throttling
619:
586:
254:
439:) before the water can be disposed of underground or reused in some fashion.
644:
615:
543:
490:, so named because it can be drawn off the bottom of small chambers (called
472:
263:
173:
909:
Applied
Seismology: A Comprehensive Guide to Seismic Theory and Application
829:
301:
Schematic flow diagram of the separation of condensate from raw natural gas
123:
Condensate wells: These wells typically produce raw natural gas along with
495:
400:
348:
317:
the raw natural gas from the high pressure separator is sent to the main
94:
882:"Diluent shortages could make for sticky situation for Alberta bitumen"
858:
622:
618:
sold today is a similar product but is produced at refineries with the
527:
519:
508:
468:
384:
368:
275:
271:
267:
165:
157:
149:
132:
512:
504:
476:
352:
185:
181:
169:
161:
153:
296:
234:
97:: Natural gas that comes from crude oil wells is typically called
1054:
148:
ranging from 0.5 to 0.8, and is composed of hydrocarbons such as
772:
854:"Factbox: Condensate - a convenient yet explosive fossil fuel"
309:
to the right depicts just one of the possible configurations.
351:
and other impurities will be removed from the gas. Then, the
32:
Natural-gas processing § Contaminants in raw natural gas
1067:
712:
U.S. Crude Oil
Production Forecast- Analysis of Crude Types
58:
liquids that are present as gaseous components in the raw
343:
At the raw natural gas processing plant, the gas will be
467:. In particular, condensate is frequently mixed with
526:
fuel alcohol. Drip gas is also used as a cleaner and
463:
that cannot otherwise be efficiently transported via
36:
Not to be confused with "condensate" in the sense of
1051:"Badlands (1973) movie script - Screenplays for You"
423:—will also be removed and recovered as byproducts.
287:Separating the condensate from the raw natural gas
131:gas. Such raw natural gas is often referred to as
906:Mamdouh R. Gadallah and Ray L. Fisher (2004).
705:
703:
999:Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture.
112:gas. Condensate from dry gas is extracted at
8:
936:New Mexico State Police Association (2000).
1015:
1013:
942:(1st ed.). Turner Publishing Company.
931:
929:
127:with little to no crude oil and are called
738:Oil Sands Research and Information Network
73:The natural gas condensate is also called
27:Low-density mixture of hydrocarbon liquids
1079:"Drip Gas Was A Real Gas for Me As A Kid"
1022:in Horntown, Oklahoma, by Clayton Adair.
971:Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
522:, drip gas may be extracted and used to
455:Use as a diluent in heavy oil production
964:"Authorized Materials for Fuel Alcohol"
660:
633:catch people using drip gas illegally.
577:" or "tractor fuel". Other names were
530:as well as a lantern and stove fuel.
7:
1099:Preparing raw natural gas for sales
939:New Mexico State Police, 1933-2000
25:
1110:and includes a schematic diagram)
823:"Simplified Process Flow Diagram"
695:Energy Information Administration
672:Energy Information Administration
542:—such as the first types made by
693:(a page from the website of the
670:(a page from the website of the
643:
70:temperature at a set pressure.
1081:by Jack Cawthon, June 9, 2004.
54:, is a low-density mixture of
1:
997:Oklahoma Historical Society,
668:International Energy Glossary
419:hydrocarbons referred to as C
750:(dead link 15 December 2020)
880:Lewis, Jeff (23 May 2013).
540:internal combustion engines
501:Code of Federal Regulations
116:plants and is often called
62:produced from many natural
1140:
1108:US EPA's AP-42 publication
1094:Processing raw natural gas
794:Phillips Petroleum Company
601:'s autobiographical novel
534:Historical use in vehicles
290:
35:
29:
1068:International Fuel Names
912:. PennWell Corporation.
740:. University of Alberta
518:. Within set ranges of
323:pipeline transportation
38:liquefied petroleum gas
1104:Natural Gas Processing
784:Natural Gas Condensate
760:Natural Gas Condensate
684:Natural gas processing
579:tractor vaporising oil
550:aircraft engines—used
327:natural gas processing
325:of the gas to the raw
307:schematic flow diagram
302:
293:Natural-gas processing
182:straight-chain alkanes
48:Natural-gas condensate
314:hydrocarbon dew point
300:
68:hydrocarbon dew point
42:liquefied natural gas
770:Marathon Oil Company
734:"Diluent and Dilbit"
184:having from 7 to 12
807:Condensate (Alaska)
52:natural gas liquids
18:Natural gas liquids
1004:2011-09-06 at the
789:2006-04-27 at the
765:2006-10-18 at the
689:2011-03-04 at the
338:flash vaporization
303:
253:and perhaps other
188:atoms (denoted as
125:natural gas liquid
650:Energy portal
566:Beginning in the
503:as consisting of
483:Drip gas and uses
16:(Redirected from
1131:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1053:. Archived from
1047:
1041:
1040:
1029:
1023:
1020:Burning Drip Gas
1017:
1008:
995:
989:
988:
986:
985:
979:
973:. Archived from
968:
960:
954:
953:
933:
924:
923:
903:
897:
896:
894:
892:
877:
871:
870:
868:
867:
862:. 8 January 2018
850:
844:
843:
841:
840:
834:
828:. Archived from
827:
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749:
747:
745:
730:
724:
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568:Great Depression
552:natural gasoline
438:
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417:molecular weight
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366:
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230:
228:
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216:Hydrogen sulfide
211:
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146:specific gravity
118:plant condensate
103:lease condensate
83:natural gasoline
21:
1139:
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1128:
1114:
1113:
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1006:Wayback Machine
996:
992:
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767:Wayback Machine
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727:
715:
709:
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691:Wayback Machine
682:
678:
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639:
563:or detonation.
548:Wright brothers
536:
485:
457:
448:
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260:BTX (chemistry)
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81:, or sometimes
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15:
12:
11:
5:
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1088:External links
1086:
1084:
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1057:on 2005-05-01.
1042:
1024:
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990:
955:
948:
925:
918:
898:
886:Financial Post
872:
845:
814:
812:of Alaska MSDS
810:ConocoPhillips
798:
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415:)—plus higher
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319:gas compressor
291:Main article:
288:
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257:
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241:Carbon dioxide
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213:
206:
194:
141:
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129:non-associated
121:
114:gas processing
110:non-associated
106:
99:associated gas
79:gas condensate
50:, also called
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1136:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1109:
1106:(part of the
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980:on 2008-05-12
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949:1-56311-587-5
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919:1-59370-022-9
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911:
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835:on 2007-03-14
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599:Woody Guthrie
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556:octane rating
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39:
33:
19:
1074:
1063:
1055:the original
1045:
1036:
1027:
993:
982:. Retrieved
975:the original
958:
938:
908:
901:
889:. Retrieved
885:
875:
864:. Retrieved
857:
848:
837:. Retrieved
830:the original
817:
801:
779:
755:
742:. Retrieved
737:
728:
719:
711:
679:
663:
631:
627:
613:
606:
603:Seeds of Man
602:
597:
592:thermosiphon
583:
572:
565:
546:, and early
537:
520:distillation
516:hydrocarbons
491:
487:
486:
461:heavier oils
458:
449:
441:
425:
342:
331:
311:
304:
280:ethylbenzene
143:
128:
117:
109:
102:
98:
86:
78:
74:
72:
51:
47:
46:
1124:Natural gas
1037:m.farms.com
538:Some early
251:Cyclohexane
140:Composition
60:natural gas
56:hydrocarbon
40:, nor with
984:2008-03-06
891:29 January
866:2020-01-11
839:2007-01-18
744:29 January
656:References
620:carcinogen
587:John Deere
575:distillate
475:to create
349:acid gases
345:dehydrated
255:naphthenes
75:condensate
64:gas fields
30:See also:
625:removed.
616:white gas
544:Karl Benz
473:oil sands
465:pipelines
451:breaths.
264:Aromatics
174:isobutane
95:oil wells
1118:Category
1002:Archived
787:Archived
763:Archived
687:Archived
637:See also
608:Badlands
561:knocking
524:denature
496:gasoline
488:Drip gas
401:pentanes
266:such as
180:Heavier
859:Reuters
623:benzene
528:solvent
509:pentane
469:bitumen
446:Dangers
399:), and
385:butanes
369:propane
276:xylenes
272:toluene
268:benzene
166:Propane
158:pentane
150:propane
133:wet gas
946:
916:
513:hexane
511:, and
505:butane
477:dilbit
353:ethane
278:, and
235:Thiols
186:carbon
172:, and
170:butane
162:hexane
160:, and
154:butane
93:Crude
978:(PDF)
967:(PDF)
833:(PDF)
826:(PDF)
716:(PDF)
492:drips
471:from
87:condy
77:, or
944:ISBN
914:ISBN
893:2014
796:MSDS
773:MSDS
746:2014
347:and
383:),
367:),
243:(CO
200:to
1120::
1035:.
1012:^
969:.
928:^
884:.
856:.
736:.
702:^
611:.
507:,
421:5+
274:,
270:,
207:12
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1039:.
987:.
952:.
922:.
895:.
869:.
842:.
805:—
748:.
697:)
674:)
437:S
433:2
428:H
410:5
405:C
403:(
394:4
389:C
387:(
378:3
373:C
371:(
362:2
357:C
355:(
282:)
262:(
247:)
245:2
231:)
229:S
225:2
220:H
218:(
212:)
202:C
195:7
190:C
135:.
120:.
105:.
44:.
20:)
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