248:), themselves written in NeWS. These widgets ran all of their behavior in the NeWS interpreter, and only required communications to an outside program (or more NeWS code) when the widget demanded it. For example, a toggle button's display routine can query the button's state (pressed or not) and change its display accordingly. The button's PostScript code can also react to mouse clicks by changing its state from "pressed" to "not pressed" and vice versa. All this can happen in the windowing server without interaction with the client program, and only when the mouse is released on the button will an event be sent off for handling. This was more sophisticated than the
233:. This eliminated the need for an external OO language to build a complete application. Since all of these additions were implemented as extensions to PostScript, it was possible to write simple PostScript code that would result in a running, onscreen, interactive program. Two popular demonstration programs were an onscreen clock, which required about two pages of code, and a program which drew a pair of eyes that followed the cursor as it moved around the screen. The eyeball program was shown at
261:
34:
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443:, NeWS was vastly more powerful, but also slower (especially for local connections). The C API was very low level and difficult to use, so most NeWS programs tended to be entirely written in PostScript. Another factor in the popularity was that Sun charged a fee to license the NeWS source code, while the MIT X11 code was free of cost.
161:, although the two projects were otherwise unrelated) extending it to allow interaction and multiple "contexts" to support windows. Like PostScript, NeWS could be used as a complete programming language, but unlike PostScript, NeWS could be used to make complete interactive programs with mouse support and a
209:
Like the view system in most GUIs, NeWS included the concept of a tree of embedded views along which events were passed. For instance, a mouse click would generate an event that would be passed to the object directly under the mouse pointer, say a button. If this object did not respond to the event,
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which ran an X11 server in parallel with the PostScript interpreter. This seriously degraded the NeWS interpreter performance and was not considered a very good X11 server either. Sun also implemented the OPEN LOOK user interface specification in several toolkits: The NeWS Toolkit (TNT) was an OPEN
252:
server model, which can only report "mouse button was clicked down here", "mouse is now here", "mouse button was released here" events to a client, which then has to figure out if the event is in the button, switch the state, and finally instruct the server to display the new state. If client and
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The first versions of NeWS emulated the X10 protocol by translating the calls into NeWS PostScript. Speed problems plus the existence of programs that relied on the exact pixel results of X10 calls, and the obsolescence of X10, forced Sun to release an X11/NeWS hybrid called
427:
Virtuoso, was produced for NeWS; it was a port of FreeHand with additional functionality that took advantage of the PostScript environment. Unfortunately Sun announced the end of support for NeWS just as
Virtuoso became ready to ship.
218:, and other functionality required for full interaction. The input handling system was designed to provide strong event synchronization guarantees that were not possible with asynchronous protocols like X.
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fashion, since, unlike PostScript in a printer, NeWS would be displaying a number of PostScript programs at the same time on one screen. It also added a complete view hierarchy, based on viewports known as
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the object "under" the button would then receive the message, and so on. NeWS included a complete model for these events, including timers and other automatic events, input queues for devices such as
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Although adoption was never widespread, several companies and universities licensed NeWS and adapted it for various uses, creating both commercial and non-commercial ports.
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Methodology of Window
Management (Eurographics Seminars) Proceedings of an Alvey Workshop at Cosener's House, Abingdon, UK, April 1985
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272:) which Sun released in 1989. Sun also shipped an earlier "Lite" toolkit intended for example purposes and making small programs.
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This article is about the windowing system by Sun
Microsystems. For the UNIX workstation series produced by Sony, see
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server are not on the same machine, these interactions must travel over the network, which results in
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To support user interface widgets, NeWS expanded the original PostScript
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in the mid-1980s. Originally known as "SunDew", its primary authors were
46:
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NeWS: A Networked and
Extensible Window System, lecture by James Gosling
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in 1988 and was the inspiration for the later well-known X application
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NeWS started by implementing a PostScript interpreter running in a
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James
Gosling, David S. H. Rosenthal, Michelle J. Arden (1989).
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LOOK toolkit written in PostScript that ran in the NeWS server.
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magazine :: Datamation :: Datamation V33 N17 19870901
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NeWS included several libraries of user interface elements (
16:
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Grasshopper Group created a
Macintosh port called MacNeWS.
182:, and a synchronous event distribution system, supporting
358:
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Parallax extended it to be able to deal with live video.
579:"SunDew - A Distributed and Extensible Window System"
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ported it on Apollo workstations, in monochrome mode
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481:After it was clear that OPEN LOOK had lost out to
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1487:Common Development and Distribution License
629:. Google Book Search. Retrieved 2009-03-29.
268:The best example of such a library is TNT (
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541:. In F.R.A. Hopgood, D.A. Duce ... (ed.).
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515:"NeWS - Network extensible Window System"
390:desktop publishing program, developed by
725:HyperLook (aka HyperNeWS (aka GoodNeWS))
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337:Wedge Computer Inc. ported it to MacOS
352:Ameristar ported it on the Amiga 2000
304:Architech Corporation ported NeWS to
7:
343:ported it to their MIPS workstations
657:Alliant - The Visualization Series
14:
131:Network extensible Window System
32:
701:"From Pixar To Velocity Engine"
420:that was built with HyperLook.
423:A commercial drawing program,
322:Los Alamos National Laboratory
1:
1522:Open Source University Meetup
1431:Sun Microsystems Laboratories
291:to replace their proprietary
703:. 2001-07-06. Archived from
414:developed a NeWS version of
349:ported it to their computers
229:(OO) programming style with
1641:The Network is the Computer
740:a short description of NeWS
621:. Springer Verlag. p. 193.
287:used a version of it named
88:; 37 years ago
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841:SPARCstation/server/center
324:ported it on a Cray XMP-24
18:
1681:Sun Microsystems software
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1482:
1323:Sun Secure Global Desktop
1220:
792:
485:in popularity, and after
394:with funding mainly from
327:TGV ported X11/NeWS on a
31:
1646:Write once, run anywhere
1190:System Service Processor
745:The NeWS eyeball program
175:cooperative multitasking
1205:Ultra Port Architecture
462:(X Intrinsics) base as
1492:Java Community Process
1359:StorageTek 5800 System
1210:Visual Instruction Set
458:was built on the same
392:Frame Technology Corp.
362:University of Michigan
265:
264:TNT-based applications
1446:Project Looking Glass
593:"Ports of Sun's NeWS"
263:
255:a delay in responding
147:David S. H. Rosenthal
65:David S. H. Rosenthal
1405:Visualization System
1400:Constellation System
677:"NeWS on the Apollo"
539:"Article 5 - SunDew"
408:The Turing Institute
223:stack-based language
133:) is a discontinued
45:authoring tool with
1293:Java Desktop System
370:ported it to their
312:Columbia University
308:, calling it NeWS/2
28:
1180:Modular Datacenter
795:Acquired by Oracle
266:
159:Display PostScript
157:(as was the later
56:Original author(s)
1686:Windowing systems
1663:
1662:
1610:Procom Technology
1590:Lighthouse Design
1563:
1562:
1545:Andy Bechtolsheim
1364:StorageTek SL8500
1218:
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1095:UltraSPARC III Cu
972:Blade workstation
681:groups.google.com
627:978-0-387-96915-2
597:groups.google.com
474:as Sun's earlier
432:Competition with
295:windowing system.
124:
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86:October 1986
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1595:Montalvo Systems
1575:Afara Websystems
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1009:SPARC Enterprise
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270:The NeWS Toolkit
225:into a complete
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119:Windowing system
102:Operating system
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734:External links
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707:on 2001-07-06
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644:. 1987-09-01.
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619:
618:The NeWS Book
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558:3-540-16116-3
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153:was based on
152:
148:
144:
143:James Gosling
140:
137:developed by
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61:James Gosling
59:
57:
53:
48:
44:
40:
35:
30:
22:
1568:Acquisitions
1555:Vinod Khosla
1369:Open Storage
1282:
967:Blade server
898:SPARCclassic
720:
709:. Retrieved
705:the original
695:
684:. Retrieved
680:
671:
661:, retrieved
656:
650:
640:
634:
616:
611:
600:. Retrieved
596:
587:
573:
562:. Retrieved
543:
529:
518:. Retrieved
505:
480:
448:
445:
439:Compared to
438:
422:
415:
381:
378:Applications
279:
269:
267:
243:
220:
208:
201:
195:
189:
183:
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172:
130:
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125:
72:Developer(s)
41:browser and
1507:OpenSolaris
1410:Grid Engine
1388:Performance
1318:Java System
1288:OpenWindows
1029:Cobalt Qube
1014:JavaStation
511:Don Hopkins
412:Don Hopkins
341:Whitechapel
318:series 3000
231:inheritance
151:interpreter
149:. The NeWS
1676:PostScript
1670:Categories
1625:Tarantella
1620:StorageTek
1343:VirtualBox
1308:StarOffice
1070:UltraSPARC
1065:SuperSPARC
1060:microSPARC
1043:Processors
1034:Cobalt RaQ
955:Enterprise
711:2022-07-02
686:2022-07-01
663:2022-07-01
602:2022-07-01
564:2008-01-08
520:2008-01-08
497:References
491:FrameMaker
388:FrameMaker
155:PostScript
1512:OpenSPARC
1476:Community
1455:Education
1338:GlassFish
1165:Fireplane
489:acquired
384:OPEN LOOK
216:keyboards
191:interests
47:pie menus
39:HyperTIES
21:Sony NEWS
1657:Category
1600:MySQL AB
1585:Gridware
1540:Bill Joy
1497:NetBeans
1441:Fortress
1436:picoJava
1424:Research
1232:Software
1170:LOM port
1129:SPARC T5
1124:SPARC T4
1119:SPARC T3
802:Hardware
537:(1986).
331:running
235:SIGGRAPH
203:monitors
180:canvases
1634:Slogans
1517:OpenJDK
1352:Storage
1313:iPlanet
1278:SunView
1244:Solaris
1185:Neptune
1055:MB86900
831:Sun386i
809:Systems
476:SunView
417:SimCity
356:Alliant
316:HP 9000
276:Porting
246:widgets
197:threads
93:1986-10
91: (
49:on NeWS
1615:SavaJe
1532:People
1415:Lustre
1298:Studio
1085:Gemini
625:
555:
547:. UK:
466:, and
425:Altsys
289:4Sight
185:events
169:Design
1467:BlueJ
1395:Cloud
1328:MySQL
1239:SunOS
1155:Sun4d
1148:Other
1050:SPARC
1002:X4500
997:T2000
960:10000
908:Ultra
903:Netra
836:Sun-4
826:Sun-3
821:Sun-2
816:Sun-1
487:Adobe
483:Motif
468:XView
464:Motif
450:Xnews
368:Pixar
347:Acorn
239:xeyes
107:SunOS
43:Emacs
1605:Pixo
1462:SCPs
1303:Java
1283:NeWS
1271:ZFS+
1254:NIS+
1200:SPOT
1175:MBus
1160:SBus
1139:MAJC
1134:Rock
992:E25K
977:Fire
623:ISBN
553:ISBN
472:APIs
456:OLIT
398:and
382:The
306:OS/2
214:and
212:mice
200:and
145:and
127:NeWS
114:Type
27:NeWS
1379:ZFS
1374:QFS
1333:xVM
1266:ZFS
1261:NFS
1249:NIS
1024:Ray
987:15K
982:12K
881:IPX
876:IPC
406:at
400:NSA
333:VMS
293:MEX
285:SGI
163:GUI
1672::
948:80
943:60
938:30
933:24
928:10
891:ZX
886:LX
871:20
866:10
679:.
595:.
551:.
513:.
460:Xt
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241:.
206:.
194:,
188:,
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63:,
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714:.
689:.
605:.
581:.
567:.
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129:(
95:)
23:.
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