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733:, several hundred people had watched the police try to arrest the man who had effectively laid siege to the street. Rev. Evans eventually persuaded the man to give himself up and accompanied the unemployed man as he surrendered to the police. Rev. Evans, who served in Nechells from 1952 to 1964, told reporters that had been taking a bath when the police arrived at his vicarage on Stanley Road.
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the baths were opened 22 June 1910. Facilities provided included a large swimming bath with a spectators' gallery and suites of private baths for men and women. The baths were immediately popular among the locals. Refurbishment work to the baths was completed in May 2007 by
Welconstruct. It cost £5.5 million, with funding from
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were already committed to other projects in the city and were unable to immediately attend the matter. In 1903, a site at the corner of
Nechells Park Road and Aston Church Road was acquired and in 1908, approval was given for the construction of baths on the site. Construction commenced that year and
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found that 33,957 people lived in the ward with a population density of 3,400 people per km. The broad ethnic breakdown of the population is: Asian 13.5%; White 15%; Black 65%; Mixed 3.5%; and others 3%. The largest ethnic groups are: White
British (12%); Pakistani (9%); African (60%) mainly Somali,
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The name "Nechells Green" originally referred to the triangle of land at the meeting point of the present
Nechells Park Road, Nechells Place, Bloomsbury Street, Rocky Lane, Charles Arthur Street and Thimble Mill Lane. On Tomlinson's 1758 map the area was indeed shown as a village green surrounded by
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route 7, which ran from the city centre to
Nechells from 1922 to 1940 and the motorbus route 43 which replaced it in 1940. The trolleybuses had been substituted for the Nechells tram route, the first time in the UK that a trolleybus-for-tram conversion had occurred and the first in the world to use
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On 8 July 1961, the then vicar of St. Clement's, the Rev. Elwyn Evans, was called upon by police to assist them in negotiating with a man who had barricaded himself in his house and refused to come out until a clergyman was called. He had fired an unloaded air pistol from the window of his house in
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The development of high rise flats in
Nechells had actually started in the 1950s, and it was the home of Birmingham's very first tower block - Queens Tower, on Great Francis Street - which was completed in 1954 and is still standing today. However, many of the tower blocks in the Nechells area were
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The face of
Nechells changed dramatically during the 1960s, with the decaying Victorian terraces being cleared and the area redeveloped with new houses and tower blocks. Some families remained in the new homes that had been built around Nechells, but there were insufficient new homes to rehouse all
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situated in Hutton (later Eliot) Street in 1879; the building of almshouses adjacent to St. Clement's church to accommodate "31 inmates, widows, single women, and married couples - whose age is above 60" and
Bloomsbury Library of 1892 on Nechells Parkway, described as "a typical vigorous example of
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status. They are
Nechells Primary E-ACT Academy (the successor to Nechells Junior and Infants school and Hutton Street Board School before that) and Nechells Church of England Academy (the successor to St Clement's Church of England Primary School which opened next to St Clement's Church in Stuart
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The Census also shows that
Nechells has a young population with 29% of residents under 18 years old (compared with 25% in Birmingham as a whole). The median age of Nechells residents is 25 years as opposed to 32 years in Birmingham as a whole. Only 7% of people are 65 years or older (compared with
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Community activities are now centred around Nechells POD, a charity established in 2015 with the aim of "offering a range of services and activities that will support, help, inspire, nurture and empower Nechells residents". Based on Oliver Street, Nechells POD also houses Bloomsbury Library since
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so impressed the owner of the Forward Gas Engine Company of Birmingham that he was offered the position of assistant works manager at their factory near Bloomsbury Street where he made various improvements to the equipment produced by this company. Lanchester resigned from the company in 1893 and
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Chinese food and restaurant business which occupies a site at Nechells Green bounded by Thimblemill Lane, Long Acre, Nechells Park Road and Railway Terrace. This site opened in 1992, was expanded considerably in 1996 and now includes a business centre serving the Chinese community and a food
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By the 1950s, however, many of the homes in Nechells had been reduced to "slums" and were unfit for human habitation. People were living in homes without electricity, running water, bathrooms or indoor toilets. The Gas Works caused a continuous unpleasant smell. The bulk of the area had been
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Fell, P. (2004) "And now it has started to rain: Support and advocacy with adult asylum seekers in the voluntary sector" in Hayes, D. and Humphries, B. (eds) Social Work, Immigration and Asylum: Debates, Dilemmas and Ethical Issues for Social Work and Social Care Practice. London: Jessica
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The Villa Tavern pub at the junction of Nechells Park Road and Holborn Hill displays the date "1897" as the year in which it was built. However, the present building dates from 1924 to 1925 and is a rebuilding of the original pub on this site by the architect Matthew J. Butcher. It is a
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Nechells Baths on Nechells Park Road is also Grade II listed. Plans for baths to be constructed in the Nechells ward came about in 1900 when representatives from the ward pressured the council into providing public baths for the ward. However, the
421:. Nechells local government ward includes areas, for example parts of Birmingham city centre, which are not part of the historic district of Nechells as such, now often referred to in policy documents as "North Nechells, Bloomsbury and Duddeston".
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works has been acquired for the construction of a depot and control centre for the new line. In May 2022 a new 92 metre long bridge was installed to carry the Aston-Stechford line over the future HS2 line and existing Birmingham to Derby railway.
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On 7 July 2016, five workers, Almamo Jammeh, Ousman Diaby, Bangally Dikoureh, Salibo Sillah and Muhamdou Jagana lost their lives when a concrete wall collapsed at the plant of Hawkeswood Metal Recycling on Trevor Street. Following a trial at
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rail line from London to Birmingham is constructed, it will skirt the south-eastern edge of Nechells, running alongside the Birmingham-Derby and under the Aston-Stechford railways and Aston Church Road before continuing to Saltley and a new
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518:...a hamlet in the parish of Aston and borough of Birmingham, county Warwick. It is united with Duddeston, and forms a populous suburb of Birmingham. Here are extensive workshops for building railway carriages, also a lunatic asylum
1261:(1900–66). Born at 68 St Clement's Road, Edith Pitt became an industrial welfare officer for Tubes Ltd. in 1943. She served as a Conservative city councilor for the Small Heath Ward in 1941 and was elected Conservative MP for
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in 2022, two directors of the firm that ran the plant were convicted of health and safety offences which lead to the men's deaths. In 2023 the two men were each sentenced to nine months imprisonment at Birmingham Crown Court.
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Cinema which, with thirty screens, is one of the largest multiplexes in Europe. Star City has been described as a "palace of pleasure...feeding and entertaining groups from families to young couples to children's parties".
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763:, Holborn Hill and Long Acre; and a building shown as "Park Mills (Edge Tool)" is shown on Wharton Street, again adjoining the Birmingham and Warwick Junction Canal, which runs parallel at some points to the
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Foundry Services Ltd, later FOSECO, moved into premises on Long Acre in 1933. The company had been created by two German Jewish refugees, Eric Weiss and Kossi Strauss, and specialized in the manufacture of
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At the corner of Long Acre and Plume Street stood the large factory of Verity's Ltd, a manufacturer of electrical motors, fans and electrical fittings. The company went into voluntary liquidation in 1959.
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pipes. She had also allowed him to be exposed to fumes from her drug use and cigarette smoke. A jury found Heath guilty of manslaughter and on 28 April 2022 she was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment.
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1180:, Jamaican-born documentary photographer, best known for his photographs of Birmingham's African-Caribbean communities. In 2015, the contents of Burke's Nechells flat were put on display at the
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library services were transferred from the original library Building. Sports facilities are provided at the Heartlands High Community Leisure Centre and the Nechells Community Sports Centre.
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Llion Rees, inspirational teacher and then head teacher of Nechells Junior School in the 1960s, described by his future colleague Sir David Winkley as a "brilliant primary head".
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Whilst it is notable in Birmingham for being the area with the highest rate of unemployment, crime and poverty, it has been the focus of a great deal of urban regeneration by
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in February 1972, a confrontation between striking mineworkers, the police and the West Midlands Gas Board over the picketing mineworkers' attempt to prevent the transport of
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Austin Street itself, situated between Aston Church Road and Trevor Street at right angles to Nechells Park Road, no longer exists, having been built over by new housing.
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1:2500 maps of 1902 and 1904 there is much evidence of industry in the early 20th century: Nechells Chemical Works and Birmingham Paper Mill were located adjacent to the
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Hakeem Hussein. In November 2017, seven-year old Hakeem was found dead outside a house in Cook Street. Initially, there was speculation that he had died from
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and within the plant. The power stations closed in 1982, but a steam locomotive used at the site, "Nechells No.4", has been preserved and is operating on the
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1233:, it emerged that his mother, Laura Heath, was a heroin addict who had wilfully neglected to manage her son's asthma; she had sometimes used Hakeem's asthma
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Nechells became a densely populated area during the 19th century, with mass development of houses and factories taking place. Mass immigration occurred from
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service from the Town Hall to Nechells Green and Bloomsbury consisting of eight return journeys per day and operated by Lamyman and Monk. The fare was four
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Nearby, on Lingard Street, close to Bloomsbury Library, was situated another branch of the motor vehicle industry. David Haydon Ltd manufactured bodies for
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The second of the two gasworks was the setting - in an "obscure suburb on the eastern side of Birmingham", according to one historian, - for the so-called
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The former Bloomsbury Library on Nechells Parkway. As of 2022 it houses a children's daycare centre. Library facilities were being provided at Nechells POD.
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The privately owned St Clements Nursing Home at the junction of Nechells Park Road and Stanley Road was built on land formerly occupied by St. Clement's
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Mélanges de Philologie, offerts à M. Johan Vising par ses élèves et ses amis scandinaves, à l'occasion du soixante-dixième anniversaire de sa naissance
654:- marks the edge of the sandstone ridge on which Nechells is situated. The main roads which lead north, east and south from Nechells all have the same
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Nechells played a part in the development of the petrol-driven internal combustion motor car. At the age of twenty and with no formal qualifications,
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3197:"Inside story: As an archdeacon in Zimbabwe, Peter Wagner devoted his life to helping others. Last month he was brutally murdered in his church"
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464:, only the "n" in "atten" remained in oral usage and became assimilated to "Eccheles". So, n+Eccheles became the "Nechells" (pronunciation
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1134:– a vast entertainment complex that houses shops, restaurants, a 22-lane bowling centre (Tenpin, formerly Megabowl), a casino, a hotel and
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More people die young in North Nechells, Bloomsbury and Duddeston than Birmingham on average, mostly from: chronic liver disease including
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of electricity in 1980–81. A small railway network was used by both power stations for the transport of coal from the main line railway at
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13% in Birmingham as a whole). More than half of the children growing up in Nechells are in families defined as being in child poverty.
714:. The new homes were certainly a big improvement on their predecessors, but the area still suffered from rising unemployment and crime.
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2026:"R. Kellaway. Re-examining the Battle of Saltley Gate: interpretations of violence, leadership and legacy. University of Bristol, 2010"
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school, for pupils aged 11–16, which was incorporated into the existing Eliot Street Junior and Infants site after the passing of the
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1069:. From 1856 to 1869, a station named "Bloomsbury and Nechells " was situated slightly to the north of the present Duddeston station.
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used as a stage in the manufacture of nails situated at a point towards the northern end of what was to become Nechells Park Road.
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remaining.; St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church in 1872 (incorporating the former chapel of the Roman Catholic cemetery, designed by
570:, his first church, in 1859; The church was largely demolished in 1977, with only the church hall and a short section of the south
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Life expectancy is much worse than the Birmingham average, along with self-reported health status and long term limiting illnesses
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history and mythology, the name "Saltley Gate" (or "Gates") has persisted, despite the locale for the incident being in Nechells.
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Early evidence of industrial, or rather small-scale craft activity in Nechells is given on Tomlinson's 1758 map which shows a
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1229:, but a post-mortem examination revealed that the cause of death was an asthma attack. During a trial in March–April 2022 at
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476:, published in 1758. This pronunciation was also to be heard in the 20th century amongst some older inhabitants of the area.
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The surviving buildings of the former St Clement's Church on Stuart Street, now used by the Birmingham Victory Unity Centre.
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2081:"Lanchester, Frederick William [pseud. Paul Netherton-Herries] (1868–1946), car and aircraft designer and engineer"
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2970:"MAPPING OF MIGRATION, REFUGEE AND ASYLUM WORK IN AND FROM THE CATHOLIC COMMUNITY IN ENGLAND AND WALES – A REPORT SUMMARY"
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at the eastern end of Cattells Grove; a Tube Works, Stove Works and Varnish Works were situated in an area bounded by the
666:'s line from Stechford to Aston cut across Nechells Park Road and neighbouring streets when it opened in 1880, as had the
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888:, a coach and corporate vehicle operator, had its head office and a depot on Long Acre, on the site of the former Aston
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1046:, and with additional buildings on the adjoining Crompton Road, was closed and its buildings demolished in the 1980s.
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speculated that a more precise meaning could be "land added by clearing," or "land added by draining a marsh". In the
1214:. He has worked as a teacher and social worker, founding the innovative "Revive" project, which provides support for
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started production in 1993 and produces beer, cider and perry. It is capable of producing 24,000 bottles per hour.
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Nechells Primary E-ACT Academy, formerly Nechells Primary School and Hutton Street Board School, on Eliot Street.
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In addition to the Church of God of Prophecy, mentioned above, other active places of worship include Nechells
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Lost Lives - The stories of the men, women and children who died as a result of the Northern Ireland Troubles
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from Liverpool and Manchester to Birmingham in order to reach its temporary terminus at Vauxhall in 1837.
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in 1923 and a larger plant, known as Nechells "B", opened in 1954. The B station had a capacity of 224
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were situated on land now occupied by the Star City complex. The first power station was opened by the
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However, a report published in 2010 by the Birmingham Public Health Information Team concluded that:
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Midlands is situated at the Metro Triangle on Mount Street. This warehouse distributes foodstuffs to
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designated as a redevelopment area in 1937, but its regeneration was put off by some 20 years due to
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1080:. These services were the distant forerunners of the main bus service serving Nechells in 2019, the
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is a perpetual curacy in the diocese of Worcester, value £59. The church is dedicated to St Clement.
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Bus service to Nechells began in the 1850s. Osborne's railway timetable for January 1858 lists an
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of the area's original residents, and as a result some families moved to new housing estates like
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chapel of 1888–9 on Long Acre, "a rare survivor of Crouch & Butler's early chapel work".; a
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North Nechells, Bloomsbury and Duddeston has a young population compared with Birmingham overall
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1774:"146, 147 AND 148, NECHELLS PARK ROAD B7, non Civil Parish - 1343125 | Historic England"
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A notable feature of the commercial life of present-day Nechells is the headquarters of the
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Looking north-east along Nechells Park Road. The sloping ground - towards the River Rea and
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the red brick and terracotta school for municipal building at the end of the 19th century.".
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Jones, P. "The suburban high flat in the post-war reconstruction of Birmingham, 1945–71".
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Peter Fell, born in Nechells in 1951. Educated at Eliot Street Junior and Infants School,
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a few lanes and fields, and a sparse population consisting of a handful of widely-spread
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in November 1974. They were aged 20, 17 and 46 respectively at the time of their deaths.
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Paul Davies, Neil Marsh and John Rowlands. These Nechells residents were victims of the
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The area is made up of multicultural, mixed communities with crime and health problems
441:(1322). The latter form of the name derives from "atten Eccheles", "belonging to the
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1291:, born in 1931 and Vicar of St Clement's Nechells from 1964 to 1970. He later became
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1053:, the successor to Heartlands High School and Duddeston Manor School before that.
2500:"North Nechells, Bloomsbury and Duddeston Health Profile 2010. (PHIT-1011AB0019)"
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in Prime Minister Harold Macmillan's cabinet, a position she had held since 1959.
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went on to produce the first all-British four-wheel petrol car. A sculpture, the
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demolished in the 1990s to make way for new low rise private and rented housing.
484:. In the 1950s and 60s the name was adopted for the re-developed area of Ashted,
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2402:"Company directors jailed after wall collapse killed five workers in Birmingham"
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3040:"Laura Heath jailed for 20 years for manslaughter of son Hakeem Hussain, seven"
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1709:"Bloomsbury Library Opening Times and Contact Details - Library of Birmingham"
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3066:"'I grew up in a weird Irish bubble. There is a lot about loss in my books'"
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1398:"Nechells Community First - Plans for Community First in Nechells 2013-2015"
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Birmingham company directors guilty of safety failings after workers' death
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and admission rates (to hospital) are higher than the Birmingham average.
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The Villa Tavern at the junction of Nechells Park Road and Holborn Hill.
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2173:"Lest We Forget Exhibition (Jewish Refugees) - Birmingham City Council"
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houses dating from about 1840 and Grade II listed by Historic England.
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2628:"Sutton Coldfield to Birmingham via Boldmere, Erdington and Nechells"
1255:. She grew up in Nechells, where her father owned a newsagent's shop.
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Later in the 20th century Nechells was chosen as the location of two
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was also current, as indicated by the spelling of Tomlinson's Map of
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1647:, Pevsner Architectural Guides, Yale University Press, 2022, p.233.
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and opened in 1850). The later church was designed by Pugin's son,
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2363:"Five men killed as wall collapses at Birmingham recycling centre"
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Take Heart: people, history and change in Birmingham's Heartlands
2897:"Ikon Gallery: What 2015 has ready for the Brindleyplace gallery"
1105:, the "Inner Circle", also serves the western part of the area.
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St Josephs' cemetery, with Aston Manor Brewery in the background.
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Old Ordnance Survey Maps, Gravelly Hill 1902, Alan Godfrey Maps.
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D. McKittrick, S.Kelters, B. Feeney, C. Thornton and D. McVea,
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1441:, Gothenburg: N.J Gumperts and Paris: E.Champion, 1925, 105-6.
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UK parliamentary constituencies (left) and city council wards
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Where I live - Inner City: Neil Thomson meets Desrene Gentles
2752:"Skanska installs 92-metre railway bridge [ – video]"
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Sudanese and Eritrean; Caribbean (8%) and Bangladeshi (11%).
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2989:"What it's really like to be an asylum seeker in Manchester"
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The Buildings of England - Birmingham and the Black Country
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Birmingham Corporation Transport 1939-1969, Ian Allan, 1999
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See Chinn, 2007, pp3-4 for the origins of this street name.
1604:, Pevsner Architectural Guides, Yale University Press, 2022
1437:
Ekwall, E.,"The English Place-Names Etchells, Nechells" in
387:
3329:
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period, following the process of language change known as
2771:. Michael Symmons Roberts. London: Vintage. p. 217.
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Passenger Railway Stations in Great Britain: A Chronology
2447:"Take a Look Around FareShare Midlands Birmingham Depot!"
562:
Developments in the Victorian era include the opening of
39:
public baths, opened 22 June 1910, on Nechells Park Road.
3014:"Hakeem Hussain: The needless death of a neglected boy"
2013:
State of Emergency - The Way We Were: Britain 1970-1974
1428:, 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1960, p.169.
614:
The entrance to the Wing Yip complex on Nechells Green.
1493:. Birmingham: Birmingham Evening Mail, 1999, p. 103-4.
449:
word meaning "land added to a village or estate". The
2935:"Meet Our Alumni, Manchester Metropolitan University"
393:
378:
3171:"Click here to view the tribute page for Llion REES"
2592:. Oxford: Railway and Canal Historical Society, 2009
1467:. Birmingham: Birmingham Evening Mail, 1999, p. 103.
1426:
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names
409:, whose population in 2011 was 33,957. It is also a
390:
4351:
4318:
4285:
4252:
4219:
4181:
4148:
4115:
4082:
4040:
3385:
3286:
The City of Birmingham Baths Department 1851 - 1951
3260:. Birmingham: University of Birmingham Press, 2003.
1528:
The National Gazetteer of Great Britain and Ireland
488:and Vauxhall to the south-west of Nechells itself.
375:
288:
272:
260:
248:
234:
222:
212:
202:
188:
170:
152:
134:
116:
100:
89:
81:
23:
3096:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
3085:
2671:. Glossop: The Transport Publishing Company, 1977.
2658:. Glossop: The Transport Publishing Company, 1982.
2615:Osborne's Railway Timetable and Literary Companion
2079:
1551:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004.
1540:
878:in the 1990s and is now a multinational business.
4396:"Nechells Profile | Birmingham City Council"
3141:"Knight of Passion, Times Educational Supplement"
2819:"Britain's Historic Pub Interiors - Pub Heritage"
1809:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
1621:, Vol. VII. London: Oxford University Press, 1964
682:, further immigration occurred from parts of the
767:, both forming an eastern boundary of Nechells.
3087:"Pitt, Dame Edith Maud (1906–1966), politician"
2695:The Inner Circle - Birmingham's No. 8 Bus Route
1739:"The future of Bloomsbury Library in Nechells?"
1632:Birmingham's Victorian and Edwardian Architects
1591:. Birmingham: Houghton and Hammond 1880, P. 578
2605:, Birmingham Transport Historical Group, 1978.
1025:Two primary schools in Nechells have acquired
468:) of modern usage. However, the pronunciation
3999:
3355:
3222:"Councillors' Advice Bureaux - Nechells Ward"
2656:Birmingham Corporation Trams and Trolleybuses
1793:. London: Stephenson Locomotive Society. 1954
1785:
1783:
1542:"The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography"
1327:Nechells has adopted a Ward Support Officer.
976:Birmingham Heartlands Development Corporation
8:
3267:, vols 1–4. Studley: Brewin Books 2003–2007.
2090:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1895:. Archived from the original on 8 March 2007
858:until the closure of the firm in the 1960s.
429:Early recorded versions of the name include
3288:. Birmingham: Birmingham Corporation, 1951.
2498:Baker, Andrew; Singh, Mohan; Begaj, Irena.
1805:"Colored Minorities in Birmingham, England"
1791:Railways of the West Midlands: A Chronology
524:(i.e. the position of vicar of the parish)
4006:
3992:
3984:
3362:
3348:
3340:
2924:. Mainstream Publishing, 2007, pp.499-500.
1614:
1612:
1610:
20:
3270:Foster, A., Pevsner, N. and Wedgwood, A.
3224:. Birmingham City Council. Archived from
2844:"Makeover is complete for Nechells Baths"
1863:. Stroud: The History Press, 2011, p.108.
1619:Victoria History of the County of Warwick
1930:, Oxford University Press, 1967, p. 384.
1096:. This route is itself the successor of
535:St. Joseph's Catholic Church, Long Acre.
4387:
3093:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2654:Mayou, A., Barker, T. and Stanford, J.
2556:Victoria County History of Warwickshire
2087:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1660:. Birmingham: Houghton and Hammond 1880
1548:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1335:
774:, in Windsor Street and Nechells Place,
287:
243:
211:
187:
99:
27:
3335:Birmingham City Council: Nechells Ward
3274:. London: Yale University Press, 2022.
2987:Williams, Jennifer (4 February 2016).
1906:
1743:Birmingham Libraries Campaigns @FoLoB_
1671:The Buildings of England: Warwickshire
1643:Foster, A., N. Pevsner and A Wedgwood
1600:Foster, A., N. Pevsner and A Wedgwood
622:1970s housing on Nechells Park Road...
2708:"Draft Environmental Statement | HS2"
2693:Hanson, M., Harvey, D. and Drake, P.
2667:Keeley, M., Russell, M. and Gray, P.
946:Church on Nechells Park Road and the
757:Birmingham and Warwick Junction Canal
740:Industrial and commercial development
271:
259:
247:
233:
221:
201:
169:
151:
133:
115:
88:
7:
2308:. London: HarperCollins, 2002, p.57.
1454:, Part 4. Studley:Brewin, 2007, p.3.
85:33,957 (2011 Population Census)
3258:Birmingham - Bibliography of a City
2306:Birmingham - The Photographic Atlas
2179:. 30 September 2011. Archived from
1928:Crockford's Clerical Directory 1965
1847:History of Birmingham Places A to Y
1508:History of Birmingham Places A to Y
4424:Wards of Birmingham, West Midlands
4419:Areas of Birmingham, West Midlands
2939:Manchester Metropolitan University
2870:"At Home with Vanley Burke | Ikon"
1303:but was murdered in his church in
1204:Manchester Metropolitan University
1101:double deck covered vehicles. The
14:
1961:CEGB Statistical Yearbook 1980-81
1715:. 1 February 2015. Archived from
1273:in 1962, having lost her post as
513:. In 1868 it was described thus:
4073:
4014:
3949:
3370:
2895:Young, Graham (9 January 2015).
2536:"Nechells Primary E-ACT Academy"
1645:Birmingham and the Black Country
1602:Birmingham and the Black Country
1530:. London: James S. Virtue, 1868.
1373:"Nechells - UK Census Data 2011"
1348:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
1049:Nechells is currently served by
727:Austin Street. According to the
664:London and North Western Railway
401:) is a district ward in central
371:
57:
56:
49:
29:
3307:Saltley, Duddeston and Nechells
3295:. Stroud, Fonthill Media, 2015.
3281:. Beverley: Hutton Press, 1993.
2400:Murray, Jessica (15 May 2023).
1316:Nechells ward is served by one
1247:. Novelist, winner of the 2008
910:Also on Thimble Mill Lane, the
3195:Wagner, Hugh (20 March 2001).
2319:"Wing Yip - Chinese Wholesale"
1082:National Express West Midlands
547:chapel on Long Acre, now the
1:
3277:Frostick, E. and Harland, L.
3147:. 11 May 2008. Archived from
2148:"David Haydon - Graces Guide"
1861:The Little Book of Birmingham
1669:Pevsner, N. and Wedgwood, A.
926:A distribution warehouse for
3302:. London: Watts Books, 1993.
3127:UK public library membership
2714:. 2 May 2014. Archived from
2121:UK public library membership
1979:www.warwickshirerailways.com
1575:UK public library membership
1196:King Edward's Grammar School
874:industry. The firm moved to
844:Frederick William Lanchester
761:Birmingham and Fazeley Canal
4376:Stechford and Yardley North
4267:Lozells and East Handsworth
3320:A brief history of Nechells
1713:www.libraryofbirmingham.com
102:OS grid reference
18:Human settlement in England
4440:
4071:
3291:Rudge, T. and Clenton, K.
1963:. London: CEGB. p. 7.
1491:One Thousand Years of Brum
1465:One Thousand Years of Brum
1157:Birmingham Baths Committee
1002:, injury undetermined and
801:(MW) and generated 52.869
722:The Siege of Austin Street
674:The 20th century and later
4026:
3958:
3947:
3249:Birmingham City Council.
2669:Birmingham City Transport
2262:"St Clemens Nursing Home"
2015:. Allen Lane, 2010, p.121
1945:British Newspaper Archive
1913:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1803:Jones, Philip N. (1976).
1371:Services, Good Stuff IT.
1350:(3rd ed.). Longman.
1117:. The site of the former
1103:West Midlands bus route 8
1063:Duddeston railway station
549:Church of God of Prophecy
306:
284:
244:
118:Metropolitan borough
44:
28:
4020:Government of Birmingham
2823:pubheritage.camra.org.uk
2485:The House of the Lord UK
2054:"Battle of Saltley Gate"
1975:"Nechells Power Station"
1876:(32), pp.308-326 (2005).
1673:. London: Penguin, 1966.
1287:Peter Frederick Wagner,
1149:Grade II listed building
154:Metropolitan county
4130:Moseley and Kings Heath
3251:Nechells Ward Factsheet
2993:Manchester Evening News
2697:. Stroud: Tempus, 2002.
2137:, Batsford, 2013, p.103
2135:Birmingham Then and Now
2000:Birmingham Then and Now
1949:(subscription required)
1688:The Royal Literary Fund
1275:parliamentary secretary
1189:Birmingham Pub Bombings
1162:Advantage West Midlands
972:Birmingham City Council
954:Demographics and health
849:Lanchester Car Monument
823:Nechells power stations
781:Demolition of Nechells
474:Duddeston and Netchells
4196:Bordesley and Highgate
3453:Birmingham City Centre
3102:10.1093/ref:odnb/70451
2096:10.1093/ref:odnb/34388
2002:, Batsford, 2013, p.98
1658:Old and New Birmingham
1634:, Oblong, 2009, p.471.
1589:Old and New Birmingham
1557:10.1093/ref:odnb/66097
1265:in 1953. She was made
1251:First Novel Prize for
1206:. Fell has degrees in
1086:Birmingham city centre
1061:Nechells is served by
960:2021 Population Census
920:Birmingham Crown Court
835:from the gasworks. In
829:Battle of Saltley Gate
786:
668:Grand Junction Railway
659:
643:
635:
623:
615:
607:
599:
559:
551:
536:
506:
224:Postcode district
4400:www.birmingham.gov.uk
3309:. Stroud: Tempus 2001
3175:funeral-notices.co.uk
2765:Farley, Paul (2012).
2434:Sunday Times Magazine
2207:www.gracesguide.co.uk
2177:www.birmingham.gov.uk
2152:www.gracesguide.co.uk
2078:Clark, C. S. (2004).
2058:www.saltleygate.co.uk
2040:registration required
1405:thecommunityfirst.net
1200:Manchester University
1166:Heritage Lottery Fund
1115:Curzon Street station
1067:Aston railway station
948:Ebenezer Mission Hall
780:
649:
641:
629:
621:
613:
605:
597:
557:
542:
534:
504:
3467:Bordesley Green East
2874:www.ikon-gallery.org
2603:Birmingham Transport
2569:"Heartlands Academy"
2516:on 26 September 2011
2481:"Welcome to THOTLUK"
2469:. 16 September 2018.
2436:, July 3, 2022, p.20
2343:on 15 September 2011
2183:on 30 September 2011
1263:Birmingham Edgbaston
1231:Coventry Crown Court
1130:Nechells is home to
204:Sovereign state
70:Location within the
3265:The Streets of Brum
2741:, April 2017, p.76.
2269:www.housingcare.org
1941:"Newspaper archive"
1763:Foster et al. p.234
1478:The Streets of Brum
1452:The Streets of Brum
934:across Birmingham.
912:Aston Manor Brewery
564:St Clement's Church
425:Origins of the name
345: /
298:Birmingham Ladywood
3256:Chinn, Carl (ed.)
2876:. 22 December 2014
2232:www.vipcaoch.co.uk
1745:. 13 December 2013
1719:on 1 February 2015
1279:Ministry of Health
1126:Places of interest
1084:bus route 66 from
1051:Heartlands Academy
1044:Education Act 1944
890:motive power depot
811:Chasewater Railway
787:
660:
644:
636:
630:... and opposite,
624:
616:
608:
600:
560:
552:
537:
507:
290:UK Parliament
236:Dialling code
4384:
4383:
3981:
3980:
3660:Jewellery Quarter
3293:Changing Nechells
3125:(Subscription or
3111:978-0-19-861412-8
2778:978-0-09-953977-3
2119:(Subscription or
2105:978-0-19-861412-8
2033:www.bristol.ac.uk
1684:"Library Tickets"
1630:Ballard, P. (ed)
1573:(Subscription or
1566:978-0-19-861411-1
1357:978-1-4058-8118-0
1245:Catherine O'Flynn
1108:When the planned
1034:Secondary schools
1030:Street in 1859).
938:Places of Worship
820:See main article:
364:
363:
136:Shire county
4431:
4404:
4403:
4392:
4328:Sutton Four Oaks
4320:Sutton Coldfield
4077:
4033:
4032:
4018:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3985:
3953:
3858:Sutton Coldfield
3380:
3374:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3341:
3330:Aston University
3325:Millennium Point
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3089:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3062:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2966:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2931:
2925:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2797:
2791:
2790:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2748:
2742:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2704:
2698:
2691:
2685:
2678:
2672:
2665:
2659:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2632:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2565:
2559:
2558:, Vol VII, p.529
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2515:
2509:. Archived from
2504:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2463:
2457:
2456:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2339:. Archived from
2333:
2327:
2326:
2315:
2309:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2277:
2271:. Archived from
2266:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2228:"Action Blocked"
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2144:
2138:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2083:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2022:
2016:
2009:
2003:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1912:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1883:
1877:
1870:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1800:
1794:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1680:
1674:
1667:
1661:
1654:
1648:
1641:
1635:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1605:
1598:
1592:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1544:
1537:
1531:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1504:"Nechells Green"
1500:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1461:
1455:
1448:
1442:
1435:
1429:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1340:
1090:Sutton Coldfield
1040:Secondary Modern
950:on Cook Street.
886:Flights Hallmark
497:The 19th century
471:
467:
400:
399:
396:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
380:
377:
360:
359:
357:
356:
355:
350:
349:52.501°N 1.860°W
346:
343:
342:
341:
338:
312:
198:
112:
111:
60:
59:
53:
33:
21:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4394:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4380:
4347:
4333:Sutton New Hall
4314:
4281:
4262:Handsworth Wood
4248:
4215:
4177:
4158:Bordesley Green
4144:
4111:
4102:Stockland Green
4078:
4069:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4022:
4012:
3982:
3977:
3954:
3945:
3695:Little Bromwich
3645:Highter's Heath
3615:Handsworth Wood
3463:Bordesley Green
3381:
3376:
3368:
3316:
3246:
3244:Further reading
3241:
3231:
3229:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3139:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3071:The Irish Times
3064:
3063:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3046:. 28 April 2022
3044:Birmingham Live
3038:
3037:
3033:
3023:
3021:
3020:. 28 April 2022
3012:
3011:
3007:
2997:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2974:www.csan.org.uk
2968:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2848:Birmingham Post
2842:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2817:
2816:
2812:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2779:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2738:Modern Railways
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2692:
2688:
2679:
2675:
2666:
2662:
2653:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2617:, January 1858,
2613:
2609:
2600:
2596:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2507:www.bhwp.nhs.uk
2502:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2479:
2478:
2474:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2323:www.wingyip.com
2317:
2316:
2312:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2281:
2279:
2278:on 4 March 2016
2275:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2132:
2128:
2118:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2010:
2006:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1905:
1898:
1896:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1871:
1867:
1858:
1854:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1802:
1801:
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1788:
1781:
1772:
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1767:
1762:
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1746:
1737:
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1707:
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1681:
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1655:
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1629:
1625:
1617:
1608:
1599:
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1586:
1582:
1572:
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1538:
1534:
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1522:
1512:
1510:
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1501:
1497:
1488:
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1333:
1314:
1289:Anglican priest
1174:
1128:
1059:
1036:
1023:
1021:Primary schools
1018:
1009:Mortality rates
974:and the former
956:
940:
795:Prince of Wales
789:Two coal-fired
753:Ordnance Survey
742:
730:Birmingham Post
724:
694:Sub Continent.
676:
499:
494:
427:
415:formal district
374:
370:
353:
351:
347:
344:
339:
336:
334:
332:
331:
330:
310:
302:
194:
184:
166:
148:
130:
107:
106:
77:
76:
75:
74:
68:
67:
66:
65:
61:
40:
37:grade II listed
19:
12:
11:
5:
4437:
4435:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4411:
4410:
4406:
4405:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4357:
4355:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4338:Sutton Trinity
4335:
4330:
4324:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4291:
4289:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4258:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4185:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4173:Washwood Heath
4170:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4152:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4121:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4088:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4003:
3996:
3988:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3970:
3968:Constituencies
3965:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3937:Yardley Fields
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3903:Washwood Heath
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3883:Walker's Heath
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3574:
3569:
3568:Garretts Green
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3413:Austin Village
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3315:
3314:External links
3312:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3228:on 10 May 2008
3213:
3187:
3162:
3132:
3110:
3077:
3057:
3031:
3005:
2979:
2961:
2951:
2926:
2913:
2901:BirminghamLive
2887:
2861:
2835:
2810:
2792:
2777:
2757:
2743:
2729:
2712:www.hs2.org.uk
2699:
2686:
2673:
2660:
2647:
2619:
2607:
2601:Jenson, A.G.,
2594:
2581:
2560:
2548:
2527:
2490:
2472:
2458:
2438:
2426:
2392:
2380:
2354:
2328:
2310:
2298:
2289:
2253:
2244:
2219:
2203:"Graces Guide"
2194:
2164:
2139:
2126:
2104:
2070:
2045:
2017:
2004:
1991:
1966:
1951:
1932:
1920:
1878:
1865:
1852:
1834:
1795:
1789:Clinker, C.R.
1779:
1765:
1756:
1730:
1700:
1675:
1662:
1649:
1636:
1623:
1606:
1593:
1580:
1565:
1532:
1520:
1495:
1482:
1469:
1456:
1443:
1430:
1417:
1389:
1377:UK Census Data
1363:
1356:
1344:Wells, John C.
1334:
1332:
1329:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1285:
1282:
1256:
1242:
1223:
1220:asylum seekers
1192:
1185:
1173:
1170:
1127:
1124:
1058:
1055:
1035:
1032:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1006:
992:
989:
986:
955:
952:
939:
936:
791:power stations
741:
738:
723:
720:
712:Chelmsley Wood
675:
672:
566:, designed by
529:
528:
498:
495:
493:
490:
458:Middle English
433:(about 1180),
426:
423:
362:
361:
354:52.501; -1.860
329:
328:
323:
318:
313:
311:List of places
307:
304:
303:
301:
300:
294:
292:
286:
285:
282:
281:
276:
270:
269:
264:
258:
257:
252:
246:
245:
242:
241:
238:
232:
231:
226:
220:
219:
216:
210:
209:
208:United Kingdom
206:
200:
199:
192:
186:
185:
183:
182:
176:
174:
168:
167:
165:
164:
158:
156:
150:
149:
147:
146:
140:
138:
132:
131:
129:
128:
122:
120:
114:
113:
104:
98:
97:
94:
87:
86:
83:
79:
78:
69:
63:
62:
55:
54:
48:
47:
46:
45:
42:
41:
34:
26:
25:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4436:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4371:South Yardley
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4050:Bartley Green
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4034:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4009:
4004:
4002:
3997:
3995:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3952:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3908:Weoley Castle
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3823:South Yardley
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3585:Gravelly Hill
3583:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:Cofton Common
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3481:Brandwood End
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3438:Birches Green
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3423:Bartley Green
3421:
3419:
3418:Balsall Heath
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3353:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3305:Twist, Maria
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3202:
3198:
3191:
3188:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3151:on 5 May 2013
3150:
3146:
3145:www.tes.co.uk
3142:
3136:
3133:
3128:
3113:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3058:
3045:
3041:
3035:
3032:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2965:
2962:
2955:
2952:
2940:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2850:. 10 May 2007
2849:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2770:
2769:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2718:on 2 May 2014
2717:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:Collins, P.,
2677:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2636:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2552:
2549:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2427:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2396:
2393:
2390:The Guardian
2389:
2384:
2381:
2369:. 8 July 2016
2368:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2274:
2270:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2122:
2107:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2074:
2071:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:D.Sandbrook,
2008:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1962:
1959:CEGB (1981).
1955:
1952:
1946:
1942:
1936:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1874:Urban History
1869:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1815:(1): 89–103.
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1760:
1757:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1524:
1521:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1406:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:What Was Lost
1250:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1119:Metro-Cammell
1116:
1111:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
990:
987:
984:
983:
982:
979:
977:
973:
968:
964:
961:
953:
951:
949:
945:
937:
935:
933:
929:
924:
921:
915:
913:
908:
905:
900:
898:
893:
891:
887:
883:
879:
877:
873:
869:
865:
859:
857:
852:
850:
845:
840:
838:
834:
830:
825:
824:
821:
817:
816:
815:Staffordshire
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
785:, August 2015
784:
779:
775:
773:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
746:slitting mill
739:
737:
734:
732:
731:
721:
719:
715:
713:
709:
703:
701:
695:
693:
689:
686:, mostly the
685:
681:
673:
671:
669:
665:
657:
653:
648:
640:
633:
628:
620:
612:
604:
596:
592:
589:
585:
582:; the former
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:J. A. Chatwin
565:
556:
550:
546:
541:
533:
527:
523:
519:
516:
515:
514:
512:
503:
496:
491:
489:
487:
483:
477:
475:
463:
459:
455:
454:Eilert Ekwall
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
424:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
398:
368:
358:
327:
326:West Midlands
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3506:Castle Vale
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1168:and ERDF.
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