38:
860:
216:
876:
1841:
Arenas-Mena, C. (2010) Indirect development, transdifferentiation and the macroregulatory evolution of metazoans. Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Feb 27, 2010 Vol.365 no.1540
1819:
233:. This could be the case, but often the larval stage has evolved secondarily, as in insects. In these cases, the larval form may differ more than the adult form from the group's common origin.
978:, these larvae have abdominal prolegs, in addition to usual thoracic legs. They are poorly sclerotized and relatively inactive. They live in close contact with their food. Best example is
1411:
988:– have well developed head capsule and mouthparts are similar to the adult, but without compound eyes. They have six legs. No abdominal prolegs. Two types can be seen:
1658:
1731:
1705:
1816:
180:, adults are immobile but their larvae are mobile, and use their mobile larval form to distribute themselves. These larvae used for dispersal are either
197:(a paper wasp) the males are also capable of feeding larvae but they are much less efficient, spending more time and getting less food to the larvae.
169:. By living in a distinct environment, larvae may be given shelter from predators and reduce competition for resources with the adult population.
1861:
1689:
1634:
1563:
1558:. Vol. Part O. Boulder, Colorado/Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America/University of Kansas Press. pp. O121, O122, O125.
1555:
1442:
1243:
1777:
Leis, J. M. & Carson-Ewart, B. M., eds. (2000). The Larvae of Indo-Pacific
Coastal Fishes. An Identification Guide to Marine Fish Larvae
1360:
Wakahara, Masami (1996). "Heterochrony and
Neotenic Salamanders: Possible Clues for Understanding the Animal Development and Evolution".
158:) including different unique structures and organs that do not occur in the adult form. Their diet may also be considerably different.
1258:
Chen, Zhang-Fan; Zhang, Huoming; Wang, Hao; Matsumura, Kiyotaka; Wong, Yue Him; Ravasi, Timothy; Qian, Pei-Yuan (2014-02-13).
960:– larva have many different forms and often unlike a normal insect form. They hatch from eggs which contain very little
1425:
Nagy, Lisa M.; Grbić, Miodrag (1999), "Cell
Lineages in Larval Development and Evolution of Holometabolous Insects",
897:
show complete metamorphosis, including a distinct larval stage. Several classifications have been suggested by many
336:
332:
172:
Animals in the larval stage will consume food to fuel their transition into the adult form. In some organisms like
1325:
Sen, R; Gadagkar, R (2006). "Males of the social wasp
Ropalidia marginata can feed larvae, given an opportunity".
709:
1709:
998:
Scarabeiform – poorly sclerotized, flat thorax and abdomen. Usually short legged and inactive burrowing forms. (
581:
protaspis (unjointed), meraspis (increasing number of joints, but 1 less than the holaspis), holaspis (=adult)
1178:
31:
1552:
Arthropoda I – Arthropoda
General Features, Proarthropoda, Euarthropoda General Features, Trilobitomorpha
1579:
1405:
1206:
1039:
230:
181:
141:
125:
621:
nauplius, metanauplius, protozoea, antizoea, pseudozoea, zoea, postlarva, cypris, primary larva, mysis
161:
Larvae are frequently adapted to different environments than adults. For example, some larvae such as
1514:
1271:
319:
991:
Campodeiform – well sclerotized, dorso-ventrally flattened body. Usually long legged predators with
1840:
1035:
193:
37:
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864:
734:
310:
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859:
1491:
1458:
1434:
1302:
1260:"Quantitative Proteomics Study of Larval Settlement in the Barnacle Balanus amphitrite"
1259:
1133:
1116:
828:
477:
349:
43:
1850:
1535:
1518:
1143:
999:
894:
834:
759:
358:
259:
165:
live almost exclusively in aquatic environments, but can live outside water as adult
121:
1397:
1346:
1796:
An
Identification Guide to the Larval Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest
1100:
1064:
950:
938:
Hemicephalus – with a reduced head capsule, retractable in to the thorax. Found in
932:
772:
746:
632:
437:
407:
378:
362:
1739:
1338:
1788:
1284:
1235:
905:
classification in 1913. There are four main types of endopterygote larvae types:
1110:
1090:
992:
979:
928:
875:
784:
653:
647:
604:
535:
497:
457:
429:
403:
390:
315:
188:
151:
767:, vitellaria, brachiollaria, pluteus, ophiopluteus, echinopluteus, auricularia
1681:
1644:
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924:
898:
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526:
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155:
133:
47:
1810:
A field guide to the pelagic invertebrates larvae of the maritime
Antarctic
1500:
1474:
1311:
1389:
1459:"Origins of the other metazoan body plans: the evolution of larval forms"
1189:
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1603:
1463:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
995:
mouthparts. (lacewing, trichopterans, mayflies and some coleopterans).
147:
A larva's appearance is generally very different from the adult form (
1148:
965:
716:
700:
693:
676:
669:
664:
660:
643:
129:
117:
187:
Some larvae are dependent on adults to feed them. In many eusocial
1165:
874:
858:
214:
208:
and do not develop further into the adult form. This is a type of
1803:
A Guide to Marine
Coastal Plankton and Marine Invertebrate Larvae
1580:"Division: Endopterygota – Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)"
1157:
961:
824:
807:
794:
688:
628:
201:
166:
1519:"Hybridization in the evolution of animal form and life-cycle"
1228:
Reproductive Strategies and Developmental Patterns in Annelids
684:
680:
108:
102:
69:
1226:
Qian, Pei-Yuan (1999), "Larval settlement of polychaetes",
923:
Eucephalous – with well sclerotized head capsule. Found in
258:
coeloblastula (= blastula, amphiblastula), parenchymula (=
75:
789:
tadpole (does not feed, technically a "swimming embryo")
1627:
BORROR AND DELONG'S INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF INSECTS
182:
planktotrophic (feeding) or lecithotrophic (non-feeding)
1808:
Stanwell-Smith, D., Hood, A. & Peck, L. S. (1997).
1767:(2nd ed.). Sunderland, Mass. : Sinauer Associates.
912:– no legs at all and are poorly sclerotized. Based on
27:
Juvenile form of distinct animals before metamorphosis
1230:, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 239–253,
229:
It is a misunderstanding that the larval form always
1779:. Fauna Malesiana handbooks, vol. 2. Brill, Leiden.
105:
99:
72:
66:
1798:. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis. 256 pp.
96:
63:
191:species, the larvae are fed by female workers. In
124:into their next life stage. Animals with indirect
1830:, chapter 2, pp. 25–42. Springer: Dordrecht.
1625:JOHNSON, NORMAN. TRIPLEHORN, CHARLES A. (2020).
871:) are among the largest of any species of insect
200:The larvae of some organisms (for example, some
1785:Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution
1410:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (
8:
1770:Hall, B. K. & Wake, M. H., eds. (1999).
1657:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1817:Keys for Identification of Immature Insects
949:Acephalus – without head capsule. Found in
901:, and following classification is based on
1763:Brusca, R. C. & Brusca, G. J. (2003).
240:
1534:
1523:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1490:
1301:
1283:
1142:, a juvenile that resembles the adult in
231:reflects the group's evolutionary history
1772:The Origin and Evolution of Larval Forms
1427:The Origin and Evolution of Larval Forms
1164:, intermediate stages between larva and
36:
1828:Current Concepts in Forensic Entomology
1801:Smith, D. & Johnson, K. B. (1977).
1787:. Oxford University Press. p. 160–170.
1218:
140:typically have a larval phase of their
1812:. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge.
1650:
1403:
1556:Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
7:
116:) is a distinct juvenile form many
1805:. Kendall/Hunt Plublishing Company.
1783:Minelli, A. (2009). The larva. In:
1676:. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
916:. All Apocrita are apodous. Three
595:euproöps larva ("trilobite larva")
472:pilidium, Iwata larva, Desor larva
84:
25:
1604:"Recognizing Insect Larval Types"
1536:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00236.x
1435:10.1016/b978-012730935-4/50010-9
968:larvae of parasitic hymenoptera.
92:
59:
1826:. In: Amendt, J. et al. (ed.).
1672:Capinera, John L., ed. (2008).
727:(dragonflies and damselflies),
1429:, Elsevier, pp. 275–300,
1:
1629:. CENGAGE LEARNING CUSTOM P.
1457:Raff, Rudolf A (2008-01-11).
1339:10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.04.022
723:(crickets and grasshoppers),
295:(= stereogastrula), actinula
1862:Insect developmental biology
1774:. San Diego: Academic Press.
1738:. 2017-03-23. Archived from
1285:10.1371/journal.pone.0088744
1236:10.1007/978-94-017-2887-4_14
1175:Protozoan life cycle stages
1151:, intermediate between each
1038:(immature) stages and other
1708:. Agri info. Archived from
1878:
1674:Encyclopedia of Entomology
29:
1682:10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6
1185:Algal life cycle stages:
1606:. University of Kentucky
1002:and other coleopterans).
462:pandora, chordoid larva
432:, vesiculariform larvae
237:Selected types of larvae
225:Goldenrod Gall Fly larva
1732:"Types of Insect Larva"
1706:"Types of Insect Larva"
1376:(inactive 2024-04-10).
1179:Apicomplexan life cycle
650:(butterflies and moths)
1815:Thyssen, P.J. (2010).
1794:Shanks, A. L. (2001).
1475:10.1098/rstb.2007.2237
920:forms are recognized.
886:
879:Campodeiform larva of
872:
226:
50:
32:Larva (disambiguation)
1515:Williamson, Donald I.
1207:Marine larval ecology
878:
862:
754:(hypothetical larva)
218:
40:
1550:Moore, R.C. (1959).
1132:, immature forms in
442:nematomorphan larva
30:For other uses, see
1469:(1496): 1473–1479.
1276:2014PLoSO...988744C
419:pelagosphera larva
282:infusoriform larva
194:Ropalidia marginata
1822:2017-08-09 at the
1374:10.2108/zsj.13.765
1362:Zoological Science
1034:Non-larval animal
887:
873:
863:The larvae of the
812:Petromyzontiformes
262:, stereogastrula)
227:
51:
1691:978-1-4020-6242-1
1636:978-0-357-67127-6
1565:978-0-8137-3015-8
1444:978-0-12-730935-4
1245:978-90-481-5340-4
1168:(the adult stage)
1130:Nymphs and naiads
1015:Crustacean larvae
982:of lepidopterans.
869:Dynastes hercules
852:
851:
847:tadpole, polliwog
16:(Redirected from
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1584:www.amentsoc.org
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1316:
1315:
1305:
1287:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1223:
976:eruciform larvae
974:– also known as
322:, Götte's larva;
305:cydippid larvae
272:Wagener's larva
241:
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1063:, scyphistoma,
1030:Spawn (biology)
1020:Ichthyoplankton
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986:Oligopod larvae
958:Protopod larvae
903:Antonio Berlese
865:Hercules beetle
857:
801:Ichthyoplankton
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512:loricate larva
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247:Name of larvae
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1712:on 14 May 2016
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1758:Bibliography
1744:. Retrieved
1740:the original
1735:
1726:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:the original
1700:
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1608:. Retrieved
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1119:: cystacanth
1101:hydatid cyst
1071:, hydranth,
1049:: olynthus,
985:
980:caterpillars
975:
971:
957:
951:Cyclorrhapha
933:Cerambycidae
909:
888:
880:
868:
773:Hemichordata
633:Rhizocephala
452:actinotroch
438:Nematomorpha
408:microfilaria
393:, polytroch
379:plerocercoid
363:cysticercoid
228:
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152:caterpillars
148:
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1736:agriinfo.in
1198:Conchocelis
1111:avicularium
1091:cephalopods
993:prognathous
929:Buprestidae
797:(generally)
785:Urochordata
741:wriggler]]
731:(true bugs)
654:caterpillar
648:Lepidoptera
615:Crustaceans
605:Pycnogonida
536:trochophore
531:sipunculids
498:Brachiopoda
458:Cycliophora
430:cyphonautes
404:Dauer larva
391:nectochaete
359:cysticercus
316:Turbellaria
223:solidaginis
189:Hymenoptera
174:polychaetes
156:butterflies
126:development
1851:Categories
1746:2021-11-22
1645:1163940863
1589:2020-08-03
1213:References
1040:life cycle
944:Brachycera
925:Nematocera
842:Amphibians
765:bipinnaria
752:dipleurula
721:Orthoptera
705:Mosquitoes
601:Arthropoda
587:Arthropoda
573:Arthropoda
566:glochidium
527:nemerteans
425:Ectoprocta
375:coracidium
367:oncosphere
329:miracidium
301:Ctenophora
288:Cnidarians
142:life cycle
138:cnidarians
134:amphibians
1653:cite book
1483:0962-8436
1382:0289-0003
1294:1932-6203
1162:chrysalis
1087:paralarva
1069:gonangium
946:families.
940:Tipulidae
935:families.
818:ammocoete
814:(lamprey)
729:Hemiptera
637:kentrogon
619:General:
591:Xiphosura
577:Trilobita
562:(mussels)
482:acanthor
448:Phoronids
415:Sipuncula
371:hexacanth
346:Monogenea
333:sporocyst
325:Trematoda
278:Dicyemida
255:(sponges)
206:pubescent
178:barnacles
48:butterfly
1820:Archived
1716:28 April
1610:28 April
1517:(2006).
1501:18192188
1398:35101681
1347:39848913
1312:24551147
1264:PLOS ONE
1190:Codiolum
1140:Subimago
1089:, young
1083:Mollusca
1065:strobila
1057:Cnidaria
1047:Porifera
1042:stages:
1036:juvenile
1009:See also
882:Micromus
778:tornaria
710:wriggler
625:Decapoda
560:Bivalvia
556:Mollusca
544:molluscs
542:Certain
523:annelids
519:molluscs
517:Certain
508:Priapula
488:Locifera
468:Nemertea
399:Nematoda
386:Annelida
341:cercaria
253:Porifera
163:tadpoles
128:such as
1842:653–669
1492:2614227
1390:9107136
1303:3923807
1272:Bibcode
1153:ecdysis
1136:insects
1124:Insecta
1107:Bryozoa
1051:gemmule
1025:Maggots
918:apodous
893:, only
891:Insects
889:Within
725:Odonata
717:Insecta
701:Insecta
677:Insecta
665:Beetles
661:Insecta
644:Insecta
549:veliger
355:Cestoda
293:planula
221:Eurosta
210:neoteny
130:insects
118:animals
1857:Larvae
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1292:
1242:
1201:-phase
1193:-phase
1149:Instar
1077:medusa
1061:ephyra
966:instar
831:(eels)
694:maggot
244:Animal
89:larvae
1394:S2CID
1343:S2CID
1166:imago
1073:polyp
735:nymph
689:Wasps
681:Flies
337:redia
202:newts
167:frogs
136:, or
55:larva
1789:link
1718:2016
1686:ISBN
1659:link
1641:OCLC
1631:ISBN
1612:2016
1560:ISBN
1497:PMID
1479:ISSN
1439:ISBN
1412:link
1386:PMID
1378:ISSN
1308:PMID
1290:ISSN
1240:ISBN
1160:and
1158:Pupa
962:yolk
942:and
931:and
825:Fish
808:Fish
795:Fish
685:Bees
670:grub
629:zoea
529:and
369:(or
176:and
154:and
149:e.g.
1678:doi
1531:doi
1527:148
1487:PMC
1471:doi
1467:363
1431:doi
1370:doi
1335:doi
1298:PMC
1280:doi
1232:doi
1122:In
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1105:In
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1055:In
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