104:
132:
1046:(5.96–5.33 million years ago) the Mediterranean sea evaporated allowing animals from the Iberian Peninsula to disperse to the Balearics. Later becoming isolated on the island when the Mediterranean refilled as result of the
1066:
transition, when episodes of low sea level connected the two islands. During most of its existence, it represented only one of three terrestrial mammal lineages native to the
Balearic islands, alongside the giant dormouse
1274:"The use of the species concept in paleontology. Comment on "Nesiotites rafelinensis sp. nov., the earliest shrew (Mammalia, Soricidae) from the Balearic Islands, Spain" by Rofes et al., 2012"
1087:, became extinct shortly after human settlement of the Balearics, which occurred sometime prior to 2282 BC, with the youngest radiocarbon date for the species dating to approximately 3027 BC.
1353:"How common is gigantism in insular fossil shrews? Examining the 'Island Rule' in soricids (Mammalia: Soricomorpha) from Mediterranean Islands using new body mass estimation models"
1148:
Bover, Pere; Mitchell, Kieren J.; Llamas, Bastien; Rofes, Juan; Thomson, Vicki A.; Cuenca-Bescós, Gloria; Alcover, Josep A.; Cooper, Alan; Pons, Joan (August 2018).
1576:
1615:
1550:
1589:
489:, known from the Late Miocene-Holocene of Europe and North Africa, which now includes the Corsican and Sardinian species formerly included in
1417:"Asynchronous ecological upheavals on the Western Mediterranean islands: New insights on the extinction of their autochthonous small mammals"
1150:"Molecular phylogenetics supports the origin of an endemic Balearic shrew lineage (Nesiotites) coincident with the Messinian Salinity Crisis"
1314:"First evidence of faunal succession in terrestrial vertebrates of the Plio-Pleistocene of the Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean"
1015:
being estimated at 26.63–29.31 grams (0.939–1.034 oz), being exceeded in size amongst
Nectogalini only by Asiatic water shrews (
1607:
1237:"Proportions, characters and chronologies: their contribution to systematic paleontology. A rebuttal to Furió and Pons-Monjo"
1594:
1669:
1602:
1511:
1620:
1415:
Valenzuela, Alejandro; Torres-Roig, Enric; Zoboli, Daniel; Pillola, Gian Luigi; Alcover, Josep Antoni (2021-11-29).
131:
1236:
1043:
1273:
384:) (the validity of this species disputed, as some authors contend that it is not morphologically distinct from
999:(estimated to weigh 8.85 grams (0.312 oz)), as well to most other members of Nectogalini, an example of
559:
1679:
1464:
1516:
1641:
836:
810:
1537:
793:
684:
521:
424:
1674:
1003:. The species of the genus showed an increase in body size over time, with the estimated weight of
366:
is now generally used exclusively for the
Balearic species, as otherwise the genus would likely be
1444:
1386:"New data on the origin of Nesiotites (Soricidae, Mammalia) in Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)"
1385:
1333:
1313:
1177:
1105:
924:
476:
413:
126:
1646:
103:
1628:
1581:
1524:
1436:
1291:
1254:
1169:
1125:
898:
577:
405:
296:
1633:
1428:
1416:
1397:
1364:
1325:
1281:
1244:
1215:
1161:
1117:
1000:
420:). These are largely distinguished by differences in body size and characters of the teeth.
316:
1502:
881:
472:
432:
1047:
616:
500:
within
Nectogalini based on DNA and morphological characters after Bover et al (2018):
308:
479:
approximately 6.44 million years ago. Based on morphological data, it is thought that
1663:
1448:
1337:
374:
339:
223:
61:
1204:
sp. nov., the earliest shrew (Mammalia, Soricidae) from the
Balearic Islands, Spain"
1529:
1181:
771:
455:
443:
367:
183:
1563:
1496:
1165:
1063:
507:
300:
203:
36:
1401:
1329:
1432:
1121:
995:
732:
485:
393:
81:
46:
1487:
1440:
1295:
1258:
1129:
362:) were included in the genus, but these are now rejected from the genus, and
1075:
1035:
859:
461:
449:
437:
143:
86:
1173:
1106:"LXIII.— Pleistocene shrews from the larger Western Mediterranean Islands"
1481:
1069:
1051:
1031:
417:
381:
351:
320:
312:
163:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
993:
exhibited a large body size compared to their likely mainland ancestor,
441:), and related to other terrestrial nectogaline shrews known from Asia (
1555:
1149:
1059:
1039:
347:
324:
304:
91:
66:
1568:
1369:
1352:
601:
467:
173:
153:
117:
1458:
1384:
Pons-Monjo, Guillem; Moyà-Solà, Salvador; Furió, Marc (July 2012).
193:
1286:
1249:
1220:
1199:
1462:
1198:
Rofes, J.; Bover, P.; Cuenca-Bescós, G.; Alcover, J.A. (2012).
483:
is closely related and likely descended from the extinct genus
1542:
475:
analysis suggests that
Himalayan shrews and Balearic shrews
1235:
Rofes, J; Bover, P; Cuenca-Bescós, G; Alcover, Ja (2013).
1011:
being 14.58 grams (0.514 oz) while the last species,
1050:
around 5.3 million years ago, at the beginning of the
16:
Extinct genus of shrew native to the
Balearic Islands
1351:
Moncunill-Sole, B.; Jordana, X.; Köhler, M. (2016).
728:
708:
633:
1471:
1312:Cardona, Josep Quintana; Agusti, Jordi (May 2019).
431:, their closest living relative is the terrestrial
453:), rather than to the nectogaline water shrews (
8:
346:Originally, two species from the islands of
1193:
1191:
1459:
102:
20:
1368:
1357:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1285:
1248:
1219:
1096:
1110:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
111:Size comparison of the Balearic shrew
1154:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1104:Bate, Dorothea M.A. (November 1944).
342:in 1945, with the type species being
7:
1307:
1305:
1143:
1141:
1139:
873:
866:
785:
778:
766:
701:
676:
669:
608:
551:
544:
537:
513:
503:
14:
1272:Furió, M; Pons-Monjo, G (2013).
130:
1:
295:is an extinct genus of large
1073:and the dwarf goat-antelope
338:was originally described by
1166:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.028
1696:
1402:10.1016/j.crpv.2012.03.001
1330:10.1016/j.crpv.2019.02.001
1278:Palaeontologia Electronica
1241:Palaeontologia Electronica
1208:Palaeontologia Electronica
115:(top) with a water shrew (
1433:10.1177/09596836211060491
1122:10.1080/00222934408527471
1044:Messinian salinity crisis
921:
895:
878:
871:
864:
833:
807:
790:
783:
776:
764:
726:
706:
699:
681:
674:
667:
631:
613:
606:
574:
556:
549:
542:
535:
518:
511:
236:
231:
127:Scientific classification
125:
110:
101:
23:
563:(Himalayan water shrew)
1202:Nesiotites rafelinensis
560:Chimarrogale himalayica
373:The genus includes the
299:belonging to the tribe
32:Early Pliocene–Holocene
1390:Comptes Rendus Palevol
1318:Comptes Rendus Palevol
581:(elegant water shrew)
303:known from the latest
1642:Paleobiology Database
1030:originally colonised
996:Asoriculus gibberodon
837:Episoriculus macrurus
811:Episoriculus caudatus
733:Asoriculus gibberodon
1670:Holocene extinctions
1062:during the Pliocene-
1023:Evolutionary history
794:Episoriculus leucops
685:Soriculus nigrescens
522:Episoriculus fumidus
477:genetically diverged
425:mitochondrial genome
344:Nesiotites hidalgo.
258:Pons and Moyà, 1980
1042:, when during the
1038:stage of the Late
925:Chodsigoa hypsibia
713:Nesiotites hidalgo
688:(Himalayan shrew)
429:Nesiotites hidalgo
414:Middle Pleistocene
297:red-toothed shrews
113:Nesiotites hidalgo
1657:
1656:
1629:Open Tree of Life
1465:Taxon identifiers
1370:10.1111/zoj.12399
981:
980:
972:
971:
963:
962:
954:
953:
945:
944:
936:
935:
910:
909:
899:Chodsigoa sodalis
848:
847:
822:
821:
753:
752:
744:
743:
656:
655:
647:
646:
590:
589:
578:Nectogale elegans
406:Early Pleistocene
382:earliest Pliocene
288:
287:
282:
281:Rofes et al, 2012
270:
259:
247:
227:
1687:
1650:
1649:
1637:
1636:
1624:
1623:
1611:
1610:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1584:
1572:
1571:
1559:
1558:
1546:
1545:
1533:
1532:
1520:
1519:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1460:
1453:
1452:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1289:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1145:
1134:
1133:
1101:
1058:later spread to
1001:island gigantism
874:
867:
786:
779:
767:
730:
710:
702:
677:
670:
635:
609:
552:
545:
538:
514:
504:
317:Balearic Islands
280:
268:
257:
245:
222:
215:
135:
134:
106:
96:
33:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1632:
1627:
1619:
1614:
1606:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1549:
1541:
1536:
1528:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1467:
1457:
1456:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1147:
1146:
1137:
1116:(83): 738–769.
1103:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1083:chronospecies,
1025:
987:
982:
973:
964:
955:
946:
937:
911:
882:Chodsigoa parca
849:
823:
754:
745:
657:
648:
591:
473:molecular clock
433:Himalayan shrew
378:N. rafelinensis
333:
276:N. rafelinensis
221:
213:
129:
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1693:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1662:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1651:
1638:
1625:
1612:
1599:
1586:
1573:
1560:
1547:
1534:
1521:
1508:
1493:
1477:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1455:
1454:
1427:(3): 137–146.
1407:
1396:(5): 393–401.
1376:
1363:(1): 163–182.
1343:
1324:(3): 317–324.
1301:
1264:
1227:
1187:
1135:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1048:Zanclean Flood
1024:
1021:
986:
983:
979:
978:
975:
974:
970:
969:
966:
965:
961:
960:
957:
956:
952:
951:
948:
947:
943:
942:
939:
938:
934:
933:
930:
929:
920:
917:
916:
913:
912:
908:
907:
904:
903:
894:
891:
890:
887:
886:
877:
872:
870:
865:
863:
855:
854:
851:
850:
846:
845:
842:
841:
832:
829:
828:
825:
824:
820:
819:
816:
815:
806:
803:
802:
799:
798:
789:
784:
782:
777:
775:
765:
763:
760:
759:
756:
755:
751:
750:
747:
746:
742:
741:
738:
737:
725:
722:
721:
718:
717:
705:
700:
698:
695:
694:
691:
690:
680:
675:
673:
668:
666:
663:
662:
659:
658:
654:
653:
650:
649:
645:
644:
641:
640:
637:Neomys newtoni
630:
627:
626:
623:
622:
620:(water shrew)
617:Neomys fodiens
612:
607:
605:
597:
596:
593:
592:
588:
587:
584:
583:
573:
570:
569:
566:
565:
555:
550:
548:
543:
541:
536:
534:
531:
530:
527:
526:
517:
512:
510:
502:
332:
329:
309:Early Pliocene
286:
285:
284:
283:
271:
260:
249:
234:
233:
229:
228:
211:
207:
206:
201:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
123:
122:
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1692:
1681:
1680:Mammal genera
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1347:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
984:
977:
976:
968:
967:
959:
958:
950:
949:
941:
940:
932:
931:
928:
927:
926:
919:
918:
915:
914:
906:
905:
902:
901:
900:
893:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:
883:
876:
875:
869:
868:
862:
861:
857:
856:
853:
852:
844:
843:
840:
839:
838:
831:
830:
827:
826:
818:
817:
814:
813:
812:
805:
804:
801:
800:
797:
796:
795:
788:
787:
781:
780:
774:
773:
769:
768:
762:
761:
758:
757:
749:
748:
740:
739:
736:
735:
734:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
715:
714:
704:
703:
697:
696:
693:
692:
689:
687:
686:
679:
678:
672:
671:
665:
664:
661:
660:
652:
651:
643:
642:
639:
638:
629:
628:
625:
624:
621:
619:
618:
611:
610:
604:
603:
599:
598:
595:
594:
586:
585:
582:
580:
579:
572:
571:
568:
567:
564:
562:
561:
554:
553:
547:
546:
540:
539:
533:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
523:
516:
515:
509:
506:
505:
501:
499:
494:
492:
488:
487:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:
464:
463:
458:
457:
452:
451:
446:
445:
440:
439:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
402:N. aff. ponsi
399:
395:
394:Late Pliocene
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:
375:chronospecies
371:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:N. corsicanus
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:Dorothea Bate
337:
330:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
293:
278:
277:
272:
267:
266:
261:
256:
255:
250:
244:
243:
238:
237:
235:
230:
225:
220:
219:
212:
209:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
133:
128:
124:
120:
119:
114:
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
26:
22:
19:
1472:
1424:
1421:The Holocene
1420:
1410:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1321:
1317:
1287:10.26879/336
1277:
1267:
1250:10.26879/412
1240:
1230:
1221:10.26879/282
1211:
1207:
1201:
1157:
1153:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1055:
1027:
1026:
1017:Chimarrogale
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
994:
990:
988:
923:
922:
897:
896:
880:
879:
858:
835:
834:
809:
808:
792:
791:
772:Episoriculus
770:
731:
727:
712:
711:
707:
683:
682:
636:
632:
615:
614:
600:
576:
575:
558:
557:
520:
519:
497:
496:Position of
495:
490:
484:
480:
466:
460:
456:Chimarrogale
454:
448:
444:Episoriculus
442:
436:
428:
422:
409:
401:
398:N. meloussae
397:
389:
385:
377:
372:
368:polyphyletic
363:
359:
355:
343:
335:
334:
291:
290:
289:
275:
274:
269:Reumer, 1979
264:
263:
254:N. meloussae
253:
252:
241:
240:
217:
216:
184:Eulipotyphla
116:
112:
24:
18:
1564:iNaturalist
1497:Wikispecies
1160:: 188–195.
1079:. The last
1064:Pleistocene
1034:during the
1013:N. hildalgo
989:Members of
985:Description
508:Nectogalini
423:Based on a
301:Nectogalini
204:Nectogalini
1675:Nesiotites
1664:Categories
1503:Nesiotites
1473:Nesiotites
1091:References
1085:N. hidalgo
1081:Nesiotites
1056:Nesiotites
1028:Nesiotites
991:Nesiotites
498:Nesiotites
491:Nesiotites
486:Asoriculus
481:Nesiotites
410:N. hidalgo
364:Nesiotites
360:N. similis
336:Nesiotites
292:Nesiotites
246:Bate, 1945
242:N. hidalgo
218:Nesiotites
25:Nesiotites
1449:244763779
1441:0959-6836
1338:150158569
1296:1094-8074
1259:1094-8074
1214:(1): 8A.
1130:0374-5481
1076:Myotragus
1036:Messinian
860:Chodsigoa
462:Nectogale
450:Chodsigoa
438:Soriculus
194:Soricidae
150:Kingdom:
144:Eukaryota
121:, below)
1608:13700436
1482:Wikidata
1174:29608962
1070:Hypnomys
1052:Pliocene
1032:Mallorca
418:Holocene
390:N. ponsi
386:N. ponsi
352:Sardinia
331:Taxonomy
321:Mallorca
313:Holocene
265:N. ponsi
232:Species
190:Family:
174:Mammalia
164:Chordata
160:Phylum:
154:Animalia
140:Domain:
1634:3614618
1621:2315953
1582:1112709
1556:2435494
1488:Q134488
1182:5010906
1060:Menorca
1040:Miocene
348:Corsica
325:Menorca
315:of the
305:Miocene
210:Genus:
200:Tribe:
180:Order:
170:Class:
1595:709695
1569:542444
1517:923241
1447:
1439:
1336:
1294:
1257:
1180:
1172:
1128:
602:Neomys
468:Neomys
408:) and
248:(type)
226:, 1945
118:Neomys
1647:40475
1577:IRMNG
1543:39377
1530:63F96
1445:S2CID
1334:S2CID
1178:S2CID
1009:ponsi
471:). A
427:from
1616:NCBI
1590:ITIS
1551:GBIF
1512:BOLD
1437:ISSN
1292:ISSN
1255:ISSN
1170:PMID
1126:ISSN
465:and
447:and
358:and
350:and
323:and
224:Bate
37:PreꞒ
1603:MSW
1538:EoL
1525:CoL
1429:doi
1398:doi
1365:doi
1361:178
1326:doi
1282:doi
1245:doi
1216:doi
1162:doi
1158:125
1118:doi
1019:).
396:),
319:of
311:to
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1527::
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1443:.
1435:.
1425:32
1423:.
1419:.
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1388:.
1359:.
1355:.
1332:.
1322:18
1320:.
1316:.
1304:^
1290:.
1280:.
1276:.
1253:.
1243:.
1239:.
1212:15
1210:.
1206:.
1190:^
1176:.
1168:.
1156:.
1152:.
1138:^
1124:.
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1112:.
1108:.
1054:.
1007:.
493:.
459:,
388:)
370:.
327:.
279:?
87:Pg
1451:.
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1404:.
1400::
1373:.
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1340:.
1328::
1298:.
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1261:.
1247::
1224:.
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1184:.
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1132:.
1120::
1005:N
729:†
709:†
634:†
435:(
416:-
412:(
404:(
400:/
392:(
380:(
354:(
307:/
273:†
262:†
251:†
239:†
214:†
92:N
82:K
77:J
72:T
67:P
62:C
57:D
52:S
47:O
42:Ꞓ
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