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1057:
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advanced sailing ships for their long oceanic ventures. Gradually, they developed their own models of oceanic carracks from a fusion and modification of aspects of the ship types they knew operating in both the
Atlantic and Mediterranean, generalizing their use in the end of the century for inter-oceanic travel with a more advanced form of sail rigging that allowed much improved sailing characteristics in the heavy winds and waves of the Atlantic Ocean and a hull shape and size that permitted larger cargoes. In addition to the average tonnage naus, some naus (carracks) were also built in the reign of
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1095:
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with their lateen sails. These and similar ship types were familiar to
Portuguese navigators and shipwrights. As the Portuguese and Spaniards gradually extended their trade ever further south along Africa's Atlantic coast and islands during the 15th century, they needed larger, more durable and more
1121:
249:, the carrack was first used for European trade from the Mediterranean to the Baltic and quickly found use with the newly found wealth of the trade between Europe and Africa and then the trans-Atlantic trade with the Americas. In their most advanced forms, they were used by the
634:
to develop this trade in partnership with the
Chinese. That trade continued with few interruptions until 1638, when it was prohibited by the rulers of Japan on the grounds that the ships were smuggling Catholic priests into the country. The Japanese called Portuguese carracks
446:(barge) literally, "shorn tail", a possible reference to the ship's flat stern). Its attestation in Greek literature is distributed in two closely related lobes. The first distribution lobe, or area, associates it with certain light and fast merchantmen found near
1094:
1171:
1032:, a Portuguese ship that disappeared in 1533 after sailing from Lisbon. The well preserved shipwreck was discovered in 2008 on the coast of Namibia, along with its cargo of assorted copper ingots, elephant ivory and over 2000 gold and silver coins.
1056:
630:, by leasing the annual "captaincy" to Japan to the highest bidder at Goa, in effect conferring exclusive trading rights for a single carrack bound for Japan every year. In 1557 the Portuguese acquired
598:
were developed from the carrack. The galleon design came to replace that of the carrack although carracks were still in use as late as the middle of the 17th century due to their larger cargo capacity.
490:
1072:
312:, the carrack was one of the most influential ship designs in history; while ships became more specialized in the following centuries, the basic design remained unchanged throughout this period.
1535:
1313:
Bosworth, C. Edmund (1991). "Some remarks on the terminology of irrigation practices and hydraulic constructions in the eastern Arab and
Iranian worlds in the third-fifth centuries A.H.".
622:
in order to purchase silks. Starting in 1541, the
Portuguese began trading with Japan, exchanging Chinese silk for Japanese silver; in 1550 the Portuguese Crown started to regulate
268:
ocean-going ship: large enough to be stable in heavy seas, and capacious enough to carry a large cargo and the provisions needed for very long voyages. The later carracks were
1183:
1689:
1155:
1429:
Manguin, Pierre-Yves. 2012. "Asian shipbuilding traditions in the Indian Ocean at the dawn of
European expansion", in: Om Prakash and D. P. Chattopadhyaya (eds),
257:
for trade between Europe, Africa and Asia starting in the late 15th century, before being gradually superseded in the late 16th and early 17th centuries by the
1207:
words are popularly used in reference to a cumbersome individual, to an old vessel, or to a vehicle in a very bad condition. The
Portuguese form of "carrack",
607:
Starting in 1498, Portugal initiated for the first time direct and regular exchanges between Europe and India—and the rest of Asia thereafter—through the
3005:
1340:
Gong, Y (1990). "kalakku: Überlegungen zur
Mannigfaltigkeit der Darstellungsweisen desselben Begriffs in der Keilschrift anhand des Beispiels kalakku".
1658:(Dubrovnik Carrack) – a kind of a three or four masted carrack used between the 14th and the 17th century for cargo transport in the Republic of Ragusa
3035:
1143:
543:, but were widespread only after the turn of the century. The Portuguese carracks were usually very large ships for their time, often over 1000 tons
664:
The
Islamic world also built and used carracks, or at least carrack-like ships, in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. A picture of an Ottoman
1137:, Lisbon. Built based on another design, later in Portugal (1589), she was one of the largest ship in the world in her time. She had seven decks.
1682:
756:, flagship of the Danish-Norwegian King Hans, built in the Low Countries 1485 and served the Danish-Norwegian crown until sinking in June 1495.
169:
2990:
1599:
2995:
1414:
994:
1550:
643:), referring to the colour of the ship's hulls. This term would eventually come to refer to any Western vessel, not just Portuguese.
611:, a voyage that required the use of more substantial vessels, such as carracks, due to its unprecedented duration, about six months.
1675:
1580:
1297:
137:
1044:
1342:
530:, were widely used along the coasts of Europe, from the Mediterranean, to the Baltic. Given the conditions of the Mediterranean,
176:
646:
3000:
1386:
939:
75:
970:, presumed to have been the largest and richest ship to ever sail to and from the Indies until it exploded and sank at the
684:: The cargo ship and the smaller longship (galley-like) that was used for fighting. It is unclear whether the nomenclature
3010:
2872:
902:
156:
1433:, Volume III, Part 7: The trading world of the Indian Ocean, 1500–1800, pp. 597–629. Delhi, Chennai, Chandigarh: Pearson.
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868:
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carrying gold to purchase spices and other exotic items, but mainly pepper. From Goa, one carrack went on to
1002:
951:
1486:"The Danish royal flagship gribshunden – Dendrochronology on a late medieval carvel sunk in the Baltic Sea"
668:
on Piri Reis' map shows a deep-hulled ship with a tall forecastle and a lateen sail on the mizzenmast. The
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Carracks of the Indian Ocean: Indian carrack "Piroga" — Carrack of Mecca — Carrack of Rumes (Ottoman)
843:
829:
747:
676:) was a type of ship used to hurl explosives or inflammable materials (firebomb in earthenware pots,
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165:
86:
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724:(Moorish carracks) by the Portuguese. Arabs merchants of Mecca apparently used carracks too, since
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2016:
1961:
1079:
895:
800:, the first ship in history to circumnavigate the globe (1519 to 1522), and the only survivor of
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operated between
Malacca and the Red Sea, and were often larger than Portuguese carracks. The
477:
470:
352:, a term for a large, square-rigged sailing vessel used in Spanish, Italian and Middle Latin.
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type vessels were extensively used there, as were various two masted vessels, including the
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571:(Dubrovnik Carrack), used between the 14th and the 17th century for cargo transport in the
563:
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2144:
2086:
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443:
419:
388:
1088:, in 1522 the first ship to circumnavigate the globe and the only Magellan ship to return
850:
Bay in 1527, the salvage of whose cargo almost led to a war between England and Portugal.
476:, which denotes a type of river barge. The Akkadian term is assumed to be derived from a
1501:
591:(Dubrovnik Carrack) was used between the 14th and the 17th century for cargo transport.
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160:, and other Portuguese carracks of various sizes. From painting, attributed to either
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Carrack (karaka) – a large three-masted cargo sailing ship in the 14th–17th centuries
1371:
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768:, in the 1497 Portuguese expedition from Europe to India by circumnavigating Africa.
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1509:
950:, built in Lisbon during 1589, she was one of the world's largest ships. She was
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that was developed in the 14th to 15th centuries in Europe, most notably in
1616:
680:, fire arrows). From the context of Islamic texts, there are two types of
560:
had six sails: bowsprit, foresail, mainsail, mizzensail and two topsails.
458:
corpus, where it seems most frequently to describe the Nile barges of the
17:
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in 1535. The first European ship to sail on this river past the Gulf.
531:
523:
447:
281:
998:, Portuguese carrack sunk in a Japanese attack near Nagasaki in 1610
1066:(launched in 1501 or 1502), in the 16th-century "Roteiro de Malaca"
962:
that is still considered the second-largest treasure ever captured.
2898:
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2685:
2404:
2356:
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2229:
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2099:
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1996:
1926:
1882:
1867:
1662:
1431:
History of science, philosophy, and culture in Indian Civilization
1021:
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and of the China and Japan trade, also other new types of design.
527:
502:
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451:
331:
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242:
175:
149:
792:
with a huge booty, making it one of the legendary lost treasures.
2933:
2760:
2109:
2006:
1956:
1941:
1892:
1837:
1671:
1484:
Hansson, Anton; Linderson, Hans; Foley, Brendan (August 2021).
816:'s ship to explore the Atlantic coast of North America in 1524.
480:
antecedent. A modern reflex of the word is found in Arabic and
47:
1445:"Interim Report on Gribshunden (1495) Excavations: 2019–2021"
433:
1407:
Classic Ships of Islam: From Mesopotamia to the Indian Ocean
410:"merchant ship", itself of unknown origin (maybe from Latin
692:(carrack), or whether one influences the other. One Muslim
319:
Replica of a small 15th-century or 16th-century carrack at
882:— English military carracks like these were often called
922:
in 1522 and sometimes hailed as the first armoured ship.
1592:
Kerala Coast: A Byway in History. (Carrack: Word Lore)
1149:
Portuguese carrack, as depicted in a map made in 1565
930:, chartered to a group of merchants in 1563 by Queen
858:, a Scottish ship, at one time the largest in Europe.
898:. One of the largest ships in the world at the time.
344:
was loaned in the late 14th century, via Old French
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1710:
1161:Japanese depiction of a Portuguese carrack, dubbed
958:in 1592 with an enormously valuable cargo from the
918:, a particularly modern design commissioned by the
522:and cog-like square-rigged vessels equipped with a
78:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1534:Cassar Pullicino, Joseph (October–December 1949).
1370:
938:became involved in the Atlantic slave trade under
780:, as it was called, served over nine years in the
587:, a kind of a three or four masted carrack called
465:. Both of these usages may lead back through the
454:. The second is an extensive attestation in the
170:Princess Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy
1536:"The Order of St. John in Maltese folk-memory"
614:On average, four carracks connected Lisbon to
264:In its most developed form, the carrack was a
1683:
982:, Portuguese carrack which was seized by the
594:In the middle of the 16th century, the first
8:
1642:The Development of the Square-Rigged Ship:
704:in 1507 from the Ottoman Turks and renamed
554:A typical three-masted carrack such as the
336:Naval battle involving carracks and galleys
2082:
1690:
1676:
1668:
728:noted that the Bengali people have "great
186:painting of a large carrack attributed to
168:, showing voyage of the marriage party of
1650:Computer modeling of a Portuguese carrack
1460:
1292:. New York: Lyons Press. pp. 77–79.
750:made his first voyage to America in 1492.
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
37:For the rocks off the Cornish coast, see
1529:
1527:
1280:
1040:
712:(carracks) by the Portuguese. Gujarati
507:16th-century depiction of a Portuguese
308:at the stem. As the predecessor of the
1400:
1398:
720:also used carracks, sometimes called
154:The large carrack, thought to be the
27:14th–17th century masted sailing ship
7:
1211:, is used as its unique unit in the
708:. Gujarati ships are usually called
547:, and having the future naus of the
76:adding citations to reliable sources
1644:from the carrack to the full-rigger
1189:A four-masted Turkish carrack, 1586
245:. Evolving from the single-masted
25:
3006:Economy of the Republic of Ragusa
878:, built during the reign of King
3036:Tourist attractions in Dubrovnik
1627:
1615:
1343:Journal of Ancient Civilizations
1233:
1182:
1170:
1154:
1142:
1120:
1093:
1071:
1055:
1043:
842:, the personal property of King
406:is unclear, perhaps from Arabic
52:
1373:The Structures of Everyday Life
688:has a connection with European
494:Three- and four-masted carracks
63:needs additional citations for
1:
1632:The dictionary definition of
1443:Foley, Brendan (2024-01-31).
903:Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai
732:after the fashion of Mecca".
180:
157:Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai
2991:Maritime history of Portugal
2889:Bristol Channel pilot cutter
1510:10.1016/j.dendro.2021.125861
1405:Agius, Dionisius A. (2007).
1377:. Harper & Row. p.
2996:Merchant sailing ship types
1111:are shown as carracks; the
3057:
1590:Nair, V. Sankaran (2008).
1315:Journal of Islamic Studies
1050:Small 16th-century carrack
434:
292:. They had a high rounded
36:
29:
1575:. Conway Maritime Press.
1462:10.1163/16000390-09401052
1290:The History of Shipwrecks
429:) and from thence to the
418:"load of timber") or the
414:"to load a car" or Greek
2583:Iron-hulled sailing ship
1549:(4): 174. Archived from
1269:Portuguese India Armadas
1103:(G.A. Closs, 1892): the
984:Dutch East India Company
442:) meaning approximately
355:These ships were called
188:Pieter Bruegel the Elder
41:. For the musician, see
30:Not to be confused with
2392:Square-rigged caravel (
1020:during their rule over
952:captured by the English
894:, commissioned by King
784:, sinking in 1512 with
402:The origin of the term
1571:Kirsch, Peter (1990).
1409:. Brill Academic Pub.
1062:Famous Portuguese nau
995:Nossa Senhora da Graça
932:Elizabeth I of England
906:, a war ship built in
661:
580:
511:
495:
337:
324:
229:) is a three- or four-
226:
218:
210:
202:
190:
173:
3001:Portuguese inventions
2924:Pinnace (ship's boat)
2286:Chinese treasure ship
1594:. Trivandrum: Folio.
1127:Model of the carrack
880:Henry VIII of England
802:Magellan's expedition
786:Afonso de Albuquerque
649:
566:
506:
493:
335:
318:
179:
153:
3011:History of Dubrovnik
2939:Thames sailing barge
2770:Recreational vessels
1624:at Wikimedia Commons
1288:Konstam, A. (2002).
1115:(left) as a caravel.
844:John III of Portugal
830:Saint Lawrence River
828:first navigated the
748:Christopher Columbus
700:was captured by the
166:Cornelis Antoniszoon
72:improve this article
2960:Nautical operations
2894:Floating restaurant
2782:Ljungström sailboat
2362:Full-rigged pinnace
1502:2021Dendr..6825861H
1369:Braudel, F (1979).
920:Knights Hospitaller
790:conquest of Malacca
702:Knights of St. John
541:John II of Portugal
487:"raft; riverboat".
3031:17th-century ships
3026:16th-century ships
3021:15th-century ships
3016:14th-century ships
2077:and other vessels
2071:Naval and merchant
1449:Acta Archaeologica
1327:10.1093/jis/2.1.78
1016:, the ship of the
896:Henry V of England
869:Henri Grâce à Dieu
662:
585:Republic of Ragusa
581:
573:Republic of Ragusa
512:
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338:
325:
191:
174:
2986:Exploration ships
2981:Age of Sail ships
2968:
2967:
2797:Sailing hydrofoil
2649:
2648:
2568:Blackwall frigate
2491:Baltimore Clipper
1656:Dubrovačka karaka
1620:Media related to
1601:978-81-906028-1-5
1556:on 17 April 2016.
1490:Dendrochronologia
1254:Chinese junk ship
1199:The Italian word
1018:Order of St. John
910:by the Portuguese
875:Peter Pomegranate
589:Dubrovačka karaka
569:Dubrovačka karaka
148:
147:
140:
122:
16:(Redirected from
3048:
2537:Ship of the line
2461:Ship of the line
2083:
2079:(by origin date)
1858:Full-rigged ship
1759:Fore-and-aft rig
1728:Age of Discovery
1723:Maritime history
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1003:Peter von Danzig
516:Late Middle Ages
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1223:strategy game.
1220:Civilization VI
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1195:Popular culture
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1135:Maritime Museum
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1101:Columbus' Ships
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1089:
1076:
1067:
1060:
1051:
1048:
1039:
1010:in 1460s–1470s.
972:action of Faial
936:Jesus of Lübeck
927:Jesus of Lübeck
826:Jacques Cartier
738:
736:Famous carracks
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2914:Norfolk wherry
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2792:Pocket cruiser
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2641:Montagu whaler
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2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2187:Post-classical
2183:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2105:Borobudur ship
2102:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2080:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
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1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1863:Jackass-barque
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1784:Ljungström rig
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1743:
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1611:
1610:External links
1608:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1587:
1581:
1566:
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1560:
1559:
1523:
1476:
1455:(1): 132–145.
1435:
1422:
1416:978-9004277854
1415:
1394:
1387:
1361:
1332:
1305:
1298:
1279:
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1256:
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1249:Medieval ships
1245:
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1228:
1225:
1214:Civilization V
1196:
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1126:
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1099:
1092:
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1077:
1070:
1068:
1064:Flor de la Mar
1061:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1025:
1011:
1006:, ship of the
999:
991:
979:Santa Catarina
975:
963:
943:
923:
911:
899:
887:
859:
851:
846:, wrecked off
833:
821:Grande Hermine
817:
805:
793:
778:Flor de la Mar
769:
764:, flagship of
757:
751:
737:
734:
726:Duarte Barbosa
722:naos mauriscas
604:
601:
500:
497:
329:
326:
162:Gregório Lopes
146:
145:
60:
58:
51:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3053:
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3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
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2992:
2989:
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2961:
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2838:
2836:Special terms
2834:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:Sailing yacht
2800:
2798:
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2434:
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2431:East Indiaman
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2421:Bermuda sloop
2419:
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2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2092:
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2081:
2075:
2074:sailing ships
2069:
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1659:
1657:
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1648:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1638:at Wiktionary
1637:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1618:
1614:
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1582:0-85177-546-2
1578:
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1301:
1299:1-58574-620-7
1295:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1264:Arabs baghlah
1262:
1260:
1259:Javanese jong
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1241:Oceans portal
1236:
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1222:
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1216:
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1194:
1185:
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1168:
1164:
1157:
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1136:
1132:
1131:
1130:Madre de Deus
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
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1096:
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1074:
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976:
973:
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968:
964:
961:
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956:Flores Island
953:
949:
948:
947:Madre de Deus
944:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:
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921:
917:
916:
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909:
905:
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897:
893:
892:
888:
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881:
877:
876:
871:
870:
865:
864:
860:
857:
856:
855:Great Michael
852:
849:
845:
841:
837:
836:Santo António
834:
831:
827:
823:
822:
818:
815:
811:
810:
806:
803:
799:
798:
794:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:
770:
767:
766:Vasco da Gama
763:
762:
758:
755:
752:
749:
745:
744:
740:
739:
735:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
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711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
659:
655:
652:
648:
644:
642:
638:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
602:
600:
597:
592:
590:
586:
578:
575:(present-day
574:
570:
565:
561:
559:
558:
552:
550:
546:
542:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
510:
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492:
488:
486:
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479:
475:
472:
468:
464:
461:
457:
453:
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428:
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417:
413:
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405:
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398:
394:
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386:
382:
378:
374:
373:
368:
364:
360:
359:
353:
351:
347:
343:
334:
327:
322:
321:Vila do Conde
317:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:square-rigged
267:
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256:
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244:
240:
236:
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131:
128:December 2023
120:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89: –
88:
84:
83:Find sources:
77:
73:
67:
66:
61:This article
59:
55:
50:
49:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2909:Norfolk punt
2787:Mast aft rig
2696:Herring buss
2620:West Country
2542:Sloop-of-war
2397:
2393:
2327:Crommesteven
2280:
1820:sailing rigs
1794:Mast aft rig
1742:Sailing rigs
1702:vessels and
1655:
1643:
1634:
1591:
1572:
1551:the original
1546:
1542:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1430:
1425:
1406:
1372:
1364:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1321:(1): 78–85.
1318:
1314:
1308:
1289:
1283:
1218:
1212:
1208:
1200:
1198:
1165:(black ship)
1162:
1128:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1085:Nao Victoria
1084:
1063:
1027:
1013:
1001:
993:
978:
967:Cinco Chagas
965:
945:
940:John Hawkins
935:
925:
913:
901:
889:
873:
867:
861:
853:
839:
835:
819:
807:
796:
782:Indian Ocean
777:
771:
760:
742:
729:
721:
713:
709:
705:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
673:
669:
665:
663:
653:
640:
613:
606:
593:
588:
582:
568:
556:
553:
545:displacement
513:
508:
484:
473:
439:
426:
415:
411:
407:
403:
401:
392:
384:
380:
370:
356:
354:
349:
345:
341:
339:
266:carvel-built
263:
235:sailing ship
233:ocean-going
194:
192:
155:
134:
125:
115:
108:
101:
94:
82:
70:Please help
65:verification
62:
43:Paul Carrack
39:The Carracks
2904:Mersey flat
2882:Other types
2671:Barca-longa
2573:Down Easter
2210:Bomb vessel
2162:K'un-lun po
2140:Quadriremes
2125:Penteconter
2012:Quadrimaran
1833:Barquentine
1749:Bermuda rig
1718:Age of Sail
1573:The Galleon
1105:Santa Maria
960:East Indies
884:great ships
840:St. Anthony
824:, in which
809:La Dauphine
773:Flor do Mar
761:São Gabriel
754:Gribshunden
746:, in which
743:Santa María
706:Santa Maria
637:Black Ships
567:Replica of
557:São Gabriel
456:Oxyrhynchus
423:القُرْقُورُ
184: 1558
2975:Categories
2868:Treenailed
2848:Lashed lug
2843:Inflatable
2822:Windsurfer
2807:Sportsboat
2756:Well smack
2625:Windjammer
2552:Trincadour
2522:Padewakang
2372:Man-of-war
2311:Trabaccolo
2250:Malangbang
2052:Vaka katea
2002:Pentamaran
1843:Brigantine
1804:Square rig
1799:Pinisi rig
1779:Lateen rig
1769:Gunter rig
1733:Navigation
1496:: 125861.
1388:0060148454
1275:References
1205:derivative
915:Santa Anna
891:Grace Dieu
814:Verrazzano
804:for Spain.
788:after the
672:(Saracen:
620:Ming China
609:Cape Route
467:Phoenician
427:al-qurqoor
363:Portuguese
323:, Portugal
302:forecastle
290:mizzenmast
251:Portuguese
199:Portuguese
98:newspapers
18:Nau (ship)
2863:Tall ship
2691:Gableboat
2605:Leti leti
2595:Janggolan
2527:Post ship
2398:de armada
2387:Speronara
2115:Fire ship
2047:Va'a-tele
1972:Kora kora
1937:Catamaran
1903:Multihull
1809:Tanja rig
1754:Crab claw
1711:Overviews
1698:Types of
1518:1125-7865
1471:0065-101X
1356:1004-9371
1133:, in the
1029:Bom Jesus
988:Singapore
863:Mary Rose
848:Gunwalloe
698:Mogarbina
658:Piri Reis
549:India run
460:Ptolemaic
444:"lighter"
440:kerkouros
435:κέρκουρος
416:καρκαρίς
412:carricare
298:aftcastle
255:Spaniards
87:"Carrack"
3041:Carracks
2817:Wharrams
2736:Sixareen
2731:Nordland
2726:Patorani
2512:Gundalow
2497:Gallivat
2482:Chialoup
2477:Bilander
2426:Corvette
2342:Galleass
2301:Lancaran
2260:Tongkang
2245:Longship
2195:Balinger
2095:Balangay
2042:Ungalawa
2037:Trimaran
2032:Tongiaki
2027:Tipairua
1878:Schooner
1774:Junk rig
1764:Gaff rig
1622:Carracks
1543:Scientia
1350:: 9–24.
1227:See also
1163:kurofune
990:in 1603.
974:in 1594.
797:Victoria
718:Bengalis
641:kurofune
596:galleons
536:caravels
478:Sumerian
471:Akkadian
463:pharaohs
340:English
306:bowsprit
278:mainmast
274:foremast
239:Portugal
223:Croatian
172:in 1521.
2953:Related
2751:Tartane
2701:Jangada
2681:Felucca
2676:Falkuša
2634:20th c.
2588:Warship
2578:Golekan
2561:19th c.
2487:Clipper
2470:18th c.
2456:Polacca
2436:Frigate
2414:17th c.
2382:Patache
2377:Manchua
2352:Flyboat
2337:Galleon
2320:16th c.
2291:Caravel
2281:Carrack
2274:15th c.
2240:Kondura
2205:Birlinn
2135:Trireme
2087:Ancient
2022:Tepukei
1977:Lakatoi
1967:Karakoa
1947:Guilalo
1932:Camakau
1917:Amatasi
1905:vessels
1873:Mistico
1848:Catboat
1789:Lug rig
1700:sailing
1635:carrack
1498:Bibcode
1201:caracca
1080:replica
1037:Gallery
694:harraqa
690:carraca
686:harraqa
682:harraqa
678:naphtha
674:karaque
670:harraqa
651:Ottoman
603:In Asia
583:In the
577:Croatia
526:at the
514:By the
499:Origins
482:Turkish
474:kalakku
469:to the
408:qaraqir
404:carraca
381:caraque
377:Spanish
372:carraca
367:Genoese
358:carraca
350:carraca
348:, from
346:caraque
342:carrack
310:galleon
288:on the
272:on the
259:galleon
219:carraca
215:Catalan
207:Spanish
195:carrack
112:scholar
2944:Wherry
2919:Pausik
2777:Dinghy
2721:Mayang
2716:Masula
2711:Lugger
2706:Jukung
2610:Palari
2532:74-gun
2517:Lanong
2441:Galeas
2367:Lorcha
2332:Galiot
2296:Ghurab
2255:Shitik
2200:Benawa
2150:Dromon
2130:Bireme
2120:Galley
1982:Lanong
1952:Jukung
1922:Baurua
1853:Cutter
1828:Barque
1598:
1579:
1516:
1469:
1413:
1385:
1354:
1296:
696:named
532:galley
524:rudder
518:, the
448:Cyprus
420:Arabic
391:, and
389:French
286:rigged
282:lateen
231:masted
227:karaka
114:
107:
100:
93:
85:
2899:Fusta
2853:Razee
2827:Yacht
2746:Smack
2741:Sgoth
2686:Fifie
2661:Bagan
2615:Tamar
2600:Lambo
2502:Garay
2405:Xebec
2394:round
2357:Fluyt
2347:Ghali
2265:Zabra
2230:Knarr
2172:Mtepe
2100:Boita
2057:Vinta
2017:Takia
1997:Paraw
1962:Kalia
1927:Bigiw
1912:ʻalia
1883:Sloop
1868:Ketch
1554:(PDF)
1539:(PDF)
1109:Pinta
1022:Malta
908:India
838:, or
666:barca
660:' map
656:from
654:barca
632:Macau
628:Japan
624:trade
528:stern
485:kelek
452:Corfu
431:Greek
397:Dutch
393:kraak
296:with
294:stern
243:Spain
119:JSTOR
105:books
32:Karak
2934:Scow
2929:Pram
2873:ULDB
2858:Sewn
2761:Yoal
2666:Bago
2547:Toop
2507:Grab
2451:Pink
2446:Koff
2235:Koch
2225:Jong
2220:Hulk
2167:Lepa
2157:Junk
2110:Dhow
2007:Proa
1992:Pahi
1957:Kaep
1942:Drua
1893:Yawl
1888:Snow
1838:Brig
1704:rigs
1596:ISBN
1577:ISBN
1514:ISSN
1467:ISSN
1411:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1352:ISSN
1294:ISBN
1217:and
1203:and
1113:Niña
1107:and
986:off
954:off
872:and
730:naos
714:naos
710:naos
450:and
365:and
328:Name
304:and
280:and
276:and
253:and
241:and
91:news
2396:or
2306:Hoy
2215:Cog
2177:Uru
1818:By
1506:doi
1457:doi
1379:423
1323:doi
1209:nau
1082:of
776:or
639:" (
626:to
616:Goa
520:cog
509:nau
395:in
387:in
385:nef
383:or
375:in
361:in
247:cog
211:nao
203:nau
164:or
74:by
2977::
2062:Wa
1547:15
1545:.
1541:.
1526:^
1512:.
1504:.
1494:68
1492:.
1488:.
1465:.
1453:94
1451:.
1447:.
1397:^
1381:.
1346:.
1317:.
1078:A
934:.
866:,
812:,
399:.
379:,
369:,
300:,
261:.
225::
221:;
217::
213:;
209::
205:;
201::
193:A
181:c.
2493:)
2489:(
2400:)
1691:e
1684:t
1677:v
1604:.
1585:.
1520:.
1508::
1500::
1473:.
1459::
1419:.
1391:.
1358:.
1348:5
1329:.
1325::
1319:2
1302:.
1024:.
942:.
886:.
635:"
579:)
438:(
425:(
284:-
197:(
141:)
135:(
130:)
126:(
116:·
109:·
102:·
95:·
68:.
45:.
34:.
20:)
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