788:. To identify the aspects of humour which might contribute to an increase in pain tolerance the study separated its fifty-six female participants into three groups, cheerfulness, exhilaration and humour production. The subjects were further separated into two groups, high Trait-Cheerfulness and high Trait-Seriousness according to the State-Trait-Cheerfulness-Inventory. The instructions for the three groups were as follows: the cheerfulness group were told to get excited about the movie without laughing or smiling, the exhilaration group was told to laugh and smile excessively, exaggerating their natural reactions, the humour production group was told to make humorous comments about the video clip as they watched. To ensure that the participants actually found the movie humorous and that it produced the desired effects the participants took a survey on the topic which resulted in a mean score of 3.64 out of 5. The results of the Cold Press Test showed that the participants in all three groups experienced a higher pain threshold and a higher pain tolerance than previous to the film. The results did not show a significant difference between the three groups.
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655:; humour) caught on as a new term for humour, sparking a fad for humour literature, as well as impassioned debate about what type of humorous sensibility best suited China, a poor, weak country under partial foreign occupation. While some types of comedy were officially sanctioned during the rule of Mao Zedong, the Party-state's approach towards humour was generally repressive. Social liberalisation in the 1980s, commercialisation of the cultural market in the 1990s, and the advent of the internet have eachâdespite an invasive state-sponsored censorship apparatusâenabled new forms of humour to flourish in China in recent decades.
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872:, so in the interest of encouraging employee consent to the rigours of the labour process, management often ignore, tolerate and even actively encourage playful practices, with the purpose of furthering organisational goals. Essentially, fun in the workplace is no longer being seen as frivolous. The most current approach of managed fun and laughter in the workplace originated in North America, where it has taken off to such a degree, that it has humour consultants flourishing, as some states have introduced an official "fun at work" day. The results have carried claims of
848:. In fact, one of the most agreed upon key impacts that workplace humour has on people's well-being, is the use of humour as a coping strategy to aid in dealing with daily stresses, adversity or other difficult situations. Sharing a laugh with a few colleagues may improve moods, which is pleasurable, and people perceive this as positively affecting their ability to cope. Fun and enjoyment are critical in people's lives and the ability for colleagues to be able to laugh during work, through banter or other, promotes harmony and a sense of cohesiveness.
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Conflict is inherent in these interactions. The use of humour plays an important role in conflict resolution and ultimately in school success and psychological adjustment. The use of humour that is socially acceptable leads to a lower likelihood of being a victim of bullying, whereas the use of self-disparaging humour leads to a higher likelihood of being bullied. When students are bullied, the use of self-disparaging humour can lead to an exacerbation of the negative effects on the student's psychological adjustment to school.
667:, an audience, and the subject matter of the humour. The two transformations associated with this particular model involves the subject matter of the humour, and the change in the audience's perception of the humorous person, therefore establishing a relationship between the humorous speaker and the audience. The social transformation model views humour as adaptive because it communicates the present desire to be humorous as well as future intentions of being humorous. This model is used with deliberate
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certain period of time. One group was exposed to humorous content, while the other was not. The anxiety levels were measured through self-report measures as well as the heart rate. Subjects which rated high on sense of humour reported less anxiety in both groups, while subjects which rated lower on sense of humour reported less anxiety in the group which was exposed to the humorous material. However, there was not a significant difference in the heart rate between the subjects.
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constituents of psychological wellbeing. Additionally, adaptive humour styles may enable people to preserve their sense of wellbeing despite psychological problems. In contrast, maladaptive humour types (aggressive and self-defeating) are associated with poorer overall psychological wellbeing, emphasis on higher levels of anxiety and depression. Therefore, humour may have detrimental effects on psychological wellbeing, only if that humour is of negative characteristics.
731:. For example, self-defeating or aggressive humour. Research has proposed 2 types of humour that each consist of 2 styles, making 4 styles in total. The two types are adaptive versus maladaptive humour. Adaptive humour consist of facilitative and self-enhancing humour, and maladaptive is self-defeating and aggressive humour. Each of these styles can have a different impact on psychological and individuals' overall subjective wellbeing.
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satisfaction by allowing the humour to release stress and anxiety caused by changes in the individuals life. Laughing and humour can be a substitute for the decrease in satisfaction by allowing individuals to feel better about their situations by alleviating the stress. This, in turn, can help them to maintain a sense of satisfaction towards their new and changing life style.
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and serves as a social bonding function. Humour may also help the transition in helping the individual to maintain positive feelings towards those who are enforcing the changes in their lives. These new social interactions can be critical for these transitions in their lives and humour will help these new social interactions to take place making these transitions easier.
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243:, attempts to explain humour's existence. The theory says "humour only occurs when something seems wrong, unsettling, or threatening, but simultaneously seems okay, acceptable or safe." Humour can be used as a method to easily engage in social interaction by taking away that awkward, uncomfortable, or uneasy feeling of social interactions.
1038:, and a more positive self-concept as well as other health benefits which have been recorded and acknowledged through various studies. Even patients with specific diseases have shown improvement with ageing using humour. Overall there is a strong correlation through constant humour in ageing and better health in the individuals.
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by longer periods of muscle relaxation. The cardiovascular benefits of laughter also seem to be just a figment of imagination as a study that was designed to test oxygen saturation levels produced by laughter, showed that even though laughter creates sporadic episodes of deep breathing, oxygen saturation levels are not affected.
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women with a sense of humour as potential partners. When women were given the forced-choice design in the study, they chose funny men as potential relationship partners even though they rated them as being less honest and intelligent. Post-Hoc analysis showed no relationship between humour quality and favourable judgments.
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and humour do not always have a one-to-one association. While most previous theories assumed the connection between the two almost to the point of them being synonymous, psychology has been able to scientifically and empirically investigate the supposed connection, its implications, and significance.
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The use of humour plays an important role in youth development. Studies have shown that humour is especially important in social interactions with peers. School entry is the time when the importance of parents fades into the background and social interaction with peers becomes increasingly important.
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Humour may also be used to offset negative feelings about a workplace task or to mitigate the use of profanity, or other coping strategies, that may not be otherwise tolerated. Not only can humour in the workplace assist with defusing negative emotions, but it may also be used as an outlet to discuss
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where one is communicating with desires to be accepted into someone else's specific social group. Although self-deprecating humour communicates weakness and fallibility in the bid to gain another's affection, it can be concluded from the model that this type of humour can increase romantic attraction
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Madelijn Strick, Rob
Holland, Rick van Baaren, and Ad van Knippenberg (2009) of Radboud University conducted a study that showed the distracting nature of a joke on bereaved individuals. Subjects were presented with a wide range of negative pictures and sentences. Their findings showed that humorous
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Self-defeating humour. People with this style of humour tend to amuse others by using self-disparaging jokes, and also tend to laugh along with others when being taunted. It is hypothesised that people attempt to use this style of humour as a means of social acceptance â which is often unsuccessful.
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are two major factors in the desire for future interaction. Women regard physical attractiveness less highly compared to men when it came to dating, a serious relationship, and sexual intercourse. However, women rate humorous men more desirable than nonhumorous individuals for a serious relationship
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90% of men and 81% of women, all college students, report having a sense of humour is a crucial characteristic looked for in a romantic partner. Humour and honesty were ranked as the two most important attributes in a significant other. It has since been recorded that humour becomes more evident and
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or other facilities of care. With this transition certain social interactions with friend and family may be limited forcing the individual to look elsewhere for these social interactions. Humour has been shown to make transitions easier, as humour is shown reduce stress and facilitate socialisation
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This brings into question the definition of humour, then. If it is to be defined by the cognitive processes which display laughter, then humour itself can encompass a variety of negative as well as positive emotions. However, if humour is limited to positive emotions and things which cause positive
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In 2009, Diana
Szameitat conducted a study to examine the differentiation of emotions in laughter. They hired actors and told them to laugh with one of four different emotional associations by using auto-induction, where they would focus exclusively on the internal emotion and not on the expression
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There have been claims that laughter can be a supplement for cardiovascular exercise and might increase muscle tone. However an early study by
Paskind J. showed that laughter can lead to a decrease in skeletal muscle tone because the short intense muscle contractions caused by laughter are followed
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In the study on humour and psychological well-being, research has concluded that high levels of adaptive type humour (affiliative and self-enhancing) is associated with better self-esteem, positive affect, greater self-competency, as well as anxiety control and social interactions. All of which are
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show that humour is in fact a major factor in achieving, and sustaining, higher psychological wellbeing. This hypothesis is known as general facilitative hypothesis for humour. That is, positive humour leads to positive health. Not all contemporary research, however, supports the previous assertion
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Humour can also help ageing individuals maintain a sense of satisfaction in their lives. Through the ageing process many changes will occur, such as losing the right to drive a car. This can cause a decrease in satisfaction in the lives of the individual. Humour helps to alleviate this decrease of
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elicited after negative pictures and sentences were presented. In addition, the humour therapy was more effective in reducing negative affect as the degree of affect increased in intensity. Humour was immediately effective in helping to deal with distress. The escapist nature of humour as a coping
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A study designed to test the positive physiological effects of humour, the relationship between being exposed to humour and pain tolerance in particular, was conducted in 1994 by Karen Zwyer, Barbara Velker, and
Willibald Ruch. To test the effects of humour on pain tolerance the test subjects were
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suggest humour can positively affect one's desirability for a specific relationship partner, but this effect is only most likely to occur when men use humour and are evaluated by women. No evidence was found to suggest men prefer women with a sense of humour as partners, nor women preferring other
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There are also potential relationships between humour and having a healthy immune system. SIgA is a type of antibody that protects the body from infections. In a method similar to the previous experiment, the participants were shown a short humorous video clip and then tested for the effects. The
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37%, and taunt 50%. Their second experiment tested the behavioural recognition of laughter during an induced emotional state and they found that different laughter types did differ with respect to emotional dimensions. In addition, the four emotional states displayed a full range of high and low
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As humour is often used to ease tension, it might make sense that the same would be true for anxiety. A study by
Yovetich N, Dale A, Hudak M. was designed to test the effects humour might have on relieving anxiety. The study subject were told that they would be given to an electric shock after a
991:, have shown several positive outcomes of humour as an underlying positive trait in amusement and playfulness. Several studies have shown that positive emotions can restore autonomic quiescence after negative affect. For example, Frederickson and Levinson showed that individuals who expressed
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pointedly make fun of
Confucian seriousness and make Confucius himself a slow-witted figure of fun. Joke books containing a mix of wordplay, puns, situational humour, and play with taboo subjects like sex and scatology, remained popular over the centuries. Local performing arts, storytelling,
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to surface. Additionally, humour may be used as a tool to mitigate the authoritative tone by managers when giving directives to subordinates. Managers may use self-deprecating humour as a way to be perceived as more human and "real" by their employees. The attachment to the notion of fun by
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once said, "Humor can be dissected as a frog can, but the thing dies in the process and the innards are discouraging to any but the pure scientific mind." Counter to this argument, protests against "offensive" cartoons invite the dissection of humour or its lack by aggrieved individuals and
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Humour is often used to make light of difficult or stressful situations and to brighten up a social atmosphere in general. It is regarded by many as an enjoyable and positive experience, so it would be reasonable to assume that it might have some positive physiological effects on the body.
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factors and varies from person to person. Throughout history, comedy has been used as a form of entertainment all over the world, whether in the courts of the
Western kings or the villages of the Far East. Both a social etiquette and a certain intelligence can be displayed through forms of
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that humour is in fact a cause for healthier psychological wellbeing. Some of the previous researches' limitations is that they tend to use a unidimensional approach to humour because it was always inferred that humour was deemed positive. They did not consider other types of humour, or
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phenomenon and has increasingly been recognised as also creating a sense of involvement and possible comradery among workers. Sharing humour at work not only offers a relief from boredom, but can also build relationships, improve camaraderie between colleagues and create positive
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Some theoreticians of the comic consider exaggeration to be a universal comic device. It may take different forms in different genres, but all rely on the fact that the easiest way to make things laughable is to exaggerate to the point of absurdity their salient traits,
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theories, the vast majority of which consider humour-induced behaviour to be very healthy; spiritual theories, which may, for instance, consider humour to be a "gift from God"; and theories which consider humour to be an unexplainable mystery, very much like a
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Another way that research indicates that humour helps with the ageing process, is through helping the individual to create and maintain strong social relationship during transitory periods in their lives. One such example is when people are moved into
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Adaptive Humour use has shown to be effective for increasing resilience in dealing with distress and also effective in buffering against or undoing negative affects. In contrast, maladaptive humour use can magnify potential negative effects.
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Aggressive humour. Racist jokes, sarcasm and disparagement of individuals for the purpose of amusement. This type of humour is used by people who do not consider the consequences of their jokes, and mainly focus on the entertainment of the
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benefits to workers, improved customer experiences and an increase in productivity that organisations can enjoy, as a result. Others examined results of this movement while focusing around the science of happinessâconcerned with
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Humour can serve as a strong distancing mechanism in coping with adversity. In 1997, Kelter and
Bonanno found that Duchenne laughter correlated with reduced awareness of distress. Positive emotion is able to loosen the grip of
213:, whose physical nature makes it accessible to them. By contrast, more sophisticated forms of humour such as satire require an understanding of its social meaning and context, and thus tend to appeal to a more mature audience.
503:(satirical poetry). They viewed comedy as simply the "art of reprehension" and made no reference to light and cheerful events or troublesome beginnings and happy endings associated with classical Greek comedy. After the
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on people's thinking. A distancing of thought leads to a distancing of the unilateral responses people often have to negative arousal. In parallel with the distancing role plays in coping with distress, it supports the
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Shelley A. Crawford & Nerina J. Caltabiano (2011): Promoting emotional well-being through the use of humour, The
Journal of Positive Psychology: Dedicated to furthering research and promoting good practice, 6: 3,
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sender arousal and valence. This study showed that laughter can be correlated with both positive (joy and tickle) and negative (schadenfreude and taunt) emotions with varying degrees of arousal in the subject.
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Self-enhancing style humour. People that fall under this dimension of humour tend to take a humorous perspective of life. Individuals with self-enhancing humour tend to use it as a mechanism to cope with
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contemporary companies has resulted in workplace management coming to recognise the potentially positive effects of "workplay" and realise that it does not necessarily undermine workers' performance.
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People of all ages and cultures respond to humour. Most people are able to experience humourâbe amused, smile or laugh at something funny (such as a pun or joke)âand thus are considered to have a
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Martin, Puhlik-Doris, Larsen, Gray., & Weir (2003). "Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: Development of the humor styles questionnaire".
885:, community building and national well-beingâand drew attention to the ability to achieve "flow" through playfulness and stimulate "outside the box" thinking. Parallel to this movement is the "
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Using humour judiciously can have a positive influence on cancer treatment. The effectiveness for humourâbased interventions in patients with schizophrenia is uncertain in a
Cochrane review.
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One of the main focuses of modern psychological humour theory and research is to establish and clarify the correlation between humour and laughter. The major empirical findings here are that
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McGraw, A. Peter; Warren, Caleb; Williams, Lawrence E.; Leonard, Bridget (October 2012). "Too Close for Comfort, or Too Far to Care? Finding Humor in Distant Tragedies and Close Mishaps".
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173:. The hypothetical person lacking a sense of humour would likely find the behaviour to be inexplicable, strange, or even irrational. Though ultimately decided by subjective personal
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was thought to include a combination of ridiculousness and wit in an individual; the paradigmatic case being Shakespeare's Sir John Falstaff. The French were slow to adopt the term
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The social transformation model of humour predicts that specific characteristics, such as physical attractiveness, interact with humour. This model involves linkages between the
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Many theories exist about what humour is and what social function it serves. The prevailing types of theories attempting to account for the existence of humour include
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Different cultures have different typical expectations of humour so comedy shows are not always successful when transplanted into another culture. For example, a 2004
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Affiliative style humour. Individuals with this dimension of humour tend to use jokes as a means of affiliating relationships, amusing others, and reducing tensions.
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communities. This process of dissecting humour does not necessarily banish a sense of humour but directs attention towards its politics and assumed universality.
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Lundy, Tan, Cunningham (1998). "Heterosexual romantic preferences: The importance of humor and physical attractiveness for different types of relationships".
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1077:"Humour seems to engage a core network of cortical and subcortical structures, including temporo-occipito-parietal areas involved in detecting and resolving
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It is also mentioned that these people may have an implicit feeling of negativity. So they use this humour as a means of hiding that inner negative feeling.
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significantly more important as the level of commitment in a romantic relationship increases. Recent research suggests expressions of humour in relation to
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Kuiper, Grimshaw, Leite., & Kirsh (2004). "Humor is not always the best medicine: Specific components of sense of humor and psychological well-being".
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process in three areas. The areas are improving physical health, improving social communications, and helping to achieve a sense of satisfaction in life.
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during the negative arousal of a sad and troubling event recovered from the negative affect approximately 20% faster than individuals who did not smile.
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has been found to increase one's desirability and physical attractiveness to others for committed relationships. The results of a study conducted by
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Goldstein, Jeffrey H., et al. (1976) "Humour, Laughter, and Comedy: A Bibliography of Empirical and Nonempirical Analyses in the English Language."
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mechanism suggests that it is most useful in dealing with momentary stresses. Stronger negative stimuli requires a different therapeutic approach.
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itself, however, depicts the Master as fond of humorous self-deprecation, once comparing his wanderings to the existence of a homeless dog. Early
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It is generally known that humour contributes to higher subjective wellbeing (both physical and psychological). Previous research on humour and
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Keltner, D.; Bonanno, G. A. (1997). "A study of laughter and dissociation: Distinct correlates of laughter and smiling during bereavement".
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2887:"Associations between adolescents' interpersonal relationships, school well-being, and academic achievement during educational transitions"
538:, which tells of a boiler explosion on a sugar plantation that killed several of the workers, their natural wit and humour shine though."
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Humour can be verbal, visual, or physical. Non-verbal forms of communicationâfor example, music or visual artâcan also be humorous.
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Jocelyn Chey and Jessica Milner Davis, eds. "Humour in Chinese Life and Letters: Classical and Traditional Approaches" (HKUP, 2011)
897:. This happiness movement suggests that investing in fun at the workplace, by allowing for laughter and play, will not only create
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McGhee, Paul E. (1984) "Current American Psychological Research on Humor." Jahrbuche fur Internationale Germanistik 16.2: 37â57.
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Strick, Madelijn; et al. (2009). "Finding Comfort in a Joke: Consolatory Effects of Humor Through Cognitive Distraction".
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Bolton, Sharon C.; Houlihan, Maeve (2 October 2009). "Are we having fun yet? A consideration of workplace fun and engagement".
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Modern Chinese humour has been heavily influenced not only by indigenous traditions, but also by foreign humor, circulated via
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2444:"Humor styles, bullying victimization and psychological school adjustment: Mediation, moderation and person-oriented analyses"
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Mobbs, D.; Greicius, M. D.; Abdel-Azim, E.; Menon, V.; Reiss, A. L. (2003), "Humor modulates the mesolimbic reward centres",
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Kuiper, Nicholas A.; Aiken, Audrey; Pound, Maria Sol (2014). "Humor use, reactions to social comments, and social anxiety".
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Studies have shown that constant humour in the ageing process gives health benefits to individuals. Such benefits as higher
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Xiao, Dong Yue (2010). "Exploration of Chinese humor: Historical review, empirical findings, and critical reflections".
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Furthermore, humorous people are perceived by others to be more cheerful but less intellectual than nonhumorous people.
549:& Neo-Confucian orthodoxy, with its emphasis on ritual and propriety, have traditionally looked down upon humour as
2279:"Preserving Subjective Wellbeing in the Face of Psychopathology: Buffering Effects of Personal Strengths and Resources"
1914:"Discovering Humour in Modern China: The Launching of the Analects Fortnightly Journal and the 'Year of Humour' (1933)"
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aspect of human experience and is therefore decidedly relevant in organisational contexts, such as the workplace.
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Szameitat, Diana P., et al. Differentiation of Emotions in Laughter at the Behavioural Level. 2009 Emotion 9 (3).
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Vrticka, Pascal; Black, Jessica M.; Reiss, Allan L. (30 October 2013). "The neural basis of humour processing".
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Yovetich, N. A.; Dale, J. A.; Hudak, M. A. (1990). "Benefits of humor in reduction of threat-induced anxiety".
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Kenrick, Sadalla, Groth, Trost (1990). "Evolution, traits, and the stages of the parental investment model".
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theory that positive emotions lead to increased multilateral cognitive pathway and social resource building.
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Roth, G.; Yap, R.; Short, D. (2006). "Examining humour in HRD from theoretical and practical perspectives".
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Humour can be a way of dealing with the menacing or unpleasant: Sprayed comment below a memorial plaque for
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Kuiper & Martin (1998). "Laughter and stress in daily life: Relation to positive and negative affect".
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C. Harbsmeier, "Confucius-Ridens, Humor in the Analects." Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 50. 1: 131â61.
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and a greater sense of well-being, but it will also enhance energy, performance and commitment in workers.
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Hewitt, L. (1958). "Student perceptions of traits desired in themselves as dating and marriage partners".
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is an ignorance in the weak, who are thus unable to retaliate when ridiculed. Later, in Greek philosophy,
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of laughter itself. They found an overall recognition rate of 44%, with joy correctly classified at 44%,
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There are many taxonomies of humour; the following is used to classify humorous tweets in (Rayz 2012).
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Buijzen, Moniek; Valkenburg, Patti M. (2004), "Developing a Typology of Humor in Audiovisual Media",
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Goodwin, R. (1990). "Sex differences among partner preferences: Are the sexes really very similar?".
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385:(1449a, pp. 34â35), suggested that an ugliness that does not disgust is fundamental to humour.
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3614:. Ed. Antony J. Chapman and Hugh C. Foot. Oxford and New York: Pergamon Press, 1976. 469â504.
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affect, it must be delimited from laughter and their relationship should be further defined.
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As with any art form, the acceptance of a particular style or incidence of humour depends on
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Fry, W. F.; Stoft, P. E. (1971). "Mirth and oxygen saturation levels of peripheral blood".
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4312:
4113:
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3824:
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1070:
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Humour is an underlying character trait associated with the positive emotions used in the
865:
711:
574:
vernacular fiction, and poetry offer a wide variety of humorous styles and sensibilities.
569:
4451:
2294:
2204:
1712:
457:
about humour: "Indeed Allah loves those who are playful among people without obscenity."
246:
Others believe that "the appropriate use of humour can facilitate social interactions".
5646:
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2148:
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1945:
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representation, and instead identified it with Arabic poetic themes and forms, such as
394:
198:
151:
3793:
3693:
2885:
Kiuru, N., Wang, M.-T., Salmela-Aro, K., Kannas, L., Ahonen, T., Hirvonen, R. (2020).
2397:
1666:
1591:
Samson, Andrea C.; Lackner, Helmut Karl; Weiss, Elisabeth M.; Papousek, Ilona (2012).
5726:
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836:
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772:
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546:
531:
398:
240:
209:
186:
3477:
Verbal humor and variation in English: Sociolinguistic notes on a variety of jokes
3444:
2855:
2771:
2754:
5507:
A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful
3483:
3384:(TV series), Episode 1 â aired 22 November 1992, UK, Tiger Television Productions
2303:
349:
said that "the more you know humour, the more you become demanding in fineness."
5449:
5402:
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5210:
5170:
5120:
4912:
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1608:
1419:
1248:
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633:
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494:
449:
255:
3558:
3191:
2902:
2840:"Social competence in the 1st grade predicts school adjustment two years later"
1645:
1592:
534:
have the best sense of humour in the world. Even in the most solemn song, like
154:, which taught that the balance of fluids in the human body, known as humours (
69:
5419:
5397:
5290:
5075:
5035:
4995:
4862:
4777:
4640:
4441:
4386:
4307:
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4200:
4190:
4081:
3970:
3960:
3955:
3737:
3264:
3071:
2816:
2349:
2252:
1378:
1106:
1065:, it is reported that a study's results indicate that humour is rooted in the
929:
890:
882:
873:
821:
637:
622:
598:
578:
550:
415:
372:
228:
3778:
2967:
2910:
2863:
2824:
2706:
2469:
1737:
Webber, Edwin J. (January 1958), "Comedy as Satire in Hispano-Arabic Spain",
1478:
1470:
98:
From top-left to bottom-right or from top to bottom (mobile): various people
5330:
5300:
5095:
5040:
4960:
4892:
4685:
4317:
3980:
3507:
2611:"Humor and Laughter May Influence Health: III. Laughter and Health Outcomes"
2460:
1988:"Humour in Chinese Life and Culture: Resistance and Control in Modern Times"
1902:: A New History of Laughter in China" (University of California Press, 2015)
1593:"Perception of other people's mental states affects humor in social anxiety"
1546:
1307:
1226:
1166:
1148:
898:
614:
590:
527:
482:
376:
333:
233:
194:
143:
89:
4225:
3702:
3617:
Hurley, Matthew M., Dennett, Daniel C., and Adams, Reginald B. Jr. (2011),
3359:
3164:
3089:
3029:
2928:
2644:
2595:
2487:
2322:
2156:
1616:
1486:
17:
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3229:
3199:
2714:
2679:
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2577:
2519:
1806:
1582:
1565:
190:
5631:
5365:
5315:
5295:
5160:
4600:
4471:
4245:
3925:
3895:
3672:
3583:
GarcĂa-Barriocanal, Elena; Sicilia, Miguel-Angel; Palomar, David (2005),
3449:
1322:
1171:
1086:
947:
938:
857:
828:
664:
559:
490:
486:
409:
367:
362:
270:
147:
139:
115:
39:
3291:
Crew Solomon, Jennifer (January 1996). "American Behavioral Scientist".
2943:
1918:
Humour in Chinese Life and Letters: Classical and Traditional Approaches
852:
personal painful events, in a lighter context, thus ultimately reducing
844:. Humour in the workplace may also relieve tension and can be used as a
5444:
5392:
5350:
5335:
5305:
4867:
4625:
4409:
3835:
3537:
2959:
2562:"Humor and Laughter May Influence Health IV. Humor and Immune Function"
2113:
1667:
Caricaturing Culture in India: Cartoons and History of the Modern World
1368:
1144:
1031:
602:
342:
3020:
2944:"The thrill of bullying. Bullying, humour and the making of community"
2671:
2191:
Bressler, Balshine (2006). "The influence of humour on desirability".
2086:
1758:
816:
wearing a large pair of pants in an attempt to amuse those around them
281:
are often used when theorising about the subject. The connotations of
30:"Hilarity", "Hilarious", and "Funny" redirect here. For the ship, see
5377:
5285:
5263:
4553:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4215:
4210:
3965:
3881:
3839:
3754:
3541:
Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 411â418
3011:
1772:
1701:. Trans. HĂ©lĂšne Iswolsky. Bloomington: Indiana University Press p. 12
1020:
869:
784:
first exposed to a short humorous video clip and then exposed to the
618:
594:
564:
454:
111:
3586:
A Graphical Humor Ontology for Contemporary Cultural Heritage Access
3351:
1566:"Humor and Resiliency: Towards a Process Model of Coping and Growth"
2078:
1847:"The Invention of Li Yu â Patrick Hanan â Harvard University Press"
1750:
5150:
4615:
4476:
3945:
3920:
1913:
1330:
1280:
1242:
1161:
1105:
992:
928:
807:
763:
705:
554:
523:
448:
437:
427:
358:
305:
are still two different words, the former referring to a person's
155:
107:
99:
2448:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
686:
or marriage, but only when these men were physically attractive.
636:
culture, cinema, television, and the internet. During the 1930s,
27:
Tendency of experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement
5371:
5345:
3950:
3711:
Humor in American Literature: A Selected Annotated Bibliography.
3293:
Humor and Aging Well: A Laughing Matter or a Matter of Laughing?
1285:
499:
461:
The terms comedy and satire became synonymous after Aristotle's
425:(emotional responses), which can be inspired in the audience by
4750:
3854:
3251:
Kupier, N. A.; Martin, R. A. (1993). "Humor and self-concept".
2277:
Bos, E. H.; Snippe, E.; de Jonge, P.; Jeronimus, B. F. (2016).
672:
towards the humorist when other variables are also favourable.
289:
are said to be that of response versus stimulus. Additionally,
5340:
3975:
3716:
Pogel, Nancy; and Paul P. Somers Jr. (1988) "Literary Humor."
1942:"Research - School of Modern Languages â Newcastle University"
1176:
832:
493:. Due to cultural differences, they disassociated comedy from
338:
4746:
3631:
Holland, Norman. (1982) "Bibliography of Theories of Humor."
3286:
3284:
3282:
650:
1211:
that an object or a person can become funny in three ways:
1081:(mismatch between expected and presented stimuli); and the
792:
participants showed a significant increase in SIgA levels.
431:, the imitations of emotions that the actors perform. Each
3709:
Nilsen, Don L. F. (1992) "Satire in American Literature."
3579:, University of Central Oklahoma. Retrieved on 2007-07-06.
3523:
Laughter and ridicule: Towards a social critique of humour
3131:"Humour-based interventions for people with schizophrenia"
1510:
The Humor Code: A Global Search for What Makes Things Funn
718:â the German text means "Alois, we will never forget you!"
3850:
1920:. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 191â218, 251â254.
3216:
Abel, M (2002). "Humor, stress, and coping strategies".
1333:, and therefore UK sitcoms are not appreciated by them.
893:
which seeks to empirically theorise the optimisation of
273:
from English) to mean any type of comedy. However, both
3720:. Ed. Lawrence E. Mintz. London: Greenwood, 1988. 1â34.
3718:
Humor in America: A Research Guide to Genres and Topics
3657:
Humor in America: A Research Guide to Genres and Topics
2838:
Legkauskas, V., MagelinskaitÄ-LegkauskienÄ, Ć . (2021).
2759:
KĆtuitui: New Zealand Journal of Social Sciences Online
1597:
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
775:
enjoying a joke, in spite of their language differences
254:
Some claim that humour should not be explained. Author
3619:
Inside Jokes: Using Humor to Reverse-Engineer the Mind
2239:
Kuiper & Martin (1993). "Humor and self-concept".
820:
Humour is a ubiquitous, highly ingrained, and largely
577:
Famous Chinese humourists include the ancient jesters
166:, "body fluid"), controlled human health and emotion.
5557:
The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction
2615:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
2566:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
1508:
McGraw, Peter; Warner, Joel (2014). "Introduction".
530:, stated in a 1957 interview that he thought that: "
5609:
5458:
5231:
4938:
4850:
4784:
4581:
4489:
4395:
4260:
4178:
4142:
4135:
4126:
4029:
3998:
3989:
3888:
3640:The Psychology Of Humour: An Integrative Approach.
1635:, "Prudence and Racial Humor: Troubling Epithets"
3129:Tsujimoto, Y.; Nakamura, Y.; et al. (2021).
585:; writers of the Ming and Qing dynasties such as
365:(as a semi-historical dialogue character) in the
3211:
3209:
2981:
2979:
2977:
316:Non-satirical humour can be specifically termed
2609:Bennett, Mary Payne; Lengacher, Cecile (2008).
2560:Bennett, Mary Payne; Lengacher, Cecile (2009).
1685:A cultural analysis of the Russo-Soviet Anekdot
835:play in organisational life has been seen as a
371:(p. 49b) the view that the essence of the
3592:, Madrid: University of AlcalĂĄ, archived from
3049:
3047:
2755:"Healthy humour: Using humour to cope at work"
2508:Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
2241:Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
1512:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 10.
1019:Humour has been shown to improve and help the
4762:
3866:
1329:that Americans and Germans do not understand
648:
8:
5487:The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons
3180:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
2532:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2418:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2169:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2050:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1646:"The Quotations Page: Quote from E.B. White"
138:) is the tendency of experiences to provoke
3621:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
3421:"Automatic Humor Classification on Twitter"
1986:Jessica Milner Davis; Jocelyn Chey (2013).
1711:Force, Nichole; Read, M. A. (17 May 2016).
1205:explains in his lecture in the documentary
160:
4769:
4755:
4747:
4139:
4132:
3995:
3873:
3859:
3851:
2948:Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour
1229:fit into one or more of these categories.
3773:(1) (published 12 December 2006): 14â34,
3761:Wogan, Peter (Spring 2006), "Laughing At
3692:
3535:Bricker, Victoria Reifler (Winter, 1980)
3492:"Dialogic ethics and the virtue of humor"
3154:
3079:
3019:
2993:
2991:
2918:
2770:
2634:
2585:
2477:
2459:
2312:
2302:
1581:
239:The benign-violation theory, endorsed by
193:. For example, young children may favour
3726:Human Resource Development International
1916:. In Chey, J.; Milner Davis, J. (eds.).
714:who first described the memory-damaging
3845:International Society for Humor Studies
3253:International Journal of Humor Research
3218:International Journal of Humor Research
3135:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1432:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2525:
2411:
2272:
2270:
2162:
2043:
505:Latin translations of the 12th century
309:or to the archaic concept of the four
3642:London, UK: Elsevier Academic Press.
2501:
2499:
2497:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1888:from the original on 26 October 2015.
1325:article discusses a stereotype among
1083:mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system
868:can unleash creativity, thus raising
553:or unseemly. Humour was perceived as
7:
3433:from the original on 9 October 2022.
1381:, the study of laughing and laughter
3755:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
3538:The Function of Humor in Zinacantan
3484:Aspects of verbal humour in English
2753:Plester, Barbara (1 January 2009).
987:Studies, such as those testing the
593:; and modern comic writers such as
345:. Eighteenth-century German author
3056:"What Good Are Positive Emotions?"
2386:Journal of Research in Personality
2213:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.06.002
2149:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1990.tb00909.x
2038:10.1111/j.1475-6811.1998.tb00174.x
889:" scholarship that has emerged in
856:and allowing more happy, positive
469:, where it was elaborated upon by
465:was translated into Arabic in the
357:Western humour theory begins with
25:
3659:. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1988.
1771:Michael Garnice (11 March 2012).
1442:, "The Planet Without Laughter",
984:theory of cognitive development.
201:puppet shows or cartoons such as
5705:
4730:
4721:
4720:
3806:
3792:
3713:New York: Garland, 1992. 543â48.
3054:Fredrickson, Barbara L. (1998).
2891:Journal of Youth and Adolescence
2844:Early Child Development and Care
2660:Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
88:
79:
68:
59:
3655:Mintz, Lawrence E., ed. (1988)
3633:Laughing; A Psychology of Humor
3496:Journal of Political Philosophy
1872:"Comic Visions of Modern China"
435:was associated with a specific
3635:. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 209â223.
3147:10.1002/14651858.CD013367.pub2
1570:Europe's Journal of Psychology
1247:An exaggerating caricature of
1215:by behaving in an unusual way,
1030:, lower levels of depression,
642:phono-semantic transliteration
1:
3797:The dictionary definition of
3694:10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00751-7
3445:"Do the Americans get irony?"
3380:Rowan Atkinson/David Hinton,
2856:10.1080/03004430.2019.1603149
2772:10.1080/1177083X.2009.9522446
2398:10.1016/s0092-6566(02)00534-2
1665:Ritu Gairola Khanduri. 2014.
1218:by being in an unusual place,
511:thus gained a new meaning in
445:In Arabic and Persian culture
5617:Aestheticization of politics
3060:Review of General Psychology
2304:10.1371/journal.pone.0150867
2193:Evolution and Human Behavior
1564:Kuiper, Nicholas A. (2012).
1073:. The study states, in part:
567:philosophical texts such as
146:. The term derives from the
3481:Alexander, Richard (1997),
3475:Alexander, Richard (1984),
3339:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
3305:10.1177/0002764296039003004
3104:"Humor in Cancer Treatment"
2942:SĂžndergaard, D. M. (2018).
2550:. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
1609:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.08.007
1062:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
1059:In an article published in
659:Social transformation model
557:and sarcasm. The Confucian
5759:
3847:(archived 11 January 2010)
3767:Visual Anthropology Review
3612:It's a Funny Thing, Humour
3576:Historical views of humour
3559:10.1207/s1532785xmep0602_2
3192:10.1037/0022-3514.73.4.687
2903:10.1007/s10964-019-01184-y
2067:Marriage and Family Living
1671:Cambridge University Press
1374:Form-versus-content humour
1364:Cognitive humor processing
1236:
1129:of or imitative of reality
917:
827:The significant role that
220:
29:
5685:
4716:
3738:10.1080/13678860600563424
3490:Basu, S (December 1999),
3265:10.1515/humr.1993.6.3.251
3072:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300
2817:10.1108/01425450910991721
2253:10.1515/humr.1993.6.3.251
1713:"The Way of the Comedian"
1198:Behaviour, place and size
1113:is a component of humour.
649:
617:, and performers such as
3779:10.1525/var.2006.22.1.14
2707:10.2466/pr0.1990.66.1.51
1471:10.1177/0956797612443831
1445:This Book Needs No Title
1221:by being the wrong size.
724:psychological well-being
702:Psychological well-being
5637:Evolutionary aesthetics
5587:The Aesthetic Dimension
4170:Theatre of ancient Rome
3830:considered for deletion
3752:Smuts, Aaron. "Humor".
3638:Martin, Rod A. (2007).
3508:10.1111/1467-9760.00082
2461:10.3390/ijerph191811415
2350:10.1023/A:1021392305352
1773:"Mento Music Lord Flea"
1547:10.1515/humor-2014-0072
972:therapy attenuated the
691:Self-deprecating humour
683:physical attractiveness
676:Physical attractiveness
669:self-deprecating humour
265:lamented the misuse of
44:Humour (disambiguation)
5567:Avant-Garde and Kitsch
5517:Lectures on Aesthetics
2338:Motivation and Emotion
2137:Journal of Personality
2026:Personal Relationships
1912:Suoqiao, Qian (2011).
1900:The Age of Irreverence
1699:Rabelais and His World
1255:
1253:James McNeill Whistler
1114:
1099:
934:
817:
812:A person working in a
776:
719:
467:medieval Islamic world
458:
185:, level of education,
161:
48:Funny (disambiguation)
42:. For other uses, see
5712:Philosophy portal
4377:Theatre of the Absurd
3573:Carrell, Amy (2000),
3408:Enjoyment of Laughter
3230:10.1515/humr.15.4.365
2695:Psychological Reports
2520:10.1515/humr.2004.002
1807:10.1515/HUMR.2010.018
1682:Seth Benedict Graham
1583:10.5964/ejop.v8i3.464
1459:Psychological Science
1390:Humour in translation
1246:
1109:
1089:, key structures for
1075:
932:
811:
767:
760:Physiological effects
709:
452:
413:) as one of the nine
322:recreational drollery
179:geographical location
32:USS Hilarity (AM-241)
5657:Philosophy of design
5537:In Praise of Shadows
5527:The Critic as Artist
4352:Shakespearean comedy
4150:Ancient Greek comedy
3815:at Wikimedia Commons
3395:Techniques of Satire
475:Islamic philosophers
453:Muhammad al-Baqir's
441:portrayed on stage.
361:, who attributed to
328:Sociological factors
128:Commonwealth English
38:. For the name, see
34:. For the film, see
5667:Philosophy of music
5642:Mathematical beauty
3521:Billig, M. (2005).
3406:M. Eastman/W. Fry,
2627:10.1093/ecam/nem041
2578:10.1093/ecam/nem149
2442:Burger, C. (2022).
2295:2016PLoSO..1150867B
2205:2006EHumB..27...29B
1851:www.hup.harvard.edu
716:Alzheimer's disease
695:McMaster University
513:Medieval literature
263:Arthur Schopenhauer
234:mystical experience
5738:Defence mechanisms
5662:Philosophy of film
5652:Patterns in nature
5622:Applied aesthetics
5597:Why Beauty Matters
5383:Life imitating art
5244:Art for art's sake
4340:Comédie larmoyante
4335:Sentimental comedy
4330:Restoration comedy
4293:Commedia dell'arte
4165:Corral de comedias
3110:on 19 October 2018
2960:10.1111/jtsb.12153
2805:Employee Relations
2114:10.1007/bf00289765
1969:"Stifled Laughter"
1898:Christopher Rea, "
1697:Bakhtin, Mikhail.
1415:Theories of humour
1256:
1115:
989:undoing hypothesis
935:
818:
777:
720:
459:
223:Theories of humour
5720:
5719:
5672:Psychology of art
5547:Art as Experience
4744:
4743:
4522:Musical comedians
4485:
4484:
4283:Comedy of manners
4278:Comedy of humours
4268:Boulevard theatre
4256:
4255:
4160:Comédie-Italienne
4155:Comédie-Française
4122:
4121:
3811:Media related to
3648:978-0-12-372564-6
3627:978-0-262-01582-0
3453:. 27 January 2004
2672:10.1159/000286308
2108:(9â10): 501â513.
1948:on 2 October 2016
1519:978-1-4516-6541-3
1465:(10): 1215â1223.
1405:List of humorists
1349:Australian humour
1327:British comedians
1009:broaden and build
1004:negative emotions
982:broaden-and-build
974:negative emotions
786:cold pressor test
347:Georg Lichtenberg
16:(Redirected from
5750:
5710:
5709:
5708:
5602:
5592:
5582:
5572:
5562:
5552:
5542:
5532:
5522:
5512:
5502:
5492:
5482:
5472:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4748:
4734:
4724:
4723:
4671:Self-referential
4288:Comedy of menace
4140:
4133:
3996:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3852:
3833:
3810:
3796:
3781:
3749:
3706:
3696:
3687:(5): 1041â1048,
3607:
3606:
3604:
3598:
3591:
3569:
3547:Media Psychology
3525:. London: Sage.
3517:
3516:
3514:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3425:
3417:
3411:
3404:
3398:
3391:
3385:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3333:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3288:
3277:
3276:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3158:
3141:(10): CD013367.
3126:
3120:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3106:. Archived from
3100:
3094:
3093:
3083:
3051:
3042:
3041:
3023:
3012:10.1037/a0015951
2995:
2986:
2983:
2972:
2971:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2922:
2897:(5): 1057â1072.
2882:
2876:
2875:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2800:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2750:
2727:
2726:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2589:
2557:
2551:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2531:
2523:
2503:
2492:
2491:
2481:
2463:
2439:
2424:
2423:
2417:
2409:
2381:
2362:
2361:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2316:
2306:
2274:
2265:
2264:
2236:
2225:
2224:
2188:
2175:
2174:
2168:
2160:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2049:
2041:
2021:
1996:
1995:
1992:www.hkupress.org
1983:
1977:
1976:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1944:. Archived from
1938:
1932:
1931:
1909:
1903:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1876:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1717:psychcentral.com
1708:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1680:
1674:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1587:
1585:
1558:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1454:
1448:
1440:Raymond Smullyan
1437:
1301:Self-deprecation
1187:Self-deprecation
1127:Being reflective
1034:, and perceived
804:In the workplace
654:
653:
407:defined humour (
164:
148:humoral medicine
136:American English
92:
83:
72:
63:
36:Hilarious (film)
21:
5758:
5757:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5747:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5716:
5706:
5704:
5681:
5605:
5600:
5590:
5580:
5577:Critical Essays
5570:
5560:
5550:
5540:
5530:
5520:
5510:
5500:
5490:
5480:
5470:
5454:
5227:
5141:Ortega y Gasset
4934:
4846:
4780:
4775:
4745:
4740:
4712:
4577:
4559:Animated sitcom
4481:
4447:Musical theatre
4397:
4391:
4367:Stand-up comedy
4313:One-person show
4303:Improvisational
4252:
4174:
4118:
4072:Science fiction
4025:
3985:
3906:Comedy festival
3884:
3879:
3818:
3789:
3760:
3723:
3678:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3589:
3582:
3544:
3512:
3510:
3489:
3472:
3470:Further reading
3467:
3466:
3456:
3454:
3443:
3442:
3438:
3430:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3414:
3405:
3401:
3393:Emil Draitser,
3392:
3388:
3379:
3375:
3352:10.1038/nrn3566
3346:(12): 860â868.
3335:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3320:
3290:
3289:
3280:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3113:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3053:
3052:
3045:
2997:
2996:
2989:
2984:
2975:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2802:
2801:
2780:
2752:
2751:
2730:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2545:
2541:
2524:
2505:
2504:
2495:
2441:
2440:
2427:
2410:
2383:
2382:
2365:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2289:(3): e0150867.
2276:
2275:
2268:
2238:
2237:
2228:
2190:
2189:
2178:
2161:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2042:
2023:
2022:
1999:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1739:Hispanic Review
1736:
1735:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1696:
1692:
1681:
1677:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1633:Nicholas Kuiper
1631:
1627:
1623:
1590:
1563:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1359:Canadian humour
1339:
1319:
1265:
1241:
1235:
1200:
1158:
1123:
1121:Root components
1104:
1071:cerebral cortex
1057:
1017:
993:Duchenne smiles
965:
927:
922:
916:
907:
895:human potential
846:coping strategy
806:
762:
712:Alois Alzheimer
704:
678:
661:
544:
521:
447:
419:, or principle
391:
355:
330:
252:
225:
219:
171:sense of humour
121:
120:
119:
118:
95:
94:
93:
85:
84:
75:
74:
73:
65:
64:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5756:
5754:
5746:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5725:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5647:Neuroesthetics
5644:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5627:Arts criticism
5624:
5619:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5593:
5583:
5573:
5563:
5553:
5543:
5533:
5523:
5513:
5503:
5497:On the Sublime
5493:
5483:
5473:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5368:
5363:
5361:Interpretation
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5261:
5256:
5254:Artistic merit
5251:
5246:
5241:
5235:
5233:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4903:Psychoanalysis
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4854:
4852:
4848:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4788:
4786:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4751:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4728:
4717:
4714:
4713:
4711:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4694:
4693:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4587:
4585:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4574:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4551:
4546:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4427:Comédie-ballet
4424:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4372:Street theatre
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4343:
4342:
4332:
4327:
4326:
4325:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4119:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4002:
4000:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3901:Comedic device
3898:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3878:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3842:
3816:
3804:
3788:
3787:External links
3785:
3784:
3783:
3758:
3750:
3732:(1): 121â127.
3721:
3714:
3707:
3676:
3653:
3650:
3636:
3629:
3615:
3608:
3599:on 23 May 2006
3580:
3571:
3553:(2): 147â167,
3542:
3533:
3519:
3502:(4): 378â403,
3487:
3479:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3436:
3412:
3399:
3386:
3382:Funny Business
3373:
3328:
3318:
3299:(3): 249â271.
3278:
3259:(3): 251â270.
3243:
3224:(4): 365â381.
3205:
3186:(4): 687â702.
3170:
3121:
3095:
3066:(3): 300â319.
3043:
3006:(4): 574â578.
2987:
2973:
2934:
2877:
2830:
2811:(6): 556â568.
2778:
2728:
2685:
2650:
2601:
2572:(2): 159â164.
2552:
2539:
2493:
2425:
2363:
2344:(2): 133â153.
2328:
2266:
2247:(3): 251â270.
2226:
2176:
2127:
2092:
2079:10.2307/348256
2073:(4): 344â349.
2057:
2032:(3): 311â325.
1997:
1978:
1973:www.danwei.org
1959:
1933:
1927:978-9888083527
1926:
1904:
1891:
1863:
1838:
1829:
1820:
1785:
1763:
1751:10.2307/470561
1729:
1703:
1690:
1675:
1658:
1637:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1603:(1): 625â631.
1588:
1576:(3): 475â491.
1560:
1525:
1518:
1500:
1449:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1410:Surreal humour
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1354:British humour
1351:
1346:
1344:American humor
1340:
1338:
1335:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1264:
1261:
1237:Main article:
1234:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1208:Funny Business
1203:Rowan Atkinson
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
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1164:
1157:
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1100:
1056:
1053:
1016:
1013:
964:
961:
933:A man laughing
926:
923:
920:Humor research
918:Main article:
915:
912:
906:
903:
805:
802:
761:
758:
753:
752:
748:
744:
736:
703:
700:
677:
674:
660:
657:
543:
540:
520:
517:
495:Greek dramatic
471:Arabic writers
446:
443:
395:Sanskrit drama
390:
387:
354:
353:Ancient Greece
351:
329:
326:
285:as opposed to
251:
248:
221:Main article:
218:
215:
199:Punch and Judy
152:ancient Greeks
97:
96:
87:
86:
78:
77:
76:
67:
66:
58:
57:
56:
55:
54:
26:
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13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5755:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5713:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5684:
5678:
5677:Theory of art
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5579:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5564:
5558:
5554:
5549:
5548:
5544:
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5538:
5534:
5528:
5524:
5519:
5518:
5514:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5499:
5498:
5494:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5469:
5468:
5467:Hippias Major
5464:
5463:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
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5379:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5326:Entertainment
5324:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5249:Art manifesto
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5239:Appropriation
5237:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
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5194:
5192:
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5187:
5184:
5182:
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5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
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5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5131:Merleau-Ponty
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4946:Abhinavagupta
4944:
4943:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4898:Postmodernism
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4849:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4772:
4767:
4765:
4760:
4758:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4727:
4719:
4718:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4703:Ventriloquism
4701:
4699:
4696:
4692:
4689:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:Observational
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4467:Opéra comique
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4457:Opéra bouffon
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4415:Café-chantant
4413:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4357:Sketch comedy
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4259:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4184:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4138:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3941:Impressionist
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3911:Comedy troupe
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3864:
3862:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3803:at Wiktionary
3802:
3801:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3763:First Contact
3759:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3665:0-313-24551-7
3662:
3658:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3595:
3588:
3587:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3534:
3532:
3531:1-4129-1143-5
3528:
3524:
3520:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3437:
3429:
3422:
3416:
3413:
3410:(2008) p. 156
3409:
3403:
3400:
3397:(1994) p. 135
3396:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3332:
3329:
3322:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3174:
3171:
3166:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3122:
3109:
3105:
3099:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2935:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2834:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2768:
2765:(1): 89â102.
2764:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2454:(18): 11415.
2453:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
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2332:
2329:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
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2292:
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2284:
2280:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2143:(1): 97â116.
2142:
2138:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2096:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2058:
2053:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1967:David Moser.
1963:
1960:
1947:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1833:
1830:
1824:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1786:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1730:
1718:
1714:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1669:. Cambridge:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1433:
1426:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:Jewish humour
1398:
1396:
1395:Humour styles
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:German humour
1383:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:Observational
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:contradiction
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1044:nursing homes
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1005:
999:
996:
994:
990:
985:
983:
978:
975:
969:
962:
960:
956:
953:
952:schadenfreude
949:
943:
940:
931:
924:
921:
913:
911:
904:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:mental health
875:
871:
867:
864:Laughter and
862:
859:
855:
849:
847:
843:
838:
834:
830:
825:
823:
815:
810:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
787:
781:
774:
770:
769:Boris Yeltsin
766:
759:
757:
749:
745:
742:
737:
734:
733:
732:
730:
729:humour styles
725:
717:
713:
708:
701:
699:
696:
692:
687:
684:
675:
673:
670:
666:
658:
656:
652:
646:
643:
639:
635:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
607:Qian Zhongshu
604:
600:
596:
592:
589:, Li Yu, and
588:
587:Feng Menglong
584:
583:Dongfang Shuo
580:
575:
572:
571:
566:
562:
561:
556:
552:
548:
541:
539:
537:
536:Las Kean Fine
533:
529:
525:
518:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
456:
451:
444:
442:
440:
439:
434:
430:
429:
424:
423:
418:
417:
412:
411:
406:
405:
404:Natya Shastra
400:
396:
388:
386:
384:
383:
378:
374:
370:
369:
364:
360:
352:
350:
348:
344:
340:
335:
327:
325:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
297:; in French,
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:
249:
247:
244:
242:
237:
235:
230:
229:psychological
224:
216:
214:
212:
211:
206:
205:
204:Tom and Jerry
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
167:
165:
163:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
91:
82:
71:
62:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
5595:
5585:
5575:
5545:
5535:
5515:
5505:
5495:
5485:
5475:
5465:
5412:
5388:Magnificence
5370:
5355:
5220:
5186:Schopenhauer
5021:Coomaraswamy
4939:Philosophers
4927:
4858:Aestheticism
4564:Black sitcom
4544:Mockumentary
4452:Opéra bouffe
4420:Café-théùtre
4405:Ballad opera
4323:Harlequinade
4273:Comedy-drama
4052:Mockumentary
3936:Impersonator
3930:
3916:Comic timing
3823:
3799:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3753:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3710:
3684:
3680:
3656:
3639:
3632:
3618:
3611:
3601:, retrieved
3594:the original
3585:
3574:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3522:
3511:, retrieved
3499:
3495:
3482:
3476:
3455:. Retrieved
3448:
3439:
3415:
3407:
3402:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3376:
3343:
3337:
3331:
3321:
3296:
3292:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3221:
3217:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3138:
3134:
3124:
3112:. Retrieved
3108:the original
3098:
3063:
3059:
3003:
2999:
2954:(1): 48â65.
2951:
2947:
2937:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2850:(1): 83â92.
2847:
2843:
2833:
2808:
2804:
2762:
2758:
2701:(1): 51â58.
2698:
2694:
2688:
2666:(1): 76â84.
2663:
2659:
2653:
2621:(1): 37â40.
2618:
2614:
2604:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2548:ResearchGate
2547:
2542:
2528:cite journal
2511:
2507:
2451:
2447:
2414:cite journal
2389:
2385:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2286:
2282:
2244:
2240:
2199:(1): 29â39.
2196:
2192:
2165:cite journal
2140:
2136:
2130:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2046:cite journal
2029:
2025:
1991:
1981:
1972:
1962:
1952:30 September
1950:. Retrieved
1946:the original
1936:
1917:
1907:
1894:
1878:
1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1766:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1720:. Retrieved
1716:
1706:
1698:
1693:
1683:
1678:
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1640:
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1239:Exaggeration
1233:Exaggeration
1224:
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1201:
1137:misdirection
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1097:processing."
1076:
1067:frontal lobe
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187:intelligence
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142:and provide
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5471:(c. 390 BC)
5450:Work of art
5403:Picturesque
5259:Avant-garde
5216:Winckelmann
5091:Kierkegaard
5016:Collingwood
4986:Baudrillard
4913:Romanticism
4883:Historicism
4817:Mathematics
4632:Documentary
4628:(dry humor)
4591:Alternative
4569:Teen sitcom
4462:Opera buffa
4437:Light music
4432:Comedy club
4382:Tragicomedy
4347:Shadow play
1745:(1): 1â11,
1420:Wine humour
1249:Oscar Wilde
1079:incongruity
1028:self-esteem
611:Wang Xiaobo
507:, the term
393:In ancient
256:E. B. White
181:, culture,
104:Afghanistan
18:Nerd humour
5727:Categories
5420:Recreation
5398:Perception
5291:Creativity
4991:Baumgarten
4981:Baudelaire
4863:Classicism
4778:Aesthetics
4539:Television
4442:Music hall
4387:Vaudeville
4308:Macchietta
4298:Double act
4207:Indonesia
4201:Mo lei tau
4197:Hong Kong
4191:Xiangsheng
4062:Remarriage
3971:Visual gag
3961:Punch line
3956:Prank call
3782:(Abstract)
3570:(Abstract)
3518:(Abstract)
3114:22 January
3021:2066/77089
1722:25 October
1688:2003 p. 13
1541:(3): 424.
1427:References
1379:Gelotology
1227:sight gags
1055:Physiology
891:psychology
883:motivation
874:well-being
822:meaningful
747:listeners.
638:Lin Yutang
623:Guo Degang
599:Lin Yutang
579:Chunyu Kun
551:subversive
485:, Persian
479:Abu Bischr
416:nava rasas
373:ridiculous
269:(a German
5425:Reverence
5331:Eroticism
5301:Depiction
5274:Masculine
5176:Santayana
5136:Nietzsche
5081:Hutcheson
5071:Heidegger
5056:Greenberg
5011:Coleridge
4976:Balthasar
4961:Aristotle
4923:Theosophy
4918:Symbolism
4893:Modernism
4878:Formalism
4686:Slapstick
4611:Christian
4606:Character
4583:Subgenres
4398:and dance
4318:Pantomime
4104:Slapstick
4077:Screwball
3981:Word play
3828:is being
3746:143854518
3313:143126889
3273:145015804
2968:0021-8308
2911:0047-2891
2872:150567697
2864:0300-4430
2825:0142-5455
2470:1661-7827
2406:143841188
2392:: 48â75.
2358:141287941
2261:145015804
2122:145748159
2102:Sex Roles
1879:u.osu.edu
1856:26 August
1815:201056950
1651:26 August
1555:146821665
1479:0956-7976
1308:Word play
1304:Vulgarity
1298:Role play
1271:Anecdotes
1182:Reframing
1167:Hyperbole
1149:ambiguity
905:At school
899:enjoyment
627:Zhou Libo
615:Wang Shuo
591:Wu Jingzi
528:Lord Flea
519:Caribbean
483:Al-Farabi
379:, in the
377:Aristotle
195:slapstick
144:amusement
5700:Category
5632:Axiology
5501:(c. 500)
5491:(c. 100)
5366:Judgment
5321:Emotions
5316:Elegance
5296:Cuteness
5269:Feminine
5232:Concepts
5201:Tanizaki
5181:Schiller
5166:Richards
5156:RanciĂšre
5126:Maritain
5061:Hanslick
5001:Benjamin
4873:Feminism
4842:Theology
4822:Medieval
4812:Japanese
4807:Internet
4726:Category
4661:Physical
4472:Operetta
4246:Sarugaku
4114:Thriller
4006:American
3926:Humorist
3896:Comedian
3821:template
3703:14659102
3673:16085479
3567:96438940
3450:BBC News
3428:Archived
3426:. 2012.
3368:12734138
3360:24169937
3238:35616418
3165:34644398
3090:21850154
3038:14369631
3030:19653782
2929:31893326
2723:23636980
2645:18317546
2596:18955287
2488:36141686
2323:26963923
2283:PLOS ONE
2221:44859626
2157:23750377
1883:Archived
1778:14 April
1617:21946039
1487:22941877
1337:See also
1323:BBC News
1263:Taxonomy
1172:Metaphor
1133:Surprise
1111:Surprise
1095:salience
1087:amygdala
1085:and the
939:laughter
925:Laughter
887:positive
858:emotions
829:laughter
665:humorist
570:Zhuangzi
560:Analects
491:Averroes
487:Avicenna
477:such as
368:Philebus
363:Socrates
271:loanword
217:Theories
197:such as
183:maturity
140:laughter
116:Malaysia
100:laughing
40:Hilarius
5695:Outline
5610:Related
5477:Poetics
5445:Tragedy
5435:Sublime
5408:Quality
5393:Mimesis
5351:Harmony
5336:Fashion
5311:Ecstasy
5306:Disgust
5222:more...
5191:Scruton
5116:Lyotard
5051:Goodman
5031:Deleuze
4966:Aquinas
4956:Alberti
4929:more...
4908:Realism
4888:Marxism
4868:Fascism
4851:Schools
4837:Science
4792:Ancient
4698:Surreal
4626:Deadpan
4512:Hip hop
4410:Cabaret
4136:Country
4128:Theatre
4092:Mexican
4087:Italian
4067:Romance
4042:Fantasy
4021:Italian
4011:British
3999:Country
3457:2 April
3326:237â252
3200:9325589
3156:8514248
3081:3156001
3000:Emotion
2920:7182546
2715:2326429
2680:5146348
2636:2249748
2587:2686627
2514:(1â2).
2479:9517355
2314:4786317
2291:Bibcode
2201:Bibcode
1559:citing:
1495:2480808
1369:Deadpan
1317:Culture
1274:Fantasy
1156:Methods
1145:paradox
1102:Formula
1069:of the
1032:anxiety
914:Studies
854:anxiety
603:Lao She
463:Poetics
382:Poetics
343:sarcasm
311:humours
191:context
150:of the
5743:Genres
5733:Humour
5601:(2009)
5591:(1977)
5581:(1946)
5571:(1939)
5561:(1935)
5551:(1934)
5541:(1933)
5531:(1891)
5521:(1835)
5511:(1757)
5378:Kitsch
5356:Humour
5286:Comedy
5264:Beauty
5206:Vasari
5196:Tagore
5171:Ruskin
5111:LukĂĄcs
5101:Langer
5046:Goethe
4971:BalĂĄzs
4951:Adorno
4832:Nature
4797:Africa
4736:Portal
4708:Zombie
4691:Topics
4651:Insult
4646:Horror
4621:Cringe
4554:Sitcom
4517:Parody
4241:Rakugo
4236:Owarai
4231:Manzai
4226:KyĆgen
4222:Japan
4216:Ludruk
4211:Lenong
4143:Europe
4109:Stoner
4099:Silent
4057:Parody
4047:Horror
4037:Action
4016:French
3966:Satire
3931:Humour
3889:Topics
3882:Comedy
3840:Curlie
3834:
3825:Curlie
3800:humour
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3681:Neuron
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1277:Insult
1192:Timing
1091:reward
1036:stress
1021:ageing
1015:Ageing
963:Health
948:tickle
870:morale
842:affect
741:stress
625:, and
619:Ge You
613:, and
595:Lu Xun
565:Daoist
509:comedy
489:, and
455:Hadith
438:bhavas
428:bhavas
410:hÄsyam
303:humour
299:humeur
295:humour
291:humour
283:humour
275:humour
267:humour
124:Humour
114:, and
112:Brazil
5690:Index
5459:Works
5440:Taste
5430:Style
5211:Wilde
5151:Plato
5146:Pater
5106:Lipps
5066:Hegel
5036:Dewey
5026:Danto
5006:Burke
4827:Music
4802:India
4785:Areas
4676:Shock
4616:Clown
4596:Black
4549:Roast
4534:Radio
4529:Novel
4502:Album
4497:Music
4490:Media
4477:Revue
4396:Music
4261:Genre
4186:China
4030:Genre
3946:Irony
3921:Farce
3836:Humor
3819:âčThe
3813:Humor
3742:S2CID
3597:(PDF)
3590:(PDF)
3563:S2CID
3431:(PDF)
3424:(PDF)
3364:S2CID
3309:S2CID
3295:. 3.
3269:S2CID
3234:S2CID
3034:S2CID
2868:S2CID
2719:S2CID
2402:S2CID
2354:S2CID
2257:S2CID
2217:S2CID
2118:S2CID
2083:JSTOR
1886:(PDF)
1875:(PDF)
1811:S2CID
1801:(3).
1795:Humor
1755:JSTOR
1551:S2CID
1535:Humor
1491:S2CID
1331:irony
1312:Other
1295:Quote
1286:Jokes
1281:Irony
1225:Most
1162:Farce
950:45%,
645:yĆumĂČ
634:print
555:irony
542:China
526:star
524:Mento
422:rasas
389:India
359:Plato
287:comic
279:comic
250:Views
175:taste
162:humor
156:Latin
132:humor
130:) or
108:Tibet
102:from
5414:Rasa
5372:Kama
5346:Gaze
5281:Camp
5161:Rand
5096:Klee
5086:Kant
5076:Hume
4996:Bell
4681:Sick
4666:Prop
4637:High
4601:Blue
4507:Rock
4362:Spex
4179:Asia
3991:Film
3951:Joke
3699:PMID
3669:OCLC
3661:ISBN
3644:ISBN
3623:ISBN
3605:2007
3527:ISBN
3515:2007
3459:2012
3356:PMID
3196:PMID
3161:PMID
3139:2021
3116:2017
3086:PMID
3026:PMID
2964:ISSN
2925:PMID
2907:ISSN
2860:ISSN
2821:ISSN
2711:PMID
2676:PMID
2641:PMID
2592:PMID
2534:link
2484:PMID
2466:ISSN
2420:link
2319:PMID
2171:link
2153:PMID
2052:link
1954:2016
1922:ISBN
1858:2018
1780:2013
1724:2019
1653:2018
1613:PMID
1514:ISBN
1483:PMID
1475:ISSN
1093:and
866:play
831:and
771:and
581:and
500:hija
473:and
433:rasa
341:and
307:mood
301:and
277:and
189:and
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5341:Fun
5121:Man
5041:Fry
4641:low
4082:Sex
3976:Wit
3838:at
3775:doi
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3734:doi
3689:doi
3555:doi
3504:doi
3348:doi
3301:doi
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3226:doi
3188:doi
3151:PMC
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3068:doi
3016:hdl
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2767:doi
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2110:doi
2075:doi
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1177:Pun
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