White-throated woodrat - Knowledge (XXG)

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for cacti is so strong that white-throated woodrat houses may not contain a proportionally representative sample of the surrounding plant community. Other building materials used by white-throated woodrats across their range include feces, bones, and human objects. Of 100 white-throated woodrat houses found on the Santa Rita Experimental Range, 75 different items were used for construction. The most commonly used building materials included mesquite, catclaw acacia, paloverde, desert ironwood (Olneya tesota), and creosotebush twigs; cholla joints and fruits; portions of prickly-pear where it was abundant; and juniper, pinyon pine, and oak twigs where they were abundant. Other items included horse, cow, and coyote dung, animal bones, stones, and human-discarded materials.

673:) joints were used most often in a desert scrub habitat. In the Lower Sonoran desert of Arizona, white-throated woodrats favored some plants because of their structural and food values and favored other plants due to their availability. When available, cholla was used most often for building material due to its structural and food values. Mesquite sticks were used frequently. Although mesquite was seldom used for food, mesquite sticks were abundant at the base of plants so they were readily available. White bursage (Ambrosia dumosa) was very abundant and used for building material, even though plants were too small to shelter a white-throated woodrat den. 756:, white-throated woodrat distribution may be limited more by the presence of Mexican woodrats (N. mexicana) and the southern plains woodrat (N. micropus) than by habitat limitations. In areas not inhabited by Mexican woodrats and southern plains woodrats, the white-throated woodrat constructed houses at bases of prickly-pears. In areas where white-throated woodrats and southern plains woodrats lived in close proximity, white-throated woodrat constructed houses under honey mesquite. 86: 552:

dominated by desert willow, velvet ash, Arizona sycamore, and velvet mesquite. The mesquite bosque was dominated by velvet mesquite, catclaw acacia, and broom snakeweed. Despite greater abundance of white-throated woodrat in the active riparian channel and floodplain, body weights of male white-throated woodrat were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the mesquite bosque, suggesting that it was "higher quality" habitat.

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abundant on bulldozed plots and thinned plots, where slash accumulations were 2.5 to 3 times greater than on other plots. On bulldozed plots, Colorado pinyon, one-seed juniper, and alligator juniper trees were pushed over and left in place. On thinned plots, Colorado pinyon and juniper were cut to a minimum spacing of 20.0 feet (6.1 m) and left in place. The table below shows total numbers of woodrats on 4 plots:

61: 709:. Twenty to 26-foot tall (6–8 m) honey mesquite were preferred over 3 to 10 foot (1–3 m) tall honey mesquite, probably because they provided more shelter and abundant, accessible food. An exception in habitat dominated by mesquite occurred on the Santa Cruz river bottom near Tucson, Arizona, where white-throated woodrat houses were also built under netleaf hackberry, American black elderberry ( 770:. White-throated woodrats selected house sites in reverse order of plant abundance: yellow paloverde 18.1 plants/ha, 6 houses; desert ironwood, 7.6 plants/ha, 14 houses; and organ pipe cactus, 5.0 plants/ha, 21 houses. Yellow paloverde was probably selected for shelter least often because it is a single-stemmed tree with a tall canopy; organpipe cactus ( 981: 794:

diameter was 3.5 to 7 inches (8.9–18 cm). White-throated woodrats also dwelled in burrows with as many as 8 openings, covered with a few small twigs, at the bases of honey mesquite. In a similar habitat type in the Mesilla Valley of New Mexico, white-throated woodrats denned in sand dunes created by banner-tailed kangaroo rats (

625:, white-throated woodrats were captured most often in areas with coarse woody debris. In an actively flooded riparian channel and floodplain at Montezuma Castle National Monument, white-throated woodrat occurrence was significantly (P<0.05) greater in areas containing coarse woody debris than areas without coarse woody debris. 903:, 77% contained stored food. The average weight of stored food was 2.2 pounds (1.0 kg)/den, range 0.1 to 9.3 pounds (0.05–4.2 kg)/den. Most stored food consisted of mesquite beans and cacti and forb seeds. In general, white-throated woodrats collect food within a 98- to 164-foot (30–50 m) radius of their dens. 896:

season, white-throated woodrats preferred to eat evergreen species. At Carrizo Creek, honey mesquite leaves, flowers, and fruits were the main foods eaten from the end of March until the end of summer. After honey mesquite lost its leaves, white-throated woodrats subsisted on stored beans, bark, and stems.

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The white-throated woodrat is a small rodent measuring an average of 12.9 inches (32.8 cm) and weighing an average of 188 g for females and 224 g for males. With the exception of lactating females, white-throated woodrats are solitary and occupy separate houses. They are primarily nocturnal

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In juniper woodlands in the high desert of southeastern Utah, white-throated woodrats occasionally denned under boulder crevices at the bases of vertical cliffs. In habitat dominated by brittle bush in Saguaro National Monument, all 103 white-throated woodrat dens were located within jumbles of rocks

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White-throated woodrats use locally available building materials to construct houses. In wooded areas, white-throated woodrats use sticks and other debris, and in deserts, parts of cacti, catclaw acacia, mesquite, and yucca are typically used. Cactus parts are preferred building materials; preference

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Young white-throated woodrats are weaned 62 to 72 days after birth and reach sexual maturity 166 to 176 days after birth. Weaning and sexual maturity of the subspecies Neotoma albigula venusta in western Arizona, Sonora, and Baja California occur earlier: young are weaned between 27 and 40 days, and

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spp.). Lack of stick houses may have been due to a harsh summer climate, ease of burrowing in loose sand, scarcity of building materials, or adequate overhead protection by honey mesquite. River banks were 6 to 15 feet (2–5 m) high, and burrows were excavated at various heights from the bottom. Hole

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White-throated woodrats occasionally use river banks, subterranean areas, or caves for shelter. In habitat dominated by honey mesquite and creosotebush at Carrizo Creek in San Diego County, white-throated woodrats sought cover either in river banks or burrows that were probably excavated by kangaroo

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Cover near the ground is an important criterion for white-throated woodrat shelter sites. In northern portions of their range, white-throated woodrats tend to construct houses at the bases of trees; in southern portions of their range, white-throated woodrats tend to construct houses at the bases of

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Building materials are gathered near the white-throated woodrat's shelter. At McDowell Mountain Regional Park, Arizona, white-throated woodrats gathered 30% of house building materials within 33 feet (10 m) from their shelter. Houses and dens are altered and refurbished during the year using new and

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Houses are built by white-throated woodrats at the base of trees, shrubs, and cacti or in piles of coarse woody debris. White-throated woodrats prefer to construct houses at the bases of plants that provide both adequate shelter and food. Houses are constructed of various materials and are typically

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At Montezuma Castle National Monument, white-throated woodrat abundance was generally greater in an active riparian channel and floodplain than a mesquite bosque that was 7 to 13 feet (2–4 m) above the channel and floodplain and not subject to flooding. The active riparian channel and floodplain was

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White-throated woodrats prefer rocky areas within forested habitat, including ledges, slides, cliffs, and canyons. In a ponderosa pine forest on the Beaver Creek Watershed in the Coconino National Forest, all white-throated woodrats were captured within 210 feet (64 m) of rocky habitat. In ponderosa

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habitat in the Hualapai Mountains in Arizona, white-throated woodrat presence was negatively associated with high tree cover and high herbaceous cover and positively associated with high shrub and rock cover. On plots where white-throated woodrats were trapped, mean tree canopy cover ranged from 30%

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In a pinyon-juniper woodland in the Gila National Forest, New Mexico, white-throated woodrats responded favorably to mechanical treatments that increased the amount of coarse woody debris. Of 4 treatments (untreated; bulldozed/piled/burned; bulldozed; and thinned), white-throated woodrats were most

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As with other species of woodrats, the white-throated woodrat constructs middens of a variety of materials such as sticks, cactus parts, and miscellaneous debris. An above-ground chamber within the midden contains a nest lined with grasses and kept free of feces. In non-rocky areas, the den usually

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spp.). In the Lower Sonoran zone of southern Arizona (Santa Rita Experimental Range), cacti and mesquite were the primary foods eaten. When offered a choice between cacti with spines and cacti without, white-throated woodrats preferred those with spines, possibly because spines indicate cacti with

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In desert riparian floodplain habitat at Montezuma Castle National Monument, Arizona, white-throated woodrats were more abundant in an active riparian channel and floodplain that had lower tree cover and a higher percentage of forbs and rocks than a mesquite bosque. The active riparian channel and

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Mills JN, Ksiazek TG, Ellis BA, Rollin PE, Nichol ST, Yates TL, Gannon WL, Levy CE, Engelthaler DM, Davis T, Tanda DT, Frampton JW, Nichols CR, Peters CJ, Childs JE (1997). "Patterns of association with host and habitat: antibody reactive with Sin Nombre virus in small mammals in the major biotic

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White-throated woodrats must rely on self-constructed, ground-level shelter to lower the energetic costs of thermoregulation in extreme environments. White-throated woodrats typically use 2 types of shelter: houses, constructed at the base of plants, and dens in rock crevices. Other shelter types

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White-throated woodrat density may be governed by the number of suitable plants available for shelter, food, and water. In Joshua Tree National Monument, there was a significant (P<0.001) positive relationship between white-throated woodrat density and teddybear cholla density, which provided

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thickets that grew closest to a human constructed water development. White-throated woodrats were trapped least often in habitat dominated by creosotebush and furthest away (distance not given) from the water development. No white-throated woodrats were trapped at a nearby dry water development.

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The white-throated woodrat diet varies seasonally. In Coconino County, white-throated woodrats ate a variety of plants, including deciduous shrubs, during warm, wet months when plant moisture was high. During cool, dry months, their diet was restricted largely to evergreen plants. Regardless of

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The mating season of white-throated woodrats varies across their range. In Arizona, the mating season is from January to August. In Big Bend National Park, Texas, mating occurs at least from January to November and may occur year-round. In California, the mating season is in February and March,

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The white-throated woodrat occupies a variety of plant communities from sea level to 9,200 feet (2,800 m) but is most common in Sonoran and Chihuahuan desert grassland and desert shrub habitats. The white-throated woodrat is generally associated with creosotebush, mesquite, cacti (particularly

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In habitats where yucca are abundant white-throated woodrats use the base of yucca for shelter sites. On the Jornada Experiment Range in New Mexico, and the Black Gap Wildlife Management Refuge in Trans-Pecos Texas, white-throated woodrats built houses at the bases and fallen trunks of yucca.

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White-throated woodrats are opportunistic and primarily herbivorous . Their diet consists of seeds, fruits, green portions of plants, flowers, small amounts of grass, and occasionally beetles (Coleoptera), ants (Hymenoptera), and reptiles. Some of the most commonly consumed plants across the

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more protein and less fibre. They also placed the spines around their nests, acting as a defence against predators. For a complete list of foods eaten by white-throated woodrats in the Santa Rita Experimental Range, see Vorhies and Taylor. In the southern Great Basin, Navajo yucca (

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Cholla and prickly-pear are often used by white-throated woodrats for cover because they provide excellent protection from predators, as well as food and water. One of the factors in white-throated woodrat shelter-site selection in McDowell Mountain Regional Park was presence of

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Houses and dens enclose a system of runways and chambers, including the white-throated woodrat's nest. The nest averages 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter and is composed of soft, fine material including grass, shredded prickly-pear fibers, or juniper bark.

358:(Hartley) – Northern New Mexico and northeastern Arizona south along the east side of the Sierra Madre Oriental, to southern Coahuila, Mexico. Also central Texas to western Arizona, and south along the western side of the Sierra Madre Occidental to central Sonora 2144:

Goodwin, John G., Jr.; Hungerford, C. Roger. (1979) Rodent population densities and food habits in Arizona ponderosa pine forests. Res. Pap. RM-214. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment

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In Guadalupe Mountains National Park and the Lower Sonoran zone of Arizona, use of building materials depended on availability. Juniper leaves and berries were used most often in a pinyon-juniper woodland, and mesquite leaves and pods and Christmas cactus

523:, total overstory density was more important than overstory species composition in influencing white-throated woodrat occurrence. The greatest densities of white-throated woodrat houses were on plots containing 376 to 750 overstory plants per hectare: 564:

Construction of water developments in xeric habitat in Arizona may provide habitat and water for white-throated woodrats. On the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge in southwestern Arizona, white-throated woodrats were trapped most often in velvet

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White-throated woodrat density increased in a pinyon-juniper woodland in Grant County, New Mexico, where trees were uprooted and piled to improve livestock grazing. The felled trees provided white-throated woodrats with cover and building materials.

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is several feet in diameter and most commonly built around the base of a shrub that gives additional cover. In areas of rocky outcrops, crevices often are utilized, with sticks and other materials preventing free access to the nesting chamber.

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Although preferred habitat differed between male and female white-throated woodrats on the Santa Rita Experimental Range, Arizona, both genders showed some preference for riparian woodland typified by Arizona white oak and netleaf hackberry:

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include holes and crevices in cutbanks along washes, burrows of other animals, piles of coarse woody debris, and human habitations and structures. Houses and dens are often maintained by successive generations of white-throated woodrats.

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The ranges of the white-throated woodrat and its subspecies are from the southeastern corners of Nevada and California across southern Utah and all of Arizona to southwestern Colorado, across west Texas and south to central Mexico.

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White-throated woodrats require large amounts of water obtained through various xerophytic plants, especially cacti. In Organ Pipe National Monument, white-throated woodrats relied heavily on teddybear cholla, buckhorn cholla

749:, white-throated woodrats depended on stands of jumping cholla (Cylindropuntia fulgida) for cover, and in the Lower Sonoran zone of Arizona, most white-throated woodrat dens were found at the bases of cholla and prickly-pear. 516:

floodplain was dominated by desert willow, velvet ash (Fraxinus velutina), Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii), and velvet mesquite. The mesquite bosque was dominated by velvet mesquite, catclaw acacia, and broom snakeweed.

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Gestation for white-throated woodrats lasts 37 to 38 days, and young are most often born in spring and early summer. In Arizona, mean litter sizes were 1.95 young/litter (n=93 litters) and 2.5 young/litter (n=27 litters).

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spp.)), catclaw acacia, and paloverde. These plants provide cover and succulent plant food (>50% water by weight) (see section "Food habits"), the 2 most critical habitat requirements for white-throated woodrat.

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shelter, food, and water. In the Mesilla Valley of southern New Mexico, white-throated woodrat density was more dependent on plants that provided sufficient water and food than on plants that provided shelter.

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Brown, James H. 1968. Adaptation to environmental temperature in two species of woodrats, Neotoma cinerea and N. albigula. Miscellaneous Publications No. 135. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, Museum of

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shrub-trees, shrubs, or cacti. When available, rocks are preferred by white-throated woodrats for shelter because they provide more protection from variations in ambient temperature than the base of plants.

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Descriptions of the home range of the white-throated woodrat are lacking. The home range of 1 immature female white-throated woodrat on the Coconino National Forest, Arizona, was 47,760 ft (4,437 m).

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reach sexual maturity 80 to 87 days after birth. In Joshua Tree National Monument, California, young white-throated woodrats establish their own dens by August and September, several months after birth.

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White-throated woodrats construct houses at the base of live and dead fallen juniper trees in pinyon-juniper woodlands in Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Texas. The base of pinyons are occasionally used.

388:(Merriam) – East of the Rio Grande in New Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma; Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí, Guanajuato, Jalisco, Aguascalientes, Querétaro, Hidalgo, and southeastern Coahuila, Mexico 697:

Mesquite is often favored by white-throated woodrats for shelter in habitat dominated by mesquite in New Mexico, Arizona, California, and Texas. In habitat dominated by mesquite and

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White-throated woodrats selected multiple-stemmed plants over single-stemmed plants and a dense, low canopy over a tall, thin canopy in habitat dominated by triangle bursage in

1958:: Proceedings of a symposium; 1975 April 4–5; Lubbock, TX. Proceedings and Transactions Series Number 4. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 807:

and are active year-round. According to Brown and Zeng, maximum longevity for the white-throated woodrat is 45 months, and according to Newton, maximum longevity is 72 months.

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Monson, Gale; Kessler, Wayne (1940). "Life history notes on the banner-tailed kangaroo rat, Merriam's kangaroo rat, and white-throated wood rat in Arizona and New Mexico".

776:) was probably selected most often because it is a multiple-stemmed plant with many cylindrical stems branching near the ground from a central trunk, providing more cover. 1858:

Wood, John E. 1969. Rodent populations and their impact on desert rangelands. Bulletin 555. Las Cruces, NM: New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment Station

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Goodwin, John Gravatt, Jr. (1975) Population densities and food selection of small rodents in Arizona ponderosa pine forests. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona. Thesis

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White-throated woodrats also occupied a human constructed desert riparian habitat at No Name Lake on the Colorado River Indian Reservation on the Arizona side of the

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Boyett, William D. 2001. Habitat relations of rodents in the Hualapai Mountains of northwestern Arizona. Oshkosh, WI: University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. Thesis

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according to Rainey, and in March, April, and possibly May, according to Schwartz and Bleich. The mating system of the white-throated woodrat is polygynous.

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or under boulders. Ninety-one dens were located under boulders >7 feet (2 m) in diameter, and 12 dens were located under boulders <7 feet in diameter.

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Brown, James H.; Lieberman, Gerald A.; Dengler, William F. (1972). "Woodrats and cholla: dependence of a small mammal population on the density of cacti".

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3 to 10 feet (1–3 m) in diameter and up to 3 feet tall. Dens function as houses but are located in rock crevices, rock fissures, and under boulder piles.

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and Trans-Pecos Texas, previously considered to be variants of the white-throated woodrat, have since 1988 been assigned to the white-toothed woodrat (

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Kricher, John C. (1993) A field guide to the ecology of western forests. The Peterson Field Guide Series No. 45. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company.

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Morrison, Michael L.; Kuenzi, Amy J.; Brown, Coleen F.; Swann, Don E. (2002). "Habitat use and abundance trends of rodents in southeastern Arizona".

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Andersen, Douglas C.; Nelson, S. Mark (1999). "Rodent use of anthropogenic and 'natural' desert riparian habitat, lower Colorado River, Arizona".

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Although any tree, shrub, or cactus may be used by white-throated woodrats for shelter sites, the most commonly used plants are discussed below.

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Hartley, in relation to grazing in Arizona". In: Tech. Bull. No. 86. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona, Agricultural Experiment Station: 455–529

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pine-Gambel oak habitat in the Hualapai Mountains, white-throated woodrat presence was positively associated with high (3% to 19%) rock cover.

1110: 1085: 342:. This rodent is a common fossil in Southwestern cave faunas, with over 20 fossil localities of Pleistocene age known from New Mexico alone. 2408: 4696: 2769: 1742:

Vaughan, Terry A. (1990) "Ecology of living packrats", pp. 14–27 in: Betancourt, Julio L.; Van Devender, Thomas R.; Martin, Paul S., eds.

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was used by white-throated woodrats in the lower Sonoran zone of the Lordsburg Plains in New Mexico and the San Simon Valley in Arizona.

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to 57%, mean herbaceous cover ranged from 2% to 10%, mean shrub cover ranged from 5% to 19%, and mean rock cover ranged from 3% to 14%.

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Cutler, Tricia L.; Morrison, Michael L. (1998). "Habitat use by small vertebrates at two water developments in southwestern Arizona".

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white-throated woodrat's range include mesquite flowers, leaves, seeds, and bark, cacti flowers, stems, and fruits, and yucca leaves.

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Martin, Alexander C.; Zim, Herbert S.; Nelson, Arnold L. 1951. American wildlife and plants. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.

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In the Lower Sonoran zone of Arizona and New Mexico, white-throated woodrats commonly used the bases of catclaw acacia for shelter.

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is preferred by white-throated woodrats for cover (see Cover). In pinyon-juniper woodlands at the Piñon Canyon Maneuver site near

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Brown, James H.; Zeng, Zongyong (1989). "Comparative population ecology of eleven species of rodents in the Chihuahuan Desert".

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Stangl, Frederick B. Jr.; Rodgers, Brenda E.; Haiduk, Michael W. (1999). "Ecological observations on the malanistic woodrats (

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Whitaker, John O., Jr. 1980. National Audubon Society field guide to North American mammals. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

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In several studies in Arizona, white-throated woodrats preferred low tree cover and high shrub, rock, and litter cover. In

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Finley, Robert B., Jr. 1958. The wood rats of Colorado: distribution and ecology. In: Hall, E. Raymond; Fitch, Henry S.;

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Rainey, Dennis G. (1965). "Observations of the distribution and ecology of the white–throated wood rat in California".

4606: 4038: 1377:, eds. University of Kansas publications. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. 10(6) 213–552 2691:"Evolutionary irony: evidence that 'defensive' plant spines act as a proximate cue to attract a mammalian herbivore" 1481:

Jones, J. K.; Carter, D. C.; Genoways, H. H. (1979). "Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico".

1063: 4169: 4160: 4110: 669: 4637: 4376: 3939: 746: 1213: 1196: 85: 4074: 4065: 3667: 3622: 3385: 2762: 844: 742: 520: 1197:"Molecular phylogenetics of the Neotoma albigula species group: further evidence of a paraphyletic assemblage" 4367: 4290: 4258: 4119: 3878: 3481: 3083: 2905: 290: 4445: 3966: 3930: 3869: 3472: 3367: 1954:) in Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas", pp. 373–394 in: Genoways, Hugh H.; Baker, Robert J., eds. 222: 495:. When available, natural and human constructed riparian habitat may be used by white-throated woodrats. 4716: 4658: 4340: 4193: 4184: 4092: 4029: 4020: 4011: 3993: 3984: 3957: 3948: 3860: 3790: 3047: 1011:Álvarez-Castañeda, S.T.; Castro-Arellano, I.; Lacher, T.; Vázquez, E. & Arroyo-Cabrales, J. (2008). 605: 190: 4483: 3578: 3376: 1360:

Vorhies, Charles T.; Taylor, Walter P. (1940) "Life history and ecology of the white-throated woodrat,

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Kenneth P. Dial (1988). "Three sympatric species of Neotoma: dietary specialization and coexistence".

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Frey, J. K. (2004). "Taxonomy and distribution of the mammals of New Mexico: An annotated checklist".

4520: 4505: 4492: 4420: 4411: 4358: 4047: 3975: 3702: 3649: 3358: 3155: 3146: 3110: 3020: 2914: 2873: 2864: 2643: 2589: 1896: 1252:

Hall, E. Raymond; Kelson, Keith R. 1959. The mammals of North America. New York: Ronald Press Company

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in the United States. It is primarily a western species in the United States, extending from central

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Vertebrate paleontology in New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 2.

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Some white-throated woodrats store food in their houses. Of 30 white-throated woodrat dens found in

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spp.) for water. In Coconino County, white-throated woodrats obtained water from evergreen species (

4721: 4349: 4056: 4002: 3772: 3720: 3613: 3092: 2984: 2755: 1374: 618: 593: 492: 206: 50: 4624: 1503:) from northeastern Mexico". In: Hall, E. Raymond; Fitch, Henry S.; Eaton, Theodore H., Jr., eds. 1149: 990: 491:

White-throated woodrats prefer habitat with low tree canopy cover, high shrub and rock cover, and

4386: 4249: 3896: 3887: 3842: 3825: 3631: 3534: 3421: 3394: 3244: 2993: 2975: 2667: 2605: 2532: 2377: 2337: 2303: 2257: 2205: 2120: 2064: 1912: 1796: 1688: 1463: 1218: 1141: 1133: 1044: 1040: 622: 582: 80: 3203: 3194: 3101: 2507:

Schwartz, Orlando A.; Bleich, Vernon C. (1975). "Comparative growth in two species of woodrats,

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The ecology, behavior and evolutionary dynamics of the white-throated woodrat (Neotoma albigula)

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Severson, Kieth E. (1986). "Small mammals in modified pinyon-juniper woodlands, New Mexico".

1071: 436:(True) – Colorado River valley in western Arizona south to Sonora and Baja California, Mexico 4691: 4650: 3807: 3640: 3508: 3332: 2815: 2710: 2702: 2651: 2597: 2524: 2404: 2369: 2295: 2249: 2197: 2110: 2102: 2054: 1904: 1788: 1680: 1534: 1455: 1208: 1125: 948: 587: 322: 316: 4585: 4396: 3911: 3128: 3074: 3011: 3002: 2188:

Wright, Michael E. (1973). "Analysis of habitats of two woodrats in southern New Mexico".

936: 924: 566: 327: 4497: 2747: 2647: 2593: 2448:

Olsen, Ronald Werner. (1970) Secondary habitat selection in the white-throated woodrat (

1900: 3851: 3569: 3499: 3412: 3038: 2715: 2690: 2686: 734: 715: 710: 706: 574: 504: 41: 2284:"Demographics of small mammals using anthropogenic desert riparian habitat in Arizona" 1049:

Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.

4680: 4580: 4217: 4208: 3737: 3658: 3179: 3170: 2240:) habitat relations in modified pinyon-juniper woodland of southwestern New Mexico". 1145: 1067: 1021: 698: 540: 339: 70: 65: 2671: 4273: 3816: 3693: 3684: 3543: 3455: 3349: 3281: 3272: 3262: 4619: 4598: 4541: 4477: 3755: 3604: 3595: 3560: 1667:

Olsen, Ronald W. (1973). "Shelter-site selection in the white-throated woodrat,

1012: 964: 840: 331: 17: 4468: 2561:) of Black Gap Wildlife Management Area Brewster County of Trans-Pecos Texas". 1507:. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History. 14(11) 141–143 3781: 3309: 2888: 2827: 2779: 1538: 1059: 767: 508: 275: 271: 267: 247: 157: 147: 2409:

10.1002/(SICI)1099-1646(199909/10)15:5<377::AID-RRR549>3.0.CO;2-Q

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Molecular data suggest that this species separated from other species of the

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Harris, A. H. 1993. Quaternary vertebrates of New Mexico. pp. 179–107,

1095: 956: 543:. They may utilize both natural and human-constructed areas when available. 451: 447: 286: 97: 2724: 2663: 2043:"A comparison of small-mammal communities in a desert riparian floodplain" 1546: 847:) white-throated woodrat diet was 29% yucca, 24% juniper, 7% rabbitbrush ( 4462: 4323: 2942: 2809: 2797: 1956:

Biological investigations in the Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas

536: 259: 167: 117: 2341: 2115: 4533: 2847: 2655: 2609: 2536: 2381: 2307: 2261: 2236:

Turkowski, Frank J.; Watkins, Ross K. (1976). "White-throated woodrat (

2209: 2124: 2068: 1916: 1800: 1692: 1467: 1222: 1137: 726: 2706: 4546: 2821: 2803: 2791: 916: 721: 335: 294: 251: 243: 137: 127: 107: 4439: 2601: 2528: 2373: 2299: 2283: 2253: 2201: 2106: 2059: 2042: 1950:

Cornely, John E. (1979) "Ecological distribution of woodrats (genus

1908: 1792: 1684: 1459: 1129: 1195:

Edwards, Cody W.; Fulhorst, Charles F.; Bradley, Robert D. (2001).

839:

Foods eaten by white-throated woodrats depend on availability. In

430:(Alvarez) – Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Nuevo León, and Coahuila, Mexico 370:(J. A. Allen) – Southwestern Chihuahua and central Durango, Mexico 263: 1073:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

705:, all white-throated woodrat houses were located at the bases of 585:

and honey mesquite. Other vegetation included Goodding's willow

255: 4510: 4443: 2751: 1214:

10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0267:MPOTNA>2.0.CO;2

400:(Merriam) – Central Sonora, Chihuahua, and Sinaloa, Mexico 892:

spp.), which maintained a high year-round water content.

1483:

Occasional Papers of the Museum of Texas Tech University

843:

scrub desert and juniper woodlands in northern Arizona (

442:– Colorado, Oklahoma, northeastern New Mexico, and Texas 1985:

Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences

868:) is an important food for the white-throated woodrat. 285:

The animal lives mostly in the Upper and Lower Sonoran

2452:). Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin. Dissertation 1527:

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

1499:

Alvarez, Ticul. (1962) "A new subspecies of woodrat (

911:

Predators of white-throated woodrat include weasels (

4452: 4409: 4321: 4271: 4230: 4206: 4182: 4132: 3909: 3307: 3298: 3270: 3261: 3216: 3192: 3168: 2940: 2931: 2886: 2845: 2836: 1840:. Tempe, AZ: Arizona State University. Dissertation 1413:. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2041:Ellison, Laura E.; van Riper, Charles III (1998). 1175:Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University 581:spp.) and 80% of the area was planted with native 446:In general, white-throated woodrats occupy desert 1525:communities of the southwestern United States". 577:. The area was cleared of nonnative tamarisk ( 535:The white-throated woodrat is well-adapted to 2763: 8: 1438:Hall, E. Raymond; Genoways, Hugh H. (1970). 2397:Regulated Rivers: Research & Management 1409:: White-throated wood rat", pp. 751–754 in 466:) forests, and Madrean evergreen woodland ( 376:(F.W. Miller) – Utah, Colorado, and Arizona 334:. This is consistent with the oldest known 4440: 3304: 3267: 2937: 2842: 2770: 2756: 2748: 1746:. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press. 462:spp.) woodlands, interior ponderosa pine ( 59: 40: 31: 2714: 2114: 2058: 1212: 1109:Macedo, R. H. & Mares, M. A. (1988). 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1722: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1578: 1576: 418:(Townsend) – Northeastern Sonora, Mexico 4702:Fauna of the Southwestern United States 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2486: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2231: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1946: 1854: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1832: 1830: 1774: 1772: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1712: 1710: 1708: 1706: 1704: 1702: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1625: 1623: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1556: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1346: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1314: 1312: 1310: 1308: 1306: 1304: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1003: 997:United States Department of Agriculture 424:(Goldman) – Northeastern Sonora, Mexico 2629: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2476: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2418: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2155: 2153: 2151: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2010: 2008: 2006: 2004: 2002: 2000: 1998: 1944: 1942: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1760: 1758: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1654: 1652: 1650: 1648: 1646: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 458:) cactus communities, pinyon-juniper ( 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 1444:-group of woodrats in central Mexico" 1401: 1399: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1383: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1190: 1188: 326:) about 155,000 years ago during the 7: 859:spp.), 4% saltbush, and 3% ephedra ( 4687:IUCN Red List least concern species 1022:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 764:Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument 539:habitats, but may also be found in 851:spp.), 6% sumac, 5% Apache-plume ( 25: 2685:Kohl, Kevin; Miller, Aaron & 1505:University of Kansas publications 754:Guadalupe Mountains National Park 984: This article incorporates 979: 876:), jumping cholla, and goatnut ( 84: 519:In pinyon-juniper woodlands in 3236:Goldman's diminutive woodrat ( 2288:Journal of Wildlife Management 1781:Journal of Wildlife Management 1078:Johns Hopkins University Press 297:habitats at lower elevations. 1: 4039:Small-toothed harvest mouse ( 2282:Andersen, Douglas C. (1994). 382:(Merriam) – Michoacán, Mexico 374:Neotoma albigula laplataensis 364:(Durrant) – Utah and Colorado 4170:Southern grasshopper mouse ( 4161:Northern grasshopper mouse ( 4152:Mearns's grasshopper mouse ( 4111:Narrow-nosed harvest mouse ( 4102:Sumichrast's harvest mouse ( 3030:Angel de la Guarda woodrat ( 2778:Extant species of subfamily 1411:The mammals of North America 703:San Diego County, California 603:), and California fan palm ( 464:P. ponderosa var. scopulorum 4697:Fauna of the Sonoran Desert 4377:Crested-tailed deer mouse ( 4309:Thomas's giant deer mouse ( 4300:Nelson's giant deer mouse ( 4084:Rodriguez's harvest mouse ( 3940:Short-nosed harvest mouse ( 2362:The Southwestern Naturalist 2330:The Southwestern Naturalist 2095:Journal of Range Management 901:Doña Ana County, New Mexico 874:Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa 802:Timing of major life events 499:Tree, shrub, and rock cover 362:Neotoma albigula brevicauda 250:. It is found from central 4738: 4075:Salt marsh harvest mouse ( 4066:Nicaraguan harvest mouse ( 3668:San Esteban Island mouse ( 3623:Tres Marias Island mouse ( 3386:Northern Baja deer mouse ( 1836:Newton, Mark Alan. (1990) 1405:Hall, E. Raymond. (1981) " 1062:; Carleton, M. D. (2005). 745:. In the Cholla Garden in 670:Cylindropuntia leptocaulis 428:Neotoma albigula subsolana 380:Neotoma albigula latifrons 270:. Populations east of the 4712:Mammals described in 1894 4368:Zempoaltepec deer mouse ( 4291:Oaxaca giant deer mouse ( 4259:Mount Pirri isthmus rat ( 4120:Zacatecas harvest mouse ( 3482:Northwestern deer mouse ( 3084:Southern Plains woodrat ( 2786: 2509:Neotoma lepida intermedia 1539:10.4269/ajtmh.1997.56.273 1362:Neotoma albigula albigula 945:Strix occidentalis lucida 943:), Mexican spotted owls ( 798:) around honey mesquite. 747:Joshua Tree National Park 483:prickly-pear and cholla ( 422:Neotoma albigula sheldoni 398:Neotoma albigula melanura 386:Neotoma albigula leucodon 368:Neotoma albigula durangae 356:Neotoma albigula albigula 219: 214: 196: 189: 81:Scientific classification 79: 57: 48: 39: 34: 4707:Rodents of North America 3967:Chiriqui harvest mouse ( 3931:Guerrero harvest mouse ( 3870:Naked-eared deer mouse ( 2967:White-throated woodrat ( 2563:Texas Journal of Science 2513:Neotoma albigula venusta 1070:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). 961:Pituophis catenifer sayi 663:old building materials. 521:Grant County, New Mexico 440:Neotoma albigula warreni 434:Neotoma albigula venusta 410:Neotoma albigula robusta 392:Neotoma albigula mearnsi 4387:Schmidly's deer mouse ( 4341:Chinanteco deer mouse ( 4194:Mexican volcano mouse ( 4093:Cozumel harvest mouse ( 4030:Mexican harvest mouse ( 4021:Western harvest mouse ( 4012:Eastern harvest mouse ( 3994:Slender harvest mouse ( 3985:Fulvous harvest mouse ( 3958:Volcano harvest mouse ( 3949:Sonoran harvest mouse ( 3861:Guatemalan deer mouse ( 3791:El Carrizo deer mouse ( 3650:Schmidly's deer mouse ( 3048:White-toothed woodrat ( 291:pinyon-juniper woodland 35:White-throated woodrat 4421:Michoacan deer mouse ( 4048:Plains harvest mouse ( 3976:Darien harvest mouse ( 3879:Stirton's deer mouse ( 3703:Zacatecan deer mouse ( 3156:Dusky-footed woodrat ( 3147:Bushy-tailed woodrat ( 2915:Chiriqui brown mouse ( 2906:Alston's brown mouse ( 2874:Northern pygmy mouse ( 2865:Southern pygmy mouse ( 1064:"Superfamily Muroidea" 986:public domain material 617:Habitat with abundant 404:Neotoma albigula melas 234:white-throated woodrat 223:Neotoma albigula varia 4659:Paleobiology Database 4350:Delicate deer mouse ( 4057:Small harvest mouse ( 4003:Hairy harvest mouse ( 3773:Blackish deer mouse ( 3721:Northern rock mouse ( 3614:Nimble-footed mouse ( 3368:Dickey's deer mouse ( 3226:(Diminutive woodrats) 855:spp.), 4% sagebrush ( 606:Washingtonia filifera 416:Neotoma albigula seri 293:in higher country to 266:west to southeastern 4250:Yellow isthmus rat ( 3897:Chiapan deer mouse ( 3888:Yucatan deer mouse ( 3843:Mexican deer mouse ( 3826:Black-tailed mouse ( 3632:White-ankled mouse ( 3579:Winkelmann's mouse ( 3535:White-footed mouse ( 3422:False canyon mouse ( 3395:Angel Island mouse ( 3377:Eva's desert mouse ( 3245:Diminutive woodrat ( 2994:Nicaraguan woodrat ( 2976:Tamaulipan woodrat ( 2517:Journal of Mammalogy 2242:Journal of Mammalogy 2190:Journal of Mammalogy 2047:Journal of Mammalogy 1673:Journal of Mammalogy 1448:Journal of Mammalogy 1375:Tordoff, Harrison B. 1201:Journal of Mammalogy 773:Stenocereus thurberi 713:), skunkbush sumac ( 600:Atriplex lentiformis 4359:Ixtlán deer mouse ( 3747:Puebla deer mouse ( 3491:Black-eared mouse ( 3404:San Lorenzo mouse ( 3359:Burt's deer mouse ( 3111:Stephens' woodrat ( 3066:Allegheny woodrat ( 3057:Big-eared woodrat ( 3021:Goldman's woodrat ( 2648:1988Oecol..76..531D 2594:1989Ecol...70.1507B 1901:1972Ecol...53..310B 929:Bassariscus astutus 780:Other shelter sites 619:coarse woody debris 613:Coarse woody debris 594:Parkinsonia florida 493:coarse woody debris 406:(Dice) – New Mexico 394:(Goldman) – Arizona 51:Conservation status 4142:(Grasshopper mice) 3808:Brown deer mouse ( 3641:Chihuahuan mouse ( 3509:Santa Cruz mouse ( 3406:P. interparietalis 3333:California mouse ( 3328:californicus group 3093:Nelson's woodrat ( 2985:Bryant's woodrat ( 2656:10.1007/BF00397865 1043:}}: old-form url ( 654:Building materials 637:Cover requirements 623:Trinidad, Colorado 591:, blue paloverde ( 583:Fremont cottonwood 456:Carnegiea gigantea 242:) is a species of 4674: 4673: 4646:Open Tree of Life 4446:Taxon identifiers 4437: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4397:Jico deer mouse ( 4334: 4284: 4281:(Giant deer mice) 4243: 4145: 3924: 3733:melanophrys group 3468:maniculatus group 3424:P. pseudocrinitus 3320: 3300:Reithrodontomyini 3294: 3293: 3257: 3256: 3229: 3204:Allen's woodrat ( 3129:Sonoran woodrat ( 3075:Mexican woodrat ( 3012:Eastern woodrat ( 3003:Arizona woodrat ( 2953: 2927: 2926: 2899: 2858: 2707:10.1111/oik.02004 1440:"Taxonomy of the 1122:Mammalian Species 1087:978-0-8018-8221-0 949:great horned owls 743:teddy bear cholla 597:), big saltbush ( 560:Human constructed 478:Preferred habitat 311:Neotoma floridana 306:Neotoma floridana 289:, occurring from 230: 229: 74: 27:Species of rodent 16:(Redirected from 4729: 4667: 4666: 4654: 4653: 4641: 4640: 4628: 4627: 4615: 4614: 4602: 4601: 4589: 4588: 4576: 4575: 4563: 4562: 4550: 4549: 4537: 4536: 4524: 4523: 4514: 4513: 4501: 4500: 4498:Neotoma_albigula 4488: 4487: 4486: 4484:Neotoma albigula 4473: 4472: 4471: 4454:Neotoma albigula 4441: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4144: 4143: 4139: 3923: 3922: 3916: 3863:P. guatemalensis 3852:Big deer mouse ( 3712:Osgood's mouse ( 3570:Gleaning mouse ( 3518:Slevin's mouse ( 3500:Oldfield mouse ( 3439:Hooper's mouse ( 3413:Mesquite mouse ( 3319: 3318: 3314: 3305: 3268: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3102:Bolaños woodrat( 3039:Desert woodrat ( 2978:N. angustapalata 2952: 2951: 2947: 2938: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2843: 2816:Euarchontoglires 2772: 2765: 2758: 2749: 2729: 2728: 2718: 2682: 2676: 2675: 2631: 2614: 2613: 2588:(5): 1507–1525. 2577: 2571: 2570: 2559:Neotoma albigula 2554: 2541: 2540: 2504: 2481: 2478: 2453: 2450:Neotoma albigula 2446: 2413: 2412: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2357: 2346: 2345: 2325: 2312: 2311: 2279: 2266: 2265: 2238:Neotoma albigula 2233: 2214: 2213: 2185: 2168: 2165: 2146: 2142: 2129: 2128: 2118: 2090: 2073: 2072: 2062: 2038: 2015: 2012: 1993: 1992: 1980: 1959: 1948: 1921: 1920: 1884: 1859: 1856: 1841: 1834: 1805: 1804: 1776: 1747: 1740: 1697: 1696: 1669:Neotoma albigula 1664: 1631: 1627: 1598: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1551: 1550: 1521: 1508: 1497: 1491: 1490: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1442:Neotoma albigula 1435: 1422: 1407:Neotoma albigula 1403: 1378: 1371: 1365: 1358: 1253: 1250: 1227: 1226: 1216: 1192: 1183: 1182: 1170: 1164: 1163: 1161: 1160: 1154: 1148:. Archived from 1119: 1113:Neotoma albigula 1106: 1100: 1099: 1080:. p. 1053. 1076:(3rd ed.). 1056: 1050: 1048: 1037: 1035: 1033: 1015:Neotoma albigula 1008: 1000: 992:Neotoma albigula 983: 982: 953:Bubo virginianus 937:American badgers 925:ring-tailed cats 588:Salix gooddingii 323:Neotoma leucodon 317:Neotoma micropus 280:Neotoma leucodon 239:Neotoma albigula 202: 200:Neotoma albigula 182:N. albigula 89: 88: 68: 63: 62: 44: 32: 21: 18:Neotoma albigula 4737: 4736: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4727: 4726: 4677: 4676: 4675: 4670: 4662: 4657: 4649: 4644: 4636: 4631: 4623: 4618: 4610: 4605: 4597: 4592: 4584: 4579: 4571: 4566: 4558: 4553: 4545: 4540: 4532: 4527: 4519: 4517: 4509: 4504: 4496: 4491: 4482: 4481: 4476: 4467: 4466: 4461: 4448: 4438: 4429: 4405: 4330: 4329: 4327: 4317: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4267: 4239: 4238: 4236: 4226: 4218:Florida mouse ( 4202: 4178: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4128: 4113:R. tenuirostris 3942:R. brevirostris 3920: 3918: 3917: 3915: 3912:Reithrodontomys 3905: 3838:mexicanus group 3819:P. melanocarpus 3738:Plateau mouse ( 3659:Nayarit mouse ( 3335:P. californicus 3316: 3315: 3313: 3290: 3253: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3212: 3188: 3180:Magdalena rat ( 3164: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2923: 2917:S. xerampelinus 2895: 2894: 2892: 2882: 2854: 2853: 2851: 2832: 2782: 2776: 2737: 2735:Further reading 2732: 2687:Dearing, Denise 2684: 2683: 2679: 2633: 2632: 2617: 2602:10.2307/1938209 2579: 2578: 2574: 2556: 2555: 2544: 2529:10.2307/1379478 2506: 2505: 2484: 2479: 2456: 2447: 2416: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2374:10.2307/3672654 2359: 2358: 2349: 2327: 2326: 2315: 2300:10.2307/3809315 2281: 2280: 2269: 2254:10.2307/1379311 2235: 2234: 2217: 2202:10.2307/1379148 2187: 2186: 2171: 2166: 2149: 2143: 2132: 2107:10.2307/3899682 2092: 2091: 2076: 2060:10.2307/1383105 2040: 2039: 2018: 2013: 1996: 1982: 1981: 1962: 1949: 1924: 1909:10.2307/1934087 1886: 1885: 1862: 1857: 1844: 1835: 1808: 1793:10.2307/3796265 1778: 1777: 1750: 1744:Packrat middens 1741: 1700: 1685:10.2307/1378961 1666: 1665: 1634: 1628: 1601: 1596: 1592: 1587: 1554: 1523: 1522: 1511: 1498: 1494: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1460:10.2307/1378390 1437: 1436: 1425: 1404: 1381: 1372: 1368: 1359: 1256: 1251: 1230: 1194: 1193: 1186: 1172: 1171: 1167: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1130:10.2307/3504165 1117: 1108: 1107: 1103: 1088: 1058: 1057: 1053: 1038: 1031: 1029: 1010: 1009: 1005: 989: 980: 977: 909: 866:Y. baileyi 845:Coconino County 833: 804: 782: 766:in Arizona and 719:), bear grass ( 688: 679: 656: 639: 615: 567:Mesquite Bosque 562: 549: 533: 501: 480: 460:Pinus-Juniperus 412:(Blair) – Texas 348: 328:Illinoian Stage 210: 204: 198: 185: 83: 75: 64: 60: 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4735: 4733: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4679: 4678: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4655: 4642: 4629: 4616: 4603: 4590: 4577: 4564: 4551: 4538: 4525: 4515: 4502: 4489: 4474: 4458: 4456: 4450: 4449: 4444: 4435: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4427: 4417: 4415: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4403: 4394: 4383: 4374: 4365: 4356: 4352:H. delicatulus 4347: 4337: 4335: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4315: 4306: 4297: 4287: 4285: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4265: 4256: 4246: 4244: 4240:(Isthmus rats) 4228: 4227: 4225: 4224: 4214: 4212: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4200: 4190: 4188: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4176: 4167: 4163:O. leucogaster 4158: 4148: 4146: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4126: 4117: 4108: 4104:R. sumichrasti 4099: 4095:R. spectabilis 4090: 4081: 4077:R. raviventris 4072: 4063: 4054: 4045: 4036: 4027: 4018: 4009: 4000: 3991: 3982: 3978:R. darienensis 3973: 3964: 3955: 3946: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3907: 3906: 3904: 3903: 3894: 3890:P. yucatanicus 3885: 3876: 3867: 3858: 3849: 3833: 3832: 3823: 3817:Zempoaltepec ( 3814: 3803:megalops group 3798: 3797: 3793:P. ochraventer 3788: 3779: 3763: 3762: 3753: 3744: 3740:P. melanophrys 3728: 3727: 3718: 3709: 3700: 3694:Perote mouse ( 3691: 3685:Pinyon mouse ( 3675: 3674: 3665: 3656: 3647: 3638: 3629: 3620: 3611: 3602: 3586: 3585: 3581:P. winkelmanni 3576: 3567: 3551: 3550: 3544:Cotton mouse ( 3541: 3530:leucopus group 3525: 3524: 3515: 3506: 3497: 3488: 3479: 3475:P. maniculatus 3463: 3462: 3456:Canyon mouse ( 3451:crinitus group 3446: 3445: 3429: 3428: 3419: 3410: 3401: 3392: 3388:P. fraterculus 3383: 3374: 3365: 3356: 3350:Cactus mouse ( 3345:eremicus group 3340: 3339: 3323: 3321: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3282:Golden mouse ( 3278: 3276: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3251: 3242: 3232: 3230: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3210: 3200: 3198: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3166: 3165: 3163: 3162: 3153: 3136: 3135: 3118: 3117: 3108: 3099: 3090: 3081: 3072: 3063: 3054: 3045: 3036: 3027: 3018: 3009: 3000: 2996:N. chrysomelas 2991: 2982: 2973: 2956: 2954: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2925: 2924: 2922: 2921: 2912: 2902: 2900: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2880: 2871: 2861: 2859: 2840: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2830: 2824: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2794: 2787: 2784: 2783: 2777: 2775: 2774: 2767: 2760: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2730: 2701:(7): 835–841. 2677: 2642:(4): 531–537. 2615: 2572: 2542: 2523:(3): 653–666. 2482: 2454: 2414: 2403:(5): 377–393. 2387: 2368:(4): 519–526. 2347: 2336:(2): 155–162. 2313: 2294:(3): 445–454. 2267: 2248:(3): 586–591. 2215: 2196:(2): 529–535. 2169: 2147: 2130: 2074: 2053:(3): 972–985. 2016: 1994: 1960: 1922: 1895:(2): 310–313. 1860: 1842: 1806: 1748: 1698: 1679:(3): 594–610. 1632: 1599: 1590: 1552: 1509: 1492: 1473: 1454:(3): 504–516. 1423: 1379: 1366: 1254: 1228: 1207:(2): 267–279. 1184: 1165: 1101: 1086: 1051: 1002: 976: 973: 908: 905: 832: 829: 803: 800: 796:D. spectabilis 781: 778: 735:Soaptree yucca 716:Rhus trilobata 711:Sambucus nigra 707:honey mesquite 687: 684: 678: 675: 655: 652: 638: 635: 614: 611: 575:Colorado River 561: 558: 548: 545: 541:riparian areas 532: 529: 505:ponderosa pine 500: 497: 485:Cylindropuntia 479: 476: 444: 443: 437: 431: 425: 419: 413: 407: 401: 395: 389: 383: 377: 371: 365: 359: 347: 344: 246:in the family 228: 227: 217: 216: 212: 211: 205: 194: 193: 187: 186: 179: 177: 173: 172: 165: 161: 160: 155: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 135: 131: 130: 125: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 95: 91: 90: 77: 76: 58: 55: 54: 49: 46: 45: 37: 36: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4734: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4665: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4464: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4442: 4426: 4424: 4423:O. banderanus 4419: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4413: 4408: 4402: 4400: 4395: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4384: 4382: 4380: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4343:H. chinanteco 4339: 4338: 4336: 4326: 4325: 4320: 4314: 4312: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4293:M. cryophilus 4289: 4288: 4286: 4276: 4275: 4270: 4264: 4262: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4248: 4247: 4245: 4235: 4234: 4229: 4223: 4221: 4220:P. floridanus 4216: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4199: 4197: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4175: 4173: 4168: 4166: 4164: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4150: 4149: 4147: 4137: 4136: 4131: 4125: 4123: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4100: 4098: 4096: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4086:R. rodriguezi 4082: 4080: 4078: 4073: 4071: 4069: 4064: 4062: 4060: 4055: 4053: 4051: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4019: 4017: 4015: 4010: 4008: 4006: 4001: 3999: 3997: 3992: 3990: 3988: 3987:R. fulvescens 3983: 3981: 3979: 3974: 3972: 3970: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3960:R. chrysopsis 3956: 3954: 3952: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3921:harvest mice) 3914: 3913: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3899:P. zarhynchus 3895: 3893: 3891: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3835: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3780: 3778: 3776: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756:Marsh mouse ( 3754: 3752: 3750: 3749:P. mekisturus 3745: 3743: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3730: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3705:P. difficilis 3701: 3699: 3697: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3666: 3664: 3662: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3648: 3646: 3644: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3634:P. pectoralis 3630: 3628: 3626: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3605:Texas mouse ( 3603: 3601: 3599: 3596:Brush mouse ( 3593: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3577: 3575: 3573: 3572:P. spicilegus 3568: 3566: 3564: 3561:Aztec mouse ( 3558: 3557: 3556:aztecus group 3553: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3546:P. gossypinus 3542: 3540: 3538: 3532: 3531: 3527: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3507: 3505: 3503: 3502:P. polionotus 3498: 3496: 3494: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3434:hooperi group 3431: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3420: 3418: 3416: 3411: 3409: 3407: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3274: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3260: 3250: 3248: 3247:N. neotomodon 3243: 3241: 3239: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3209: 3207: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3197: 3196: 3191: 3185: 3183: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3173: 3172: 3167: 3161: 3159: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3138: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3126: 3125: 3120: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3073: 3071: 3069: 3064: 3062: 3060: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3014:N. floridana 3010: 3008: 3006: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2945: 2944: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2879: 2877: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2850: 2849: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2829: 2825: 2823: 2819: 2817: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2785: 2781: 2773: 2768: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2753: 2750: 2743: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2726: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2681: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2576: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2391: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2356: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2152: 2148: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2131: 2126: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1947: 1945: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1883: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1855: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1807: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1775: 1773: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1763: 1761: 1759: 1757: 1755: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1653: 1651: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1637: 1633: 1626: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1600: 1594: 1591: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1533:(3): 273–84. 1532: 1528: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1496: 1493: 1489:(12–1): 1–17. 1488: 1484: 1477: 1474: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1443: 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1402: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1357: 1355: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1333: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1301: 1299: 1297: 1295: 1293: 1291: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1255: 1249: 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1180: 1176: 1169: 1166: 1155:on 2016-03-04 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1116: 1114: 1105: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1068:Wilson, D. E. 1065: 1061: 1060:Musser, G. G. 1055: 1052: 1046: 1042: 1028: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1016: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 994: 993: 987: 974: 972: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 941:Taxidea taxus 938: 934: 933:Canis latrans 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 906: 904: 902: 897: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 869: 867: 862: 858: 854: 850: 849:Chrysothamnus 846: 842: 837: 830: 828: 824: 820: 816: 812: 808: 801: 799: 797: 792: 786: 779: 777: 775: 774: 769: 765: 760: 757: 755: 750: 748: 744: 738: 736: 730: 728: 724: 723: 718: 717: 712: 708: 704: 700: 699:creosote bush 695: 691: 685: 683: 677:Shelter sites 676: 674: 672: 671: 664: 660: 653: 651: 647: 643: 636: 634: 630: 626: 624: 620: 612: 610: 608: 607: 602: 601: 596: 595: 590: 589: 584: 580: 576: 571: 568: 559: 557: 553: 546: 544: 542: 538: 530: 528: 524: 522: 517: 513: 510: 506: 498: 496: 494: 489: 486: 477: 475: 473: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 441: 438: 435: 432: 429: 426: 423: 420: 417: 414: 411: 408: 405: 402: 399: 396: 393: 390: 387: 384: 381: 378: 375: 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 354: 353: 352: 345: 343: 341: 340:Slaton, Texas 337: 333: 329: 325: 324: 319: 318: 313: 312: 307: 302: 298: 296: 292: 288: 283: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 240: 235: 226: 225: 224: 218: 213: 208: 203: 201: 195: 192: 191:Binomial name 188: 184: 183: 178: 175: 174: 171: 170: 166: 163: 162: 159: 156: 153: 152: 149: 146: 143: 142: 139: 136: 133: 132: 129: 126: 123: 122: 119: 116: 113: 112: 109: 106: 103: 102: 99: 96: 93: 92: 87: 82: 78: 72: 67: 66:Least Concern 56: 52: 47: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 4717:Desert fauna 4453: 4422: 4410: 4399:H. simulatus 4398: 4389:H. schmidlyi 4388: 4385: 4378: 4369: 4360: 4351: 4342: 4322: 4310: 4301: 4292: 4274:Megadontomys 4272: 4261:I. pirrensis 4260: 4251: 4231: 4219: 4207: 4195: 4183: 4171: 4162: 4154:O. arenicola 4153: 4133: 4122:R. zacatecae 4121: 4112: 4103: 4094: 4085: 4076: 4068:R. paradoxus 4067: 4058: 4049: 4040: 4032:R. mexicanus 4031: 4023:R. megalotis 4022: 4013: 4004: 3995: 3986: 3977: 3968: 3959: 3950: 3941: 3932: 3910: 3898: 3889: 3880: 3871: 3862: 3853: 3845:P. mexicanus 3844: 3837: 3836: 3828:P. melanurus 3827: 3818: 3809: 3802: 3801: 3792: 3783: 3782:Maya mouse ( 3774: 3768:furvus group 3767: 3766: 3758:P. perfulvus 3757: 3748: 3739: 3732: 3731: 3722: 3713: 3704: 3695: 3686: 3679: 3678: 3669: 3660: 3652:P. schmidlyi 3651: 3642: 3633: 3625:P. madrensis 3624: 3615: 3607:P. attwateri 3606: 3597: 3591:boylii group 3590: 3589: 3580: 3571: 3562: 3555: 3554: 3545: 3536: 3529: 3528: 3519: 3510: 3501: 3493:P. melanotis 3492: 3483: 3474: 3473:Deer mouse ( 3467: 3466: 3457: 3450: 3449: 3440: 3433: 3432: 3423: 3414: 3405: 3396: 3387: 3378: 3369: 3360: 3351: 3344: 3343: 3334: 3327: 3326: 3308: 3283: 3271: 3263:Ochrotomyini 3246: 3237: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3181: 3169: 3157: 3148: 3141: 3139: 3130: 3123: 3121: 3113:N. stephensi 3112: 3103: 3094: 3085: 3076: 3067: 3058: 3049: 3040: 3032:N. insularis 3031: 3022: 3013: 3004: 2995: 2986: 2977: 2968: 2966: 2961: 2959: 2941: 2916: 2907: 2896:(Brown mice) 2887: 2875: 2866: 2855:(Pygmy mice) 2846: 2814:Superorder: 2808:Infraclass: 2741: 2698: 2694: 2680: 2639: 2635: 2585: 2581: 2575: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2449: 2400: 2396: 2390: 2365: 2361: 2333: 2329: 2291: 2287: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2193: 2189: 2116:10150/645559 2101:(1): 31–34. 2098: 2094: 2050: 2046: 1988: 1984: 1955: 1951: 1892: 1888: 1837: 1787:(1): 37–43. 1784: 1780: 1743: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1593: 1530: 1526: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1486: 1482: 1476: 1451: 1447: 1441: 1410: 1406: 1369: 1361: 1204: 1200: 1178: 1174: 1168: 1157:. Retrieved 1150:the original 1124:(310): 1–7. 1121: 1112: 1104: 1072: 1054: 1030:. Retrieved 1026: 1020: 1014: 1006: 991: 978: 968: 965:rattlesnakes 960: 952: 944: 940: 932: 931:), coyotes ( 928: 920: 912: 910: 898: 894: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 870: 865: 860: 856: 852: 848: 838: 834: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 795: 790: 787: 783: 771: 761: 758: 751: 739: 731: 720: 714: 696: 692: 689: 680: 668: 665: 661: 657: 648: 644: 640: 631: 627: 616: 604: 598: 592: 586: 578: 572: 563: 554: 550: 534: 525: 518: 514: 502: 490: 484: 481: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 445: 439: 433: 427: 421: 415: 409: 403: 397: 391: 385: 379: 373: 367: 361: 355: 349: 346:Distribution 321: 315: 309: 305: 303: 299: 284: 279: 238: 237: 233: 231: 221: 220: 199: 197: 181: 180: 168: 29: 4620:NatureServe 4542:iNaturalist 4478:Wikispecies 4379:H. lophurus 4370:H. lepturus 4331:(Deer mice) 4252:I. flavidus 4172:O. torridus 4050:R. montanus 4041:R. microdon 4005:R. hirsutus 3996:R. gracilis 3881:P. stirtoni 3872:P. gymnotis 3810:P. megalops 3784:P. mayensis 3696:P. bullatus 3680:truei group 3670:P. stephani 3537:P. leucopus 3458:P. crinitus 3415:P. merriami 3361:P. caniceps 3352:P. eremicus 3317:(Deer mice) 3284:O. nuttalli 3238:N. goldmani 3158:N. fuscipes 3104:N. palatina 3086:N. micropus 3077:N. mexicana 3068:N. magister 3059:N. macrotis 3050:N. leucodon 3023:N. goldmani 2969:N. albigula 2950:(Pack rats) 2867:B. musculus 2569:(1): 25–30. 841:Great Basin 831:Food habits 454:, saguaro ( 450:, semiarid 332:Pleistocene 215:Subspecies 154:Subfamily: 4722:Xerophiles 4681:Categories 4412:Osgoodomys 4361:H. ixtlani 4311:M. thomasi 4302:M. nelsoni 4196:N. alstoni 4185:Neotomodon 4059:R. musseri 4014:R. humulis 3919:(New World 3854:P. grandis 3723:P. nasutus 3661:P. simulus 3616:P. levipes 3563:P. aztecus 3520:P. slevini 3511:P. sejugis 3441:P. hooperi 3397:P. guardia 3370:P. dickeyi 3310:Peromyscus 3273:Ochrotomys 3182:X. nelsoni 3149:N. cinerea 3095:N. nelsoni 3041:N. lepida 2987:N. bryanti 2908:S. teguina 2889:Scotinomys 2876:B. taylori 2828:Cricetidae 2780:Neotominae 1419:1930665350 1159:2013-09-18 975:References 957:bullsnakes 921:Lynx rufus 888:spp., and 878:Simmondsia 768:New Mexico 725:spp.), or 509:Gambel oak 452:shrublands 448:grasslands 287:life zones 276:New Mexico 272:Rio Grande 268:California 248:Cricetidae 158:Neotominae 148:Cricetidae 4233:Isthmomys 4135:Onychomys 3969:R. creper 3933:R. bakeri 3775:P. furvus 3714:P. gratus 3643:P. polius 3598:P. boylii 3206:H. alleni 3140:Subgenus 3131:N. phenax 3122:Subgenus 2960:Subgenus 2933:Neotomini 2838:Baiomyini 2790:Kingdom: 2636:Oecologia 1146:254006463 1041:cite iucn 907:Predators 890:Juniperus 857:Artemisia 791:Dipodomys 254:north to 176:Species: 104:Kingdom: 98:Eukaryota 4625:2.799195 4612:13000404 4560:10582545 4469:Q1769409 4463:Wikidata 4324:Habromys 3951:R. burti 3687:P. truei 3484:P. keeni 3219:Nelsonia 3124:Teanopus 3005:N. devia 2826:Family: 2822:Rodentia 2810:Eutheria 2804:Mammalia 2798:Chordata 2796:Phylum: 2792:Animalia 2725:33859445 2689:(2014). 2672:22861069 2664:28312403 2342:30055351 2145:Station. 1991:: 27–42. 1630:Zoology. 1096:62265494 969:Crotalus 853:Fallugia 531:Riparian 260:Colorado 144:Family: 138:Rodentia 128:Mammalia 118:Chordata 114:Phylum: 108:Animalia 94:Domain: 71:IUCN 3.1 4692:Neotoma 4599:1002226 4534:2438454 4209:Podomys 3195:Hodomys 3171:Xenomys 3142:Teonoma 2962:Neotoma 2943:Neotoma 2848:Baiomys 2820:Order: 2802:Class: 2716:8046181 2644:Bibcode 2610:1938209 2590:Bibcode 2582:Ecology 2537:1379478 2382:3672654 2308:3809315 2262:1379311 2210:1379148 2125:3899682 2069:1383105 1952:Neotoma 1917:1934087 1897:Bibcode 1889:Ecology 1801:3796265 1693:1378961 1547:9129529 1501:Neotoma 1468:1378390 1223:1383709 1181:: 1–32. 1138:3504165 1032:25 July 971:spp.). 963:), and 917:bobcats 915:spp.), 913:Mustela 882:Ephedra 861:Ephedra 727:saguaro 579:Tamarix 547:Natural 474:spp.). 472:Quercus 336:fossils 330:of the 308:group ( 207:Hartley 169:Neotoma 164:Genus: 134:Order: 124:Class: 69: ( 4651:156843 4573:180370 4518:FEIS: 4511:328452 3379:P. eva 2723: 2713: 2670: 2662: 2608: 2535: 2380: 2340: 2306: 2260: 2208: 2123: 2067: 1915: 1799: 1691: 1545: 1466: 1417: 1221: 1144: 1136: 1094: 1084: 884:spp., 789:rats ( 722:Nolina 686:Plants 295:desert 252:Mexico 244:rodent 209:, 1894 4664:49112 4638:42408 4586:14582 4555:IRMNG 4547:44748 2695:Oikos 2668:S2CID 2606:JSTOR 2533:JSTOR 2378:JSTOR 2338:JSTOR 2304:JSTOR 2258:JSTOR 2206:JSTOR 2121:JSTOR 2065:JSTOR 1913:JSTOR 1797:JSTOR 1689:JSTOR 1464:JSTOR 1219:JSTOR 1153:(PDF) 1142:S2CID 1134:JSTOR 1118:(PDF) 1066:. In 988:from 886:Yucca 537:xeric 470:spp.- 468:Pinus 338:from 264:Texas 4633:NCBI 4581:IUCN 4568:ITIS 4529:GBIF 4521:neal 2721:PMID 2660:PMID 2511:and 1543:PMID 1415:ISBN 1092:OCLC 1082:ISBN 1045:help 1034:2009 1027:2008 258:and 256:Utah 232:The 4607:MSW 4594:MDD 4506:EoL 4493:ADW 2711:PMC 2703:doi 2699:124 2652:doi 2598:doi 2525:doi 2515:". 2405:doi 2370:doi 2296:doi 2250:doi 2198:doi 2111:hdl 2103:doi 2055:doi 1905:doi 1789:doi 1681:doi 1671:". 1535:doi 1456:doi 1209:doi 1179:240 1126:doi 955:), 947:), 935:), 923:), 752:In 701:in 609:). 282:). 274:in 4683:: 4661:: 4648:: 4635:: 4622:: 4609:: 4596:: 4583:: 4570:: 4557:: 4544:: 4531:: 4508:: 4495:: 4480:: 4465:: 3841:: 3806:: 3771:: 3736:: 3683:: 3594:: 3559:: 3533:: 3471:: 3454:: 3437:: 3348:: 3331:: 3145:: 3127:: 2965:: 2742:in 2719:. 2709:. 2697:. 2693:. 2666:. 2658:. 2650:. 2640:76 2638:. 2618:^ 2604:. 2596:. 2586:70 2584:. 2567:51 2565:. 2545:^ 2531:. 2521:56 2519:. 2485:^ 2457:^ 2417:^ 2401:15 2399:. 2376:. 2366:47 2364:. 2350:^ 2334:42 2332:. 2316:^ 2302:. 2292:58 2290:. 2286:. 2270:^ 2256:. 2246:57 2244:. 2218:^ 2204:. 2194:54 2192:. 2172:^ 2150:^ 2133:^ 2119:. 2109:. 2099:39 2097:. 2077:^ 2063:. 2051:79 2049:. 2045:. 2019:^ 1997:^ 1989:64 1987:. 1963:^ 1925:^ 1911:. 1903:. 1893:53 1891:. 1863:^ 1845:^ 1809:^ 1795:. 1783:. 1751:^ 1701:^ 1687:. 1677:54 1675:. 1635:^ 1602:^ 1555:^ 1541:. 1531:56 1529:. 1512:^ 1487:62 1485:. 1462:. 1452:51 1450:. 1446:. 1426:^ 1382:^ 1257:^ 1231:^ 1217:. 1205:82 1203:. 1199:. 1187:^ 1177:. 1140:. 1132:. 1120:. 1090:. 1039:{{ 1025:. 1019:. 995:. 729:. 320:, 314:, 4425:) 4401:) 4391:) 4381:) 4372:) 4363:) 4354:) 4345:) 4313:) 4304:) 4295:) 4263:) 4254:) 4222:) 4198:) 4174:) 4165:) 4156:) 4124:) 4115:) 4106:) 4097:) 4088:) 4079:) 4070:) 4061:) 4052:) 4043:) 4034:) 4025:) 4016:) 4007:) 3998:) 3989:) 3980:) 3971:) 3962:) 3953:) 3944:) 3935:) 3901:) 3892:) 3883:) 3874:) 3865:) 3856:) 3847:) 3830:) 3821:) 3812:) 3795:) 3786:) 3777:) 3760:) 3751:) 3742:) 3725:) 3716:) 3707:) 3698:) 3689:) 3672:) 3663:) 3654:) 3645:) 3636:) 3627:) 3618:) 3609:) 3600:) 3583:) 3574:) 3565:) 3548:) 3539:) 3522:) 3513:) 3504:) 3495:) 3486:) 3477:) 3460:) 3443:) 3426:) 3417:) 3408:) 3399:) 3390:) 3381:) 3372:) 3363:) 3354:) 3337:) 3286:) 3249:) 3240:) 3208:) 3184:) 3160:) 3151:) 3133:) 3115:) 3106:) 3097:) 3088:) 3079:) 3070:) 3061:) 3052:) 3043:) 3034:) 3025:) 3016:) 3007:) 2998:) 2989:) 2980:) 2971:) 2919:) 2910:) 2878:) 2869:) 2771:e 2764:t 2757:v 2727:. 2705:: 2674:. 2654:: 2646:: 2612:. 2600:: 2592:: 2539:. 2527:: 2411:. 2407:: 2384:. 2372:: 2344:. 2310:. 2298:: 2264:. 2252:: 2212:. 2200:: 2127:. 2113:: 2105:: 2071:. 2057:: 1919:. 1907:: 1899:: 1803:. 1791:: 1785:4 1695:. 1683:: 1549:. 1537:: 1470:. 1458:: 1421:. 1225:. 1211:: 1162:. 1128:: 1115:" 1111:" 1098:. 1047:) 1036:. 1017:" 1013:" 999:. 967:( 959:( 951:( 939:( 927:( 919:( 872:( 667:( 507:- 236:( 73:) 20:)

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