464:
425:
1695:
70:
56:
146:
2805:
were to be resettled beyond the Urals to make room for German colonists. In fact Hitler was unable to inspire many
Germans to colonize Ukraine. Despite ambitious plans only a few villages were cleared of their Ukrainian inhabitants and populated with Germans (both groups were resettled under duress). Those experiments were profoundly resented by the local population, which saw them as portents of German postwar intentions. Resettlement was also prevented by the German retreat and then by the formal liquidation of the RKU on 10 November 1944.
439:
1243:
1920:
2295:, initially had direct authority over any SS formations in Ukraine to order "Security Operations", but soon lost it – especially after the summer of 1942 when he tried to regain control over policing in Ukraine by gaining authority for the collection of the harvest, and failed miserably, in large part because Koch withheld cooperation. In Ukraine, Himmler soon became the voice of relative moderation, hoping that an improvement in the Ukrainians' living conditions would encourage greater numbers of them to join the
2198:
the urban population as 5,373,553 and the rural population as 23,669,381 – a total of 29,042,934, however the borders of the administrative region of the Soviet
Ukrainian SSR were noticeably different from those of the Reichskommissariat. In 1939, a new census reported the Ukrainian urban population as 11,195,620 and rural population as 19,764,601 – a total of 30,960,221. The Ukrainian Soviets counted 17% of total Soviet population, and a significant portion was also separately
532:
2630:" farmers in the region after the war, along with the empowerment of some ethnic Germans in the territory. Ukraine was the furthest eastern settlement of the migrating ancient Goths between the 2nd and 4th centuries and subsequently, according to Hitler, "Only German should be spoken here". The sending of Dutch settlers was charged to the "Nederlandsche Oost-Compagnie", a Dutch-German Company dedicated to encourage the colonization of the east by Dutch citizens.
1912:
2342:
2322:
2332:
2352:
2521:
1040:
2399:
2216:
1514:
1375:, and Koch and Lohse in the field. Rosenberg at least managed to be appointed Reichsleiter ("Reich leader") of the new arbeitsbereich. Rosenberg later attempted to take such political power into the political section of the ministry to keep all party issues in his control, and prohibited the creation of organizations and any political activity in the East without his express authorization.
2174:
as he saw fit. He thereby enjoyed complete autonomy, verging on independence, from Koch's authority. Frauenfeld's administration was much more moderate than Koch's and consequentially more economically successful. Koch was greatly angered by
Fraunfeld's insubordination (a comparable situation also existed in the administrative relationship between the Estonian general commissariat and
2615:, who was chosen by Adolf Hitler to rule Ukraine, made the point about the inferiority of Ukrainians with a certain simplicity: "Even if I find a Ukrainian who is worthy of sitting at my table, I must have him shot" and "remember that the lowliest German worker is racially and biologically a thousand times more valuable than the population here, which is more distinct from
2578:, by their own "Gemeindwirtschaften" (German Communal Farms), the installation of state enterprise "Landbewirstschaftungsgessellschaft Ukraine M.b.H." for managing the new German state farms and cooperatives, and the foundation of numerous "Kombines" (Great German exploitation Monopolies) with government or private capital in the territory, to exploit the resources and
1255:
123:
115:
108:
2517:
junior staff. Thus the East
Ministry was managed by personal criteria and particular interests over official orders. Additionally, they failed to maintain the "Political Section" at an equal level with more specialized departments (Economy, Works, Farms, etc.) because political considerations clashed with exploitation plans in the territory.
133:
131:
134:
132:
114:
2555:(the Reichskommissar of Ostland) in March 1942 to supply 380,000 farm workers and 247,000 industrial workers for German work needs. Later Koch was mentioned during the new year message of 1943, how he "recruited" 710,000 workers in Ukraine. This and subsequent "worker registration" drives in Ukraine would eventually backfire after the
103:
120:
130:
129:
121:
124:
116:
113:
1686:(Bishop Manuyil Tarnavsky) by decree of the Civil German Administration of limited religious liberty in Ukraine. The German Administration also allowed Archbishop Alexander of Pinsk and Polesia to maintain the religious authority he wielded before the war and the same permission was granted to Archbishop Alexander of Volhynia.
125:
110:
109:
107:
104:
128:
122:
106:
126:
119:
112:
111:
105:
127:
118:
117:
135:
2173:
Only the first of these saw transfer to civil administration in
September 1942, with the peninsula remaining under military control for the duration of the war. Its administrator, Frauenfeld, played off the military and civil authorities against each other and gained the freedom to run the territory
2197:
The official German press, in 1941, reported the
Ukrainian urban and rural populations as 19 million each. During the commissariat's existence the Germans only undertook one official census, for January 1, 1943, documenting a population of 16,910,008 people. The 1926 Soviet official census recorded
1386:
and the SS's head of personnel, as
Rosenberg's deputy, a move which in theory would give Rosenberg control over SS forces in the occupied Soviet territories under civil administration in return for his support for the SS in its power struggles. The partnership between Rosenberg and Himmler achieved
2804:
A German colony, the RKU constituted an important part of Adolf Hitler's
Lebensraum and was completely deprived of autonomy or international status. Nazi plans called for the postwar unification of the RKU with the territory of the German Reich; most Ukrainians (considered unfit for Germanization)
2516:
The position of the
Eastern Affairs Ministry was weak because its department chiefs: (Economy, Work, Foods & Crops and Forest & Woods) held similar posts in other government departments (The Four-Year Plan, Eastern Economic Office, Foods and Farming Ministry, etc.) with other supplementary
1626:
The civil and criminal justice local administration, apart from the local SS and
Wehrmacht military justice branches, was staffed by "Parteien Chef", "Bailiffs", "Mayors", with the supervision of German "Schoffen" (Advisers) and "Schlichten" (Arbiters) with ample legal powers. The most important
1354:
for the new eastern occupied territories on 1 April 1942. This move had been bitterly resisted by both Rosenberg, who rightly feared that the transformation of the administration of the eastern territories from a state to a party bureaucracy would spell the effective end of the authority of his
1395:
organisations in their jurisdiction as a counterbalance to the SS. Given that many of the commissariat officials were active or reserve SA officers, the pre-existing grudge against the SS was resurrected by these measures and a poisoning of relations was guaranteed.
3331:
1966:" and "Mayors", accompanied by respective German political advisers if needed. In the most important areas, or where a German Army detachment remained, the local administration was always led by a German; in less significant areas local personnel was in charge.
1363:, which had already been steadily losing ground since late September the previous year, when the commissariat government began establishing itself with local commissars asserting control over the police in their territories, hitherto controlled by the SS.
2559:(July–August 1943) when the Germans would attempt to build a defensive line along the Dnieper only to discover that the necessary manpower had been either recruited to forced labour in Germany or had gone underground to forestall such "recruitment".
3324:
2299:'s foreign divisions. Koch, appropriately nicknamed the "hangman of Ukraine", was contemptuous of Himmler's efforts. In this matter Koch had the support of Hitler, who remained skeptical when not hostile to the idea of recruiting
102:
3317:
1334:(master race) having a right to expand their territory especially in the East were widely spread among the German public and Nazi officials of various ranks. Later on, in 1943, Erich Koch said about his mission: "We are a
4047:
2487:
had the role of "General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment" (Generalbevollmächtigter für den Arbeitseinsatz), charged with recruiting manpower for Germany throughout Europe, though in Ukraine Koch insisted that
1387:
nothing other than the exasperation of each other beyond endurance and Berger soon withdrew all cooperation. Koch and Lohse thereafter gradually reduced communication with Rosenberg, liaising with Hitler through
5336:
2509:" and "Generalverkehrsdirektion Osten" (the railway administration in the eastern territories). These German central government interventions in the affairs of the East Affairs by ministries were known as
2276:
The Wehrmacht came under pressure for political reasons to gradually restore private property in zones under military control and to accept local volunteer recruits into their units and into the
2645:
and Dnipro. The archives of the Soviet census in 1926 counted them as 393,924 persons. The Soviets counted ethnic Germans in all Russia at 1,423,534, or 1% of the total population in 1939.
1359:, who rightly feared that an arbeitsbereich's establishment would be accompanied by the commissars becoming RVKs (commissars for war) and thus enormously empowered at the expense of the
5346:
5331:
5321:
2528:
in German). The karbovanets replaced the Soviet rouble at par and was in circulation between 1942 and 1945. It was pegged to the Reichsmark at a rate of 10 karbovantsiv = 1 Reichsmark.
1900:
5366:
4037:
4495:
4340:
878:
3212:
1230:
and 3 to 4 million non-Jewish Ukrainians were killed during the occupation; other sources estimate that 5.2 million Ukrainian civilians (of all ethnic groups) perished due to
5361:
1714:
1296:
1142:
2753:
893:
4414:
1601:..." ( translat.: The Reich's Commissioners are subordinated under the Reich's minister for the occupied eastern territories and receive only orders from him) was the "
69:
2133:
941:
4926:
4081:
1288:. On the same day, Hitler announced that the region would be under civil administration from noon on 1 September and delineated the boundaries of the region.
1068:
4618:
3064:
2420:
2237:
1535:
5356:
5280:
3208:
4851:
4104:
3065:"Timothy Snyder Quote: 'Erich Koch, chosen by Hitler to rule Ukraine, made the point about the inferiority of Ukrainians with a certain simplici... '"
1219:
986:
868:
5316:
4581:
4116:
3350:
2991:
2726:
and gunfire. Because the German military lacked sufficient material for this operation it wasn't carried out, after which the Nazi planners instead
2585:
Hitler said "Ukraine and the East lands would produce 7 million, or more likely 10 or 12 million tonnes of grain to provide Germany's food needs".
2502:
Ost Branch operated from Kyiv. Other members of the German administration in Ukraine included Generalkommissar Leyser and Gebietkommissar Steudel.
1399:
On 28 July 1944, the Soviet army occupied the last part of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine, known as Brest. RKU was liquidated on 10 November 1944.
55:
5351:
4325:
4249:
3949:
1651:
145:
3287:
4320:
4194:
4024:
2281:
888:
4071:
4061:
3939:
2943:
1338:, which must remember that the lowliest German worker is racially and biologically a thousand times more valuable than the population here."
4159:
1165:. The administration's tasks included the pacification of the region and the exploitation, for German benefit, of its resources and people.
5376:
4269:
1011:
823:
444:
2789:
1654:
became the temporary administrator of church lands in the German-occupied Ukraine and he was granted the title of Archbishop of Lutsk and
3929:
3169:
5306:
5156:
4381:
4204:
3819:
2199:
1300:
1126:
858:
838:
1694:
708:
4741:
1016:
996:
936:
2314:
Sleeve badges of battalions of the so-called «Ukrainian Hilfspolizei» in the German Ordnungspolizei of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine
4076:
3271:
3252:
3216:
2908:
2892:
2872:
2446:
2263:
1561:
908:
4542:
3934:
663:
3959:
2471:, had previously worked as a consul with experience in the Soviet Union. Economic affairs remained under the direct management of
5326:
5311:
4345:
4259:
3373:
1061:
1026:
1021:
783:
4350:
4264:
2668:
encouraged recruitment to the Wehrmacht or service in the civil administration in the territory, amongst other special measures.
923:
653:
4611:
4234:
3964:
3944:
3556:
2464:
1605:" decree for the administration of the new eastern territories, the Reichskommissars reported to the Eastern Affairs Ministry.
4315:
4189:
2887:
Michael Berenbaum (ed.), A Mosaic of Victims: Non-Jews Persecuted and Murdered by the Nazis, New York University Press, 1990;
1598:
Die Reichskommissare unterstehen dem Reichsminister für die besetzen Ostgebiete und erhalten ausschliesslich von ihm Weisungen
1341:
On 14 December 1941, Rosenberg discussed with Hitler various administrative issues regarding the Reichskommissariat Ukraine.
548:
5209:
4419:
4244:
3521:
3087:
2459:
In the civil administration of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories numerous technical staff worked under
2424:
2241:
1859:
1539:
1001:
1326:" (living space) for the fulfilment of the material needs of the Germanic people. Ideological declarations about the German
833:
3969:
5100:
5009:
4355:
4300:
3916:
3804:
3615:
1274:
991:
950:
828:
3924:
2730:
the city's inhabitants. Heinrich Himmler on the other hand considered Kyiv to be "an ancient German city" because of the
1962:" in the General Government). At the same time at a smaller scale, the local Municipalities were administered by native "
5341:
5120:
5064:
4465:
4460:
4450:
4360:
4169:
4164:
4139:
4042:
4032:
3954:
2506:
1314:" state, would remove a threat from Germany's eastern borders and allow for the colonization of the vast territories of
958:
733:
3300:
2064:
Scheduled for incorporation into the Reichskommissariat Ukraine but never transferred to civil administration were the
5240:
5130:
4816:
4424:
4335:
3635:
2121:
1958:). At the level below were German or Ukrainian "Akademiker" ("Academics" – i.e., District Chiefs) (similar to Polish "
1935:(general commissariats) in the pre-Barbarossa planning. This administrative structure was in turn subdivided into 114
1378:
Hoping that by joining forces they might regain some influence, Himmler and Rosenberg decided upon the appointment of
1054:
1006:
963:
511:
4811:
2409:
2226:
1524:
5226:
5125:
4998:
4668:
4604:
4429:
4295:
4154:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3758:
3668:
2175:
818:
325:
4455:
4274:
4179:
3309:
2428:
2413:
2245:
2230:
1543:
1528:
5115:
5079:
4066:
813:
806:
2467:, now chief of the political section in the Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories. Leibbrandt's deputy,
5285:
5177:
5151:
5003:
4936:
4683:
4658:
4653:
4627:
4149:
3486:
3471:
1742:
1242:
1227:
678:
4470:
4786:
4688:
4678:
4673:
4663:
4305:
4254:
4199:
4174:
3882:
3743:
3733:
3698:
2862:
2034:
1839:
1231:
703:
75:
3905:
3887:
3738:
3506:
1794:
1620:
1138:
853:
218:
4086:
3723:
2722:
On 12 August 1941 Hitler ordered the complete destruction of the Ukrainian capital of Kyiv by the use of
5261:
5046:
4988:
4831:
4109:
3728:
3718:
3648:
3620:
2766:
2142:
remained ambiguous. According to the original German plan it was to correspond approximately to the old
1436:
541:
396:
3708:
3703:
1919:
5199:
5074:
5056:
4983:
4946:
4801:
4578:
4537:
4500:
4365:
4010:
3693:
3663:
3643:
3625:
3572:
3546:
3541:
3461:
2022:
1843:
1829:
1818:
1266:
728:
718:
648:
289:
61:
4557:
4209:
5183:
4776:
4771:
4751:
4310:
3837:
3748:
3653:
3576:
3441:
3426:
3416:
2143:
1888:
1866:
1810:
1466:
1383:
933:
793:
696:
598:
593:
1234:, war-related disease, and famine amounting to more than 12% of Ukraine's population at the time.
531:
5247:
5039:
5029:
4894:
4397:
3994:
3877:
3829:
3713:
3658:
3582:
3466:
3406:
2657:
1462:
1150:
903:
883:
753:
588:
520:
231:
203:
161:
5135:
4552:
3842:
2679:
During the occupation a very small number of cities and their accompanying districts maintained
2566:
New Order" in Ukraine, ordering the confiscation of Soviet state properties to establish German
2288:
1411:, and included some territories outside of its modern borders. It extended in the west from the
1911:
5371:
5233:
5171:
4746:
4505:
3531:
3456:
3411:
3267:
3248:
3236:
3223:
3133:
3083:
3050:Музичук С. країнські військові нарукавні емблеми під час Другої світової війни 1939-45 рр. //
2939:
2904:
2888:
2868:
2691:
2685:
2499:
2472:
2468:
2182:
2166:
2120:. In addition, Reichskommissar Koch had wishes of further extending his Reichskommissariat to
2058:
1877:
1832:
1751:
Ernst Ludwig Leyser, Generalkommissar for Generalbezirk Shitomir (October 1942 – October 1943)
1725:
1647:
1311:
1175:
decree defining the administration of the newly-occupied Eastern territories on 17 July 1941.
918:
778:
743:
738:
633:
568:
90:
2822:
Decree of the Fuehrer concerning the administration of the newly-occupied Eastern territories
1769:
Claus Selzner, Generalkommissar for Generalbezirk Dnepropetrowsk (September 1941 – June 1944)
5105:
4993:
4931:
4884:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4841:
4826:
4726:
4573:
3451:
3421:
2731:
2723:
2627:
2545:
2460:
2292:
1989:
1988:) – headed by SA-Brigadeführer Helmut Quitzrau (till February 14, 1942), then SA-Oberführer
1978:
1893:
1874:
1804:
1757:
1719:
1702:
1585:
1444:
1364:
1356:
1292:
1146:
1130:
913:
722:
712:
611:
578:
558:
208:
5254:
5166:
5161:
4889:
4806:
4239:
4229:
3857:
3847:
3476:
3365:
3291:
3173:
2843:
2748:
2680:
2648:
The administration took measures to protect Germans in the area who were entered on their
2594:
2567:
2556:
2476:
1969:
The six general districts were (English names and administrative centres in parentheses):
1927:
The Reichskommissariat's administrative capital was at Rivne, and it was divided into six
1884:
1800:
1733:
1646:
introduced reforms in Ukraine allowing limited religious liberty. In January 1942, Bishop
1613:
1481:
1458:
1285:
1215:
1160:
981:
843:
748:
683:
553:
242:
213:
193:
4836:
3297:
1754:
Helmut Quitzrau, Generalkommissar for Generalbezirk Kiev (September 1941 – February 1942)
2689:(Himmler's field headquarters and the location of a small, experimental German colony),
2341:
1619:
The German administration gave the role of "Chief of Ukrainian Principal Commission" to
5084:
4978:
4910:
4879:
4859:
4781:
4756:
4731:
4279:
4214:
4055:
4051:
3852:
3673:
3241:
2480:
2019:
1448:
1439:
in the east. Conquered territories further to the east, including the rest of Ukraine (
1392:
1388:
1379:
1368:
1315:
1044:
848:
763:
643:
3226:; Toynbee, Veronica; et al. (1954), "Ukraine, under German Occupation, 1941–44",
1218:
of the German state. The Nazi extermination policy in Ukraine, with the help of local
5300:
5204:
5110:
5051:
4951:
4941:
4791:
4721:
4716:
4643:
4219:
3536:
3526:
3496:
3481:
3436:
3304:
2649:
2634:
2552:
2541:
2489:
2484:
2309:
2186:
2101:
1896:
1748:
Kurt Klemm, Generalkommissar for Generalbezirk Shitomir (October 1941 – October 1942)
1671:
1584:
was personally nominated by the Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories,
1581:
1485:
1360:
1223:
1207:
1179:
946:
768:
758:
628:
457:
430:
17:
3154:
Territoriale Veränderungen in Deutschland und deutsch verwalteten Gebieten 1874–1945
2683:
names. These cities were designated as urban strongholds for Volksdeutsche natives.
5069:
4821:
4766:
4184:
3551:
3396:
3341:
3157:
2642:
2533:
2494:
2331:
2321:
2159:
2146:(therefore including also mainland portions of Ukraine), and was to consist of two
1955:
1778:
1683:
1424:
1307:
1270:
1262:
1183:
1166:
1134:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1105:
863:
668:
275:
235:
167:
2520:
2351:
2116:), which would have brought the boundary of the province to the western border of
1367:
and Rosenberg's rearguard resistance soon collapsed in the face of pressure from
1303:
territory from military to civil administration took place on 1 September 1941.
101:
4711:
4490:
3511:
3446:
3125:
2759:
2727:
2715:
2608:
2563:
2398:
2215:
1774:
1592:" for the direction of future administrators of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine.
1513:
1335:
1254:
1247:
1199:
773:
4796:
4761:
4736:
4532:
4330:
3516:
3501:
3401:
2903:
Vadim Erlikman. Poteri narodonaseleniia v XX veke: spravochnik. Moscow, 2004.
2697:
2672:
In Ukraine, the Germans published a local journal in the German language, the
2616:
2612:
2598:
2537:
2117:
2105:
1737:
1698:
1659:
1628:
1345:
1329:
1321:
1281:
1280:
On 20 August, Hitler established the Reichskommissariat Ukraine and appointed
1211:
1187:
1154:
928:
618:
583:
563:
261:
2959:
2817:
2492:
confine himself to setting requirements, leaving the actual "recruitment" of
3598:
3431:
3391:
2702:
2602:
2304:
2296:
2277:
2181:
The district's title was a misnomer, it only included the area north of the
2069:
2055:
2051:
1643:
1420:
1203:
873:
4596:
1602:
5034:
4547:
3491:
2743:
2638:
2551:
The Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories ordered Koch and
2155:
2093:
2007:
1996:
1974:
1963:
1663:
1412:
1391:
and the party chancellery. Both also made a point of establishing strong
1191:
788:
673:
2665:
the creation of special German resident zones in Dnipro and other areas
2623:
2575:
2571:
2113:
2085:
2077:
2047:
2011:
1959:
1766:
Heinrich Schoene, Generalkommissar for Generalbezirk Wolhynien-Podolien
1667:
1477:
1473:
1432:
1408:
1310:
and other German expansionists, the destruction of the USSR, dubbed a "
658:
638:
623:
573:
495:
485:
3102:
Wendy Lower, Nazi Empire-Building and the Holocaust in Ukraine, p. 161
2532:
The Reichskommissariat Ukraine paid Occupation taxes and funds to the
3979:
2579:
2043:
2029:
1679:
1636:
1497:
1452:
1440:
1407:
The Reichskommissariat Ukraine excluded several parts of present-day
1372:
490:
1981:
Kurt Klemm, then by SS-Brigadeführer Ernst Ludwig Leyser (from 1942)
1946:
Each "Generalbezirk" was administered by a "Generalkommissar"; each
1789:
Military commanders linked with the German administration of Ukraine
1258:
Nazi propaganda poster in Ukrainian that says "Hitler the Liberator"
27:
Civilian-administered region of German-occupied Ukraine during WWII
4144:
2519:
2300:
2015:
1918:
1910:
1852:
1822:
1693:
1675:
1655:
1632:
1609:
1493:
1489:
1416:
1299:, it became a separate German civil entity. The first transfer of
1253:
1241:
1102:
182:
1690:
Political figures related to the German administration of Ukraine
4224:
2000:
1985:
1760:, Generalkommissar for Generalbezirk Kiev (February 1942 – 1944)
1706:
1428:
177:
4600:
3313:
3080:
The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany
2607:
According to the Nazis, both Jewish and Slavic Ukrainians were
1954:"party" was governed by a Ukrainian or German "Parteien Chef" (
2392:
2209:
1507:
1195:
3243:
Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine Under Nazi Rule
2988:
Harvest of despair: life and death in Ukraine under Nazi rule
1763:
Ewald Oppermann, Generalkommissar for Generalbezirk Nikolajev
2280:, as promoted by local Ukrainian nationalist organizations,
1627:
cases or situations which affected "natural rights" of any "
3288:
Officials of the Ostministerium and the Reichskommissariats
3156:. 23 February 2010. (In German). Retrieved 10 August 2010.
1496:. This was done by the Germans in order to secure a steady
1950:"circular area" was led by a "Gebietskommissar" and each
1214:
minorities. It was a key subject of Nazi planning for the
3132:, pp. 162–181. University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
2611:
and therefore only fit for enslavement or extermination.
2284:, whilst receiving political support from the Wehrmacht.
1465:
following a Hitler decree, becoming its fifth district, (
5337:
Military history of the Soviet Union during World War II
2536:
until February 1944 in the amount of 1.246 billion
2964:
About Discussions with the Fuehrer on 14 December 1941
2784:
2782:
2662:
permission to return to visit parents in the motherland
2622:
The regime was planning to encourage the settlement of
2540:(equivalent to €5 billion 2021) and 107.9 million
2303:
in general and Soviet nationals in particular into the
2154:
Taurien (the mainland sections, including parts of the
1472:
It also encompassed several southern parts of today's
1250:
of Ukraine during Operation Barbarossa on 22 June 1941
3264:
Hitler's War Aims: The Establishment of the New Order
3217:
Bibliography of Ukrainian history § World War II
879:
Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina
3213:
Bibliography of the Soviet Union during World War II
2570:
properties. Additionally the replacement of Russian
1590:
Instruktion für einen Reichskommissar in der Ukraine
5218:
5192:
5144:
5093:
5022:
4971:
4964:
4919:
4903:
4850:
4704:
4697:
4566:
4525:
4518:
4483:
4443:
4407:
4394:
4374:
4288:
4132:
4125:
4097:
4023:
4003:
3987:
3978:
3915:
3904:
3870:
3828:
3812:
3803:
3757:
3686:
3634:
3608:
3595:
3565:
3384:
3362:
3349:
3230:, London: Oxford University Press, pp. 316–337
2656:the return of their land and property prior to the
1715:
Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories
1297:
Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories
1143:
Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories
1121:. It was the civilian occupation regime of much of
478:
392:
378:
369:
359:
354:
337:
320:
310:
300:
285:
271:
255:
241:
227:
189:
173:
155:
34:
3240:
2966:. The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. 1996–2007
2824:. The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. 1996–2007
2754:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia
3130:Nazi empire-building and the Holocaust in Ukraine
2505:The Ministry of Transport had direct control of "
1745:, Generalkommissar for Generalbezirk Krim-Taurien
1608:The capital of this German administration was in
1500:and efficient railroad and water transportation.
1484:with forests and marshes, as well as the city of
1455:), were under military governance until 1943–44.
5347:Military history of Ukraine during World War II
5332:Military history of Germany during World War II
5322:German occupation of Poland during World War II
2134:German occupation of Crimea during World War II
1246:German soldiers crossing the Soviet border in
1226:and other Nazi mass killings: it is estimated
1222:, ended the lives of millions of civilians in
1149:. Between September 1941 and August 1944, the
5367:States and territories disestablished in 1944
4612:
3325:
1842:(October 1941 – 1944; from October 1943 also
1427:river in the south, to the areas surrounding
1062:
8:
4395:
3596:
3371:
3363:
3028:
3026:
2867:. University of Toronto Press. p. 633.
1596:
1575:
1349:
1327:
1319:
1170:
1158:
323:
159:
36:
3192:
3190:
2427:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2244:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1542:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1092:
5362:States and territories established in 1941
5281:History of the Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia
4968:
4701:
4619:
4605:
4597:
4522:
4404:
4129:
3984:
3912:
3825:
3809:
3754:
3631:
3605:
3381:
3359:
3332:
3318:
3310:
3209:Bibliography of Poland during World War II
3005:Deutschen Herrschaft in Russland 1941–1945
2652:racial list. They received special rights
2465:foreign political office in the Nazi Party
2463:, former chief of the east section of the
2039:('party commander in chief') Claus Selzner
1178:Before the German invasion, Ukraine was a
1069:
1055:
505:
144:
31:
2544:, in accord with information composed by
2447:Learn how and when to remove this message
2264:Learn how and when to remove this message
1851:Höherer SS- und Polizeiführer Black Sea (
1562:Learn how and when to remove this message
365:340,000 km (130,000 sq mi)
3266:, New York: W. W. Norton & Company,
3112:
3110:
3108:
2992:President and Fellows of Harvard College
2138:The administrative position of the Krim
1355:ministry (which was a state organ), and
1273:on 22 June 1941 in breach of the mutual
1129:(it also included adjacent areas of the
5210:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
2778:
1652:Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church
519:
508:
368:
358:
353:
2734:that it had acquired centuries prior.
2524:Banknotes denominated in karbovanets (
1461:was transferred to the control of the
889:Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
312:• Implement civil administration
4927:Ukrainian Righteous Among the Nations
3018:Germany and the Second World War V/II
3016:Kroener, Müller & Umbreit (2003)
2982:
2980:
2938:. William Shirer. 2011. p. 939.
2633:The German civil administration met "
377:
373:
336:
319:
309:
299:
284:
280:
254:
250:
240:
7:
2936:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
2425:adding citations to reliable sources
2242:adding citations to reliable sources
1540:adding citations to reliable sources
445:Ukrainian national government (1941)
5157:Ivanhorod Einsatzgruppen photograph
3247:, Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press,
1480:, a large area to the north of the
1344:Hitler decreed the creation of the
2548:, the Reich Minister of Finances.
2003:-Obergruppenführer Ewald Oppermann
1923:General District of Crimea in 1942
1915:Administrative map, September 1942
1813:Karl Kitzinger (from October 1942)
150:Reichskommissariat Ukraine in 1942
25:
5357:1944 disestablishments in Ukraine
3767:Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe
3078:Shirer, William Lawrence (1990).
2562:Alfred Rosenberg implemented an "
909:Post-Soviet transition in Ukraine
4255:Serbia (Commissioner Government)
3294: (archived October 29, 2009)
3172:. Territorial.de. Archived from
2960:"Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression"
2844:"Civil Wars in the Soviet Union"
2818:"Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression"
2397:
2350:
2340:
2330:
2320:
2214:
2066:Generalkommissariate Tschernigow
1783:SS Sonderkommando Dr Karl Stumpp
1512:
1038:
839:West Ukrainian People's Republic
784:Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
530:
462:
437:
423:
99:
68:
54:
5317:Nazi colonies in Eastern Europe
4235:Norway (Administrative Council)
3170:"Generalbezirk Dnjepropetrowsk"
2695:(also a Volksdeutsche colony),
5352:1941 establishments in Ukraine
1860:Ludolf-Hermann von Alvensleben
1844:Höchster SS- und Polizeiführer
1351:Arbeitsbereich Osten der NSDAP
709:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
664:Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'
1:
5101:Bogdanovka concentration camp
4260:Serbia (Council of Ministers)
3054:, 2004. — ч. 33. — с. 9 – 11.
2861:Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996).
2794:www.encyclopediaofukraine.com
1869:(December 1943 – August 1944)
1819:Höherer SS- und Polizeiführer
1678:(Bishop Sylvester Hayevsky),
1658:. He also had authority over
1588:. His ministry produced the "
829:Ukrainian War of Independence
5121:Vapniarka concentration camp
4033:Army Group Rear Area Command
3340:Administrative divisions in
3007:, p. 67 (in German). Droste.
2790:"Reichskommissariat Ukraine"
2498:to Koch and his brutes. The
2291:and chief of German Police,
1931:(general districts), called
1666:(Bishop Hryhorij Ohijchuk),
1623:, an early local supporter.
824:Ukraine after the Revolution
5377:German military occupations
5241:She Paid the Ultimate Price
5131:Janowska concentration camp
4649:Related articles by country
4415:Belgium and Northern France
4038:Belgium and Northern France
2986:Berkhoff, Karel C. (2004).
2619:genealogy than Leningrad."
2513:(special administrations).
1228:900,000 to 1.6 million Jews
964:Russian invasion of Ukraine
924:Russia–Ukraine gas disputes
834:Ukrainian People's Republic
549:Trypillian–Cucuteni culture
326:Generalbezirk Weißruthenien
5393:
5307:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
5227:Luboml: My Heart Remembers
5126:Pechora concentration camp
5010:Ukrainian People's Militia
4999:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
3917:Civil Administration Areas
3522:Southern Hanover–Brunswick
3206:
3003:Dallin, Alexander (1958).
2592:
2176:Reichskommissariat Ostland
2131:
1631:" subject were managed in
1141:). It was governed by the
1084:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
899:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
869:Communist Party of Ukraine
819:Ukraine during World War I
38:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
5271:
5116:Syrets concentration camp
5080:Pripyat Marshes massacres
4634:
3787:North Brabant and Limburg
3782:South Holland and Zeeland
3777:North Holland and Utrecht
3772:Gelderland and Overijssel
2922:Führer-Erlasse" 1939–1945
2842:Alfred J. Rieber (2003).
2312:
814:Modern history of Ukraine
402:
388:
374:
350:
322:• Remainder part of
281:
267:
251:
143:
96:("The Horst Wessel Song")
84:
50:
45:
5286:Transnistria Governorate
5178:The Last Jew in Vinnitsa
5004:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
4937:Hermann Friedrich Graebe
4812:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
4628:The Holocaust in Ukraine
4025:Military administrations
3557:Württemberg-Hohenzollern
2849:. pp. 133, 145–147.
2006:Wolhynien und Podolien (
1992:(from February 14, 1942)
1907:Administrative divisions
1743:Alfred Eduard Frauenfeld
1275:Treaty of Non-Aggression
679:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
674:Principality of Moldavia
5327:Belarus in World War II
5312:Ukraine in World War II
2674:Deutsche Ukrainezeitung
2282:the OUN-B and the OUN-M
1939:, and further into 443
1862:(October–December 1943)
1232:crimes against humanity
1220:Ukrainian collaborators
884:Ukraine in World War II
341:Formal disestablishment
4396:
4126:Puppet administrations
3930:Carinthia and Carniola
3597:
3372:
3364:
3344:and German occupations
3298:Map of Occupied Europe
3196:Berkhoff, pp. 164–165.
2637:" (ethnic Germans) in
2529:
2483:). From 21 March 1942
1924:
1916:
1795:Wehrmachtsbefehlshaber
1709:
1621:Wolodomyr Kubijowytsch
1597:
1576:
1423:to Mykolaiv along the
1382:, Himmler's political
1350:
1328:
1320:
1291:Originally subject to
1259:
1251:
1171:
1159:
1139:Second Polish Republic
854:Directorate of Ukraine
324:
160:
37:
5262:Word of the Righteous
5047:Bila Tserkva massacre
4989:Police Regiment South
4832:Hans Graf von Sponeck
3577:Reichsfestung Belgrad
3262:Rich, Norman (1974),
2767:Word of the Righteous
2732:Magdeburg city rights
2593:Further information:
2523:
2389:Economic exploitation
1922:
1914:
1865:SS-Obergruppenführer
1838:SS-Obergruppenführer
1697:
1580:'Secretary of State'
1318:under the banner of "
1257:
1245:
1113:) was established by
190:Common languages
18:Nazi-occupied Ukraine
5200:Einsatzgruppen trial
4984:Nachtigall Battalion
4947:Klymentiy Sheptytsky
4802:Walter von Reichenau
4787:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
4579:Strength Through Joy
4538:Weather Station Kurt
4240:Norway (Quisling II)
3487:Munich–Upper Bavaria
3472:March of Brandenburg
3041:Berkhoff, pp. 36-37.
2864:A History of Ukraine
2719:were some of these.
2421:improve this section
2238:improve this section
1933:Generalkommissariate
1840:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
1807:(until October 1942)
1536:improve this section
1267:Operation Barbarossa
1180:constituent republic
1153:was administered by
729:Khmelnytsky Uprising
697:Early modern history
649:Principality of Kiev
290:Operation Barbarossa
5342:Holocaust locations
5184:Deutsche Volksliste
5065:Kamianets-Podilskyi
4777:Hans von Obstfelder
4772:Gustav Adolf Nosske
4752:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
4398:Reichskommissariats
4230:Norway (Quisling I)
4160:Chechnya-Ingushetia
3820:Bohemia and Moravia
3805:Partial annexations
3616:Danzig–West Prussia
3143:Lower 2005, p. 197.
2851:Slavica Publishers.
2200:occupied by Romania
2144:Taurida Governorate
1901:SS Division Galicia
1899:, commander of the
1889:SS Division Galicia
1887:, commander of the
1867:Richard Hildebrandt
1835:(June–October 1941)
1811:General der Flieger
1488:, and the towns of
1467:District of Galicia
1453:Donbas/Donets Basin
934:Russo-Ukrainian War
794:Carpathian Ruthenia
594:Chernyakhov culture
302:• Established
5248:The Lemberg Mosaic
4895:Petro Zakhvalynsky
4792:Paul Otto Radomski
3830:General Government
3507:Schleswig-Holstein
3237:Berkhoff, Karel C.
2538:ℛ︁ℳ︁
2530:
2511:Sonderverwaltungen
1979:Regierungpräsident
1925:
1917:
1781:and leader of the
1728:, Eastern Ministry
1722:, Eastern Ministry
1713:Alfred Rosenberg,
1710:
1463:General Government
1260:
1252:
1216:post-war expansion
1151:Reichskommissariat
1045:Ukraine portal
987:Historical regions
589:Zarubintsy culture
232:Reichskommissariat
162:Reichskommissariat
5294:
5293:
5234:No Place on Earth
5172:Sonderaktion 1005
5058:Durchgangsstrasse
5018:
5017:
4960:
4959:
4747:Friedrich Jeckeln
4594:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4514:
4513:
4484:Other occupations
4479:
4478:
4390:
4389:
4105:Adriatic Littoral
4098:Operational Zones
4019:
4018:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3866:
3865:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3682:
3681:
3591:
3590:
3082:. Fawcett Crest.
2945:978-1-4516-5168-3
2728:decided to starve
2658:Soviet Revolution
2589:German intentions
2500:Todt Organization
2457:
2456:
2449:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2183:Crimean peninsula
2167:Crimean peninsula
2150:(sub-districts):
2059:Alfred Frauenfeld
2028:Dnjepropetrowsk (
2023:Obergruppenführer
1883:SS-Gruppenführer
1878:Adolf von Bomhard
1858:SS-Gruppenführer
1846:(HöSSPF) Ukraine)
1833:Friedrich Jeckeln
1830:Obergruppenführer
1821:Southern Russia (
1648:Polikarp Sikorsky
1572:
1571:
1564:
1419:, to a line from
1079:
1078:
976:Topics by history
959:COVID-19 pandemic
919:Orange Revolution
894:Volhynia genocide
779:Habsburg monarchy
739:Cossack Hetmanate
504:
503:
474:
473:
470:
469:
450:
449:
257:• 1941–1944
136:
91:Horst-Wessel-Lied
16:(Redirected from
5384:
5277:
5152:Graebe affidavit
5106:Drohobycz Ghetto
4994:Schutzmannschaft
4969:
4932:Aleksei Glagolev
4885:Hryhoriy Vasiura
4875:Vladimir Katriuk
4870:Anatoliy Kabayda
4865:Feodor Fedorenko
4842:Dieter Wisliceny
4827:Heinrich Seetzen
4742:Günther Herrmann
4727:Hermann Fegelein
4702:
4650:
4640:
4621:
4614:
4607:
4598:
4523:
4405:
4401:
4130:
4117:Alpine Foothills
3985:
3935:Gebiet Bialystok
3913:
3826:
3810:
3755:
3669:Tyrol–Vorarlberg
3632:
3606:
3602:
3547:Westphalia-South
3542:Westphalia-North
3462:Magdeburg-Anhalt
3382:
3377:
3369:
3360:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3311:
3276:
3257:
3246:
3231:
3197:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3165:
3159:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3135:
3123:
3117:
3114:
3103:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3061:
3055:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3033:
3032:Berkhoff, p. 39.
3030:
3021:
3014:
3008:
3001:
2995:
2984:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2918:
2912:
2901:
2895:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2786:
2724:incendiary bombs
2546:Lutz von Krosigk
2461:Georg Leibbrandt
2452:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2401:
2393:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2354:
2344:
2334:
2324:
2310:
2293:Heinrich Himmler
2269:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2218:
2210:
2035:Oberbefehlshaber
2025:Heinrich Schoene
1990:Waldemar Magunia
1894:SS-Brigadeführer
1880:, head of police
1875:SS-Gruppenführer
1855:Schwarzes Meer)
1805:Waldemar Henrici
1758:Waldemar Magunia
1720:Georg Leibbrandt
1703:Alfred Rosenberg
1600:
1586:Alfred Rosenberg
1579:
1567:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1516:
1508:
1357:Heinrich Himmler
1353:
1333:
1325:
1312:Judeo-Bolshevist
1301:Soviet Ukrainian
1293:Alfred Rosenberg
1174:
1164:
1147:Alfred Rosenberg
1131:Byelorussian SSR
1112:
1109:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1007:Economic history
914:Cassette Scandal
719:Zaporozhian Host
713:Kiev Voivodeship
619:Early East Slavs
579:Bosporan Kingdom
559:Catacomb culture
534:
524:
506:
466:
465:
454:
453:
441:
440:
427:
426:
420:
419:
404:
403:
346:10 November 1944
342:
333:25 February 1944
329:
316:1 September 1941
292:
198:
165:
148:
138:
137:
72:
58:
40:
32:
21:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5297:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5275:
5267:
5255:The White Hotel
5214:
5188:
5167:Generalplan Ost
5162:Katzmann Report
5140:
5136:Priest's Grotto
5089:
5075:Odessa massacre
5014:
4956:
4915:
4899:
4890:Petro Voinovsky
4846:
4807:Walter Schimana
4693:
4648:
4638:
4630:
4625:
4595:
4586:
4582:holiday resorts
4562:
4510:
4475:
4439:
4386:
4370:
4284:
4121:
4093:
4015:
3999:
3974:
3907:
3892:
3862:
3824:
3791:
3753:
3678:
3630:
3587:
3561:
3442:Halle-Merseburg
3427:Electoral Hesse
3417:Eastern Hanover
3354:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3292:Wayback Machine
3284:
3274:
3261:
3255:
3235:
3228:Hitler's Europe
3224:Toynbee, Arnold
3222:
3219:
3205:
3203:Further reading
3200:
3195:
3188:
3179:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3124:
3120:
3115:
3106:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3049:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3024:
3015:
3011:
3002:
2998:
2985:
2978:
2969:
2967:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2946:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2902:
2898:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2827:
2825:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2798:
2796:
2788:
2787:
2780:
2776:
2749:The Death Match
2740:
2605:
2595:Generalplan Ost
2591:
2557:Battle of Kursk
2477:Plenipotentiary
2453:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2418:
2402:
2391:
2381:Officers' badge
2374:115th and 118th
2289:Reichsführer-SS
2270:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2235:
2219:
2208:
2195:
2136:
2130:
1909:
1885:Walter Schimana
1801:Generalleutnant
1791:
1734:Reichskommissar
1692:
1614:Western Ukraine
1568:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1533:
1517:
1506:
1459:Eastern Galicia
1405:
1306:In the mind of
1286:Reichskommissar
1240:
1186:, inhabited by
1161:Reichskommissar
1117:in 1941 during
1110:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1075:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1031:
982:Name of Ukraine
977:
969:
968:
844:Ukrainian State
809:
799:
798:
749:Sloboda Ukraine
699:
689:
688:
684:Crimean Khanate
654:Kingdom of Rus'
614:
604:
603:
554:Yamnaya culture
544:
522:
515:
500:
463:
438:
424:
381:
362:
343:
340:
330:
313:
303:
293:
288:
258:
243:Reichskommissar
223:
199:
196:
181:
151:
139:
100:
97:
95:
80:
79:
78:
73:
65:
64:
59:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5390:
5388:
5380:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
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5139:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5085:Sarny massacre
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5032:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4979:Einsatzgruppen
4975:
4973:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4911:Tatiana Markus
4907:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4880:Vasyl Meleshko
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4860:John Demjanjuk
4856:
4854:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4817:Heinz Schubert
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4782:Otto Ohlendorf
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4757:Fritz Katzmann
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4732:Lothar Fendler
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4699:
4695:
4694:
4692:
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4358:
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4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4280:Zuyev Republic
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4170:Czechoslovakia
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4114:
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4029:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4007:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3991:
3989:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3921:
3919:
3910:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3890:
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3874:
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3864:
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3807:
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3544:
3539:
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3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3467:Main Franconia
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3407:Cologne–Aachen
3404:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3379:
3357:
3351:Administrative
3347:
3346:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3303:2012-12-05 at
3295:
3283:
3282:External links
3280:
3279:
3278:
3272:
3259:
3253:
3233:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3186:
3160:
3145:
3136:
3118:
3116:Lower, p. 267.
3104:
3095:
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3070:
3056:
3043:
3034:
3022:
3009:
2996:
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2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2739:
2736:
2707:Alexanderstadt
2701:(a Low German
2670:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2590:
2587:
2481:Four Year Plan
2473:Hermann Göring
2469:Otto Bräutigam
2455:
2454:
2405:
2403:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2369:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2348:
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2328:
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2317:
2316:
2272:
2271:
2222:
2220:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2194:
2191:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2132:Main article:
2129:
2126:
2062:
2061:
2054:) – headed by
2042:Krym-Taurien (
2040:
2032:) – headed by
2030:Dnepropetrovsk
2026:
2018:) – headed by
2004:
1999:) – headed by
1993:
1982:
1977:) – headed by
1929:Generalbezirke
1908:
1905:
1904:
1903:
1891:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1836:
1825:Russland-Süd)
1816:
1815:
1814:
1808:
1797:Ukraine (WBU)
1790:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1726:Otto Bräutigam
1723:
1691:
1688:
1577:Staatssekretär
1570:
1569:
1520:
1518:
1511:
1505:
1504:Administration
1502:
1415:region around
1404:
1401:
1380:Gottlob Berger
1369:Martin Bormann
1316:Eastern Europe
1239:
1236:
1137:, and pre-war
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1012:Rail transport
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
978:
975:
974:
971:
970:
967:
966:
961:
956:
955:
954:
944:
942:Crimean crisis
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
849:Makhnovshchina
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
810:
807:Modern history
805:
804:
801:
800:
797:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
764:Russian Empire
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
716:
706:
700:
695:
694:
691:
690:
687:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
634:Rus' Khaganate
631:
626:
621:
615:
610:
609:
606:
605:
602:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
545:
540:
539:
536:
535:
527:
526:
517:
516:
509:
502:
501:
499:
498:
493:
488:
482:
480:
476:
475:
472:
471:
468:
467:
460:
451:
448:
447:
442:
434:
433:
428:
416:
415:
410:
400:
399:
394:
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
379:
376:
375:
372:
371:
367:
366:
363:
360:
357:
356:
352:
351:
348:
347:
344:
338:
335:
334:
331:
321:
318:
317:
314:
311:
308:
307:
306:20 August 1941
304:
301:
298:
297:
294:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
273:
272:Historical era
269:
268:
265:
264:
259:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
245:
239:
238:
229:
225:
224:
222:
221:
216:
211:
206:
200:
191:
187:
186:
175:
171:
170:
157:
153:
152:
149:
141:
140:
98:
82:
81:
74:
67:
66:
60:
53:
52:
51:
48:
47:
43:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5389:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5245:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5223:
5221:
5217:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5205:Kharkov Trial
5203:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5191:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5111:Mizocz Ghetto
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5096:
5092:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5053:
5052:Drobytsky Yar
5050:
5048:
5045:
5041:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4967:
4965:Organizations
4963:
4953:
4952:Yurii Sokolov
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4942:Omelyan Kovch
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4852:Collaborators
4849:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4722:Kurt Eberhard
4720:
4718:
4717:Werner Braune
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4703:
4700:
4696:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4647:
4645:
4644:The Holocaust
4642:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4629:
4622:
4617:
4615:
4610:
4608:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4393:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4341:Russia (KONR)
4339:
4337:
4336:Russia (ODNR)
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4128:
4124:
4118:
4115:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4096:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4056:zone réservée
4053:
4052:Atlantic Wall
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3903:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3878:Burgundy (SS)
3876:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
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3532:Upper Silesia
3530:
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3457:Lower Silesia
3455:
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3306:
3305:archive.today
3302:
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3289:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3273:0-393-05509-4
3269:
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3254:0-674-01313-1
3250:
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3220:
3218:
3214:
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3202:
3193:
3191:
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3176:on 2017-12-04
3175:
3171:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3152:Jehke, Rolf:
3149:
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2705:settlement),
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2664:
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2640:
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2635:Volksdeutsche
2631:
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2620:
2618:
2614:
2610:
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2600:
2596:
2588:
2586:
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2558:
2554:
2553:Hinrich Lohse
2549:
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2535:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2485:Fritz Sauckel
2482:
2479:of Germany's
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2451:
2448:
2440:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2406:This section
2404:
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2257:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2223:This section
2221:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2187:Dnieper river
2184:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2140:Generalbezirk
2135:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2102:Rostov-on-Don
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1921:
1913:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:Fritz Freitag
1895:
1892:
1890:
1886:
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1672:Kropyvnytskyi
1669:
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1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:Herbert Backe
1578:
1566:
1563:
1555:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1521:This section
1519:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:Brest-Litovsk
1483:
1482:Pripyat river
1479:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
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1450:
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1348:organization
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1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:The Holocaust
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
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1176:
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948:
947:War in Donbas
945:
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927:
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892:
890:
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880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
859:Ukrainian SSR
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
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808:
803:
802:
795:
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772:
770:
769:Little Russia
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
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735:
732:
730:
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650:
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645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
629:White Croatia
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:Early history
608:
607:
600:
599:Hunnic Empire
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
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533:
529:
528:
525:
518:
513:
507:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
481:
479:Today part of
477:
461:
459:
458:Ukrainian SSR
456:
455:
452:
446:
443:
436:
435:
432:
431:Ukrainian SSR
429:
422:
421:
418:
417:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
401:
398:
395:
391:
387:
383:
364:
349:
345:
332:
328:
327:
315:
305:
295:
291:
277:
274:
270:
266:
263:
260:
246:
244:
237:
233:
230:
226:
220:
219:Crimean Tatar
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
195:
192:
188:
184:
179:
176:
172:
169:
164:
163:
158:
154:
147:
142:
93:
92:
87:
83:
77:
71:
63:
57:
49:
44:
39:
33:
30:
19:
5260:
5253:
5246:
5239:
5232:
5225:
5219:Books, films
5176:
5070:Lviv pogroms
5057:
4972:Perpetrators
4837:Otto Wächter
4822:Erwin Schulz
4767:Felix Landau
4705:Perpetrators
4639:Main article
4543:Schatzgräber
4434:
3965:West Prussia
3945:Lower Styria
3883:Holland (SS)
3654:Upper Danube
3649:Lower Danube
3452:Hesse-Nassau
3422:East Prussia
3392:Baden-Alsace
3355:Nazi Germany
3353:divisions of
3342:Nazi Germany
3263:
3242:
3227:
3178:. Retrieved
3174:the original
3168:Rolf Jehke.
3163:
3153:
3148:
3139:
3129:
3126:Lower, Wendy
3121:
3098:
3079:
3073:
3059:
3051:
3046:
3037:
3017:
3012:
3004:
2999:
2987:
2968:. Retrieved
2963:
2954:
2935:
2930:
2921:
2916:
2911:. pp. 21–35.
2899:
2883:
2863:
2856:
2837:
2826:. Retrieved
2821:
2812:
2803:
2797:. Retrieved
2793:
2765:
2758:
2721:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2692:Försterstadt
2690:
2684:
2678:
2673:
2671:
2650:Volksdeutsch
2647:
2643:Zaporizhzhia
2632:
2621:
2606:
2584:
2561:
2550:
2534:German Reich
2531:
2525:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2495:Ost-Arbeiter
2493:
2458:
2443:
2434:
2419:Please help
2407:
2313:
2286:
2275:
2260:
2251:
2236:Please help
2224:
2196:
2193:Demographics
2180:
2172:
2160:Zaporizhzhia
2147:
2139:
2137:
2128:Krym-Taurien
2109:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2033:
1968:
1951:
1948:Kreisgebiete
1947:
1945:
1940:
1937:Kreisgebiete
1936:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1782:
1779:ethnographer
1705:(center) in
1701:(right) and
1684:Bila Tserkva
1641:
1625:
1618:
1607:
1594:
1589:
1573:
1558:
1549:
1534:Please help
1522:
1476:, including
1471:
1457:
1437:Zaporizhzhia
1425:Southern Bug
1406:
1398:
1377:
1343:
1340:
1308:Adolf Hitler
1305:
1290:
1279:
1271:Soviet Union
1269:against the
1263:Nazi Germany
1261:
1184:Soviet Union
1177:
1167:Adolf Hitler
1135:Russian SFSR
1119:World War II
1115:Nazi Germany
1106:Commissariat
1088:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1017:Shipbuilding
997:Christianity
898:
864:Soviet Union
669:Golden Horde
413:Succeeded by
412:
407:
380:• 1941
361:• Total
296:22 June 1941
276:World War II
236:Nazi Germany
168:Nazi Germany
89:
85:
29:
4712:Paul Blobel
4420:Netherlands
4220:Netherlands
3960:Sudetenland
3908:occupations
3744:Vistulaland
3621:Sudetenland
3573:Prinz-Eugen
3477:Mecklenburg
2760:Ostarbeiter
2716:Friesendorf
2626:and other "
2609:untermensch
2287:The German
2162:provinces.)
2148:Teilbezirke
2122:Ciscaucasia
1995:Nikolajew (
1956:Party Chief
1775:Karl Stumpp
1498:wood supply
1384:hatchet man
1336:master race
1248:Lviv Oblast
1123:Nazi German
644:Kievan Rus'
521:History of
408:Preceded by
397:Karbovanets
5301:Categories
4797:Otto Rasch
4762:Erich Koch
4737:Hans Frank
4553:Bassgeiger
4533:New Swabia
4501:San Marino
4326:Montenegro
4250:Montenegro
4072:Luxembourg
3950:Luxembourg
3734:Vandalland
3699:Beskidland
3626:Wartheland
3599:Reichsgaus
3412:Düsseldorf
3207:See also:
3180:2014-06-03
3089:0449219771
2970:2007-10-04
2828:2007-10-04
2799:2020-03-03
2774:References
2613:Erich Koch
2599:Lebensraum
2526:Karbowanez
2185:up to the
2165:Krym (the
2118:Kazakhstan
2106:Stalingrad
1973:Shitomir (
1738:Erich Koch
1699:Erich Koch
1660:Bishoprics
1451:, and the
1346:Nazi Party
1330:Herrenvolk
1322:Lebensraum
1282:Erich Koch
1212:Roma/Gypsy
1200:Belarusian
1188:Ukrainians
1155:Erich Koch
1145:headed by
1125:-occupied
1108:of Ukraine
1027:Television
1022:Technology
929:Euromaidan
774:New Russia
754:Right bank
542:Prehistory
384:37,000,000
370:Population
262:Erich Koch
228:Government
197:(official)
185:(de facto)
5040:memorials
5030:Artemivsk
4669:Lithuania
4574:Nordstern
4558:Edelweiss
4466:Turkestan
4456:Don-Volga
4356:Turkestan
4306:Cossackia
4245:Macedonia
4205:Lithuania
4110:Ljubljana
3995:Bialystok
3980:Districts
3644:Carinthia
3537:Weser-Ems
3527:Thuringia
3497:Pomerania
3482:Moselland
3437:Franconia
2990:, p. 37.
2703:Mennonite
2698:Halbstadt
2603:Wehrbauer
2576:Sovkhozes
2572:Kolkhozes
2437:June 2022
2408:does not
2305:Wehrmacht
2297:Waffen-SS
2278:Waffen-SS
2254:June 2022
2225:does not
2156:Nikolayev
2070:Chernigov
2056:Gauleiter
2052:Melitopol
2037:der NSDAP
1997:Nikolayev
1736:Ukraine,
1662:at Kyiv,
1644:Wehrmacht
1552:June 2022
1523:does not
1445:Chernihiv
1421:Vinnytsia
1403:Geography
1265:launched
1169:issued a
937:(outline)
904:Chernobyl
874:Holodomor
744:Left bank
624:Onoghuria
204:Ukrainian
180:(de jure)
46:1941–1944
5372:Babi Yar
5276:See also
5145:Evidence
5035:Babi Yar
4920:Rescuers
4567:Proposed
4548:Holzauge
4451:Caucasia
4444:Proposed
4382:Brittany
4375:Proposed
4366:Wallonia
4351:Slovakia
4301:Bulgaria
4275:Wallonia
4265:Slovakia
4180:Flanders
4062:Slovakia
4011:Brussels
4004:Proposed
3970:Zichenau
3940:Lorraine
3888:Lombardy
3871:Proposed
3759:Westland
3749:Wallonia
3729:Nordmark
3724:Gothland
3714:Flanders
3709:Burgundy
3687:Proposed
3659:Salzburg
3566:Proposed
3552:Westmark
3492:NSDAP/AO
3397:Bayreuth
3374:Altreich
3301:Archived
3239:(2004),
2744:Babi Yar
2738:See also
2686:Hegewald
2639:Mykolaiv
2628:Germanic
2564:Agrarian
2507:Ostbahns
2206:Security
2094:Voronezh
2090:Woronezh
2008:Volhynia
1975:Zhytomyr
1964:Bailiffs
1941:Parteien
1664:Zhytomyr
1413:Volhynia
1204:Romanian
1192:Russians
951:timeline
789:Bukovina
734:The Ruin
704:Cossacks
584:Sarmatia
564:Cimmeria
512:a series
510:Part of
393:Currency
4904:Victims
4684:Romania
4659:Estonia
4654:Belarus
4526:Founded
4506:Tunisia
4491:Finland
4461:Muscovy
4435:Ukraine
4430:Ostland
4408:Founded
4361:Ukraine
4331:Romania
4321:Hungary
4296:Belarus
4270:Ukraine
4195:Hungary
4175:Denmark
4165:Croatia
4155:Belarus
4150:Austria
4140:Albania
4133:Founded
4043:Croatia
3988:Founded
3838:Galicia
3813:Founded
3719:Galicia
3704:Brabant
3636:Austria
3609:Founded
3583:Holland
3512:Silesia
3447:Hamburg
3385:Founded
3290:at the
3020:, p. 50
2490:Sauckel
2429:removed
2414:sources
2246:removed
2231:sources
2114:Saratov
2110:Saratow
2086:Donetsk
2082:Stalino
2078:Kharkov
2074:Charkow
2048:Taurida
2012:Podolia
1668:Poltava
1650:of the
1544:removed
1529:sources
1478:Polesia
1474:Belarus
1449:Kharkiv
1433:Poltava
1409:Ukraine
1389:Bormann
1365:Himmler
1238:History
1182:of the
1157:as the
1127:Ukraine
1096:
1002:Judaism
992:Banking
659:Cumania
639:Khazars
574:Scythia
569:Taurica
523:Ukraine
496:Belarus
486:Ukraine
339:•
287:•
209:Russian
174:Capital
94:
86:Anthem:
5193:Trials
5094:Places
5023:Events
4698:People
4689:Russia
4679:Poland
4674:Norway
4664:Latvia
4496:Monaco
4425:Norway
4346:Serbia
4316:Greece
4311:France
4289:Exiled
4190:Greece
4185:France
4082:Serbia
4077:Poland
4067:Greece
4048:France
3925:Alsace
3906:German
3858:Warsaw
3848:Lublin
3843:Kraków
3739:Venice
3674:Vienna
3664:Styria
3517:Swabia
3502:Saxony
3402:Berlin
3270:
3251:
3215:, and
3086:
2942:
2907:
2891:
2871:
2711:Kronau
2681:German
2624:German
2601:, and
2582:area.
2580:Donbas
2108:, and
2098:Rostow
2044:Crimea
1984:Kiew (
1952:Partei
1680:Dnipro
1637:Berlin
1603:Führer
1441:Crimea
1373:Berlin
1210:, and
1208:Polish
1196:Jewish
1172:Führer
759:Danube
514:on the
491:Poland
247:
214:Polish
194:German
156:Status
88:
76:Emblem
5006:(UPA)
4519:Other
4215:Lokot
4210:Lepel
4200:Italy
4087:Banat
3955:Posen
3853:Radom
3694:Banat
3432:Essen
2847:(PDF)
2617:Aryan
2568:state
2475:(the
2367:114th
2360:106th
2301:Slavs
1960:Wojts
1853:HSSPF
1823:HSSPF
1803:d.R.
1676:Lubny
1656:Kovel
1633:Rivne
1629:Aryan
1610:Rivne
1494:Mazyr
1490:Pinsk
1417:Lutsk
1103:Reich
183:Rovno
4471:Ural
4225:Nias
4145:Asch
3366:Gaus
3268:ISBN
3249:ISBN
3084:ISBN
3052:Знак
2940:ISBN
2905:ISBN
2889:ISBN
2869:ISBN
2713:and
2574:and
2542:Rbls
2412:any
2410:cite
2229:any
2227:cite
2158:and
2016:Luzk
2010:and
2001:NSFK
1986:Kiev
1707:Kyiv
1682:and
1642:The
1574:The
1527:any
1525:cite
1492:and
1435:and
1429:Kyiv
1093:lit.
1081:The
723:Sich
355:Area
178:Kiev
62:Flag
2423:by
2240:by
2178:).
2104:),
2096:),
2088:),
2080:),
2072:),
1828:SS-
1635:or
1612:in
1538:by
1469:).
1371:in
1295:'s
1284:as
1277:.
1089:RKU
234:of
166:of
5303::
5060:IV
4054:‧
3211:,
3189:^
3128::
3107:^
3025:^
2979:^
2962:.
2820:.
2802:.
2792:.
2781:^
2709:,
2676:.
2641:,
2597:,
2307:.
2202:.
2189:.
2124:.
2050:;
2020:SA
2014:;
1943:.
1777:,
1674:,
1670:,
1639:.
1616:.
1447:,
1443:,
1431:,
1393:SA
1361:SS
1206:,
1202:,
1198:,
1194:,
1190:,
1133:,
1091:;
4620:e
4613:t
4606:v
4058:)
4050:(
3579:)
3575:(
3378:)
3370:(
3333:e
3326:t
3319:v
3277:.
3258:.
3232:.
3183:.
3092:.
3067:.
2994:.
2973:.
2948:.
2924:.
2877:.
2831:.
2450:)
2444:(
2439:)
2435:(
2431:.
2417:.
2267:)
2261:(
2256:)
2252:(
2248:.
2234:.
2169:)
2112:(
2100:(
2092:(
2084:(
2076:(
2068:(
2046:-
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1565:)
1559:(
1554:)
1550:(
1546:.
1532:.
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953:)
949:(
725:)
721:(
715:)
711:(
20:)
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