979:
943:
479:
967:
927:
463:
297:
606:
377:
955:
262:, a purpose-designed rocket with gas, smoke and high-explosive warheads. It, like virtually all German rocket designs, was spin-stabilized to increase accuracy. One very unusual feature was that the rocket motor was in the front, the exhaust venturi being about two-thirds down the body from the nose, with the intent to optimize the blast effect of the rocket as the warhead would still be above the ground when it detonated. This proved to greatly complicate manufacture for not much extra effect and it was not copied on later rocket designs. It was fired from a six-tube launcher mounted on a towed carriage adapted from that used by the
279:
995:
511:. Its fin-stabilized rockets were cheaper and easier to manufacture than the German spin-stabilized designs and used cheaper launch rails. It was also capable of using the considerable stocks of captured Soviet rockets. Separate production lines were set up under party control as the army refused to convert any of its existing factories, but not many actually appear to have been made. Production quantities are unknown, but photographic evidence shows the launcher mounted on lightly armored versions of the
911:
831:. The only way of differentiating those units equipped with mortars during this period from those with rockets being the "d." or "do." suffix added to the designations of the rocket-equipped units. Beginning in November 1941, the eight Decontamination Battalions were fully equipped with 28/32 cm NbW 41 rockets (some had sW.G. 40 and 41 launching frames earlier) and reorganized into three Heavy
35:
795:
in
September 1939. The 1st and 2nd Battalions participated in that campaign, while the 5th remained in Western Germany. One battery of Artillery Regiment 222 was converted to 10 cm NbW 35s and participated in the Norwegian Campaign. By May 1940, five more battalions had been formed, all equipped
404:
42 rocket, which was introduced in 1942, had a longer range (7,850 metres (8,580 yd)) and a simpler design than the smaller 15 cm rocket. It was only made with high-explosive warheads and was fired from a five-tube launcher that used the same carriage as the smaller weapon. Liner rails were
755:
were organized into batteries of six or eight mortars, three batteries per battalion. The towed rocket launchers had six launchers per battery, three batteries per battalion. Usually, three battalions formed a regiment. Midway through the war brigades were formed, each with two regiments. A regiment
442:
42 in 1943. This was intended to replace the 28 and 32 cm rockets, which had too short a range. Advances in propellant chemistry also reduced its smoke signature. It could be fired from all of the same platforms as the older rockets and many of the older launchers were converted to be used with
1079:
In the German army, the rocket artillery was called 'Nebelwerfer' which means 'fog launcher'. There was already an older weapons system with that name, which was used to project artificial fog on the battlefield. Two different kinds of mortars had been developed for this purpose, the
Nebelwerfer 35
692:
caused by the launchers reduced the speed and maneuverability of the launching aircraft, a handicap that could prove fatal if Allied fighters were encountered. Also, the launch tube's underwing mounting setup, which usually aimed the projectile at about 15° upwards from level flight to counter the
730:
After the crew had loaded and aimed the launcher, they had to take cover 10 to 15 metres (11 to 16 yd) away to avoid the exhaust flames, and would fire the rockets with an electric switch. After firing, however, a long streak of smoke was visible from a considerable distance, leaving the
215:
Almost from the beginning, the army wanted more range than the 10 cm NbW 35's 3,000 metres (3,300 yd), but troop trials of two prototypes did not take place until May 1940. Neither was entirely satisfactory, but the best features of both were incorporated into the 10 cm
74:. Initially, two different mortars were fielded before they were replaced by a variety of rocket launchers ranging in size from 15 to 32 centimetres (5.9 to 12.6 in). The thin walls of the rockets had the great advantage of allowing much larger quantities of gases, fluids or
978:
176:
The lower muzzle velocity of a mortar meant that its shell walls could be thinner than those of artillery shells, and it could carry a larger payload than artillery shells of the same weight. This made it an attractive delivery system for poison gases. The U.S. Army's
329:
warhead, while the 32 centimetres (13 in) rockets were incendiary. The maximum range for either rocket was only 2,200 metres (2,400 yd), a severe tactical drawback. Both could be fired from their wooden packing cases or a special wooden
338:
41 (sW.G. 41)) frame. Later, a towed launcher was developed that could take six rockets. Both rockets used the same launchers, but special liner rails had to be used for the 28 centimetres (11 in) rockets. A vehicular launch frame, the
869:-Regiment 71 and sent to North Africa late that year. Most of the second battalion were sent to Tunisia in early 1943, where it surrendered in May. The remainder of the regiment fought in Sicily and mainland Italy for the rest of the war.
568:", or "Mule", half-track). Three hundred of these were produced, split evenly between launchers and ammunition carriers (which were identical except for the launcher). These were superseded in production by the 15 cm
942:
1080:
and the 10cm
Nebelwerfer 40. To disguise the new weapon, it was given the same name as the system already in use. This was probably not intended to be any more than temporary, but the name would linger.
1314:
966:
926:
1768:
994:
364:
on Foot"). Over six hundred thousand rockets and 700 launchers, excluding the sW.G. and sWu.R. firing frames, were made during the war. In total, 345 launchers were built from 1941.
224:
with a recoil mechanism and an integral wheeled carriage. It had twice the range of its predecessor, but was eight times the weight and cost nearly ten times as much: 1,500
1637:
Encyclopedia of German Tanks of World War Two: A Complete
Illustrated Directory of German Battle Tanks, Armoured Cars, Self-propelled Guns, and Semi-tracked Vehicles, 1933–1945
700:
One experimental fitment trial program of up to 33 of the 21 cm (8.3 in) rockets, meant to be fired from a single aircraft in an upwards direction (much like the
954:
846:-Battalion 11 was organized from two batteries already in Finland, including the battery from Artillery Regiment 222 that participated in the invasion of Norway. A new
478:
462:
266:
and had a range of 6,900 metres (7,500 yd). Almost five and a half million 15 cm rockets and 6,000 launchers were manufactured over the course of the war.
2255:
1761:
129:
did remain in use for both systems, which was possibly not originally intended. The loud, shrill howling noise of the incoming rockets led Allied soldiers in the
718:, mounted in the central fuselage and flying below American combat box bomber formations to down them, but the quintet of He 177A-5 airframes set aside for the
123:, which could deliver shells with chemical munitions, as well as high-explosive shells. The same name was then used for later rocket launcher systems. The name
1174:
296:
605:
1707:
1321:
2616:
2519:
1754:
879:
Regiments beginning in mid-1943 and the regiments were paired into brigades beginning in early 1944. In late 1944, the brigades were redesignated as
1954:
1742:
Photo album of
Wehrmacht NCO with photos of 15-cm Nebelwerfer 41, 21-cm Nebelwerfer 42 and 15-cm Panzerwerfer 42 in combat at the Eastern Front.
376:
587:". The exact number built of the latter weapon is unknown, but evidence suggests that fewer than 100 were completed before the end of the war.
1440:
1384:
779:
units in 1943, although they never formed any unit larger than a battalion. These were organized much the same as their Army counterparts.
850:
battery was sent from
Germany to be its third battery at the same time. Both battalions retreated into Northern Norway after the Finnish
88:
were used in every campaign of the German Army during World War II. A version of the 21 cm (8.3 in) calibre system was adapted
178:
1665:
Weapons of the Third Reich: An
Encyclopedic Survey of All Small Arms, Artillery and Special Weapons of the German Land Forces 1939-1945
2621:
1104:
1072:
278:
855:
1672:
1644:
1517:
1196:
1656:
Deutsche
Artillerie 1934-1945: Eine Dokumentation in Text, Skizzen und Bildern: AusrĂĽstung, Gliderung, Ausbildung, FĂĽhrung, Einsatz
1725:
1482:
910:
1964:
1959:
803:
The first 15 cm NbW 41 rocket launchers were delivered in July 1940, forming three new regiments, the 51st, 52nd and 53rd
796:
with 10 cm NbW 35 mortars, filling out the sequence from one to eight, but only the first five were combat ready when the
79:
246:
Rocket development had begun during the 1920s and reached fruition in the late thirties. This offered the opportunity for the
149:
artillery. Nebel did, however, develop a powder-based rocket system with the same name that he used as a fighter pilot during
2392:
2377:
823:
on 29 April 1941 with two battalions, one each with 10 cm NbW 35 mortars and 15 cm NbW 41 rockets. The independent
688:
formations in order to enable more effective German fighter attacks against the scattered Allied aircraft. However, the high
641:
1242:
1512:. German World War II Organizational Series. Vol. 1/III. Milton Keyes, Buckinghamshire: Military Press. p. 40.
349:(sWu.R. 40), was also designed to improve the mobility of the heavy rockets. These were normally mounted on the sides of
2220:
2082:
2072:
2010:
2005:
1974:
1349:
842:
Battalion was formed from the 104th
Decontamination Battalion and sent to 20th Mountain Army in Finland. In late 1943,
674:. Photographic evidence indicates that the Hungarians fitted three tubes under each wing of some of their twin-engined
2108:
575:
505:
2000:
1717:
1456:
2473:
2103:
1979:
1034:
356:, but they were also adapted for several different captured French tracked vehicles. The sWuR 40 was nicknamed the
2387:
2382:
2611:
2478:
2453:
2448:
2397:
1599:
130:
1433:
Leichter
Zugkraftwagen 1 t: (Sd.Kfz. 10) Ausf.A and B and Variants: Development and Employment from 1935 to 1945
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2372:
1019:
498:
143:
and rocket builder whose last name translates as "fog", is sometimes incorrectly named as the inventor of the
2559:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2195:
2133:
2113:
2098:
1969:
1883:
791:
Battalions, each equipped with 24 10 cm Nbw 35 mortars in three batteries, were ready when the Germans
312:
300:
65:
2143:
1933:
679:
444:
443:
the newer rocket by installing adapter rails, although it also had its own purpose-designed launcher, the
410:
286:
325:. They used the same motor, but carried different warheads. The 28 centimetres (11 in) rocket had a
2407:
221:
2326:
2306:
2534:
2138:
2128:
2123:
2062:
2057:
2031:
2026:
1878:
1802:
1124:
828:
736:
664:
660:
649:
471:
433:
395:
380:
322:
241:
210:
194:
171:
116:
2118:
541:
units, a ten-tube 15 centimetres (5.9 in) launcher was mounted on a lightly armored Sd.Kfz. 4 "
2503:
2321:
2316:
1733:
78:
to be delivered than artillery or even mortar shells of the same weight. With the exception of the
1564:. German World War II Organizational Series. Vol. 3/II. Hannover: Niehorster. pp. 32–33.
2301:
2215:
792:
326:
182:
2270:
2265:
1807:
827:
Battalions retained their mortars with the exception of the 8th, which received rockets before
2483:
2296:
1918:
1668:
1640:
1549:. German World War II Organizational Series. Vol. 2/II. Hannover: Niehorster. p. 33.
1513:
1436:
1400:
1380:
1192:
1100:
1068:
1040:
653:
633:
610:
600:
414:
89:
583:
SWS), which had improved cross-country mobility and had greater ammunition storage than the "
2529:
2210:
1893:
1698:
1065:
The Drive on Moscow, 1941: Operation Taifun And Germany's First Great Crisis Of World War II
1030:
851:
797:
702:
656:
259:
109:
s name, which translates as "fog launcher", had previously been given to a smoke-generating
405:
used to allow it to fire the smaller 15 cm rocket. It was also adapted for use by the
254:
or smoke simultaneously. The first weapon to be delivered to the troops was the 15 cm
2590:
2585:
2569:
2564:
2544:
2412:
2336:
2291:
2286:
2260:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2205:
2200:
2164:
2067:
985:
740:
190:
807:
Regiments, each with three battalions. The 54th Regiment was formed from the 1st and 7th
2549:
2539:
2524:
2367:
2311:
2182:
2036:
1938:
1863:
1847:
1149:
711:
689:
451:. Fewer than two hundred thousand rockets and 700 launchers were built during the war.
75:
1741:
2605:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2362:
2331:
2148:
1928:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1873:
1868:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1797:
1005:
667:
343:
263:
2554:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2175:
2169:
2077:
2041:
1984:
1923:
1778:
1746:
1025:
670:(two launch tubes under each wing) and was the first air-to-air rocket used by the
532:
388:
136:
61:
58:
1486:
722:
program only flew as experimental airframes, seeing no active combat deployment.
2357:
2352:
1888:
1817:
1812:
1792:
1246:
694:
353:
350:
150:
2189:
1095:
Bergström, Christer (3 November 2014). "Glossary and Guide to Abbreviations".
760:
battery of six to eight vehicles. From 1942, their designations changed from "
685:
546:
251:
225:
1409:
Dornberger claims the Nebelwerfer was used against 1944 raids on Schweinfurt.
1353:
772:
671:
557:
520:
512:
494:
487:
406:
17:
1630:(in English and German). Vol. 30. NeumĂĽnster: Nuts & Bolts Verlag.
1435:. Panzer Tracts. Vol. 22–1. Boyds, MD: Panzer Tracts. pp. 38–40.
1460:
2402:
883:
Brigades although no organizational changes occurred. A total of fifteen
420:. Over four hundred thousand rockets and 1,400 launchers were completed.
64:
series of weapons. They were initially developed by and assigned to the
290:
140:
34:
1191:. Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, UK: Albatros Publications. p. 10.
697:
of the projectile in flight after launch, added to the drag problem.
682:
675:
1682:
Kameradschaft der ABC-Abwehr, Nebel- und Werfertruppen e.V. (2001).
865:
Battalion was given rockets, redesignated as the first battalion of
438:
The last German-designed rocket to be introduced was the 30 cm
820:
604:
477:
461:
375:
361:
295:
277:
33:
561:
133:
to give it the nicknames "Screaming Mimi" and "Moaning Minnie".
1750:
1063:
Zetterling, Niklas; Frankson, Anders (7 May 2013). "Cutt Off".
1626:
Baschin, J.; Block, M.; Nelson, J. & Tippmann, H. (2013).
1686:. Kameradschaft der ABC-Abwehr, Nebel- und Werfertruppen e.V.
1547:
Mechanized GHQ Units and Waffen-SS Formations (10th May 1940)
1562:
Mechanized GHQ Units and Waffen-SS Formations (22 June 1941)
1175:
125. Geburtstag von Rudolf Nebel: Pionier der Raketentechnik
1243:"German Weapon and Ammunition Production 1 Sep 39-1 Apr 45"
497:
decided to copy the Soviet 82-millimetre (3.2 in) M-8
1510:
Higher Headquarters - GHQ - Units - Static Units (1.09.39)
1189:
Halberstadt Fighters - Classics of WWI Aviation, Volume 1
1125:"The weapons used, feared and threatened in Ukraine war"
678:
Ca-1 heavy fighters. The rockets were used to break up
1111:
Nebelwerfer (fog launcher), German rocket artillery.
2578:
2512:
2421:
2345:
2279:
2157:
2091:
2050:
2019:
1993:
1947:
1856:
1785:
1639:(Revised ed.). London: Arms and Armour Press.
189:shared that reasoning. Its first weapon was also a
1726:Independent Nebelwerfer Units of the Waffen-SS on
1097:The Ardennes, 1944-1945: Hitler's Winter Offensive
632:" in official Luftwaffe manuals) was an unguided
1483:"Independent Nebelwerfer Units of the Waffen-SS"
1067:(1 ed.). Casemate Publishers. p. 109.
1058:
1056:
1090:
1088:
1762:
1654:Englemann, Joachim; Scheibert, Horst (1974).
1635:Chamberlain, Peter; Doyle, Hilary L. (1993).
659:(one launch tube under each wing) and on the
334:40 – heavy missile device) or tubular metal (
38:Allied intelligence diagram of a 10 cm NbW 40
8:
1684:Die Nebel- und Werfertruppe (Regimentsbögen)
1004:42 on display next to its Allied rival, the
984:A 28/32 cm rocket in flight during the
470:launchers fires at German forces during the
144:
124:
110:
101:
83:
69:
44:
1344:
1342:
321:41 rockets were introduced in 1941, before
1769:
1755:
1747:
1663:Gander, Terry; Chamberlain, Peter (1979).
1379:. Hinckley, England: Midland. p. 45.
891:Brigades were formed, plus one Positional
1699:U.S. World War II Intelligence Report on
1407:. Esslingan: Bechtle Verlag. p. 262.
1150:"Germany's Rocket and Recoilless Weapons"
628:(BR believed to be the abbreviation for "
1375:Petrick, Peter; Stocker, Werner (2007).
988:, with piles of spent cases on the right
1052:
906:
1658:. Limburg/Lahn, Germany: C. A. Starke.
771:As part of its general expansion, the
636:version of the projectile used in the
1712:21 rocket use on late-model Fw 190 As
1282:
1280:
838:During early 1942, the 10th Mountain
710:night fighters) was proposed for the
613:being loaded with a Wfr.Gr. 21 rocket
7:
1426:
1424:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1210:
1208:
948:Loading a 15 cm NbW 41 in Italy
1600:"Die Werfer-Brigaden der Wehrmacht"
1320:. 10 September 1944. Archived from
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
706:upward firing autocannon on German
228:vs 14,000 â„›︁â„ł︁.
51:
1628:Nebel-, Panzer- und Vielfachwacher
1418:Gander and Chamberlain, pp. 321-22
1377:Messerschmitt Me 210/Me 410 Hornet
1295:Chamberlain and Ellis, pp. 224–225
743:as soon as possible after firing.
185:for precisely that reason and the
25:
2617:World War II artillery of Germany
875:batteries began to reinforce the
741:to relocate the launcher and crew
413:bomber formations in 1943 as the
1123:Mongáin, Colm Ó (6 April 2022).
993:
977:
965:
953:
941:
925:
909:
756:was sometimes reinforced with a
972:Unloading 28/32 cm rockets
624:(Wfr. Gr. 21), also called the
537:To improve the mobility of the
250:to deliver large quantities of
115:35, and was later used for the
2280:Superheavy and siege artillery
1560:Niehorster, Leo W. G. (1992).
1545:Niehorster, Leo W. G. (1990).
1508:Niehorster, Leo W. G. (2004).
1315:"Sonderwaffenanlage: 21 cm BR"
1274:Gander and Chamberlain, p. 322
1223:Gander and Chamberlain, p. 321
1214:Gander and Chamberlain, p. 298
197:, which was designed in 1934.
153:, downing two British planes.
1:
1304:Chamberlain and Ellis, p. 180
1286:Chamberlain and Ellis, p. 188
856:Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive
815:Regiment was formed from the
739:. It was therefore necessary
640:42 and was first used in the
220:40. This was a very advanced
2520:2 cm Flak 30/38/Flakvierling
2158:Field, medium and heavy guns
2083:38 cm schwerer Ladungswerfer
854:in September 1944 after the
2109:8 cm Raketen-Vielfachwerfer
1587:Die Nebel- und Werfertruppe
1575:Die Nebel- und Werfertruppe
1533:Die Nebel- und Werfertruppe
1035:7.2-Inch Demolition Rockets
576:Schwerer Wehrmachtschlepper
2638:
2474:15 cm TbtsK C/36 naval gun
2104:7.3 cm Propagandawerfer 41
1948:Infantry and mountain guns
1718:Army Nebelwerfer Units on
1405:V2--Der Schuss ins Weltall
960:Loading 30 cm rockets
751:Generally, mortars of the
598:
549:chassis as the 15 cm
530:
431:
393:
310:
239:
208:
169:
2622:Multiple rocket launchers
2479:20.3 cm SK C/34 naval gun
2454:12.7 cm SK C/34 naval gun
2449:10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun
1431:Jentz, Thomas L. (2009).
899:Brigade) during the war.
2444:8.8 cm SK C/35 naval gun
2439:8.8 cm SK C/32 naval gun
2434:8.8 cm SK C/30 naval gun
2429:8.8 cm SK L/45 naval gun
1457:"Army Nebelwerfer Units"
1187:Grosz, Peter M. (1996).
1099:. Casemate. p. 12.
183:4.2-inch chemical mortar
179:Chemical Warfare Service
92:against Allied bombers.
2560:8.8 cm Flak 18/36/37/41
2499:38 cm SK C/34 naval gun
2494:28 cm SK C/34 naval gun
2489:28 cm SK C/28 naval gun
2114:8.8 cm Raketenwerfer 43
1667:. New York: Doubleday.
644:on 17 August 1943. The
591:Air-to-air adaptation (
313:28/32 cm Nebelwerfer 41
29:German rocket artillery
2144:30 cm Raketenwerfer 56
903:Images of Nebelwerfers
800:began on 10 May 1940.
783:Organizational history
775:began to form its own
642:defense of Schweinfurt
614:
519:" and captured French
508:Raketen-Vielfachwerfer
490:
486:launcher mounted on a
484:Raketen-Vielfachwerfer
475:
457:Raketen-Vielfachwerfer
391:
308:
293:
258:41 in 1940, after the
145:
125:
111:
102:
84:
70:
45:
39:
2408:38 cm Siegfried K (E)
1736:Lexikon der Wehrmacht
1708:Luftwaffe manual for
1154:Intelligence Bulletin
787:The 1st, 2nd and 5th
608:
555:auf Selbstfahrlafette
481:
465:
379:
299:
281:
222:breech-loading weapon
55: "fog launcher"
37:
2535:3.7 cm Flak 18/36/37
1777:German artillery of
829:Operation Barbarossa
737:counter-battery fire
665:Messerschmitt Me 410
661:Messerschmitt Bf 110
650:Messerschmitt Bf 109
472:Battle of Stalingrad
434:30 cm Nebelwerfer 42
396:21 cm Nebelwerfer 42
323:Operation Barbarossa
287:MĂ©morial du Souvenir
242:15 cm Nebelwerfer 41
211:10 cm Nebelwerfer 40
195:10 cm Nebelwerfer 35
172:10 cm Nebelwerfer 35
2525:2 cm Gebirgsflak 38
2504:40.6 cm SK C/34 gun
2322:35.5 cm Haubitze M1
1350:"Rockets of Bf 109"
2579:Demolition charges
2513:Anti-aircraft guns
2413:80 cm K (E) Gustav
2346:Railroad artillery
2337:80 cm K (E) Gustav
2327:42 cm Gamma Mörser
2216:10.5 cm leFH 18/40
1489:on 7 February 2009
1463:on 6 February 2009
1401:Dornberger, Walter
1013:Comparable systems
615:
491:
476:
392:
336:schweres Wurfgerät
332:schweres Wurfgerät
317:The 28/32 cm
309:
294:
283:Schweres Wurfgerät
226:â„›︁â„ł︁
90:for air-to-air use
40:
2599:
2598:
2484:28 cm SK L/40 gun
2307:24 cm Kanone L/46
2099:7.3 cm Föhn-Gerät
1919:7.62 cm Pak 36(r)
1884:4.7 cm Pak 181(f)
1442:978-0-9815382-5-9
1386:978-1-85780-271-9
654:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
634:air-to-air rocket
601:Werfer-Granate 21
16:(Redirected from
2629:
2612:Rocket artillery
2530:3 cm MK 303 Flak
2388:28 cm lgBr K (E)
2383:28 cm kzBr K (E)
2378:24 cm ThBr K (E)
2221:10.5 cm sK 18/40
2211:10.5 cm leFH 18M
2092:Rocket artillery
1894:7.5 cm Pak 97/38
1879:4.7 cm Pak 38(t)
1808:3.7 cm KwK 38(t)
1803:3,7 cm KwK 34(t)
1771:
1764:
1757:
1748:
1687:
1678:
1659:
1650:
1631:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1485:. Archived from
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1459:. Archived from
1453:
1447:
1446:
1428:
1419:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1352:. Archived from
1346:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1327:on 20 March 2009
1326:
1319:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1275:
1272:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1249:on 21 April 2012
1245:. Archived from
1239:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1060:
1031:T40/M17 Whizbang
997:
981:
969:
957:
945:
936:rocket in flight
929:
913:
897:Stellungs-Werfer
811:Battalions. The
798:Battle of France
581:Panzerwerfer auf
474:, 6 October 1942
260:Battle of France
181:developed their
148:
128:
114:
108:
105:
87:
80:Balkans Campaign
73:
56:
53:
48:
21:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2591:Stielgranate 42
2586:Stielgranate 41
2574:
2570:12.8 cm Flak 40
2565:10.5 cm Flak 38
2545:3.7 cm Flak M42
2508:
2422:Naval artillery
2417:
2398:28 cm Br NK (E)
2393:28 cm sBr K (E)
2341:
2275:
2206:10.5 cm leFH 18
2201:10.5 cm leFH 16
2165:7.5 cm FK 16 nA
2153:
2134:28/32 cm NbW 41
2087:
2046:
2015:
1994:Recoilless guns
1989:
1980:10.5 cm GebH 40
1943:
1852:
1781:
1775:
1734:Nebeltruppe on
1695:
1690:
1681:
1675:
1662:
1653:
1647:
1634:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1569:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1278:
1273:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1177:Deutschlandfunk
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1075:
1062:
1061:
1054:
1049:
1037:(United States)
1015:
1008:
998:
989:
986:Warsaw Uprising
982:
973:
970:
961:
958:
949:
946:
937:
930:
921:
914:
905:
785:
749:
728:
648:was mounted on
603:
597:
535:
529:
504:as the 24-rail
502:rocket launcher
460:
436:
430:
400:The 21 cm
398:
374:
315:
307:rocket launcher
276:
244:
238:
213:
207:
174:
168:
159:
131:Sicily campaign
106:
98:
76:high explosives
54:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2635:
2633:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2604:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2550:3.7 cm Flak 43
2547:
2542:
2540:3.7 cm SK C/30
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2373:24 cm Th K (E)
2370:
2368:21 cm K 12 (E)
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2186:
2183:7.5 cm FK 7M85
2179:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2119:15 cm Do-Gerät
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2039:
2037:kz 8 cm GrW 42
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1975:7.5 cm GebG 36
1972:
1970:7.5 cm GebH 34
1967:
1962:
1957:
1955:7.5 cm leIG 18
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1939:12.8 cm Pak 44
1936:
1934:10 cm PAW 1000
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1864:2.8 cm sPzB 41
1860:
1858:
1857:Anti-tank guns
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1848:12.8 cm KwK 44
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1731:
1723:
1715:
1710:Werfer-Granate
1705:
1694:
1693:External links
1691:
1689:
1688:
1679:
1673:
1660:
1651:
1645:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1591:
1579:
1567:
1552:
1537:
1525:
1518:
1500:
1474:
1448:
1441:
1420:
1411:
1392:
1385:
1367:
1356:on 8 June 2007
1338:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1276:
1260:
1225:
1216:
1204:
1197:
1179:
1167:
1141:
1115:
1106:978-1612002774
1105:
1084:
1074:978-1480406629
1073:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1028:
1023:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
999:
992:
990:
983:
976:
974:
971:
964:
962:
959:
952:
950:
947:
940:
938:
931:
924:
922:
915:
908:
904:
901:
793:invaded Poland
784:
781:
748:
745:
735:vulnerable to
727:
724:
720:Grosszerstörer
716:Grosszerstörer
712:Heinkel He 177
695:ballistic drop
668:heavy fighters
599:Main article:
596:
593:Werfer-Granate
589:
560:(based on the
531:Main article:
528:
525:
459:
453:
432:Main article:
429:
422:
416:Werfer-Granate
394:Main article:
373:
366:
311:Main article:
275:
268:
240:Main article:
237:
230:
209:Main article:
206:
199:
170:Main article:
167:
160:
158:
155:
97:
94:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2634:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:15 cm SK C/28
2467:
2465:
2464:15 cm SK C/25
2462:
2460:
2459:15 cm SK L/45
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2403:28 cm K 5 (E)
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2363:20.3 cm K (E)
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2256:15 cm SK C/28
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2149:Wurfrahmen 40
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2051:Heavy mortars
2049:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2027:5 cm leGrW 36
2025:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2011:10.5 cm LG 42
2009:
2007:
2006:10.5 cm LG 40
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1929:8.8 cm Pak 43
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1914:7.5 cm Pak 42
1912:
1910:
1909:7.5 cm Pak 41
1907:
1905:
1904:7.5 cm Pak 40
1902:
1900:
1899:7.5 cm Pak 39
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:4.2 cm Pak 41
1872:
1870:
1869:3.7 cm Pak 36
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:8.8 cm KwK 43
1841:
1839:
1838:8.8 cm KwK 36
1836:
1834:
1833:7.5 cm KwK 42
1831:
1829:
1828:7.5 cm KwK 40
1826:
1824:
1823:7.5 cm KwK 37
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1798:3.7 cm KwK 36
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1760:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1674:0-385-15090-3
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1646:1-85409-214-6
1642:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1589:, pp. 261-312
1588:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1548:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1519:0-85420-249-8
1515:
1511:
1504:
1501:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1388:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1323:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:0-948414-86-3
1194:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1155:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1042:
1041:Land Mattress
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1006:Land Mattress
1003:
1000:A 21 cm
996:
991:
987:
980:
975:
968:
963:
956:
951:
944:
939:
935:
928:
923:
919:
912:
907:
902:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
801:
799:
794:
790:
782:
780:
778:
774:
769:
767:
764:" to simply "
763:
759:
754:
746:
744:
742:
738:
734:
726:Use in combat
725:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:
703:Schräge Musik
698:
696:
693:considerable
691:
687:
684:
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:
662:
658:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:21 cm BR
623:
621:
620:Werfergranate
612:
607:
602:
594:
590:
588:
586:
582:
578:
577:
571:
567:
563:
559:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
534:
526:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:
503:
501:
496:
489:
485:
480:
473:
469:
466:A battery of
464:
458:
454:
452:
450:
448:
447:Raketenwerfer
441:
435:
427:
423:
421:
419:
417:
412:
408:
403:
397:
390:
386:
384:
378:
371:
367:
365:
363:
359:
355:
352:
348:
346:
342:
337:
333:
328:
324:
320:
314:
306:
304:
298:
292:
288:
284:
280:
273:
269:
267:
265:
264:3.7 cm PaK 36
261:
257:
253:
249:
243:
235:
231:
229:
227:
223:
219:
212:
204:
200:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
173:
165:
161:
156:
154:
152:
147:
142:
138:
134:
132:
127:
122:
120:
113:
104:
95:
93:
91:
86:
81:
77:
72:
67:
63:
60:
49:
47:
36:
32:
27:
19:
2555:5 cm Flak 41
2317:28 cm H L/12
2271:21 cm Mrs 18
2266:21 cm Mrs 16
2236:15 cm sFH 36
2231:15 cm sFH 18
2226:15 cm sFH 13
2188:
2181:
2176:7.5 cm FK 38
2174:
2170:7.5 cm FK 18
2139:30 cm NbW 42
2129:21 cm NbW 42
2124:15 cm NbW 41
2078:21 cm GrW 69
2073:20 cm leLdgW
2068:12 cm GrW 42
2063:10 cm NbW 40
2058:10 cm NbW 35
2042:Reihenwerfer
2001:7.5 cm LG 40
1985:15 cm sIG 33
1965:7.5 cm IG 42
1960:7.5 cm IG 37
1924:8 cm PAW 600
1779:World War II
1735:
1727:
1719:
1709:
1700:
1683:
1664:
1655:
1636:
1627:
1604:. Retrieved
1594:
1586:
1582:
1577:, pp. 362–71
1574:
1570:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1540:
1532:
1528:
1509:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1487:the original
1477:
1465:. Retrieved
1461:the original
1451:
1432:
1414:
1404:
1395:
1376:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1354:the original
1329:. Retrieved
1322:the original
1309:
1300:
1291:
1251:. Retrieved
1247:the original
1219:
1188:
1182:
1170:
1158:. Retrieved
1156:. March 1945
1153:
1144:
1132:. Retrieved
1128:
1118:
1110:
1096:
1078:
1064:
1026:T34 Calliope
1018:
1001:
933:
917:
896:
892:
889:Volks-Werfer
888:
884:
881:Volks-Werfer
880:
876:
873:Panzerwerfer
872:
871:
866:
862:
860:
848:Panzerwerfer
847:
843:
839:
837:
832:
824:
817:Nebeltruppen
816:
812:
808:
804:
802:
788:
786:
776:
770:
765:
761:
758:Panzerwerfer
757:
753:Nebeltruppen
752:
750:
747:Organization
732:
729:
719:
715:
707:
701:
699:
645:
637:
629:
625:
619:
618:
616:
592:
584:
580:
573:
570:Panzerwerfer
569:
565:
554:
551:Panzerwerfer
550:
542:
538:
536:
533:Panzerwerfer
527:Panzerwerfer
523:half-track.
516:
507:
499:
492:
483:
467:
456:
446:
439:
437:
425:
415:
409:to break up
401:
399:
389:North Africa
387:launcher in
382:
369:
358:Stuka-zu-FuĂź
357:
344:
340:
335:
331:
318:
316:
302:
282:
271:
255:
248:Nebeltruppen
247:
245:
233:
217:
214:
202:
187:Nebeltruppen
186:
175:
163:
137:Rudolf Nebel
135:
118:
99:
71:Nebeltruppen
59:World War II
43:
41:
31:
26:
18:Nebelwerfers
2358:17 cm K (E)
2353:15 cm K (E)
2302:24 cm K (t)
2196:10 cm sK 18
2032:8 cm GrW 34
1889:5 cm Pak 38
1818:5 cm KwK 39
1813:5 cm KwK 38
1793:2 cm KwK 30
1701:Nebelwerfer
1602:(in German)
1002:Nebelwerfer
934:Nebelwerfer
932:30 cm
918:Nebelwerfer
916:30 cm
863:Nebelwerfer
835:Regiments.
825:Nebelwerfer
809:Nebelwerfer
805:Nebelwerfer
789:Nebelwerfer
762:Nebelwerfer
733:Nebelwerfer
646:Wfr. Gr. 21
638:Nebelwerfer
558:Sd.Kfz. 4/1
539:Nebelwerfer
440:Nebelwerfer
426:Nebelwerfer
402:Nebelwerfer
383:Nebelwerfer
370:Nebelwerfer
354:half-tracks
351:Sd.Kfz. 251
319:Nebelwerfer
303:Nebelwerfer
272:Nebelwerfer
256:Nebelwerfer
234:Nebelwerfer
218:Nebelwerfer
203:Nebelwerfer
164:Nebelwerfer
151:World War I
146:Nebelwerfer
139:, a German
126:Nebelwerfer
119:Nebelwerfer
112:Nebelwerfer
103:Nebelwerfer
85:Nebelwerfer
46:Nebelwerfer
2606:Categories
2332:Karl-Gerät
2297:24 cm H 39
2292:21 cm K 39
2287:21 cm K 38
2261:17 cm K 18
2251:15 cm K 39
2246:15 cm K 18
2241:15 cm K 16
2190:10 cm K 17
1728:Panzerkeil
1720:Panzerkeil
1714:-in German
1619:References
819:school in
813:Nebel-Lehr
708:Nachtjäger
686:combat box
630:Bordrakete
595:21 rocket)
547:half-track
345:Wurfrahmen
252:poison gas
2312:24 cm K 3
1786:Tank guns
1033:, firing
920:42 rocket
895:Brigade (
852:armistice
773:Waffen-SS
714:A as the
672:Luftwaffe
521:SOMUA MCG
513:Sd.Kfz. 4
495:Waffen-SS
488:SOMUA MCG
407:Luftwaffe
301:28/32 cm
270:28/32 cm
1535:, p. 366
1403:(1952).
1020:Katyusha
861:The 9th
657:fighters
585:Maultier
566:Maultier
543:Maultier
517:Maultier
500:Katyusha
468:Katyusha
57:) was a
2020:Mortars
1331:19 July
1134:18 July
341:schwere
291:Dunkirk
157:Weapons
141:aviator
52:transl.
1671:
1643:
1606:27 May
1516:
1493:26 May
1467:26 May
1439:
1383:
1360:5 June
1253:23 May
1195:
1160:24 May
1103:
1071:
893:Werfer
885:Werfer
877:Werfer
867:Werfer
844:Werfer
840:Werfer
833:Werfer
777:Werfer
766:Werfer
683:bomber
680:Allied
676:Me 210
611:Fw 190
445:30 cm
424:30 cm
411:Allied
381:21 cm
368:21 cm
232:15 cm
201:10 cm
193:, the
191:mortar
162:10 cm
117:10 cm
62:German
1325:(PDF)
1318:(PDF)
1047:Notes
821:Celle
506:8 cm
482:8 cm
455:8 cm
362:Stuka
107:'
1669:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1608:2009
1514:ISBN
1495:2009
1469:2009
1437:ISBN
1381:ISBN
1362:2007
1333:2023
1255:2009
1193:ISBN
1162:2009
1136:2023
1101:ISBN
1069:ISBN
887:and
690:drag
663:and
652:and
617:The
574:auf
562:Opel
493:The
285:41,
100:The
96:Name
66:Army
42:The
1129:RTÉ
768:".
572:42
553:42
68:'s
2608::
1703:41
1423:^
1341:^
1279:^
1263:^
1228:^
1207:^
1152:.
1127:.
1109:.
1087:^
1077:.
1055:^
858:.
622:21
609:A
545:"
449:56
428:42
418:21
385:42
372:42
360:("
347:40
327:HE
305:41
289:,
274:41
236:41
205:40
166:35
121:40
82:,
1770:e
1763:t
1756:v
1677:.
1649:.
1610:.
1522:.
1497:.
1471:.
1445:.
1389:.
1364:.
1335:.
1257:.
1201:.
1164:.
1138:.
579:(
564:"
515:"
330:(
50:(
20:)
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