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plantations and logging, and this was made permanent in 2019. The moratorium is forecast to reduce
Indonesia's economic growth and negatively affect other macroeconomic indicators such as gross national expenditure (GNE) and welfare. Sumatra, Indonesia's largest palm oil-producing region, is expected
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Nature risks can increase policy and regulatory intervention. As a result, in response to these risks, some sectors of the economy might have to face big shifts in asset values or higher costs of doing business for companies that generate negative impacts on nature. For example, in 2018 Indonesia's
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and sue them for such losses. These shifts in public sentiment can result in lower brand value, loss of customer base and profits or further increases in insurance premiums (in the case of legal action). This trend of social awareness on nature-related issues is on the rise. For instance, in 2010,
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As consumers and the market react to nature risks, leading to supply and demand patterns shifted, novel products/services, technologies and business models emerge and may disrupt the established business community. For example, meat and fish alternatives, including synthetic proteins, will
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increasingly replace traditional meat products. The demand for cow products will decrease by 70% by 2030, and by 80–90% by 2035, with a total cost in excess of $ 100 billion to meat producers and their supply chains.
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Greenpeace launched a campaign against Nestlé's KitKat brand to raise awareness about the brand's sourcing of palm oil from deforested
Indonesian rainforests. Nestlé's stock subsequently decreased by 4%.
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on which human societies rely for their functioning. An example is tropical deforestation. It is a key source of nature risk for sectors that either have an impact or dependency on tropical forests.
43:. The loss of nature can also contribute to systemic geopolitical risk because nature's assets and services, such as clean air, plentiful fresh water, fertile soils, a stable climate, provide vital
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that are related to the loss of natural assets. They may impact businesses or economies by impacting directly on operations or by negatively affecting society in a way that then creates
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228:"Indonesia's Moratorium on Palm Oil Expansion from Natural Forests: Economy-Wide Impacts and the Role of International Transfers"
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president issued a three-year moratorium on clearing primary forests and peatlands for land-use activities such as
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185:"Policy forum: Institutional architecture and activities to reduce emissions from forests in Indonesia"
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163:"Nature Risk Rising: Why the Crisis Engulfing Nature Matters for Business and the Economy"
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Customers, clients, and the wider public will hold many companies accountable for any
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to be worst affected, with a predicted -2% deviation from its baseline GDP by 2030.
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278:"Deforestation-driven reputation risk could become material for FMCGs"
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Yusuf, Arief; Roos, Elizabeth; Horridge, Jonathan (September 2018).
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24:, 2018. Almost all of Europe's originsl forests have been removed
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Tacconi, Luca; Zahrul
Muttaqin, Muhammad (July 20, 2019).
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260:"Rethinking food and agriculture 2020-2030"
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310:Works about natural disasters
205:10.1016/j.forpol.2019.101980
192:Forest Policy and Economics
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232:Asian Development Review
35:are risks recognized in
285:Chain Reaction Research
113:Financial risk modeling
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108:Risk management tools
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245:10.1162/adev_a_00115
170:World Economic Forum
172:. January 19, 2020.
103:Key risk indicators
51:Examples of impacts
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266:. September 2019.
143:Reputational risk
89:Crisis management
75:biodiversity loss
20:Deforestation in
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98:Natural disaster
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71:natural capital
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37:risk management
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287:. May 9, 2019.
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133:Valuation risk
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128:Political risk
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94:Natural hazard
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29:Natural risks
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209:. Retrieved
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138:Moral hazard
118:Country risk
45:public goods
41:market risks
33:nature risks
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73:decline or
299:Categories
198:: 101980.
149:References
123:Model risk
264:RethinkX
211:March 7,
83:See also
59:palm oil
305:Nature
22:Europe
281:(PDF)
188:(PDF)
166:(PDF)
315:Risk
213:2021
96:and
240:doi
200:doi
196:108
31:or
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