48:
60:
132:
47:
74:
86:
585:
147:
573:
163:
116:
105:
320:, sent their drawings, but these were not welcomed positively. Hence, in 1778, Catherine said she wanted to hire two Italian architects, since "the Frenchmen we have here know too much and build dreadful houses – because they know too much." In 1779, she commissioned her ministers, Baron
347:, arrived at the court of Catherine. Within a few years, neoclassicism in Russia, which in its first phase had drawn ideas from the French architecture of the mid-eighteenth century, turned its attention to the interpretive experiences of the
406:
forced him to absolute sobriety, so at
Pavlovsk became prominent the use of white and gold. However, Cameron could not comply to the impositions of the new taste. Between 1786 and 1789 Cameron's duties in Pavlovsk passed to the Italian
193:
as well. Her embrace of the neo-classicism current linked her capital to ancient Rome, and this phenomenon was particularly encouraged by poetic allusions to St. Petersburg as similar to the ancient city, and the empress as the goddess
216:
to recreate a new "Christian
Byzantium". According to William Brumfield, the neoclassical revival in Russian architecture was an "expression of nostalgia for bygone cultural values, and a reformulated sense of imperial monumentality."
468:
in
Vatican City, here were then inserted the copies of the drawings of the ceilings. Copies of which were commissioned in 1778 by the Empress to von Grimm who, through Reiffenstein, did reproduce in Rome copies of life-sized
288:. This idealistic experiment, inspired by the Enlightenment movement, was aimed at creating the "ideal citizen" through the recovery of thousands of orphans who were to receive an adequate education. The project of the
184:
As part of the
European cosmopolitan class of the 18th century, Catherine set the tone of Russian social and intellectual life during her long reign. The Catherinian Era was a turning point in terms of the education of
514:. The building, consisting of a main building and two adjoining wings complemented by side pavilions, in perfect adherence to the Palladian villa type, served as a model for innumerable manors scattered across the
501:
in Moscow (1790–1797). Quarenghi had built numerous palaces and brought into vogue an original monumental style, of
Palladian inspiration, which was a reference for many architects who worked in Russia, among them
492:
and in the inside the elegant proportions and the solemnity of the spaces remind the taste of ancient Rome. In those years
Quarenghi was also busy, after the interventions of the Russian architect Karl Blank and
564:, that the sovereign had chosen as a dwelling. The emperor's wife Maria Feodorovna had tried to introduce into his home the refinements she had known in her visit to France in 1782.
552:
Catherine the Great died in 1796, and her son Paul became
Emperor; but he had shown signs of mental instability, and it did not last long. His reforms had limited the rights of the
392:
312:, announcing a contest which asked the architects to design a house in which they were present, at the same time, forms of both Greek and Roman antiquities. Two French academics,
411:, hired by Paul in 1782. In the meantime Quarenghi became the official architect of Catherine II, and between the 1780 and 1785 transformed St. Petersburg into a classical city.
204:
Augustus said that he found Rome built of brick and would leave it built of marble; I say that I found
Petersburg virtually wooden and will leave its buildings dressed in marble.
403:
1198:
1414:
1889:
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280:. In those years, the empress and Betskoy, who had been a regular patron of a public education system in Russia, had conceived the ambitious project to build an
2370:
436:, which became the model to which inspire in Russia up to the beginning of 19th century for the villas in the countryside. Between 1782 and 1785 he built the
2360:
367:, among other artists and architects who helped shape his interest and expertise in Palladian architecture. Together with Cameron, he first worked on the
1154:
The classical models brought by
European architects to the development of the St. Petersburg and the reconstruction of Mosco after the Great Fire of 1812
1106:
Alekseevna, Molokova
Tatyana (June 1, 2012). Telichenko, Valery Ivanovich; Korol, Elena Anatolievna; Dyadicheva, Anna A.; Bernikova, Tat'yana V. (eds.).
1976:
484:, given the importance of the building, the author gives the monument a majestic appearance. Different was the architect's attitude in the most sober
208:
Scholars recognize that, regardless of the motivation, Catherine found in architecture an embodiment for her aspirations, particularly the so-called
2030:
1998:
1407:
1174:
1092:
1030:
674:
596:. In subsequent decades much of the city was rebuilt in the neoclassical style, under the supervision of Italian-Russian architects such as
1894:
560:. The most significant innovation was the change of taste of which the best example has been reflected in the care of the interior of the
536:
309:
1601:
321:
2132:
1921:
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1161:. Vol. 17. Sofia, Bulgaria: SWS International Scientific Conferences on Social Sciences, Arts & Humanities. pp. 59–66.
930:
884:
774:
749:
695:
647:
189:, particularly in the fields of art and literature. French became the court language, and along with the language came the ideas of
59:
2003:
1983:
1850:
1764:
1434:
1400:
262:
242:
2365:
1872:
359:
At the invitation of Catherine's agents in 1779, Giacomo Quarenghi arrived in St. Petersburg along with the Scottish architect
198:. These Roman references must have galvanized her ideas, finally declaring in a letter to Frau Johanna Dorothea Bielcke (1770):
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261:, the search for new compositional schemes can be observed. In 1763 Catherine commissioned the French architect
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Dal mito al progetto. La cultura architettonica dei maestri italiani e ticinesi nella Russia neoclassica
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300:, was the architect who had built the first neoclassical buildings in Moscow, including said orphanage.
73:
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But if Cameron had been successful for the display of his fanciful polychrome, the heirs of Catherine
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44:, which was undergoing its transformation into a modern capital throughout the reign of Catherine II.
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1122:(6). Moscow, Russia: Moscow State University of Civil Engineering/ASB Publishing House, LLC.: 17–22.
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1157:. 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM 2017.
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Appendice documentaria sul viaggio in Russia di Giacomo Quarenghi e Giacomo Trombara nell'anno 1779
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364:
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From 1764, the Academy was directed by the philanthropist and councilor for education of Catherine
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of St. Petersburg in Rome, to find the two architects. The same year, two Italians architects,
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International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences & Arts Sgem
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1110:[Reconstruction of Moscow after the 1812 fire of Moscow: New look of the city]
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had built the Chinese Palace (1762–1768) (which presented a mixture of elements of
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2015:
1733:
1711:
1371:
556:, and in 1801 he was assassinated by a group of conspirators, including his son
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162:
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2020:
1118:. Архитектура и градостроительство. Реконструкция и реставрация (in Russian).
963:
635:
293:
115:
1184:
1137:
742:
The Most Intentional City: St. Petersburg in the Reign of Catherine the Great
273:
in St. Petersburg. In 1766, De La Mothe became the official court architect.
2244:
1749:
794:
From Petipa to Balanchine: Classical Revival and the Modernisation of Ballet
281:
249:) (1762–1774). In this cylindrical pavilion, which had 3 branching wings, a
104:
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Quarenghi had designed and built a place that was the exact replica of the
1392:
2213:
2152:
2085:
531:
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The Empress of Art: Catherine the Great and the Transformation of Russia
534:
architect, among other things, had translated into Russian the treatise
488:(1783–1789) where the outside, unadorned, is marked by a heavy porch in
363:. He was a renowned neoclassical architect, having studied in Rome with
2090:
1208:
445:
415:
375:. Specifically, this entailed the construction of a two-story gallery (
195:
414:
As first assignment, in 1779 Catherine commissioned the architect of
98:
879:, vol. 1, Mendrisio, Edizioni dell’Accademia di architettura, 2004,
391:
which, in its original version, became one of the first examples of
225:
In 1762, the Empress had ordered the construction of the palace of
24:
developed in the second half of the 18th century, especially after
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130:
114:
103:
84:
72:
58:
46:
1108:"Восстановление Москвы после пожара 1812 г.: новый облик города"
480:
In 1783, Quarenghi designed the Palace of the State Bank on the
250:
1396:
1212:
829:– Baroque and Postbaroque in England, Italy, and France, 1955,
686:– Baroque and Postbaroque in England, Italy, and France, 1955,
522:'s architecture represented the second, "strict" generation of
1449:
744:. Cranbury: Farleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 233.
1025:(Золотой век барокко и классицизма в Санкт-Петербургу), 2008
997:
Raffaello Sanzio a San Pietroburgo per ordine della zarina
923:
Historical Dictionary of Neoclassical Art and Architecture
909:
A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840
667:
A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600–1840
1151:
Shvidkovsky, Dmitry; Yesoulov, Georgy (August 28, 2017).
422:. The intervention was performed in the southwest of the
588:
Triumphal Gate on Tverskaya Zastava Square, painted 1848
418:
the task of introducing the neoclassical style in the
1023:
Zolotoy vek barocco i classicizma v Sankt-Peterburge
269:
for the construction of the new headquarters of the
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2181:
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1329:
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875:, in Nicola Navone e Letizia Tedeschi (a cura di),
28:succeeded to the throne on June 28, 1762, becoming
979:The palace was blown up by the Germans during the
983:and afterwards destroyed by the Soviet government
669:, 1958; IV edition, Yale University Press, 2008,
379:). Between 1781 and 1796, it was the turn of the
1279:Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire
911:, IV edition, Yale University Press, 2008, p.212
328:, who at that time were representatives of the
1197:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
1408:
1224:
8:
308:In 1773, the Empress wrote a letter to the
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1401:
1393:
1326:
1231:
1217:
1209:
568:Redevelopment post the Moscow Fire of 1812
1127:
925:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. p. 181.
592:Much of central Moscow was destroyed by
583:
571:
1091:sfn error: no target: CITEREFLuhn2012 (
707:
594:fire during the French invasion of 1812
456:. Later, between 1787 and 1792, in the
1190:
477:were made by Christoforo Unterperger.
7:
2371:Neoclassical architecture by country
1086:
2361:Neoclassical architecture in Russia
1284:Neoclassical architecture in Russia
351:, especially of England and Italy.
22:Neoclassical architecture in Russia
1259:Art Nouveau architecture in Russia
440:whose interior is inspired by the
14:
1167:10.5593/sgemsocial2017/62/S22.007
1063:"Who burned down Moscow in 1812?"
847:Russian Architecture and the West
827:Architecture in the Age of Reason
684:Architecture in the Age of Reason
626:Russian Architecture and the West
537:I quattro libri dell'architettura
158:by Giacomo Quarenghi, (1787–1792)
1061:Egorov, Boris (August 2, 2022).
970:, Rizzoli, Milano, 1974, p. 208.
548:The period of Paul I (1796–1801)
448:and for the decorations and the
263:Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe
239:traditional Chinese architecture
170:in St Petersburg by G. Quarenghi
1129:10.22227/1997-0935.2012.6.17-22
798:. London: Routledge. pp.
296:who, trained at the school of
1:
1675:Anatolian Seljuk architecture
326:Johann Friedrich Reiffenstein
1304:Russian Revival architecture
1299:Russian neoclassical revival
1169:(inactive August 27, 2024).
355:The 1780s: Giacomo Quarenghi
51:Portrait of Catherine II by
1337:Russian church architecture
1264:Constructivist architecture
1254:Architecture of Kievan Rus'
862:D. Shvidkovsky, cit., p.254
849:, New Haven (Connecticut),
719:The Making of Modern Russia
657:The Making of Modern Russia
628:, New Haven (Connecticut),
604:, under military governors
2387:
119:The "Greek Hall" from the
1430:
1380:
257:with a tower ending in a
34:Neoclassical architecture
921:Palmer, Allison (2011).
831:Harvard University Press
688:Harvard University Press
642:, Rizzoli, Milano, 1974
430:and in its interior the
426:, where he was made the
318:Charles-Louis Clérisseau
91:Imperial Academy of Arts
1440:History of construction
1424:History of architecture
1362:National Romantic style
1342:One-day votive churches
945:D. Shvidkovsky, p. 260.
895:D. Shvidkovsky, p. 289.
526:stylistically close to
395:villa built in Russia.
330:Russian Academy of Arts
304:The 1770s: new impulses
237:, of classicism and of
229:, and on that occasion
108:The Cameron Gallery in
2366:Architecture in Russia
1435:Architectural timeline
1314:Stalinist architecture
1012:D. Shvidkovsky, p. 262
954:D. Shvidkovsky, p. 284
765:Jaques, Susan (2016).
740:Munro, George (2008).
589:
581:
558:Crown Prince Alexander
349:Palladian architecture
212:, which aimed to take
206:
171:
159:
143:
128:
112:
101:
82:
70:
56:
1977:America and Australia
1597:Medieval Scandinavian
1042:L. Kochan, p. 151-152
851:Yale University Press
721:, London, 1962, p.145
630:Yale University Press
587:
575:
200:
165:
149:
134:
118:
107:
88:
77:Moscow Orphanage. By
76:
62:
50:
2219:Critical regionalism
1240:Russian architecture
1001:L'Osservatore Romano
790:Scholl, Tim (2005).
452:by the ruins of the
298:Bartolomeo Rastrelli
271:Academy of Fine Arts
241:), and the pavilion
235:Baroque architecture
81:, early 19th century
2158:Stripped Classicism
2133:International style
2116:Rationalist-Fascist
1765:Portuguese Colonial
1515:Pre-Islamic Persian
1367:Russian avant-garde
1269:Elizabethan Baroque
853:, 2007, p. 254
495:Francesco Camporesi
486:Academy of Sciences
475:encaustic paintings
365:Anton Raphael Mengs
267:Alexander Kokorinov
175:Origin of the style
26:Catherine the Great
2163:Postconstructivism
2106:Streamline Moderne
1294:Postconstructivism
843:Dmitry Shvidkovsky
622:Dmitry Shvidkovsky
606:Alexander Tormasov
590:
582:
497:, to complete the
322:Friedrich Melchior
172:
160:
144:
129:
113:
102:
83:
71:
66:, the pavilion in
57:
36:developed in many
2348:
2347:
1390:
1389:
1350:
1349:
1274:Naryshkin Baroque
1176:978-619-7408-24-9
1031:978-5-9524-3777-7
968:Gusto neoclassico
769:. Pegasus Books.
730:L. Kochan, p. 147
675:978-0-300-12508-5
640:Gusto neoclassico
528:Giacomo Quarenghi
454:Theatre of Pompey
438:Hermitage Theatre
377:Cameron's Gallery
345:Giacomo Quarenghi
314:Charles de Wailly
310:Academy of France
141:Benjamin Patersen
139:in a painting by
30:Empress of Russia
2378:
2240:Deconstructivism
1999:Spanish Colonial
1760:Spanish Colonial
1660:Western Chalukya
1468:Ancient Egyptian
1417:
1410:
1403:
1394:
1355:Related articles
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1309:Siberian Baroque
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1003:, 18 maggio 2009
993:Antonio Paolucci
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871:Christoph Frank,
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612:(1820–ca 1840).
608:(1814–1819) and
499:Catherine Palace
482:Griboyedov Canal
466:Apostolic Palace
462:Raphael's Loggia
404:Maria Feodorovna
369:Catherine Palace
342:
334:Giacomo Trombara
265:and the Russian
168:Smolny Institute
156:Hermitage Museum
152:Raphael's Loggia
89:Inauguration of
79:Fyodor Alekseyev
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1738:
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1590:Islamic Persian
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1421:
1391:
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610:Dmitry Golitsyn
578:Bolshoi Theatre
570:
562:Pavlovsk Palace
550:
508:Prince Potemkin
464:located in the
442:Teatro Olimpico
420:Peterhof Palace
409:Vincenzo Brenna
371:located in the
361:Charles Cameron
357:
336:
306:
243:Katalnaya Gorka
231:Antonio Rinaldi
223:
182:
177:
166:Design for the
125:Vincenzo Brenna
121:Pavlovsk Palace
64:Antonio Rinaldi
53:Dmitry Levitsky
40:, first of all
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2069:Prairie School
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516:Russian Empire
512:Tauride Palace
510:, created the
506:that, for the
433:English Palace
373:Tsarskoye Selo
356:
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305:
302:
255:triumphal arch
222:
221:The beginnings
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42:St. Petersburg
38:Russian cities
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2138:Functionalism
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696:9780674182288
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680:Emil Kaufmann
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661:
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653:Lionel Kochan
651:
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602:Alberto Cavos
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524:neoclassicism
521:
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467:
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247:rollercoaster
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210:Greek Project
205:
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191:Enlightenment
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111:
110:Tsarskoe Selo
106:
100:
96:
95:Valery Jacobi
92:
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69:
65:
61:
55:, early 1780s
54:
49:
45:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
2308:Mesoamerican
2255:Contemporary
2233:2000–present
2224:Neo-futurism
2204:Blobitecture
2031:Modern Style
1947:Neoclassical
1695:Indo-Islamic
1670:Great Seljuk
1655:Vijayanagara
1549:East Slavic
1463:Mesopotamian
1384:Russian arts
1283:
1158:
1153:
1146:
1119:
1116:Vestnik MGSU
1115:
1101:
1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1066:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1022:
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981:World War II
975:
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793:
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741:
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718:
710:
683:
666:
656:
639:
625:
616:Bibliography
591:
580:, taken 2011
551:
535:
520:Nikolay Lvov
479:
461:
431:
427:
423:
413:
397:
376:
358:
307:
278:Ivan Betskoy
275:
224:
207:
202:
201:
183:
151:
135:View of the
21:
20:
18:
2168:PWA Moderne
2054:Rationalism
2016:Art Nouveau
2004:Territorial
1984:Renaissance
1968:Queen Anne
1841:Elizabethan
1734:Plateresque
1729:Renaissance
1712:Sondergotik
1607:Carolingian
1553:Kievan Rus'
1372:Suprematism
1072:January 26,
598:Joseph Bové
504:Ivan Starov
490:Ionic order
337: [
227:Oranienbaum
68:Oranienbaum
2355:Categories
2325:Portuguese
2199:Postmodern
2148:Organicism
2036:Modernisme
2021:Jugendstil
1880:Revivalism
1868:Industrial
1851:Portuguese
1625:Romanesque
1520:Achaemenid
964:Mario Praz
809:0415092221
636:Mario Praz
294:Karl Blank
180:Background
2286:Dravidian
2245:Neomodern
2209:High-tech
2189:Brutalism
2182:1950–2000
2126:Stalinist
2059:Mycenaean
2047:1900–1950
1885:Byzantine
1861:Ukrainian
1846:Naryshkin
1811:Edwardian
1784:1750–1900
1755:Palladian
1750:Manueline
1743:1500–1750
1618:1000–1500
1558:Muscovite
1545:Byzantine
1493:Classical
1481:Mycenaean
1458:Neolithic
1330:Religious
1185:2367-5659
1138:1997-0935
1087:Luhn 2012
702:Footnotes
424:Top Park
393:Palladian
290:orphanage
282:orphanage
16:Art style
2298:Japanese
2276:Colonial
2264:Regional
2214:Arcology
2153:Art Deco
2143:Futurism
2086:De Stijl
1989:Romanian
1907:Egyptian
1902:Colonial
1856:Siberian
1666:Islamic
1635:Ottonian
1630:Galician
1540:Sasanian
1508:Herodian
1488:Etruscan
1382:Part of
1033:, p. 128
833:, p. 142
554:nobility
542:Palladio
532:polymath
450:capitals
389:Pavlovsk
245:(with a
214:Istanbul
187:nobility
97:, 1889,
2335:Spanish
2330:Russian
2271:Chinese
2091:Bauhaus
1994:Russian
1972:Britain
1954:Moorish
1937:Baroque
1927:Mission
1873:British
1836:Petrine
1831:Maltese
1826:Italian
1816:English
1791:Baroque
1690:Ottoman
1685:Timurid
1650:Hoysala
1646:Indian
1585:Fatimid
1580:Abbasid
1575:Moorish
1570:Umayyad
1565:Islamic
1472:Aegean
446:Vicenza
416:Bergamo
196:Minerva
154:in the
2340:Somali
2320:Newari
2303:Korean
2281:Indian
2173:Googie
2079:Cubism
2064:Modern
1964:Pueblo
1942:Rococo
1912:Gothic
1821:French
1796:Andean
1770:Mughal
1707:Gothic
1680:Mamluk
1640:Norman
1476:Minoan
1247:Styles
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1173:
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929:
883:
806:
773:
748:
694:
673:
646:
632:, 2007
600:, and
530:. The
473:; the
385:Paul I
381:palace
286:Moscow
253:and a
127:(1789)
99:Louvre
2291:Hindu
2009:Tudor
1917:Mayan
1806:Dutch
1801:Czech
1724:Aztec
1719:Incan
1323:Types
1112:(PDF)
471:vault
341:]
259:spire
2313:Maya
2121:Nazi
1775:Sikh
1199:link
1181:ISSN
1171:ISBN
1134:ISSN
1093:help
1074:2024
1027:ISBN
927:ISBN
881:ISBN
804:ISBN
771:ISBN
746:ISBN
692:ISBN
671:ISBN
644:ISBN
576:The
402:and
400:Paul
343:and
324:and
316:and
251:dome
150:The
1450:BCE
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540:by
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