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571:. In this chapter, Njörðr is described by the enthroned figure of High as living in the heavens at Nóatún, but also as ruling over the movement of the winds, having the ability to calm both sea and fire, and that he is to be invoked in seafaring and fishing. High continues that Njörðr is very wealthy and prosperous, and that he can also grant wealth in land and valuables to those who request his aid. Njörðr originates from
898:
826:
over the prosperity of mankind. During his rule, most of the Æsir die, their bodies are burned, and sacrifices are made by men to them. Njörðr has himself "marked for" Odin and he dies in his bed. Njörðr's body is burnt by the Swedes, and they weep heavily at his tomb. After Njörðr's reign, his son Freyr replaces him, and he is greatly loved and "blessed by good seasons like his father."
815:, and they became gods among the Æsir. Freyja is introduced as a daughter of Njörðr, and as the priestess at the sacrifices. In the saga, Njörðr is described as having once wed his unnamed sister while he was still among the Vanir, and the couple produced their children Freyr and Freyja from this union, though this custom was forbidden among the Æsir.
845:. The toasts begin with Odin's toasts, described as for victory and power for the king, followed by Njörðr and Freyr's toast, intended for good harvests and peace. Following this, a beaker is drunk for the king, and then a toast is given for departed kin. Chapter 28 quotes verse where the kenning "Njörðr-of-roller-horses" is used for "sailor". In the
920:
The old folk were always rather lucky when they went fishing. One night old
Gunnhild Reinsnos (born in 1746) and Johannes Reinsnos were fishing in the Sjosavatn. They had taken a torch and were fishing with live bait. The fish bit well, and it wasn't long before Gunnhild had a week's supply of fish
640:
High states that afterward Skaði went back up to the mountains to Þrymheimr and recites a stanza where Skaði skis around, hunts animals with a bow, and lives in her fathers old house. Chapter 24 begins, which describes Njörðr as the father of two beautiful and powerful children: Freyr and Freyja. In
692:
recounts the death of Skaði's father Þjazi by the Æsir. As one of the three acts of reparation performed by the Æsir for Þjazi's death, Skaði was allowed by the Æsir to choose a husband from amongst them, but given the stipulation that she may not see any part of them but their feet when making the
825:
In chapter 9, Odin dies and Njörðr takes over as ruler of the Swedes, and he continues the sacrifices. The Swedes recognize him as their king, and pay him tribute. Njörðr's rule is marked with peace and many great crops, so much so that the Swedes believed that Njörðr held power over the crops and
1006:
would have looked like around 1 CE. This has led to theories about the relation of the two, including that Njörðr may have once been a hermaphroditic god or, generally considered more likely, that the name may indicate an otherwise unattested divine brother and sister pair such as Freyr and
234:
is due to the fact that feminine nouns with u-stems disappeared early in
Germanic language while the masculine nouns with u-stems prevailed. However, other scholars hold the change to be based not on grammatical gender but on the evolution of religious beliefs; that *Nerþuz and Njörðr appear as
498:
mistakenly thinks that he will be receiving the goddess Freyja as his bride, and while telling his fellow jötunn to spread straw on the benches in preparation for the arrival of Freyja, he refers to her as the daughter of Njörðr of Nóatún. Towards the end of the poem
792:. When the two sides became tired of war, they came to a peace agreement and exchanged hostages. For their part, the Vanir send to the Æsir their most "outstanding men"; Njörðr, described as wealthy, and Freyr, described as his son, in exchange for the Æsir's
392:, Njörðr is described as having a hall in Nóatún made for himself. The stanza describes Njörðr as a "prince of men", that he is "lacking in malice", and that he "rules over the "high-timbered temple." In stanza 43, the creation of the god Freyr's ship
731:
In chapter 20, "daughter of Njörðr" is given as a kenning for Freyja. In chapter 33, Njörðr is cited among the gods attending a banquet held by Ægir. In chapter 37, Freyja is again referred to as Njörðr's daughter in a verse by the 12th century skald
1027:(or Biega-, Biegga-Galles, depending on dialect; "The Old Man of the Winds") is a deity who rules over rain and wind, and is the subject of boat and wooden shovel (or, rather, oar) offerings. Due to similarities in between descriptions of Njörðr in
1081:, Hadingus complains in verse of his displeasure at his life away from the sea and how he is disturbed by the howls of wolves, while his wife Regnhild complains of life at the shore and states her annoyance at the screeching sea birds.
645:, he becomes overcome with sorrow, and refuses to sleep, drink, or talk. Njörðr then sends for Skírnir to find out who he seems to be so angry at, and, not looking forward to being treated roughly, Skírnir reluctantly goes to Freyr.
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in a battle of wits. While Odin states that Vafþrúðnir knows all the fates of the gods, Odin asks Vafþrúðnir "from where Njörðr came to the sons of the Æsir", that Njörðr rules over quite a lot of temples and
2916:
704:
is provided for Njörðr: "God of chariots", "Descendant of Vanir", "a Van", father of Freyr and Freyja, and "the giving God". This is followed by an excerpt from a composition by the 11th century
3911:
2921:
1117:
seeks. Menglöð has often been theorized as the goddess Freyja, and according to this theory, Svafrþorinn would therefore be Njörðr. The theory is complicated by the etymology of the name
655:
2896:
719:
Chapter 7 follows and provides various kennings for Freyr, including referring to him as the son of Njörðr. This is followed by an excerpt from a work by the 10th-century skald
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822:. Chapter 8 states that Njörðr married a woman named Skaði, though she would not have intercourse with him. Skaði then marries Odin, and the two had numerous sons.
453:
Loki responds in the stanza 34, stating that "from here you were sent east as hostage to the gods" (a reference to the Æsir-Vanir War) and that "the daughters of
715:
Gundrun became her son's slayer; the wise god-bride could not love the Van; Kialar trained horses pretty well; Hamdir is said not to have held back sword-play.
159:
Njörðr has been the subject of an amount of scholarly discourse and theory, often connecting him with the figure of the much earlier attested
Germanic goddess
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908:
Veneration of Njörðr survived into 18th or 19th century
Norwegian folk practice, as recorded in a tale collected by Halldar O. Opedal from an informant in
2866:
2360:
2290:
3931:
889:). In stanza 17, Egill writes that all others watch in marvel how Arinbjörn gives out wealth, as he has been so endowed by the gods Freyr and Njörðr.
477:
Loki tells Njörðr to "stop" and "keep some moderation", and that he "won't keep it a secret any longer" that Njörðr's son Freyr was produced with his
1077:, Hadingus is chosen by his wife Ragnhild after selecting him from other men at a banquet by his lower legs, and, in parallel to Skaði and Njörðr in
2766:
4129:
3329:
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1913:
1880:
1832:
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937:) who govern over sea weather, wealth, or, in some incidents, give magic boats, and proposes that they are historically connected to Njörðr.
3203:
2450:
505:, Njörðr is cited as having nine daughters. Two of the names of these daughters are given; the eldest Ráðveig and the youngest Kreppvör.
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1007:
Freyja. Consequently, Nerthus has been identified with Njörðr's unnamed sister with whom he had Freyja and Freyr, which is mentioned in
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4103:
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1939:
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1714:
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nights in Þrymheimr and then next three nights in Nóatún (or nine winters in Þrymheimr and another nine in Nóatún according to the
590:("Thunder Home"). However, Njörðr wanted to live nearer to the sea. Subsequently, the two made an agreement that they would spend
1838:
2032:
3273:
1816:
586:, and recounts a tale involving the two. High recalls that Skaði wanted to live in the home once owned by her father called
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406:
as the mother of Freyr. Further in the poem, Njörðr is again mentioned as the father of Freyr in stanzas 38, 39, and 41.
591:
708:
4139:
3886:
2008:
437:
occurs in stanzas 33, 34, 35, and 36. After Loki has an exchange with the goddess Freyja, in stanza 33 Njörðr states:
366:(a type of Germanic altar), and further adds that Njörðr was not raised among the Æsir. In response, Vafþrúðnir says:
279:
2440:
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478:
88:
818:
Chapter 5 relates that Odin gave all of his temple priests dwelling places and good estates, in Njörðr's case being
4053:
4043:
3151:
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2320:
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916:, Norway. The informant comments on a family tradition in which the god is thanked for a bountiful catch of fish:
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for her pot. So she wound her line around her rod with the words: "Thanks be to him, to Njor, for this time."
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1721:
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880:
720:
549:
754:
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132:, also written by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century, as one of three gods invoked in the 14th century
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1173:
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354:
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43:
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1089:, before ending as an Odinic hero, paralleling Njörðr's passing from the Vanir to the Æsir in the
1024:
358:
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2643:
2055:
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313:
309:
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1975:
1082:
926:
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501:
138:
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1954:
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1857:
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1767:
1748:
1729:
1710:
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1090:
834:
789:
417:
226:
which means "force" and "power". It has been suggested that the change of sex from the female
51:
3349:
3218:
396:
is recounted, and Freyr is cited as the son of Njörðr. In the prose introduction to the poem
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115:
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1967:
1820:
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983:
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331:
58:
35:
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2723:
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1785:
An
Icelandic-English Dictionary: Based on the Ms. Collections of the Late Richard Cleasby
763:
950:
582:
High further states that Njörðr's wife is Skaði, that she is the daughter of the jötunn
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1177:
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871:
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by the beauty of the feet she selects, Skaði instead finds that she has picked Njörðr.
494:, where he is referred to as the father of the goddess Freyja. In the poem, the jötunn
283:
263:
222:
The original meaning of the name is contested, but it may be related to the Irish word
210:
168:
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used you as a pisspot, and pissed in your mouth." In stanza 35, Njörðr responds that:
99:
and is associated with the sea, seafaring, wind, fishing, wealth, and crop fertility.
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842:
772:
176:
31:
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2498:
2137:
1145:
Njörðr has been the subject of an amount of artistic depictions. Depictions include
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manuscript). However, when Njörðr returned from the mountains to Nóatún, he says:
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1868:
287:
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134:
119:
104:
1073:. Some of these similarities include that, in parallel to Skaði and Njörðr in
987:. The connection between the two is due to the linguistic relationship between
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1085:
theorized that in the tale
Hadingus passes through all three functions of his
1032:
978:
875:
343:
Njörðr is described as a future survivor of Ragnarök in stanza 39 of the poem
235:
different genders because they are to be considered separate beings. The name
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and is devoid of Æsir stock, and he is described as having been traded with
572:
429:
372:
66:
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3706:
3395:
3288:
2796:
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2756:
2733:
2305:
2192:
2086:
240:
402:, Freyr is mentioned as the son of Njörðr, and stanza 2 cites the goddess
4078:
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2420:
2340:
2335:
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2177:
2147:
2132:
2122:
1114:
1060:
797:
793:
736:. In chapter 75, Njörðr is included in a list of the Æsir. Additionally,
642:
583:
576:
495:
403:
363:
251:
164:
145:
92:
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3611:
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2458:
2415:
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2232:
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2127:
2099:
974:
962:
812:
701:
677:
469:
424:
213:
205:
160:
1172:
Njörðr is one of the incarnated gods in the New
Zealand comedy/drama "
3471:
3436:
3146:
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2999:
2841:
2781:
2493:
2430:
2393:
2345:
2260:
1989:
1198:
1031:
and descriptions of Bieka-Galles in 18th century missionary reports,
801:
291:
246:
Njörðr's name appears in various place names in
Scandinavia, such as
149:
123:
108:, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, the
84:
17:
3867:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of
Central and Northern Europe
2982:
2826:
2628:
2375:
2370:
2310:
2202:
1035:
identified this deity as the result of influence from the seafaring
304:, "Njörðr's glove"). Additionally, in Old Icelandic translations of
727:
For Freyr and Niord have endowed
Griotbiorn with a power of wealth.
4068:
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4018:
4008:
4003:
3926:
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2678:
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2648:
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2613:
2578:
2528:
2478:
2425:
2408:
2398:
2385:
2330:
2315:
2255:
2250:
2172:
2117:
2112:
2016:
1046:
999:
949:
896:
854:
808:
753:
705:
694:
689:
685:
654:
554:
540:
454:
408:
330:
80:
76:
42:
1137:
says makes little sense when attempting to connect it to Njörðr.
1059:
Parallels have been pointed out between Njörðr and the figure of
740:
is used in kennings for "warrior" or "warriors" various times in
3993:
3972:
3806:
3779:
3236:
3231:
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2816:
2738:
2653:
2295:
2285:
2207:
2197:
2187:
2162:
2001:
909:
901:
838:
434:
350:
2028:
1992:
Illustrations of Njörðr from manuscripts and early print books.
1790:
711:, explained as containing a reference to Skaði leaving Njörðr:
559:"Skadi's longing for the Mountains" (1908) by W. G. Collingwood
3014:
2325:
2245:
1873:
Norse Mythology: A Guide to Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs
758:
A depiction of Njörðr from a 17th-century Icelandic manuscript
482:
148:. Veneration of Njörðr survived into the 18th or 19th century
1630:
1628:
481:, "though you'd expect him to be worse than he is." The god
203:
corresponds to that of the older Germanic fertility goddess
171:
due to the appearance of his name in numerous place names.
807:
Further into chapter 4, Odin appoints Njörðr and Freyr as
664:
Die Helden und Götter des Nordens, oder Das Buch der Sagen
641:
chapter 37, after Freyr has spotted the beautiful jötunn
167:, and theorizing on his formerly more prominent place in
1432:
1430:
1428:
2917:
people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
841:
is given. Part of the description includes a series of
1235:
1233:
1231:
676:
within a list of 12 Æsir attending a banquet held for
1051:
Hadingus meets the one-eyed old man. Illustration by
723:
that references Njörðr (here anglicized as "Niord"):
579:
in hostage exchange with between the Æsir and Vanir.
30:"Njord" redirects here. For Leaves' Eyes album, see
4091:
3981:
3940:
3859:
3852:
3762:
3724:
3429:
3378:
3337:
3328:
2935:
2857:
2747:
2449:
2384:
2231:
2098:
2075:
1176:". The part of "Johan Johnson/Njörðr" is played by
485:then interjects and the flyting continues in turn.
446:
what is surprising is a pervert god coming in here,
442:
That's harmless, if, besides a husband, a woman has
1901:
286:in southwest Iceland, Njarðarlög and Njarðey (now
1843:Goðafræði Norðmanna og Íslendinga eftir heimildum
860:that mentions Njörðr in a kenning for "warrior".
567:, Njörðr is introduced in chapter 23 of the book
290:) in Norway. Njörðr's name appears in a word for
239:may be related to the name of the Norse goddess
91:, was in an ill-fated marriage with the goddess
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
853:("Lack of Gold") by the 10th century Icelandic
299:
70:
1271:
1269:
1250:
1248:
788:, Njörðr is introduced in connection with the
488:Njörðr is referenced in stanza 22 of the poem
2040:
1495:
1493:
1364:
1362:
1360:
929:further cites various tales of "sea people" (
122:form as a beloved mythological early king of
8:
1812:Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway
1263:Jónsson (1913:110) and Magnússon (1989:671).
961:Njörðr is often identified with the goddess
152:folk practice, where the god is recorded as
3769:
2069:Mythological Norse people, items and places
1376:
1374:
762:Njörðr appears in or is mentioned in three
466:that I fathered that son, whom no one hates
156:and thanked for a bountiful catch of fish.
3856:
3334:
2095:
2047:
2033:
2025:
1995:
1990:MyNDIR (My Norse Digital Image Repository)
1745:From Myth to Fiction: The Saga of Hadingus
462:That was my reward, when I, from far away,
2867:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
1129:means "gossip") (or possibly connects to
1222:
883:composes a poem in praise of Arinbjörn (
335:Njörðr, Skaði, and Freyr as depicted in
209:(early 1st c. CE). Both derive from the
1726:Altnordisches Etymologisches Worterbuch
1646:
1619:
1607:
1583:
1571:
1484:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1436:
1419:
1407:
1189:
849:, a stanza is given of a poem entitled
693:selection. Expecting to choose the god
1848:Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1999).
1634:
1595:
27:God among the Vanir in Norse mythology
1658:
1239:
546:Njörðr and Skaði on the way to Nóatún
34:. For the offshore oil facility, see
7:
379:at the doom of men he will come back
377:and gave him as hostage to the gods;
2927:named weapons, armour and treasures
1972:The Elder Edda of Saemund Sigfusson
1904:Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend
1113:by an unnamed mother, who the hero
4104:Heathenry (new religious movement)
1922:Scudder, Bernard (Trans.) (2001).
1889:Magnússon, Ásgeir Blöndal (1989).
870:In chapter 80 of the 13th century
464:was sent as a hostage to the gods,
25:
1795:. C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, Lund.
1762:Faulkes, Anthony, trans. (1987).
1678:from the original on 21 June 2017
1149:(drawing, 1883) by K. Ehrenberg,
605:Hateful for me are the mountains,
468:and is thought the prince of the
433:, an exchange between Njörðr and
357:" faces off with the wise jötunn
114:, written in the 13th century by
2767:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
1951:Dictionary of Northern Mythology
1161:(1901) by E. Doepler d. J., and
1147:Freyr und Gerda; Skade und Niurd
998:, "Nerthus" being the feminine,
515:Njörðr is also mentioned in the
262:; both using the religious term
79:. Njörðr, father of the deities
1747:. University of Chicago Press.
904:, Norway, in the winter of 2004
629:for the screeching of the bird.
3204:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
1953:(2007 ed.). D.S. Brewer.
1845:. Hið íslenska bókmentafjelag.
1701:Byock, Jesse (Trans.) (2006).
796:. Additionally, the Æsir send
1:
1674:. thealmightyjohnsons.co.nz.
965:, whose reverence by various
615:after the song of the swans.
4130:Mythological kings of Sweden
1695:General and cited references
3274:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
2009:Mythological king of Sweden
1875:. Oxford University Press.
1766:(1995 ed.). Everyman.
1109:is stated as the father of
662:from the philological book
381:home among the wise Vanir.
339:(1908) by W. G. Collingwood
4171:
3941:Festivals and holy periods
102:Njörðr is attested in the
29:
3209:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
2922:named animals and plants
2066:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1825:University of Texas Press
1793:Svensk etymologisk ordbok
1743:Dumézil, Georges (1973).
1163:Njörd's Desire of the Sea
1155:Carl Frederick von Saltza
1101:In stanza 8 of the poem "
800:in exchange for the wise
611:The howling of the wolves
386:In stanza 16 of the poem
48:Njörd's desire of the Sea
3030:Black elves (Svartálfar)
1800:28 December 2019 at the
1728:(1977 ed.). Brill.
1087:trifunctional hypothesis
1063:, attested in book I of
1039:on the landbound Saami.
893:Modern era folk practice
847:Saga of Harald Graycloak
782:Saga of Harald Graycloak
700:In chapter 6, a list of
670:Njörðr is introduced in
448:who has borne children.
444:a lover or someone else;
375:the wise Powers made him
337:The Lovesickness of Frey
3912:Sacred trees and groves
3152:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
3025:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
1928:The Sagas of Icelanders
1854:Oxford World's Classics
1819:26 January 2017 at the
1672:"The Almighty Johnsons"
635:he comes each morning.
550:Friedrich Wilhelm Heine
349:. In the poem, the god
300:
71:
3770:
3020:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
2669:Narfi (father of Nott)
1791:Hellquist, E. (1922):
1345:Larrington (1999:100).
1203:University of Victoria
1056:
1037:North Germanic peoples
958:
957:(1905) by Emil Doepler
934:
923:
905:
831:Saga of Hákon the Good
778:Saga of Hákon the Good
759:
729:
717:
667:
638:
633:when from the wide sea
618:
560:
552:
475:
451:
420:
384:
340:
175:is sometimes modernly
54:
3162:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
2441:Sister-wife of Njörðr
1781:Vigfússon, Guðbrandur
1553:Hollander (2007:135).
1544:Hollander (2007:119).
1535:Hollander (2007:107).
1336:Larrington (1999:90).
1320:Larrington (1999:67).
1311:Larrington (1999:61).
1302:Larrington (1999:58).
1293:Larrington (1999:54).
1284:Larrington (1999:46).
1275:Vigfússon (1874:456).
1174:The Almighty Johnsons
1050:
953:
918:
900:
833:a description of the
813:sacrificial offerings
757:
725:
713:
658:
622:
620:Skaði then responds:
607:I was not long there,
602:
558:
544:
459:
439:
412:
368:
334:
75:) is a god among the
46:
4145:Sky and weather gods
3932:Wetlands and islands
3052:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
1893:. Orðabók Háskólans.
1526:Hollander (2007:13).
1517:Hollander (2007:12).
1508:Hollander (2007:10).
1254:Hellquist (1922:519)
1197:Baer, Trish (2023).
1125:meaning "brave" and
1067:' 13th century work
941:Scholastic reception
881:Egill Skallagrímsson
721:Egill Skallagrímsson
3214:Narfi (son of Loki)
2361:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
1891:Íslensk orðsifjabók
1637:, pp. 157–158.
1610:, pp. 117–118.
1598:, pp. 237–238.
1499:Hollander (2007:8).
1368:Byock (2006:33–34).
306:Classical mythology
4140:Sea and river gods
3860:Religious practice
3834:Old Norse language
3301:Váli (son of Loki)
3189:Líf and Lífthrasir
3097:Árvakr and Alsviðr
3092:Horses of the Æsir
3072:Hati Hróðvitnisson
2213:Váli (son of Odin)
2056:Old Norse religion
1787:. Clarendon Press.
1586:, p. 217–226.
1562:Scudder (2001:163)
1354:Thorpe (1907:120).
1057:
959:
906:
784:. In chapter 4 of
760:
668:
631:That gull wakes me
613:sounded ugly to me
561:
553:
421:
341:
141:, and in numerous
89:his unnamed sister
55:
4117:
4116:
4109:Nordic Bronze Age
4099:Germanic paganism
4087:
4086:
3958:Germanic calendar
3922:Temple at Uppsala
3720:
3719:
3324:
3323:
3284:Þjálfi and Röskva
3228:Personifications
2091:and other figures
2023:
2022:
2014:Succeeded by
1970:(Trans.) (1907).
1960:978-0-85991-513-7
1915:978-0-304-34520-5
1882:978-0-19-983969-8
1833:978-0-292-73061-8
1809:(Trans.) (2007).
1807:Hollander, M. Lee
1754:978-0-226-16972-9
1735:978-90-04-05436-3
1380:Byock (2006:141).
1167:W. G. Collingwood
858:Einarr skálaglamm
829:In chapter 14 of
625:Sleep I could not
609:only nine nights.
52:W. G. Collingwood
16:(Redirected from
4162:
3857:
3775:
3542:Grove of fetters
3335:
3042:Fjalar (rooster)
2802:Fjalar and Galar
2096:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2026:
1999:Preceded by
1996:
1968:Thorpe, Benjamin
1964:
1926:as collected in
1919:
1907:
1886:
1777:
1758:
1739:
1707:Penguin Classics
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1141:Modern influence
1133:"sleep"), which
1065:Saxo Grammaticus
969:is described by
886:Arinbjarnarkviða
709:Þórðr Sjáreksson
353:, disguised as "
303:
195:Name and eponyms
116:Snorri Sturluson
74:
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4083:
4039:Norse cosmology
3977:
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3844:Later influence
3758:
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3430:Other locations
3425:
3374:
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3247:Sumarr and Vetr
2931:
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2544:Gjálp and Greip
2445:
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1986:
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1976:Norrœna Society
1961:
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1896:
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1867:
1850:The Poetic Edda
1839:Jónsson, Finnur
1821:Wayback Machine
1802:Wayback Machine
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1083:Georges Dumézil
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1021:Saami mythology
1017:
967:Germanic tribes
948:
943:
927:Georges Dumézil
895:
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734:Einarr Skúlason
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627:on the sea beds
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270:(now Närlunda,
258:(now Mjärdevi,
197:
59:Norse mythology
39:
36:Njord oil field
28:
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5:
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3734:Æsir–Vanir War
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3572:Hoddmímis holt
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3406:Körmt and Örmt
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2183:Móði and Magni
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1984:External links
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1703:The Prose Edda
1698:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1663:
1661:, p. 305.
1651:
1639:
1624:
1612:
1600:
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1574:, p. 220.
1564:
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1178:Stuart Devenie
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1139:
1098:
1095:
1091:Æsir-Vanir War
1075:Skáldskaparmál
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1016:
1013:
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894:
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872:Icelandic saga
867:
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835:pagan Germanic
790:Æsir-Vanir War
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742:Skáldskaparmál
682:Skáldskaparmál
673:Skáldskaparmál
652:
650:Skáldskaparmál
647:
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528:Skáldskaparmál
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507:
479:unnamed sister
460:
440:
418:Lorenz Frølich
369:
328:
323:
321:
318:
308:the Roman god
278:(now Närtuna,
211:Proto-Germanic
196:
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169:Norse paganism
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3772:Gesta Danorum
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3744:Fróði's Peace
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3404:
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3314:
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3309:
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3299:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3269:Shield-maiden
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
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3230:
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3227:
3225:
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3110:
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3018:
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3008:
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2989:
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2969:
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2964:
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2956:
2954:
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2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:Ask and Embla
2941:
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2934:
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2925:
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2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2404:Ingunar-Freyr
2402:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2374:
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2224:
2221:
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2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2094:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2018:
2011:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:Simek, Rudolf
1944:
1941:
1940:0-14-100003-1
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1898:Orchard, Andy
1895:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:0-19-283946-2
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1773:0-460-87616-3
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1722:de Vries, Jan
1719:
1716:
1715:0-14-044755-5
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1677:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1622:, p. 25.
1621:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1466:
1463:, p. 98.
1462:
1457:
1454:
1451:, p. 86.
1450:
1445:
1442:
1439:, p. 75.
1438:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1422:, p. 61.
1421:
1416:
1413:
1410:, p. 59.
1409:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:de Vries 1962
1219:
1216:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:Fjölsvinnsmál
1096:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1070:Gesta Danorum
1066:
1062:
1054:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1002:form of what
1001:
997:
994:
993:reconstructed
990:
986:
985:
981:century work
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
956:
952:
945:
940:
938:
936:
932:
928:
922:
917:
915:
911:
903:
899:
892:
890:
888:
887:
882:
878:
877:
873:
866:
863:
861:
859:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
823:
821:
816:
814:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
786:Ynglinga saga
783:
779:
775:
774:
773:Ynglinga saga
769:
766:collected in
765:
756:
750:
747:
745:
743:
739:
735:
728:
724:
722:
716:
712:
710:
707:
703:
698:
696:
691:
687:
683:
680:. Further in
679:
675:
674:
665:
661:
657:
651:
648:
646:
644:
636:
621:
616:
601:
599:
598:
593:
589:
585:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
557:
551:
547:
543:
537:
534:
532:
530:
529:
524:
523:
518:
511:
508:
506:
504:
503:
497:
493:
492:
486:
484:
480:
473:
471:
458:
456:
449:
438:
436:
432:
431:
426:
419:
415:
411:
407:
405:
401:
400:
395:
391:
390:
382:
374:
367:
365:
360:
356:
352:
348:
347:
346:Vafþrúðnismál
338:
333:
327:
324:
319:
317:
316:as "Njörðr".
315:
311:
307:
302:
297:
293:
289:
285:
282:) in Sweden,
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:(now Nalavi,
249:
244:
242:
238:
233:
229:
225:
220:
218:
215:
212:
208:
207:
202:
194:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
144:
140:
137:
136:
131:
130:
125:
121:
117:
113:
112:
107:
106:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
68:
64:
60:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
32:Njord (album)
19:
4155:Wind deities
3792:
3785:
3778:
3749:Hjaðningavíg
3527:Glæsisvellir
3067:Gullinbursti
2714:Útgarða-Loki
2435:
2108:Almáttki áss
2007:
1971:
1950:
1927:
1923:
1903:
1890:
1872:
1869:Lindow, John
1849:
1842:
1810:
1792:
1784:
1763:
1744:
1725:
1702:
1680:. Retrieved
1666:
1654:
1647:Dumézil 1973
1642:
1620:Dumézil 1973
1615:
1608:Orchard 1997
1603:
1591:
1584:Dumézil 1973
1579:
1572:Dumézil 1973
1567:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1485:Faulkes 1987
1480:
1473:Faulkes 1987
1468:
1461:Faulkes 1987
1456:
1449:Faulkes 1987
1444:
1437:Faulkes 1987
1420:Faulkes 1987
1415:
1408:Faulkes 1987
1403:
1394:
1385:
1350:
1341:
1316:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1259:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1202:
1192:
1171:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1135:Rudolf Simek
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1100:
1079:Gylfaginning
1078:
1074:
1068:
1058:
1029:Gylfaginning
1028:
1025:Bieka-Galles
1018:
1015:Bieka-Galles
1008:
1003:
995:
988:
982:
960:
954:
935:havmennesker
924:
919:
907:
884:
874:
869:
864:
850:
846:
830:
828:
824:
817:
806:
785:
781:
777:
771:
768:Heimskringla
767:
764:Kings' sagas
761:
749:Heimskringla
748:
741:
737:
730:
726:
718:
714:
699:
681:
671:
669:
663:
659:
649:
639:
624:
619:
604:
597:Codex Regius
595:
581:
569:Gylfaginning
568:
564:
562:
545:
536:Gylfaginning
535:
526:
522:Gylfaginning
520:
516:
514:
509:
500:
489:
487:
476:
461:
452:
441:
428:
423:In the late
422:
413:
397:
387:
385:
370:
344:
342:
336:
325:
320:Attestations
301:Njarðarvǫttr
298:(Old Norse:
296:Njarðarvöttr
295:
276:Nierdhatunum
275:
267:
255:
247:
245:
236:
231:
230:to the male
227:
223:
221:
216:
204:
200:
198:
188:
184:
180:
172:
158:
153:
143:Scandinavian
133:
129:Heimskringla
127:
109:
103:
101:
62:
56:
47:
40:
3907:Reginnaglar
3839:Orthography
3812:Jómsvíkinga
3787:Poetic Edda
3700:Urðarbrunnr
3695:Mímisbrunnr
3627:Singasteinn
3557:Hindarfjall
3537:Gnipahellir
3517:Ginnungagap
3492:Fyrisvellir
3487:Fornsigtuna
3421:Vimur River
3411:Slidr River
3184:Jörmungandr
2594:Hrímgrímnir
2223:Vili and Vé
1924:Egil's Saga
1908:. Cassell.
1682:11 November
1635:Lindow 2001
1596:Lindow 2001
1208:16 December
1119:Svafrþorinn
1107:Svafrþorinn
1097:Svafrþorinn
977:in his 1st
394:Skíðblaðnir
326:Poetic Edda
312:'s name is
272:Helsingborg
268:Nærdhælunda
163:, the hero
146:place names
120:euhemerized
105:Poetic Edda
95:, lives in
4135:Norse gods
4124:Categories
4074:Viking Age
4049:Philosophy
3917:Sonargöltr
3802:Runestones
3794:Prose Edda
3739:Fimbulvetr
3690:Hvergelmir
3657:Valaskjálf
3617:Sessrúmnir
3587:Jötunheimr
3562:Hlidskjalf
3552:Himinbjörg
3522:Glaðsheimr
3507:Gastropnir
3462:Bilskirnir
3442:Amsvartnir
3355:Gjallarbrú
3338:Underworld
3294:Landvættir
3194:Loddfáfnir
3172:Svaðilfari
3157:Hófvarpnir
3102:Blóðughófi
3082:Hildisvíni
2958:Aurvandill
2719:Vafþrúðnir
2704:Þrúðgelmir
2564:Harðgreipr
1659:Simek 1996
1240:Simek 1996
1165:(1908) by
1153:(1893) by
1033:Axel Olrik
973:historian
876:Egils saga
865:Egils saga
837:custom of
565:Prose Edda
548:(1882) by
517:Prose Edda
510:Prose Edda
491:Þrymskviða
416:(1895) by
399:Skírnismál
389:Grímnismál
359:Vafþrúðnir
177:anglicized
111:Prose Edda
50:(1908) by
4029:Mead hall
3963:Þorrablót
3817:Legendary
3712:Yggdrasil
3672:Víðbláinn
3667:Vanaheimr
3642:Þrymheimr
3637:Þrúðvangr
3632:Þrúðheimr
3602:Munarvágr
3592:Mímameiðr
3567:Hnitbjorg
3482:Fólkvangr
3467:Brávellir
3416:Vadgelmir
3401:Kerlaugar
3370:Niðafjöll
3330:Locations
3306:Valkyries
3254:Sæhrímnir
3142:Gulltoppr
3107:Falhófnir
3005:Einherjar
2988:Landdísir
2822:Mótsognir
2812:Hreiðmarr
2724:Víðblindi
2674:Sökkmímir
2664:Mögþrasir
2624:Hyrrokkin
2589:Hrímgerðr
2584:Hræsvelgr
2574:Helreginn
2569:Helblindi
2489:Bergelmir
2153:Ítreksjóð
2060:mythology
1184:Citations
1053:Louis Moe
1009:Lokasenna
1000:Latinized
931:Norwegian
914:Hordaland
588:Þrymheimr
573:Vanaheimr
502:Sólarljóð
430:Lokasenna
414:Lokasenna
260:Linköping
256:Njærdhavi
199:The name
150:Norwegian
139:ring oath
67:Old Norse
4092:See also
4014:Hamingja
3968:Vetrnætr
3953:Dísablót
3948:Álfablót
3754:Ragnarök
3662:Valhalla
3652:Útgarðar
3597:Myrkviðr
3582:Járnviðr
3577:Iðavöllr
3497:Gálgviðr
3477:Fensalir
3386:Élivágar
3360:Náströnd
3350:Éljúðnir
3219:Níðhöggr
3167:Sleipnir
3137:Gullfaxi
3037:Fimafeng
2953:Auðumbla
2772:Billingr
2699:Þrívaldi
2684:Suttungr
2639:Járnsaxa
2609:Hrungnir
2539:Gillingr
2534:Geirröðr
2514:Fárbauti
2504:Býleistr
2469:Angrboða
2421:Gullveig
2133:Heimdall
2123:Dellingr
1949:(1996).
1900:(1997).
1871:(2001).
1841:(1913).
1817:Archived
1798:Archived
1783:(1874).
1724:(1962).
1676:Archived
1199:"Njörðr"
1115:Svipdagr
1061:Hadingus
1043:Hadingus
991:and the
984:Germania
925:Scholar
851:Vellekla
780:and the
702:kennings
373:Vanaheim
355:Gagnráðr
284:Njarðvík
248:Nærdhæwi
165:Hadingus
135:Hauksbók
4044:Numbers
4024:Kenning
3897:Worship
3853:Society
3763:Sources
3682:Vingólf
3677:Vígríðr
3647:Uppsala
3612:Okolnir
3532:Glitnir
3502:Gandvik
3457:Bifröst
3447:Andlang
3365:Niflhel
3311:Völundr
3259:Skírnir
3199:Móðguðr
2995:Dragons
2978:Byggvir
2807:Gandalf
2792:Dvalinn
2762:Andvari
2599:Hrímnir
2554:Gunnlöð
2524:Fornjót
2519:Fjölvar
2499:Bölþorn
2474:Aurboða
2464:Alvaldi
2416:Gersemi
2233:Ásynjur
2138:Hermóðr
2128:Forseti
2078:Deities
1932:Penguin
1111:Menglöð
996:*Nerþuz
975:Tacitus
963:Nerthus
955:Nerthus
946:Nerthus
809:priests
686:skaldic
563:In the
425:flyting
314:glossed
280:Uppland
228:Nerthus
217:*Nerþuz
214:theonym
206:Nerthus
161:Nerthus
3887:Horses
3726:Events
3707:Ýdalir
3686:Wells
3622:Sindri
3607:Nóatún
3472:Brimir
3437:Asgard
3396:Ífingr
3379:Rivers
3289:Vættir
3147:Gyllir
3057:Fylgja
3047:Fenrir
3000:Draugs
2936:Others
2859:Heroes
2842:Brokkr
2797:Fáfnir
2787:Dúrnir
2782:Durinn
2757:Alvíss
2749:Dwarfs
2734:Vörnir
2644:Laufey
2509:Eggþér
2494:Bestla
2451:Jötnar
2436:Njörðr
2431:Kvasir
2394:Freyja
2346:Snotra
2306:Njörun
2261:Gefjon
2218:Víðarr
2158:Lóðurr
2087:jötnar
2083:dwarfs
1957:
1938:
1912:
1879:
1860:
1831:
1770:
1751:
1732:
1713:
1151:Njörðr
1123:þorinn
1004:Njörðr
989:Njörðr
843:toasts
820:Nóatún
802:Kvasir
776:, the
738:Njörðr
684:, the
666:(1832)
660:Njörðr
519:books
364:hörgrs
310:Saturn
292:sponge
241:Njörun
237:Njörðr
232:Njörðr
201:Njörðr
189:Njorth
185:Njoerd
173:Njörðr
124:Sweden
97:Nóatún
85:Freyja
72:Njǫrðr
63:Njörðr
4150:Vanir
4079:Völva
4069:Skald
4064:Seiðr
4059:Runes
4054:Rings
4019:Heiti
4004:Galdr
3999:Félag
3989:Death
3982:Other
3892:Hörgr
3807:Sagas
3547:Heiðr
3512:Gimlé
3452:Barri
3391:Gjöll
3316:Vörðr
3279:Troll
3264:Sköll
3224:Norns
3132:Grani
3127:Glenr
3117:Glaðr
3087:Hjúki
3062:Garmr
3015:Elves
3010:Eldir
2983:Dísir
2963:Beyla
2897:Hi–Hy
2847:Eitri
2832:Regin
2777:Dáinn
2729:Vosud
2709:Þrymr
2689:Þjazi
2679:Surtr
2649:Leikn
2619:Hymir
2614:Hrymr
2604:Hroðr
2579:Hljod
2559:Gymir
2549:Gríðr
2529:Gangr
2479:Baugi
2426:Hnoss
2409:Yngvi
2399:Freyr
2386:Vanir
2366:Þrúðr
2341:Skaði
2336:Sjöfn
2331:Sigyn
2316:Rindr
2301:Nanna
2281:Iðunn
2266:Gerðr
2256:Fulla
2251:Frigg
2178:Mímir
2173:Meili
2148:Hœnir
2118:Bragi
2113:Baldr
2017:Yngvi
1159:Skadi
1127:svafr
971:Roman
855:skald
798:Mímir
794:Hœnir
706:skald
695:Baldr
690:Bragi
643:Gerðr
584:Þjazi
577:Hœnir
496:Þrymr
455:Hymir
427:poem
404:Skaði
288:Nærøy
252:Närke
187:, or
181:Njord
118:, in
93:Skaði
81:Freyr
77:Vanir
18:Neorð
4009:Goði
3994:Ergi
3973:Yule
3872:Blót
3780:Edda
3242:Nótt
3237:Elli
3232:Dagr
3179:Jörð
3122:Glær
3112:Gísl
2973:Búri
2968:Borr
2948:Auðr
2892:H–He
2817:Litr
2739:Ymir
2694:Þökk
2659:Logi
2654:Litr
2484:Beli
2459:Ægir
2321:Sága
2296:Lofn
2291:Irpa
2286:Ilmr
2276:Hlín
2208:Ullr
2198:Thor
2188:Odin
2168:Máni
2163:Loki
2143:Höðr
2100:Æsir
2058:and
2002:Odin
1955:ISBN
1936:ISBN
1910:ISBN
1877:ISBN
1858:ISBN
1829:ISBN
1768:ISBN
1764:Edda
1749:ISBN
1730:ISBN
1711:ISBN
1684:2014
1210:2023
1131:sofa
910:Odda
902:Odda
839:Yule
688:god
678:Ægir
592:nine
525:and
470:Æsir
435:Loki
351:Odin
224:nert
154:Njor
83:and
4034:Nīþ
3877:Hof
3345:Hel
3077:Hel
2912:T–Y
2907:P–S
2902:I–O
2887:F–G
2882:D–E
2877:B–C
2827:Ótr
2629:Iði
2376:Vör
2371:Vár
2356:Syn
2351:Sól
2326:Sif
2311:Rán
2271:Gná
2246:Eir
2241:Bil
2203:Týr
2193:Óðr
1823:).
1105:",
1019:In
811:of
483:Tyr
371:In
274:),
266:),
254:),
179:as
126:in
87:by
57:In
4126::
3927:Vé
2634:Ím
2085:,
2080:,
1974:.
1934:.
1930:.
1856:.
1852:.
1827:.
1709:.
1705:.
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1492:^
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1373:^
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1325:^
1268:^
1247:^
1230:^
1201:.
1180:.
1169:.
1157:,
1093:.
1023:,
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183:,
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2089:,
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2034:v
1978:.
1963:.
1942:.
1918:.
1885:.
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1815:(
1776:.
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1686:.
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