Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

613:. At low frequencies these are actually expected to be so numerous that they form a source of (foreground) noise for LISA data analysis. At higher frequencies LISA is expected to detect and resolve around 25,000 galactic compact binaries. Studying the distribution of the masses, periods, and locations of this population, will teach us about the formation and evolution of binary systems in the galaxy. Furthermore, LISA will be able to resolve 10 binaries currently known from electromagnetic observations (and find ≈500 more with electromagnetic counterparts within one square degree). Joint study of these systems will allow inference on other dissipation mechanisms in these systems, e.g. through tidal interactions. One of the currently known binaries that LISA will be able to resolve is the white dwarf binary 8371: 368:, each centred on one of the spacecraft, with the test masses defining the ends of the arms. The entire arrangement, which is ten times larger than the orbit of the Moon, will be placed in solar orbit at the same distance from the Sun as the Earth, but trailing the Earth by 20 degrees, and with the orbital planes of the three spacecraft inclined relative to the ecliptic by about 0.33 degree, which results in the plane of the triangular spacecraft formation being tilted 60 degrees from the plane of the ecliptic. The mean linear distance between the formation and the Earth will be 50 million kilometres. 830: 730:, GW150914, it was realized that a similar event would be detectable by LISA well before the merger. Based on the LIGO estimated event rates, it is expected that LISA will detect and resolve about 100 binaries that would merge a few weeks to months later in the LIGO detection band. LISA will be able to accurately predict the time of merger ahead of time and locate the event with 1 square degree on the sky. This will greatly aid the possibilities for searches for electromagnetic counterpart events. 496: 8419: 7466: 6169: 399:) and the stability of the constellation orbit (larger constellations are more sensitive to the gravitational effects of other planets, limiting the mission lifetime). Another length-dependent factor which must be compensated for is the "point-ahead angle" between the incoming and outgoing laser beams; the telescope must receive its incoming beam from where its partner was a few seconds ago, but 416: 8383: 7490: 917:

detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO, ground-based detectors in September 2015, NASA expressed interest in rejoining the mission as a junior partner. In response to an ESA call for mission proposals for the `Gravitational Universe' themed L3 mission, a mission proposal for a detector with three 2.5-million-kilometre arms again called LISA was submitted in January 2017.

7502: 8395: 7478: 482:(LPF) was launched in 2015 to test the technology necessary to put a test mass in (almost) perfect free fall conditions. LPF consists of a single spacecraft with one of the LISA interferometer arms shortened to about 38 cm (15 in), so that it fits inside a single spacecraft. The spacecraft reached its operational location in heliocentric orbit at the 8359: 901:

program forward, and instructed the L1 candidate missions to present reduced cost versions that could be flown within ESA's budget. A reduced version of LISA was designed with only two 1-million-kilometre arms under the name NGO (New/Next Gravitational wave Observatory). Despite NGO being ranked highest in terms of scientific potential, ESA decided to fly

356: 697:=4. EMRIs are interesting because they are slowly evolving, spending around 10 orbits and between a few months and a few years in the LISA sensitivity band before merging. This allows very accurate (up to an error of 1 in 10) measurements of the properties of the system, including the mass and spin of the central object and the mass and orbital elements ( 8407: 40: 8347: 1614:

Littenberg, Tyson; McWilliams, Sean T.; Nelemans, Gijs; Petiteau, Antoine; Porter, Edward K.; Schutz, Bernard F.; Sesana, Alberto; Stebbins, Robin; Sumner, Tim; Vallisneri, Michele; Vitale, Stefano; Volonteri, Marta; Ward, Henry (17 Jan 2012). "ELISA: Astrophysics and cosmology in the millihertz regime".

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838:: A beamsplitter (green line) splits coherent light (from the white box) into two beams which reflect off the mirrors (cyan oblongs); only one outgoing and reflected beam in each arm is shown, and separated for clarity. The reflected beams recombine and an interference pattern is detected (purple circle). 916:

L2 and L3 mission slots. A theme called "the Gravitational Universe" was formulated with the reduced NGO rechristened eLISA as a straw-man mission. In November 2013, ESA announced that it selected "the Gravitational Universe" for its L3 mission slot (expected launch in 2034). Following the successful

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Littenberg, Tyson; McWilliams, Sean T; Nelemans, Gijs; Petiteau, Antoine; Porter, Edward K; Schutz, Bernard F; Sesana, Alberto; Stebbins, Robin; Sumner, Tim; Vallisneri, Michele; Vitale, Stefano; Volonteri, Marta; Ward, Henry (21 June 2012). "Low-frequency gravitational-wave science with eLISA/NGO".

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The first design studies for a gravitational-wave detector to be flown in space were performed in the 1980s under the name LAGOS (Laser Antena for Gravitational radiation Observation in Space). LISA was first proposed as a mission to ESA in the early 1990s. First as a candidate for the M3-cycle, and

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LISA will also be able to detect the gravitational waves emanating from black hole binary mergers where the lighter black hole is in the intermediate black hole range (between 10 and 10 solar masses). In the case of both components being intermediate black holes between 600 and 10 solar masses, LISA

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The LISA mission's primary objective is to detect and measure gravitational waves produced by compact binary systems and mergers of supermassive black holes. LISA will observe gravitational waves by measuring differential changes in the length of its arms, as sensed by laser interferometry. Each of

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In the 2000s the joint ESA/NASA LISA mission was identified as a candidate for the 'L1' slot in ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015–2025 programme. However, due to budget cuts, NASA announced in early 2011 that it would not be contributing to any of ESA's L-class missions. ESA nonetheless decided to push the

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Gravitational wave signals from black holes could provide hints at a more fundamental theory of gravity. LISA will be able to test possible modifications of Einstein's general theory of relativity, motivated by dark energy or dark matter. These could manifest, for example, through modifications of

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Extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs) consist of a stellar compact object (<60 solar masses) on a slowly decaying orbit around a massive black hole of around 10 solar masses. For the ideal case of a prograde orbit around a (nearly) maximally spinning black hole, LISA will be able to detect these

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Unlike terrestrial gravitational-wave observatories, LISA cannot keep its arms "locked" in position at a fixed length. Instead, the distances between satellites vary significantly over each year's orbit, and the detector must keep track of the constantly changing distance, counting the millions of

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LISA will also search for currently unknown (and unmodelled) sources of gravitational waves. The history of astrophysics has shown that whenever a new frequency range/medium of detection is available new unexpected sources show up. This could for example include kinks and cusps in cosmic strings.

444:. Comparison between the observed laser beam frequency (in return beam) and the local laser beam frequency (sent beam) encodes the wave parameters. The principle of laser-interferometric inter-satellite ranging measurements was successfully implemented in the Laser Ranging Interferometer onboard 1613:

Amaro-Seoane, Pau; Aoudia, Sofiane; Babak, Stanislav; Binétruy, Pierre; Berti, Emanuele; Bohé, Alejandro; Caprini, Chiara; Colpi, Monica; Cornish, Neil J.; Danzmann, Karsten; Dufaux, Jean-François; Gair, Jonathan; Jennrich, Oliver; Jetzer, Philippe; Klein, Antoine; Lang, Ryan N.; Lobo, Alberto;

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in which two "transponder" satellites play the role of reflectors and one "master" satellite the roles of source and observer. When a gravitational wave passes the interferometer, the lengths of the two LISA arms vary due to spacetime distortions caused by the wave. Practically, LISA measures a

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L1 on 22 January 2016, where it underwent payload commissioning. Scientific research started on March 8, 2016. The goal of LPF was to demonstrate a noise level 10 times worse than needed for LISA. However, LPF exceeded this goal by a large margin, approaching the LISA requirement noise levels.

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Amaro-Seoane, Pau; Aoudia, Sofiane; Babak, Stanislav; Binétruy, Pierre; Berti, Emanuele; Bohé, Alejandro; Caprini, Chiara; Colpi, Monica; Cornish, Neil J; Danzmann, Karsten; Dufaux, Jean-François; Gair, Jonathan; Jennrich, Oliver; Jetzer, Philippe; Klein, Antoine; Lang, Ryan N; Lobo, Alberto;

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later as 'cornerstone mission' for the 'Horizon 2000 plus' program. As the decade progressed, the design was refined to a triangular configuration of three spacecraft with three 5-million-kilometre arms. This mission was pitched as a joint mission between ESA and NASA in 1997.

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measures frequencies too low for LISA. The different types of gravitational wave measurement systems — LISA, NANOGrav and ground-based detectors — are complementary rather than competitive, much like astronomical observatories in different electromagnetic bands (e.g.,

395:, or 0.12 Hz ). As the satellites are free-flying, the spacing is easily adjusted before launch, with upper bounds being imposed by the sizes of the telescopes required at each end of the interferometer (which are constrained by the size of the launch vehicle's 2530:

Amaro-Seoane, Pau; Gair, Jonathan R; Freitag, Marc; Miller, M Coleman; Mandel, Ilya; Cutler, Curt J; Babak, Stanislav (7 September 2007). "Intermediate and extreme mass-ratio inspirals—astrophysics, science applications and detection using LISA".

674:≈ 2) LISA will be able to locate mergers within 100 square degrees on the night sky at least 24 hours before the actual merger, allowing electromagnetic telescopes to search for counterparts, with the potential of witnessing the formation of a 406:

The original 2008 LISA proposal had arms 5 million kilometres (5 Gm) long. When downscoped to eLISA in 2013, arms of 1 million kilometres were proposed. The approved 2017 LISA proposal has arms 2.5 million kilometres (2.5 Gm) long.

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the three LISA spacecraft contains two telescopes, two lasers and two test masses (each a 46 mm, roughly 2 kg, gold-coated cube of gold/platinum), arranged in two optical assemblies pointed at the other two spacecraft. These form

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A LISA-like detector is sensitive to the low-frequency band of the gravitational-wave spectrum, which contains many astrophysically interesting sources. Such a detector would observe signals from binary stars within our galaxy (the

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resonant arm cavities and signal recycling systems like terrestrial detectors, limiting its length-measurement accuracy. But with arms almost a million times longer, the motions to be detected are correspondingly larger.

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orbiting white dwarf binaries. The number of such detections in the Milky Way is estimated to range from 17 in a pessimistic scenario to more than 2000 in an optimistic scenario, and even extragalactic detections in the

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will be able to detect events up to redshifts around 1. In the case of an intermediate mass black hole spiralling into a massive black hole (between 10 and 10 solar masses) events will be detectable up to at least

705:) of the smaller object. EMRIs are expected to occur regularly in the centers of most galaxies and in dense star clusters. Conservative population estimates predict at least one detectable event per year for LISA. 281:

On 25 January 2024, the LISA Mission was formally adopted by ESA. This adoption recognises that the mission concept and technology are advanced enough that building the spacecraft and its instruments can commence.

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Binétruy, Pierre; Bohé, Alejandro; Caprini, Chiara; Dufaux, Jean-François (13 June 2012). "Cosmological backgrounds of gravitational waves and eLISA/NGO: phase transitions, cosmic strings and other sources".

875:, are already in operation on Earth, but their sensitivity at low frequencies is limited by the largest practical arm lengths, by seismic noise, and by interference from nearby moving masses. Conversely, 277:

In January 2017, LISA was proposed as a candidate mission. On June 20, 2017, the suggested mission received its clearance goal for the 2030s, and was approved as one of the main research missions of ESA.

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Just as light comes in a spectrum, or a variety of wavelengths, so do gravitational waves. Different wavelengths point to different types of cosmic origins and require different flavors of detectors.

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with an absolute error of 0.01 (km/s)/Mpc. At larger ranges LISA events can (stochastically) be linked to electromagnetic counterparts, to further constrain the expansion curve of the universe.

6308: 8023: 7059: 3722: 876: 301:, can pass unhindered by intervening mass. Launching LISA will add a new sense to scientists' perception of the universe and enable them to study phenomena that are invisible in normal light. 274:. In 2013, ESA selected 'The Gravitational Universe' as the theme for one of its three large projects in the 2030s whereby it committed to launch a space-based gravitational-wave observatory. 391:

The longer the arms, the more sensitive the detector is to long-period gravitational waves, but its sensitivity to wavelengths shorter than the arms is reduced (2,500,000 km is 8.3

6409: 6906: 4981: 553:—less than the diameter of a helium atom—over a distance of a million kilometres, yielding a strain sensitivity of better than 1 part in 10 in the low-frequency band about a millihertz. 7084: 3681: 951: 258:(ESA). However, in 2011, NASA announced that it would be unable to continue its LISA partnership with the European Space Agency due to funding limitations. The project is a recognized 8459: 666:< 3), it will be able to determine the spins of the components, which carry information about the past evolution of the components (e.g. whether they have grown primarily through 297:. Passing gravitational waves alternately squeeze and stretch space itself by a tiny amount. Gravitational waves are caused by energetic events in the universe and, unlike any other 6451: 3485: 859:

to monitor fluctuations in the Earth–spacecraft distance. By contrast, LISA is a dedicated mission that will use laser interferometry to achieve a much higher sensitivity. Other

6033: 5739: 5715: 3594: 769:. The accuracy of such a determination is limited by the sample size and therefore the mission duration. With a mission lifetime of 4 years one expects to be able to determine 6532: 2698: 5061: 511:(EPTA). The characteristic strain of potential astrophysical sources are also shown. To be detectable the characteristic strain of a signal must be above the noise curve. 7197: 6399: 5203: 1031: 3610: 383:

to determine the spacecraft's position relative to the mass, very precise thrusters adjust the spacecraft so that it follows, keeping itself centered around the mass.

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Previous searches for gravitational waves in space were conducted for short periods by planetary missions that had other primary science objectives (such as

8449: 7828: 5031: 3854: 428: 379:. The test mass floats free inside, effectively in free-fall, while the spacecraft around it absorbs all these local non-gravitational forces. Then, using 3099: 1217: 6467: 5572: 4645: 4637: 2722: 2477:

Flanagan, Éanna É. (1998). "Measuring gravitational waves from binary black hole coalescences. I. Signal to noise for inspiral, merger, and ringdown".

5123: 4746: 1680: 1732: 243:. The LISA concept features three spacecraft arranged in an equilateral triangle with each side 2.5 million kilometers long, flying in an Earth-like 4343: 3782: 727: 1398: 1324: 6434: 3777: 2007: 201: 1654: 718:=3. Since little is known about the population of intermediate mass black holes, there is no good estimate of the event rates for these events. 597:

LISA will be able to detect the nearly monochromatic gravitational waves emanating of close binaries consisting of two compact stellar objects (

549:—and extremely high detection sensitivity. A LISA-like instrument should be able to measure relative displacements with a resolution of 20 7881: 7347: 6419: 5858: 5364: 4669: 8370: 1706: 1346: 974: 8319: 6429: 6028: 4452: 4391: 8324: 7438: 7149: 6472: 5827: 4958: 6198: 5604: 5468: 5428: 4225: 3374: 1372: 3049: 909:

mission had been experiencing technical delays, making it uncertain if the technology would be ready for the projected L1 launch date.

6717: 6565: 5524: 5252: 4762: 4468: 4367: 3921: 3546: 3456: 4420: 3388: 3378: 3368: 3337: 3327: 755:< 0.1) through the detection of massive black hole mergers and EMRIs. Consequently, it can make an independent measurement of the 8066: 7984: 7691: 7531: 7253: 6876: 6870: 6508: 6139: 5893: 5885: 5612: 4825: 4101: 3717: 3255: 1234: 499:

Detector noise curves for LISA and eLISA as a function of frequency. They lie in between the bands for ground-based detectors like

3131: 8043: 7505: 7223: 6912: 6293: 6283: 4996: 4661: 635: 456:: changes with periods of less than a day are signals of interest, while changes with periods of a month or more are irrelevant. 7974: 7481: 7235: 6303: 6048: 5532: 5492: 5046: 5026: 5011: 4849: 4722: 4573: 4557: 4525: 8464: 8005: 7470: 7312: 7191: 7185: 6404: 6191: 5933: 5596: 5476: 4738: 4613: 4605: 4500: 4383: 4287: 4271: 3306: 3297: 3287: 1035: 793: 578: 424: 380: 240: 236: 1105: 662:≈ 10. The most conservative population models expect at least a few such events to happen each year. For mergers closer by ( 1009: 8072: 7494: 6149: 6038: 5276: 5235: 5224: 4730: 4706: 4541: 3979: 3531: 3399: 3394: 797: 785: 332: 3409: 8454: 8039: 7524: 6741: 6093: 6083: 6078: 5941: 5356: 5001: 4094: 3712: 3271: 3248: 1079: 539: 515: 508: 8096: 7075: 6129: 6011: 5999: 5755: 5747: 5731: 4714: 4034: 3916: 3879: 3875: 2096: 860: 818: 687: 570: 526:. Indirect evidence of gravitational waves was derived from observations of the decreasing orbital periods of several 320: 1759: 545:

Observing gravitational waves requires two things: a strong source of gravitational waves—such as the merger of two

8474: 8337: 7832: 7382: 7202: 6795: 6777: 6747: 6657: 6372: 6339: 6313: 5917: 5901: 5630: 5620: 5588: 5516: 5436: 5300: 5219: 4460: 4359: 4201: 902: 2192: 8469: 8439: 8102: 7979: 7969: 7764: 7367: 7005: 6671: 6513: 6298: 6172: 6103: 6053: 4533: 4180: 2986: 1533: 8479: 8265: 7327: 6134: 6073: 3103: 1214: 844:: A gravitational wave passing over the left arm (yellow) changes its length and thus the interference pattern. 829: 667: 432: 365: 2782:

Tamanini, Nicola; Danielski, Camilla. "Listening to the gravitational wave sound of circumbinary exoplanets".

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LISA will be sensitive to the permanent displacement induced on probe masses by gravitational waves, known as

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LISA will be able to independently measure the redshift and distance of events occurring relatively close by (

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Wang, Gang; Ni, Wei-Tou (February 2013). "Numerical simulation of time delay interferometry for eLISA/NGO".

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LISA will be able to detect the gravitational waves from the merger of a pair of massive black holes with a

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View of amplified effects of a + polarized gravitational wave (stylized) on LISA laser beams / arms paths.

8129: 7090: 6389: 6214: 5081: 5071: 5016: 4629: 4404: 3017: 2294:"Gravitational waves detected 100 years after Einstein's prediction | NSF – National Science Foundation" 2232:

B. P. Abbott; et al. (2016). "Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger".

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with a period of 6.91 minutes, the second shortest period binary white dwarf pair discovered to date.

8239: 8196: 8058: 7769: 7428: 7132: 6976: 6858: 6626: 6608: 6559: 6382: 6377: 6154: 6043: 5460: 5444: 5187: 3542: 2943: 2886: 2822: 2663: 2607: 2550: 2496: 2443: 2390: 2337: 2251: 2145: 2049: 1911: 1854: 1801: 1633: 1594: 1511: 1472: 1433: 1181: 868: 698: 247:. The distance between the satellites is precisely monitored to detect a passing gravitational wave. 851: 8399: 8259: 8078: 8015: 7943: 7800: 7721: 7713: 7587: 7562: 7412: 7357: 7352: 7322: 7161: 7120: 7108: 7102: 6989: 6801: 6771: 6630: 6602: 6503: 6234: 6005: 5984: 5957: 5699: 5244: 5091: 4873: 4517: 4295: 4004: 3884: 3864: 3811: 3704: 3430: 2921: 1835:

Cornish, Neil; Robson, Travis (29 March 2017). "Galactic binary science with the new LISA design".

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seeks to use direct measurements of gravitational waves to study astrophysical systems and to test

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LISA spacecraft orbitography and interferometer – yearly-periodic revolution in heliocentric orbit.

122: 3118:"CALL FOR MISSION CONCEPTS FOR THE LARGE-SIZE 'L3' MISSION OPPORTUNITY IN ESA'S SCIENCE PROGRAMME" 460: 17: 8411: 8387: 8244: 7995: 7896: 7738: 7641: 7618: 7607: 7489: 7402: 7307: 7114: 7051: 6924: 6808: 6088: 5965: 5949: 5787: 5452: 5051: 4991: 4833: 4444: 4436: 4335: 4193: 4024: 3942: 3911: 3727: 3615: 3282: 3079: 2967: 2933: 2902: 2876: 2846: 2812: 2783: 2679: 2653: 2625: 2597: 2566: 2540: 2512: 2486: 2459: 2433: 2406: 2380: 2353: 2327: 2275: 2241: 2208: 2135: 2038:"Sub-Femto-g Free Fall for Space-Based Gravitational Wave Observatories: LISA Pathfinder Results" 1935: 1901: 1870: 1844: 1817: 1791: 1623: 1584: 1545: 1501: 1462: 1423: 1197: 1171: 577:

orbiting a supermassive black hole. There are also more speculative signals such as signals from

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Sesana, Alberto (2016). "Prospects for Multiband Gravitational-Wave Astronomy after GW150914".

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wavelengths by which the distance changes each second. Then, the signals are separated in the

441: 328: 185: 5076: 3404: 1376: 1135: 8363: 8090: 7955: 7443: 7302: 7027: 6367: 5580: 5508: 4351: 4209: 4009: 4000: 2951: 2894: 2830: 2764: 2671: 2615: 2558: 2504: 2451: 2398: 2345: 2259: 2200: 2163: 2153: 2067: 2057: 1919: 1862: 1809: 1555: 1189: 756: 453: 3461: 7612: 7259: 7096: 6355: 6144: 6113: 5683: 5564: 4513: 4132: 4117: 1221: 906: 740: 614: 519: 479: 473: 396: 165: 2753:"The gravitational-wave detection of exoplanets orbiting white dwarf binaries using LISA" 2349: 1866: 1193: 2955: 2947: 2890: 2826: 2675: 2667: 2611: 2554: 2500: 2447: 2402: 2394: 2341: 2293: 2255: 2149: 2053: 1915: 1858: 1813: 1805: 1637: 1598: 1515: 1476: 1437: 1306: 1185: 8423: 8375: 7777: 7773: 7743: 7595: 7292: 6493: 6249: 5006: 4986: 4549: 3958: 3631: 3141: 2168: 2123: 574: 483: 316: 294: 175: 2562: 2455: 1534:"Circumbinary exoplanets and brown dwarfs with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna" 8433: 8305: 8287: 8117: 6636: 6577: 6444: 6267: 4881: 4770: 4484: 4148: 4068: 3889: 3743: 3117: 3078:

Danzmann, Karsten; The eLISA Consortium (24 May 2013). "The Gravitational Universe".

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Enrico, Barausse; et al. (2020). "Prospects for fundamental physics with LISA".

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orbiting such binaries, and possibly other sources of cosmological origin, such as a

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Danielski, Camilla; Korol, Valeriya; Tamanini, Nicola; Rossi, Elena Maria (2019).

3100:"Selected: The Gravitational Universe ESA decides on next Large Mission Concepts" 2987:"Scientists have two ways to spot gravitational waves. Here are some other ideas" 1889: 1113: 8299: 8048: 7901: 7843: 7838: 7789: 7749: 7726: 7674: 7668: 7662: 7646: 7624: 7601: 7570: 7377: 7297: 6970: 6966: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6938: 6934: 6651: 6488: 5340: 4476: 4375: 4217: 881: 702: 626: 598: 415: 392: 324: 135: 3240: 2898: 1215:

Selected: The Gravitational Universe ESA decides on next Large Mission Concepts

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Stroeer, A; Vecchio, A (7 October 2006). "The LISA verification binaries".

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Nelemans, Gijs (7 May 2009). "The Galactic gravitational wave foreground".

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send its outgoing beam to where its partner will be a few seconds from now

8208: 8190: 8184: 8157: 8000: 7875: 7869: 7813: 7754: 6882: 6864: 6824: 6759: 6689: 6498: 6262: 6257: 5771: 5707: 5548: 5260: 5021: 4921: 4913: 4817: 4754: 4565: 4428: 4254: 4246: 3952: 3926: 3828: 3822: 3817: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3568: 3563: 2545: 2438: 2140: 921: 885: 655: 336: 235:—from astronomical sources. LISA will be the first dedicated space-based 112: 6183: 2158: 1982: 355: 8202: 8166: 8084: 8028: 7990: 7911: 7783: 7759: 7397: 7272: 7265: 7247: 7241: 7179: 7173: 7167: 6888: 6614: 6414: 6394: 6334: 6239: 5994: 5925: 5763: 5412: 5372: 5268: 5179: 5171: 5163: 5155: 5147: 5139: 4857: 4841: 4809: 3686: 2072: 954:(DECIGO) – proposed Japanese space based gravitational-wave observatory 523: 39: 7516: 2491: 739:

the propagation of gravitational waves, or through the possibility of

8172: 8111: 7951: 7906: 7891: 7863: 7853: 7636: 7387: 7019: 6789: 6723: 6553: 6098: 5835: 5691: 5404: 5348: 5316: 5308: 5231: 5211: 4801: 4778: 4677: 4653: 4492: 4319: 4279: 4156: 3974: 3522: 3333: 2586:"Expectations for extreme-mass-ratio bursts from the Galactic Centre" 2095:

Moore, Christopher; Cole, Robert; Berry, Christopher (19 July 2013).

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Soon afterwards, ESA announced it would be selecting themes for its

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generated in the early universe through various channels, including

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LISA will also be able to detect the presence of large planets and

8135: 7576: 7229: 6900: 6816: 6765: 6711: 6068: 6063: 5866: 5803: 5723: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5625: 5556: 5420: 5380: 5332: 5324: 5292: 5284: 4889: 4262: 3748: 3537: 3506: 3384: 3084: 2938: 2658: 2602: 2385: 2332: 1796: 1628: 1589: 1506: 1467: 1428: 1176: 828: 494: 414: 354: 125: 905:(JUICE) as its L1 mission. One of the main concerns was that the 371:

To eliminate non-gravitational forces such as light pressure and

7858: 7818: 7362: 7337: 7317: 6108: 6058: 6016: 5989: 5909: 5500: 4905: 4589: 3578: 3527: 3512: 3502: 3180: 3102:. Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics. Archived from 2699:"Discovering the shortest orbital period eclipsing binary known" 1768: 969: 967: 864: 634:

might be possible, far beyond the current capabilities of other

259: 251: 7520: 6530: 6187: 4090: 3244: 76: 8231: 3166: 3136: 979: 262:

experiment (RE8). A scaled-down design initially known as the

920:

As of January 2024, LISA is expected to launch in 2035 on an

2723:"ZTF found Dead Stars Whipping Around Each Other in Minutes" 670:

or mergers). For mergers around the peak of star formation (

227:) is a planned space probe to detect and accurately measure 239:. It aims to measure gravitational waves directly by using 3212: 1006:"eLISA, The First Gravitational Wave Observatory in Space" 3227: 833:

Simplified operation of a gravitational wave observatory

2191:

Castelvecchi, Davide; Witze, Witze (February 11, 2016).

1767:. Stanford 2008 Position Navigation and Time Symposium. 1761:

LISA: Drag-free Formation Flying at 5 million kilometers

1347:"Capturing the ripples of spacetime: LISA gets go-ahead" 1057: 975:"Capturing the ripples of spacetime: LISA gets go-ahead" 952:

Deci-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory

459:

This difference means that LISA cannot use high-finesse

375:

on the test masses, each spacecraft is constructed as a

285:

The LISA mission is designed for direct observation of

270:) was proposed as one of three large projects in ESA's 250:

The LISA project started out as a joint effort between

8335: 27:

European space mission to measure gravitational waves

585:

and primordial gravitational waves generated during

8278: 8230: 8057: 8014: 7942: 7799: 7712: 7705: 7655: 7586: 7561: 7552: 7421: 7283: 7212: 7142: 7074: 6851: 6700: 6595: 6546: 6539: 6481: 6460: 6348: 6327: 6276: 6248: 6225: 6122: 5977: 5878: 5847: 5100: 4957: 4794: 4697: 4512: 4403: 4237: 4192: 4131: 4124: 3988: 3935: 3904: 3844: 3770: 3763: 3736: 3703: 3669: 3653: 3644: 3624: 3603: 3587: 3556: 3495: 3484: 3439: 3423: 3357: 3316: 3305: 3296: 2697:Community, Nature Research Astronomy (2019-07-24). 1983:"First locks released from LISA Pathfinder's cubes" 184: 174: 164: 154: 149: 131: 118: 108: 100: 95: 71: 61: 53: 2862: 2860: 2584:Berry, C. P. L.; Gair, J. R. (12 September 2013). 2014:. eLISA Science.org. March 8, 2016. Archived from 1235:"ESA's new vision to study the invisible universe" 1136:"RE8/LISA: The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna" 2590:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 1527: 1525: 440:between one local laser and one distant laser by 6309:Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre 3012: 3010: 1276: 1274: 1272: 654:all the way back to their earliest formation at 2124:"Testing General Relativity with Pulsar Timing" 1649: 1647: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 924:, two years earlier than previously announced. 8460:Interferometric gravitational-wave instruments 6319:Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility 2646:Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2193:"Einstein's gravitational waves found at last" 2012:Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics 1000: 998: 7532: 6199: 4102: 3825:(first-ever possible light from bh-bh merger) 3256: 2751:Tamanini, Nicola; Danielski, Camilla (2019). 339:, and speculative astrophysical objects like 8: 3018:"The Gravitational Universe (science theme)" 2008:"LISA Pathfinder begins its science mission" 1082:. NASA/US Federal Government. Archived from 32: 7709: 7558: 7539: 7525: 7517: 6543: 6527: 6468:European Launcher Development Organisation 6222: 6206: 6192: 6184: 4128: 4109: 4095: 4087: 3767: 3650: 3492: 3313: 3302: 3263: 3249: 3241: 3044: 3042: 2097:"Gravitational Wave Detectors and Sources" 1888:Abich, Klaus; et al. (19 July 2019). 1282:"LISA: Laser Interferometer Space Antenna" 304:Potential sources for signals are merging 38: 31: 3209:"LISA International Science Team website" 3083: 2937: 2880: 2816: 2787: 2657: 2619: 2601: 2544: 2490: 2437: 2384: 2331: 2245: 2167: 2157: 2139: 2071: 2061: 1905: 1848: 1795: 1627: 1588: 1549: 1505: 1466: 1427: 1401:. Scientific American. 17 September 2013. 1175: 784:LISA will be sensitive to the stochastic 3837:(first black hole - neutron star merger) 3027:. University of Bicocca. 4 February 2014 8342: 963: 765:that does not depend on the use of the 722:Multi-band gravitational wave astronomy 571:extreme-mass-ratio inspirals and bursts 538:project announced that it had directly 315:, massive black holes orbited by small 2922:"The gravitational-wave memory effect" 1758:Byer, Robert L. (November 5–6, 2008). 1307:"Europe selects grand gravity mission" 44:Artist's conception of LISA spacecraft 8320:List of proposed missions to the Moon 6430:Space Situational Awareness Programme 1989:. ESA Press Release. February 3, 2016 1837:Journal of Physics: Conference Series 709:Intermediate mass black hole binaries 7: 8325:List of proposed space observatories 7692:Chinese Crewed Lunar Landing Mission 7477: 6473:European Space Research Organisation 6289:Space Research and Technology Centre 3395:Stanford gravitational wave detector 3059:. Rabould University Nijimegen. 2012 2985:Conover, Emily (15 September 2023). 825:Other gravitational-wave experiments 431:. Its three satellites form a giant 7501: 2703:Nature Research Astronomy Community 8450:European Space Agency space probes 3547:European Gravitational Observatory 1735:. eLISA Consortium. Archived from 1709:. eLISA Consortium. Archived from 1683:. eLISA Consortium. Archived from 1657:. eLISA Consortium. Archived from 1375:. eLISA Consortium. Archived from 1287:. LISA Consortium. 20 January 2017 1034:. eLISA Consortium. Archived from 1008:. eLISA Consortium. Archived from 728:first gravitational wave detection 726:Following the announcement of the 264:New Gravitational-wave Observatory 221:Laser Interferometer Space Antenna 33:Laser Interferometer Space Antenna 25: 18:New Gravitational wave Observatory 7985:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 6140:List of proposed space telescopes 4826:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope 3831:(first-ever "mass gap" collision) 3140:. 8 November 2021. Archived from 1080:"President's FY12 Budget Request" 8417: 8405: 8393: 8381: 8369: 8357: 8345: 7500: 7488: 7476: 7465: 7464: 6294:ESA Centre for Earth Observation 6168: 6167: 2036:Armano, M.; et al. (2016). 1106:"Recognized Experiments at CERN" 636:detection methods for exoplanets 425:gravitational wave-observatories 5047:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory 1961:"ESA: Lisa Pathfinder overview" 1140:The CERN Experimental Programme 747:Probe expansion of the universe 231:—tiny ripples in the fabric of 57:Gravitational waves observation 7313:Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer 3288:Gravitational-wave observatory 3050:"eLISA (or NGO): the New LISA" 2835:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.231102 2350:10.1088/0264-9381/29/12/124016 2264:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 2063:10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.231101 1924:10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.031101 1867:10.1088/1742-6596/840/1/012024 1194:10.1088/0264-9381/29/12/124016 1110:The CERN Scientific Committees 1032:"eLISA, Partners and Contacts" 794:cosmological phase transitions 734:Fundamental black hole physics 579:cosmological phase transitions 366:Michelson-like interferometers 237:gravitational-wave observatory 1: 6150:List of heliophysics missions 3980:Gravitational wave background 3532:LIGO Scientific Collaboration 2956:10.1088/0264-9381/27/8/084036 2926:Classical and Quantum Gravity 2676:10.1088/1475-7516/2012/06/027 2533:Classical and Quantum Gravity 2426:Classical and Quantum Gravity 2403:10.1088/0264-9381/26/9/094030 2373:Classical and Quantum Gravity 2320:Classical and Quantum Gravity 1814:10.1088/0264-9381/30/6/065011 1784:Classical and Quantum Gravity 1681:"eLISA: distance measurement" 1373:"eLISA: Science Context 2028" 1164:Classical and Quantum Gravity 798:spontaneous symmetry breaking 786:gravitational wave background 780:Gravitational wave background 333:cosmological phase transition 3783:First observation (GW150914) 3569:TAMA 20, later known as LISM 3272:Gravitational-wave astronomy 2128:Living Reviews in Relativity 1655:"eLISA: the mission concept" 1538:Astronomy & Astrophysics 682:Extreme mass ratio inspirals 540:detected gravitational waves 516:Gravitational-wave astronomy 509:European Pulsar Timing Array 321:extreme mass ratio inspirals 6130:Great Observatories program 3917:Tests of general relativity 2920:Favata, Marc (2010-04-21). 2563:10.1088/0264-9381/24/17/R01 2456:10.1088/0264-9381/23/19/S19 1733:"eLISA: dragfree operation" 1560:10.1051/0004-6361/201936729 861:gravitational wave antennas 819:gravitational memory effect 688:Extreme mass ratio inspiral 621:Planets of compact binaries 573:produced by a stellar-mass 478:An ESA test mission called 289:, which are distortions of 8496: 8163:ISS Deorbit Vehicle (2030) 7383:Mars sample return mission 7203:European Data Relay System 6883:Meteosat Second Generation 6796:James Webb Space Telescope 6658:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer 6340:European Data Relay System 6314:Concurrent Design Facility 5621:Orbiting Solar Observatory 3579:Caltech 40m interferometer 2899:10.1007/s10714-020-02691-1 2122:Stairs, Ingrid H. (2003). 1058:"LISA on the NASA website" 903:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer 857:microwave Doppler tracking 685: 642:Massive black hole mergers 542:from a black hole merger. 471: 8315: 7456: 7006:Meteosat Third Generation 6865:Meteosat First Generation 6526: 6514:Planetary Science Archive 6299:European Astronaut Centre 6221: 6173:Category:Space telescopes 6163: 3278: 3195:"LISA Pathfinder mission" 3167:"eLISA Consortium portal" 2769:10.1038/s41550-019-0807-y 2727:Zwicky Transient Facility 2205:10.1038/nature.2016.19361 942:– proposed LISA successor 593:Galactic compact binaries 198: 194: 145: 141: 91: 87: 49: 37: 8266:Uranus Orbiter and Probe 6135:List of space telescopes 4020:Supermassive black holes 3132:"LISA | Mission Summary" 2509:10.1103/PhysRevD.57.4535 563:supermassive black holes 534:. In February 2016, the 433:Michelson interferometer 6425:Living Planet Programme 6284:Space Operations Centre 3859:Resonant mass detectors 2234:Physical Review Letters 1963:. European Space Agency 1894:Physical Review Letters 1353:. European Space Agency 934:Beyond Einstein program 561:); signals from binary 6736:Hubble Space Telescope 6304:Space Astronomy Centre 5461:HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.) 1112:. CERN. Archived from 846: 800:, and cosmic strings. 767:cosmic distance ladder 587:cosmological inflation 512: 420: 360: 8465:Proposed space probes 8130:Venus Orbiter Mission 6533:Projects and missions 6215:European Space Agency 5082:Space Solar Telescope 4044:Rotating neutron star 3855:Laser interferometers 2621:10.1093/mnras/stt1543 1707:"eLISA: key features" 832: 498: 418: 358: 256:European Space Agency 155:Reference system 7133:European Robotic Arm 6977:Sentinel-5 Precursor 6155:List of planetariums 5057:NRO donation to NASA 3936:Effects / properties 3865:Atom interferometers 3778:List of observations 3705:Pulsar timing arrays 3228:"NASA LISA homepage" 505:pulsar timing arrays 429:laser interferometry 241:laser interferometry 8455:Future spaceflights 7547:Future spaceflights 7458:Future missions in 6504:European Space Camp 6235:Guiana Space Centre 5851:(Mission completed) 4133:Radio and Microwave 4025:Stellar black holes 4005:quantum fluctuation 3885:Pulsar timing array 3872:Indirect detection 3812:neutron star merger 3595:INDIGO (LIGO-India) 3181:"ESA LISA homepage" 3144:on 10 November 2021 2948:2010CQGra..27h4036F 2891:2020GReGr..52...81B 2827:2016PhRvL.116w1102S 2668:2012JCAP...06..027B 2612:2013MNRAS.435.3521B 2555:2007CQGra..24R.113A 2501:1998PhRvD..57.4535F 2448:2006CQGra..23S.809S 2395:2009CQGra..26i4030N 2342:2012CQGra..29l4016A 2256:2016PhRvL.116f1102A 2159:10.12942/lrr-2003-5 2150:2003LRR.....6....5S 2054:2016PhRvL.116w1101A 1916:2019PhRvL.123c1101A 1859:2017JPhCS.840a2024C 1806:2013CQGra..30f5011W 1638:2013GWN.....6....4A 1599:2013GWN.....6....4A 1516:2013GWN.....6....4A 1477:2013GWN.....6....4A 1438:2013GWN.....6....4A 1186:2012CQGra..29l4016A 532:Hulse–Taylor pulsar 427:, LISA is based on 411:Detection principle 377:zero-drag satellite 351:Mission description 287:gravitational waves 229:gravitational waves 34: 7619:Boeing Starliner-1 7308:Ceres Polar Lander 7143:Telecommunications 5788:Suzaku (Astro-EII) 5613:OAO-3 (Copernicus) 5597:Mikhailo Lomonosov 5445:Hinotori (Astro-A) 5052:New Worlds Mission 3912:General relativity 3616:Einstein Telescope 3518:Fermilab holometer 3283:Gravitational wave 1739:on 5 December 2013 1713:on 5 December 2013 1687:on 5 December 2013 1661:on 5 December 2013 1379:on 21 October 2014 1220:2016-10-03 at the 1038:on 5 December 2013 1012:on 5 December 2013 847: 650:between 10 and 10 513: 442:light interference 421: 381:capacitive sensing 361: 335:shortly after the 329:substellar objects 327:of compact stars, 293:travelling at the 245:heliocentric orbit 150:Orbital parameters 8475:Space-based laser 8333: 8332: 8274: 8273: 8140:Comet Interceptor 8104:Rosalind Franklin 7823:Lunar Trailblazer 7701: 7700: 7514: 7513: 7452: 7451: 7070: 7069: 6852:Earth observation 6682:Comet Interceptor 6673:Rosalind Franklin 6645:Trace Gas Orbiter 6596:Planetary science 6522: 6521: 6435:Science Programme 6181: 6180: 6079:SIM & SIMlite 5453:Hisaki (SPRINT-A) 5413:Hakucho (CORSA-b) 4972:Astro-1 Telescope 4790: 4789: 4084: 4083: 3900: 3899: 3851:Direct detection 3699: 3698: 3695: 3694: 3677:Big Bang Observer 3640: 3639: 3480: 3479: 2539:(17): R113–R169. 2479:Physical Review D 2432:(19): S809–S817. 2018:on April 19, 2016 1611:See sect. 1.1 in 1572:See sect. 7.2 in 1489:See sect. 3.3 in 1450:See sect. 4.3 in 1411:See sect. 5.2 in 983:. 25 January 2024 940:Big Bang Observer 741:hairy black holes 632:Magellanic Clouds 423:Like most modern 345:domain boundaries 311:at the centre of 217: 216: 16:(Redirected from 8487: 8470:Space telescopes 8440:CERN experiments 8422: 8421: 8410: 8409: 8408: 8398: 8397: 8396: 8386: 8385: 8384: 8374: 8373: 8362: 8361: 8360: 8350: 8349: 8341: 7710: 7559: 7541: 7534: 7527: 7518: 7504: 7503: 7492: 7480: 7479: 7468: 7467: 7444:Schiaparelli EDM 7303:Calathus Mission 7127:Georges Lemaître 7085:ISS contribution 6544: 6528: 6223: 6208: 6201: 6194: 6185: 6171: 6170: 5970: 5966:Hitomi (Astro-H) 5962: 5954: 5946: 5938: 5930: 5922: 5914: 5906: 5898: 5890: 5871: 5863: 5852: 5840: 5832: 5824: 5816: 5808: 5800: 5792: 5784: 5776: 5768: 5760: 5752: 5744: 5736: 5728: 5720: 5712: 5704: 5696: 5688: 5680: 5672: 5617: 5609: 5601: 5593: 5585: 5577: 5569: 5561: 5553: 5545: 5537: 5529: 5521: 5513: 5505: 5497: 5489: 5481: 5473: 5465: 5457: 5449: 5441: 5433: 5425: 5417: 5409: 5401: 5393: 5385: 5377: 5369: 5361: 5353: 5345: 5337: 5329: 5321: 5313: 5305: 5297: 5289: 5281: 5273: 5265: 5257: 5249: 5241: 5216: 5208: 5200: 5192: 5184: 5176: 5168: 5160: 5152: 5144: 5136: 5128: 5120: 5112: 4950: 4942: 4934: 4926: 4918: 4910: 4902: 4894: 4886: 4878: 4870: 4862: 4854: 4846: 4838: 4830: 4822: 4814: 4806: 4783: 4775: 4767: 4759: 4751: 4743: 4735: 4727: 4719: 4711: 4700:or unclassified) 4690: 4682: 4674: 4666: 4658: 4650: 4642: 4634: 4626: 4618: 4610: 4602: 4594: 4586: 4578: 4570: 4562: 4554: 4546: 4538: 4530: 4505: 4497: 4489: 4481: 4473: 4465: 4457: 4449: 4445:Hinode (Solar-B) 4441: 4433: 4425: 4417: 4396: 4388: 4380: 4372: 4364: 4356: 4348: 4340: 4336:Hinode (Solar-B) 4332: 4324: 4316: 4308: 4300: 4292: 4284: 4276: 4268: 4259: 4251: 4230: 4222: 4214: 4206: 4185: 4177: 4169: 4161: 4153: 4145: 4129: 4118:Space telescopes 4111: 4104: 4097: 4088: 4016:Binary inspiral 4010:Phase transition 4001:Cosmic inflation 3768: 3651: 3493: 3314: 3303: 3265: 3258: 3251: 3242: 3237: 3235: 3234: 3223: 3221: 3220: 3211:. Archived from 3204: 3202: 3201: 3190: 3188: 3187: 3176: 3174: 3173: 3154: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3054: 3046: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3022: 3014: 3005: 3004: 2999: 2997: 2982: 2976: 2975: 2941: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2884: 2864: 2855: 2854: 2820: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2791: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2757:Nature Astronomy 2748: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2738: 2729:. Archived from 2719: 2713: 2712: 2710: 2709: 2694: 2688: 2687: 2661: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2623: 2605: 2596:(4): 3521–3540. 2581: 2575: 2574: 2548: 2546:astro-ph/0703495 2527: 2521: 2520: 2494: 2485:(8): 4535–4565. 2474: 2468: 2467: 2441: 2439:astro-ph/0605227 2421: 2415: 2414: 2388: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2335: 2314: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2304: 2290: 2284: 2283: 2249: 2229: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2219: 2188: 2182: 2181: 2171: 2161: 2143: 2141:astro-ph/0307536 2119: 2113: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2103:on 16 April 2014 2099:. Archived from 2092: 2086: 2085: 2075: 2065: 2033: 2027: 2026: 2024: 2023: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1995: 1994: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1957: 1951: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1909: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1852: 1832: 1826: 1825: 1799: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1766: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1746: 1744: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1651: 1642: 1641: 1631: 1609: 1603: 1602: 1592: 1570: 1564: 1563: 1553: 1529: 1520: 1519: 1509: 1487: 1481: 1480: 1470: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1431: 1409: 1403: 1402: 1395: 1389: 1388: 1386: 1384: 1369: 1363: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1343: 1337: 1336: 1334: 1332: 1321: 1315: 1314: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1286: 1278: 1247: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1231: 1225: 1212: 1206: 1205: 1179: 1158: 1152: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1132: 1126: 1125: 1123: 1121: 1102: 1096: 1095: 1093: 1091: 1076: 1070: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1054: 1048: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1028: 1022: 1021: 1019: 1017: 1002: 993: 992: 990: 988: 971: 757:Hubble parameter 678:after a merger. 454:frequency domain 96:Start of mission 83: 80: 78: 42: 35: 21: 8495: 8494: 8490: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8485: 8484: 8480:2035 in science 8430: 8429: 8428: 8416: 8406: 8404: 8394: 8392: 8382: 8380: 8368: 8358: 8356: 8344: 8336: 8334: 8329: 8311: 8280: 8270: 8226: 8053: 8010: 7938: 7795: 7697: 7651: 7613:Axiom Mission 4 7582: 7548: 7545: 7515: 7510: 7448: 7417: 7285: 7279: 7260:LISA Pathfinder 7217: 7215: 7208: 7138: 7121:Albert Einstein 7109:Johannes Kepler 7066: 6847: 6705: 6703: 6696: 6591: 6535: 6518: 6477: 6456: 6344: 6323: 6272: 6250:Launch vehicles 6244: 6217: 6212: 6182: 6177: 6159: 6145:X-ray telescope 6118: 6000:Constellation-X 5973: 5968: 5960: 5952: 5944: 5936: 5928: 5920: 5912: 5904: 5896: 5888: 5874: 5869: 5861: 5850: 5849: 5843: 5838: 5836:Yokoh (Solar-A) 5830: 5822: 5814: 5806: 5804:Tenma (Astro-B) 5798: 5790: 5782: 5774: 5766: 5758: 5750: 5742: 5734: 5726: 5718: 5710: 5702: 5694: 5686: 5678: 5670: 5615: 5607: 5599: 5591: 5583: 5575: 5567: 5565:LISA Pathfinder 5559: 5551: 5543: 5535: 5527: 5519: 5511: 5503: 5495: 5487: 5479: 5471: 5463: 5455: 5447: 5439: 5431: 5423: 5421:HALCA (MUSES-B) 5415: 5407: 5399: 5397:Ginga (Astro-C) 5391: 5383: 5375: 5367: 5359: 5351: 5343: 5335: 5327: 5319: 5311: 5303: 5295: 5287: 5279: 5271: 5263: 5255: 5247: 5239: 5214: 5206: 5198: 5190: 5182: 5174: 5166: 5158: 5150: 5142: 5134: 5126: 5118: 5116:Akari (Astro-F) 5110: 5096: 4953: 4948: 4940: 4932: 4924: 4916: 4908: 4900: 4892: 4884: 4876: 4868: 4860: 4852: 4844: 4836: 4828: 4820: 4812: 4804: 4786: 4781: 4773: 4765: 4757: 4749: 4741: 4733: 4725: 4717: 4709: 4699: 4698:Other (particle 4693: 4688: 4680: 4672: 4664: 4656: 4648: 4640: 4632: 4624: 4616: 4608: 4600: 4592: 4584: 4576: 4568: 4560: 4552: 4544: 4536: 4528: 4508: 4503: 4495: 4487: 4479: 4471: 4463: 4455: 4447: 4439: 4431: 4423: 4415: 4399: 4394: 4386: 4378: 4370: 4362: 4354: 4346: 4338: 4330: 4322: 4314: 4306: 4298: 4290: 4282: 4274: 4266: 4257: 4249: 4233: 4228: 4220: 4212: 4204: 4188: 4183: 4175: 4167: 4159: 4151: 4143: 4120: 4115: 4085: 4080: 3989:Types / sources 3984: 3931: 3922:Metric theories 3896: 3840: 3759: 3732: 3691: 3665: 3647:interferometers 3646: 3636: 3620: 3611:Cosmic Explorer 3599: 3583: 3552: 3488:interferometers 3487: 3476: 3471:Mario Schenberg 3435: 3419: 3353: 3349:Mario Schenberg 3308: 3292: 3274: 3269: 3232: 3230: 3226: 3218: 3216: 3207: 3199: 3197: 3193: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3171: 3169: 3165: 3162: 3157: 3147: 3145: 3130: 3129: 3125: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3062: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3040: 3030: 3028: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3008: 2995: 2993: 2991:sciencenews.org 2984: 2983: 2979: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2866: 2865: 2858: 2805:Phys. Rev. Lett 2802: 2801: 2797: 2781: 2780: 2776: 2750: 2749: 2745: 2736: 2734: 2721: 2720: 2716: 2707: 2705: 2696: 2695: 2691: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2476: 2475: 2471: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2302: 2300: 2292: 2291: 2287: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2217: 2215: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2121: 2120: 2116: 2106: 2104: 2094: 2093: 2089: 2042:Phys. Rev. Lett 2035: 2034: 2030: 2021: 2019: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1992: 1990: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1966: 1964: 1959: 1958: 1954: 1944: 1942: 1887: 1886: 1882: 1834: 1833: 1829: 1781: 1780: 1776: 1764: 1757: 1756: 1752: 1742: 1740: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1716: 1714: 1705: 1704: 1700: 1690: 1688: 1679: 1678: 1674: 1664: 1662: 1653: 1652: 1645: 1612: 1610: 1606: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1531: 1530: 1523: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1451: 1449: 1445: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1397: 1396: 1392: 1382: 1380: 1371: 1370: 1366: 1356: 1354: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1330: 1328: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1313:. 20 June 2017. 1305: 1304: 1300: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1279: 1250: 1240: 1238: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1222:Wayback Machine 1213: 1209: 1160: 1159: 1155: 1145: 1143: 1134: 1133: 1129: 1119: 1117: 1116:on 13 June 2019 1104: 1103: 1099: 1089: 1087: 1078: 1077: 1073: 1063: 1061: 1056: 1055: 1051: 1041: 1039: 1030: 1029: 1025: 1015: 1013: 1004: 1003: 996: 986: 984: 973: 972: 965: 961: 930: 907:LISA Pathfinder 894: 852:Cassini–Huygens 845: 839: 827: 815: 806: 782: 775: 764: 749: 736: 724: 711: 690: 684: 644: 623: 595: 493: 480:LISA Pathfinder 476: 474:LISA Pathfinder 470: 468:LISA Pathfinder 446:GRACE Follow-On 413: 397:payload fairing 389: 353: 317:compact objects 272:long-term plans 213: 212: 205: 166:Semi-major axis 75: 45: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8493: 8491: 8483: 8482: 8477: 8472: 8467: 8462: 8457: 8452: 8447: 8442: 8432: 8431: 8427: 8426: 8414: 8402: 8390: 8378: 8366: 8354: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8327: 8322: 8316: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8309: 8308:(28 September) 8303: 8302:(11 September) 8297: 8296:(10 September) 8291: 8284: 8282: 8276: 8275: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8268: 8263: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8236: 8234: 8228: 8227: 8225: 8224: 8218: 8212: 8206: 8200: 8194: 8188: 8182: 8176: 8170: 8164: 8161: 8155: 8149: 8143: 8133: 8127: 8121: 8115: 8109: 8100: 8094: 8088: 8082: 8076: 8070: 8063: 8061: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8051: 8046: 8037: 8031: 8026: 8020: 8018: 8012: 8011: 8009: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7993: 7988: 7982: 7977: 7972: 7967: 7958: 7948: 7946: 7940: 7939: 7937: 7936: 7930: 7924: 7919: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7873: 7867: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7826: 7816: 7811: 7805: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7793: 7787: 7781: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7744:Europa Clipper 7741: 7736: 7730: 7724: 7718: 7716: 7707: 7703: 7702: 7699: 7698: 7696: 7695: 7689: 7683: 7677: 7672: 7666: 7659: 7657: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7610: 7605: 7599: 7596:SpaceX Crew-10 7592: 7590: 7584: 7583: 7581: 7580: 7574: 7567: 7565: 7556: 7550: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7543: 7536: 7529: 7521: 7512: 7511: 7509: 7508: 7498: 7486: 7474: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7450: 7449: 7447: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7425: 7423: 7419: 7418: 7416: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7365: 7360: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7323:Darwin Mission 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7300: 7295: 7289: 7287: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7277: 7269: 7268:(2019–present) 7263: 7257: 7251: 7250:(2013–present) 7245: 7244:(2009–present) 7239: 7233: 7232:(2001–present) 7227: 7220: 7218: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7206: 7205:(2016–present) 7200: 7195: 7194:(2014–present) 7189: 7188:(2011–present) 7183: 7182:(2010–present) 7177: 7176:(2008–present) 7171: 7170:(2005–present) 7165: 7164:(2001–present) 7159: 7153: 7146: 7144: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7136: 7130: 7124: 7118: 7115:Edoardo Amaldi 7112: 7106: 7105:(2010–present) 7100: 7094: 7093:(2008–present) 7088: 7087:(1998–present) 7081: 7079: 7072: 7071: 7068: 7067: 7065: 7064: 7056: 7048: 7040: 7032: 7024: 7016: 7002: 6994: 6986: 6985:(2018–present) 6980: 6979:(2017–present) 6974: 6973:(2016–present) 6960: 6959:(2015–present) 6942: 6941:(2014–present) 6928: 6927:(2013–present) 6922: 6921:(2010–present) 6916: 6915:(2009–present) 6910: 6904: 6903:(2006–present) 6898: 6892: 6886: 6885:(2002–present) 6880: 6874: 6868: 6862: 6861:(1988–present) 6855: 6853: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6845: 6837: 6829: 6821: 6813: 6805: 6804:(2023–present) 6799: 6798:(2021–present) 6793: 6792:(2019–present) 6787: 6786:(2013–present) 6781: 6775: 6769: 6763: 6762:(2002–present) 6757: 6756:(1999–present) 6751: 6745: 6739: 6738:(1990–present) 6733: 6727: 6721: 6715: 6708: 6706: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6686: 6678: 6669: 6661: 6655: 6654:(2018–present) 6649: 6648:(2016–present) 6640: 6634: 6624: 6623:(2003–present) 6618: 6612: 6606: 6599: 6597: 6593: 6592: 6590: 6589: 6581: 6580:(2020–present) 6575: 6569: 6568:(1995–present) 6563: 6557: 6550: 6548: 6541: 6537: 6536: 6531: 6524: 6523: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6494:ESA Television 6491: 6485: 6483: 6482:Related topics 6479: 6478: 6476: 6475: 6470: 6464: 6462: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6449: 6448: 6447: 6442: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6386: 6385: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6364: 6363: 6352: 6350: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6342: 6337: 6331: 6329: 6328:Communications 6325: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6280: 6278: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6254: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6231: 6229: 6219: 6218: 6213: 6211: 6210: 6203: 6196: 6188: 6179: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6164: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6126: 6124: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5981: 5979: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5971: 5963: 5955: 5947: 5939: 5931: 5923: 5915: 5907: 5899: 5891: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5864: 5855: 5853: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5841: 5833: 5825: 5817: 5809: 5801: 5793: 5785: 5777: 5769: 5761: 5753: 5745: 5737: 5729: 5721: 5713: 5705: 5697: 5689: 5681: 5673: 5665: 5664: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5618: 5610: 5602: 5594: 5586: 5578: 5570: 5562: 5554: 5546: 5538: 5530: 5522: 5514: 5506: 5498: 5490: 5482: 5474: 5466: 5458: 5450: 5442: 5434: 5426: 5418: 5410: 5402: 5394: 5386: 5378: 5370: 5362: 5354: 5346: 5338: 5330: 5322: 5314: 5306: 5298: 5290: 5282: 5277:Compton (CGRO) 5274: 5266: 5258: 5250: 5242: 5229: 5228: 5227: 5222: 5209: 5204:ASCA (Astro-D) 5201: 5193: 5185: 5177: 5169: 5161: 5153: 5145: 5137: 5129: 5121: 5113: 5104: 5102: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5007:Hypertelescope 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4987:Fresnel Imager 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4963: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4951: 4943: 4935: 4927: 4919: 4911: 4903: 4895: 4887: 4879: 4871: 4863: 4855: 4847: 4839: 4831: 4823: 4815: 4807: 4798: 4796: 4792: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4776: 4768: 4760: 4752: 4744: 4736: 4728: 4720: 4712: 4703: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4692: 4691: 4683: 4675: 4667: 4659: 4651: 4643: 4635: 4627: 4622:Max Valier Sat 4619: 4611: 4603: 4595: 4587: 4579: 4571: 4563: 4558:HXMT (Insight) 4555: 4550:Einstein Probe 4547: 4539: 4534:Chandra (AXAF) 4531: 4522: 4520: 4510: 4509: 4507: 4506: 4498: 4490: 4482: 4474: 4466: 4458: 4450: 4442: 4434: 4426: 4418: 4409: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4397: 4389: 4381: 4373: 4365: 4357: 4349: 4341: 4333: 4325: 4317: 4309: 4301: 4293: 4285: 4277: 4269: 4265:constellation 4260: 4252: 4243: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4231: 4223: 4215: 4207: 4198: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4178: 4170: 4162: 4154: 4146: 4137: 4135: 4126: 4122: 4121: 4116: 4114: 4113: 4106: 4099: 4091: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4062: 4061: 4060: 4047: 4046: 4045: 4039: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4014: 4013: 4012: 4007: 3992: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3983: 3982: 3977: 3971: 3966:Chirp signal ( 3964: 3961: 3959:speed of light 3955: 3950: 3945: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3932: 3930: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3908: 3906: 3902: 3901: 3898: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3870: 3869: 3868: 3860: 3857: 3848: 3846: 3842: 3841: 3839: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3815: 3805: 3800: 3795: 3790: 3785: 3780: 3774: 3772: 3765: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3757: 3751: 3746: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3733: 3731: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3709: 3707: 3701: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3673: 3671: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3663: 3657: 3655: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3635: 3634: 3632:LIGO-Australia 3628: 3626: 3625:Past proposals 3622: 3621: 3619: 3618: 3613: 3607: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3597: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3560: 3558: 3554: 3553: 3551: 3550: 3543:Advanced Virgo 3540: 3535: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3499: 3497: 3490: 3482: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3475: 3474: 3469:(downsized to 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449:(downsized to 3443: 3441: 3440:Past proposals 3437: 3436: 3434: 3433: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3382: 3372: 3361: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3331: 3320: 3318: 3311: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3290: 3285: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3270: 3268: 3267: 3260: 3253: 3245: 3239: 3238: 3224: 3205: 3191: 3177: 3161: 3160:External links 3158: 3156: 3155: 3123: 3109: 3106:on 2013-12-03. 3091: 3070: 3038: 3006: 2977: 2912: 2869:Gen. Rel. Grav 2856: 2811:(23): 231102. 2795: 2774: 2763:(9): 858–866. 2743: 2714: 2689: 2635: 2576: 2522: 2469: 2416: 2363: 2326:(12): 124016. 2309: 2285: 2224: 2183: 2114: 2087: 2048:(23): 231101. 2028: 1999: 1974: 1952: 1880: 1827: 1774: 1750: 1724: 1698: 1672: 1643: 1604: 1565: 1521: 1482: 1443: 1404: 1390: 1364: 1338: 1327:. 20 June 2017 1316: 1298: 1248: 1226: 1207: 1170:(12): 124016. 1153: 1127: 1097: 1071: 1049: 1023: 994: 962: 960: 957: 956: 955: 949: 943: 937: 929: 926: 893: 890: 840: 834: 826: 823: 814: 813:Memory effects 811: 805: 804:Exotic sources 802: 792:, first-order 781: 778: 773: 762: 748: 745: 735: 732: 723: 720: 710: 707: 686:Main article: 683: 680: 643: 640: 622: 619: 615:ZTF J1539+5027 594: 591: 583:cosmic strings 575:compact object 530:, such as the 528:binary pulsars 492: 489: 484:Lagrange point 472:Main article: 469: 466: 412: 409: 388: 385: 352: 349: 341:cosmic strings 295:speed of light 215: 214: 207: 206: 199: 196: 195: 192: 191: 188: 182: 181: 178: 172: 171: 168: 162: 161: 156: 152: 151: 147: 146: 143: 142: 139: 138: 133: 129: 128: 120: 116: 115: 110: 106: 105: 104:2035 (planned) 102: 98: 97: 93: 92: 89: 88: 85: 84: 73: 69: 68: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 47: 46: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8492: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8471: 8468: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8446: 8445:Cosmic Vision 8443: 8441: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8413: 8403: 8401: 8391: 8389: 8379: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8365: 8355: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8339: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8317: 8314: 8307: 8306:SpaceX Crew-9 8304: 8301: 8298: 8295: 8292: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8277: 8267: 8264: 8261: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8240:Europa Lander 8238: 8237: 8235: 8233: 8229: 8222: 8219: 8216: 8213: 8210: 8207: 8204: 8201: 8198: 8195: 8192: 8189: 8186: 8183: 8180: 8177: 8174: 8171: 8168: 8165: 8162: 8159: 8156: 8153: 8150: 8147: 8144: 8141: 8137: 8134: 8131: 8128: 8125: 8122: 8119: 8118:Solar-C EUVST 8116: 8113: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8101: 8098: 8095: 8092: 8089: 8086: 8083: 8080: 8077: 8074: 8071: 8068: 8065: 8064: 8062: 8060: 8056: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8041: 8038: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8021: 8019: 8017: 8013: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7992: 7989: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7971: 7968: 7966: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7953: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7945: 7941: 7934: 7931: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7917: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7877: 7874: 7871: 7868: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7834: 7830: 7827: 7824: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7802: 7798: 7791: 7790:SpainSat NG I 7788: 7785: 7782: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7734: 7731: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7711: 7708: 7704: 7693: 7690: 7687: 7684: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7670: 7667: 7664: 7661: 7660: 7658: 7654: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7632: 7629: 7626: 7623: 7620: 7617: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7603: 7600: 7597: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7585: 7578: 7575: 7572: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7564: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7551: 7542: 7537: 7535: 7530: 7528: 7523: 7522: 7519: 7507: 7499: 7497: 7496: 7491: 7487: 7485: 7484: 7475: 7473: 7472: 7463: 7462: 7461: 7455: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7420: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7364: 7361: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7341: 7339: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7290: 7288: 7282: 7275: 7274: 7270: 7267: 7264: 7261: 7258: 7255: 7252: 7249: 7246: 7243: 7240: 7237: 7234: 7231: 7228: 7225: 7222: 7221: 7219: 7216:demonstrators 7211: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7193: 7190: 7187: 7184: 7181: 7178: 7175: 7172: 7169: 7166: 7163: 7160: 7157: 7154: 7151: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7141: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7125: 7122: 7119: 7116: 7113: 7110: 7107: 7104: 7101: 7098: 7095: 7092: 7089: 7086: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7073: 7062: 7061: 7057: 7054: 7053: 7049: 7046: 7045: 7041: 7038: 7037: 7033: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7017: 7014: 7013: 7008: 7007: 7003: 7000: 6999: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6987: 6984: 6981: 6978: 6975: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6961: 6958: 6954: 6950: 6946: 6943: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6929: 6926: 6923: 6920: 6917: 6914: 6911: 6908: 6905: 6902: 6899: 6896: 6893: 6890: 6887: 6884: 6881: 6878: 6875: 6872: 6869: 6866: 6863: 6860: 6857: 6856: 6854: 6850: 6843: 6842: 6838: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6827: 6826: 6822: 6819: 6818: 6814: 6811: 6810: 6806: 6803: 6800: 6797: 6794: 6791: 6788: 6785: 6782: 6779: 6776: 6773: 6770: 6767: 6764: 6761: 6758: 6755: 6752: 6749: 6746: 6743: 6740: 6737: 6734: 6731: 6728: 6725: 6722: 6719: 6716: 6713: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6702:Astronomy and 6699: 6692: 6691: 6687: 6684: 6683: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6670: 6667: 6666: 6662: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6650: 6647: 6646: 6641: 6638: 6637:Venus Express 6635: 6632: 6628: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6616: 6613: 6610: 6607: 6604: 6601: 6600: 6598: 6594: 6587: 6586: 6582: 6579: 6578:Solar Orbiter 6576: 6573: 6570: 6567: 6564: 6561: 6558: 6555: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6547:Solar physics 6545: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6529: 6525: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6480: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6459: 6453: 6450: 6446: 6445:Cosmic Vision 6443: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6384: 6381: 6380: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6326: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6275: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6247: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6216: 6209: 6204: 6202: 6197: 6195: 6190: 6189: 6186: 6174: 6166: 6165: 6162: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6121: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6007: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5967: 5964: 5959: 5956: 5951: 5948: 5943: 5940: 5935: 5932: 5927: 5924: 5919: 5916: 5911: 5908: 5903: 5900: 5895: 5892: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5868: 5865: 5860: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5846: 5837: 5834: 5829: 5826: 5821: 5818: 5813: 5810: 5805: 5802: 5797: 5796:Taiyo (SRATS) 5794: 5789: 5786: 5781: 5778: 5773: 5770: 5765: 5762: 5757: 5754: 5749: 5746: 5741: 5738: 5733: 5730: 5725: 5722: 5717: 5714: 5709: 5706: 5701: 5698: 5693: 5690: 5685: 5682: 5677: 5674: 5669: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5623: 5622: 5619: 5614: 5611: 5606: 5603: 5598: 5595: 5590: 5587: 5582: 5579: 5574: 5571: 5566: 5563: 5558: 5555: 5550: 5547: 5542: 5539: 5534: 5531: 5526: 5523: 5518: 5515: 5510: 5507: 5502: 5499: 5494: 5491: 5486: 5483: 5478: 5475: 5470: 5467: 5462: 5459: 5454: 5451: 5446: 5443: 5438: 5435: 5430: 5427: 5422: 5419: 5414: 5411: 5406: 5403: 5398: 5395: 5390: 5387: 5382: 5379: 5374: 5371: 5366: 5363: 5358: 5355: 5350: 5347: 5342: 5339: 5334: 5331: 5326: 5323: 5318: 5315: 5310: 5307: 5302: 5299: 5294: 5291: 5286: 5283: 5278: 5275: 5270: 5267: 5262: 5259: 5254: 5251: 5246: 5243: 5237: 5233: 5230: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5205: 5202: 5197: 5194: 5189: 5186: 5181: 5178: 5173: 5170: 5165: 5162: 5157: 5154: 5149: 5146: 5141: 5138: 5133: 5130: 5125: 5122: 5117: 5114: 5109: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5099: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4956: 4947: 4944: 4939: 4936: 4931: 4928: 4923: 4920: 4915: 4912: 4907: 4904: 4899: 4896: 4891: 4888: 4883: 4882:Solar-C EUVST 4880: 4875: 4872: 4867: 4864: 4859: 4856: 4851: 4848: 4843: 4840: 4835: 4832: 4827: 4824: 4819: 4816: 4811: 4808: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4793: 4780: 4777: 4772: 4771:Solar Orbiter 4769: 4764: 4761: 4756: 4753: 4748: 4745: 4740: 4737: 4732: 4729: 4724: 4721: 4716: 4713: 4708: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4696: 4687: 4684: 4679: 4676: 4671: 4668: 4663: 4660: 4655: 4652: 4647: 4644: 4639: 4636: 4631: 4628: 4623: 4620: 4615: 4612: 4607: 4604: 4599: 4596: 4591: 4588: 4583: 4580: 4575: 4572: 4567: 4564: 4559: 4556: 4551: 4548: 4543: 4540: 4535: 4532: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4502: 4499: 4494: 4491: 4486: 4485:Solar Orbiter 4483: 4478: 4475: 4470: 4467: 4462: 4459: 4454: 4451: 4446: 4443: 4438: 4435: 4430: 4427: 4422: 4419: 4414: 4411: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4393: 4390: 4385: 4382: 4377: 4374: 4369: 4366: 4361: 4358: 4353: 4350: 4345: 4342: 4337: 4334: 4329: 4326: 4321: 4318: 4313: 4310: 4305: 4302: 4297: 4294: 4289: 4286: 4281: 4278: 4273: 4270: 4264: 4261: 4256: 4253: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4227: 4224: 4219: 4216: 4211: 4208: 4203: 4200: 4199: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4182: 4179: 4174: 4171: 4166: 4163: 4158: 4155: 4150: 4149:Solar Orbiter 4147: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4136: 4134: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4112: 4107: 4105: 4100: 4098: 4093: 4092: 4089: 4074: 4073:other unknown 4070: 4069:cosmic string 4066: 4065: 4063: 4058: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4030:Neutron stars 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3891: 3890:Binary pulsar 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3867: 3866: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3836: 3833: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3784: 3781: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3756:: Gravity Spy 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3744:Einstein@Home 3742: 3741: 3739: 3737:Data analysis 3735: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3649: 3643: 3633: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3623: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3596: 3593: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3580: 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3555: 3548: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3528:Advanced LIGO 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3489: 3483: 3472: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3444: 3442: 3438: 3432: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307:Resonant mass 3304: 3301: 3299: 3295: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3266: 3261: 3259: 3254: 3252: 3247: 3246: 3243: 3229: 3225: 3215:on 2010-07-21 3214: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3192: 3182: 3178: 3168: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3143: 3139: 3138: 3133: 3127: 3124: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3105: 3101: 3095: 3092: 3086: 3081: 3074: 3071: 3058: 3057:Gijs Nelemans 3051: 3045: 3043: 3039: 3026: 3019: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2992: 2988: 2981: 2978: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2932:(8): 084036. 2931: 2927: 2923: 2916: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2883: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2863: 2861: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2799: 2796: 2790: 2785: 2778: 2775: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2747: 2744: 2733:on 2019-08-11 2732: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2715: 2704: 2700: 2693: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2639: 2636: 2631: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2580: 2577: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2526: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2492:gr-qc/9701039 2488: 2484: 2480: 2473: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2420: 2417: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2379:(9): 094030. 2378: 2374: 2367: 2364: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2313: 2310: 2299: 2295: 2289: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2240:(6): 061102. 2239: 2235: 2228: 2225: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2187: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2118: 2115: 2102: 2098: 2091: 2088: 2083: 2079: 2074: 2069: 2064: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2032: 2029: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2003: 2000: 1988: 1984: 1978: 1975: 1962: 1956: 1953: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1900:(3): 031101. 1899: 1895: 1891: 1884: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1843:(1): 012024. 1842: 1838: 1831: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1790:(6): 065011. 1789: 1785: 1778: 1775: 1770: 1763: 1762: 1754: 1751: 1738: 1734: 1728: 1725: 1712: 1708: 1702: 1699: 1686: 1682: 1676: 1673: 1660: 1656: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1608: 1605: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1569: 1566: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1486: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1447: 1444: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1408: 1405: 1400: 1394: 1391: 1378: 1374: 1368: 1365: 1352: 1348: 1342: 1339: 1326: 1320: 1317: 1312: 1308: 1302: 1299: 1283: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1271: 1269: 1267: 1265: 1263: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1236: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1216: 1211: 1208: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1157: 1154: 1141: 1137: 1131: 1128: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1101: 1098: 1086:on 2011-03-03 1085: 1081: 1075: 1072: 1059: 1053: 1050: 1037: 1033: 1027: 1024: 1011: 1007: 1001: 999: 995: 982: 981: 976: 970: 968: 964: 958: 953: 950: 948:program – ESA 947: 946:Cosmic Vision 944: 941: 938: 935: 932: 931: 927: 925: 923: 918: 915: 910: 908: 904: 898: 891: 889: 887: 883: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 853: 843: 837: 831: 824: 822: 820: 812: 810: 803: 801: 799: 795: 791: 787: 779: 777: 772: 768: 761: 758: 754: 746: 744: 742: 733: 731: 729: 721: 719: 717: 708: 706: 704: 700: 696: 693:events up to 689: 681: 679: 677: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 641: 639: 637: 633: 628: 620: 618: 616: 612: 608: 604: 603:neutron stars 600: 592: 590: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 554: 552: 548: 543: 541: 537: 536:Advanced LIGO 533: 529: 525: 522:'s theory of 521: 517: 510: 506: 502: 501:Advanced LIGO 497: 491:Science goals 490: 488: 485: 481: 475: 467: 465: 462: 457: 455: 449: 447: 443: 439: 434: 430: 426: 417: 410: 408: 404: 402: 398: 394: 386: 384: 382: 378: 374: 369: 367: 357: 350: 348: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 307: 302: 300: 296: 292: 288: 283: 279: 275: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 248: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 211: 208:← 204: 203: 202:Cosmic Vision 197: 193: 189: 187: 183: 179: 177: 173: 169: 167: 163: 160: 157: 153: 148: 144: 140: 137: 134: 130: 127: 124: 121: 117: 114: 111: 107: 103: 99: 94: 90: 86: 82: 74: 70: 67: 64: 60: 56: 52: 48: 41: 36: 30: 19: 8400:Solar System 8294:Polaris Dawn 8255:Nano-JASMINE 8220: 8103: 8091:MBR Explorer 8034:NEO Surveyor 7665:(March 2026) 7493: 7482: 7469: 7459: 7368:Lunar Lander 7286:and proposed 7271: 7058: 7050: 7042: 7034: 7026: 7018: 7010: 7004: 6996: 6988: 6840: 6839: 6831: 6823: 6815: 6807: 6688: 6680: 6672: 6663: 6644: 6621:Mars Express 6583: 6461:Predecessors 6440:Horizon 2000 6021: 6004: 5848:Hibernating 5600:(2016–2019?) 5143:(1962, 1964) 5042:Nano-JASMINE 4945: 4866:NEO Surveyor 4782:(since 2006) 4774:(since 2020) 4766:(since 1995) 4758:(since 2019) 4750:(since 2017) 4742:(since 2008) 4734:(since 2015) 4726:(since 2015) 4718:(since 2011) 4710:(since 1997) 4689:(since 1999) 4681:(since 2024) 4673:(since 2023) 4665:(since 2022) 4657:(since 2012) 4649:(since 2017) 4641:(since 2018) 4633:(since 2009) 4625:(since 2017) 4617:(since 2004) 4609:(since 2024) 4601:(since 2019) 4593:(since 2021) 4585:(since 2020) 4577:(since 2008) 4569:(since 2002) 4561:(since 2017) 4553:(since 2024) 4545:(since 2015) 4537:(since 1999) 4529:(since 2015) 4504:(since 2004) 4496:(since 2006) 4488:(since 2020) 4480:(since 2008) 4472:(since 1995) 4464:(since 2010) 4456:(since 2013) 4448:(since 2006) 4440:(since 2021) 4432:(since 2015) 4424:(since 2022) 4416:(since 2023) 4395:(since 2018) 4387:(since 2004) 4379:(since 2008) 4371:(since 1995) 4363:(since 2010) 4355:(since 2001) 4347:(since 2013) 4339:(since 2006) 4331:(since 1990) 4323:(since 2005) 4315:(since 2013) 4307:(since 2021) 4299:(since 2023) 4291:(since 2015) 4283:(since 2019) 4275:(since 2021) 4267:(since 2013) 4258:(since 2015) 4250:(since 2018) 4229:(since 2009) 4221:(since 2008) 4213:(since 2001) 4205:(since 2022) 4184:(since 2024) 4176:(since 1994) 4168:(since 2018) 4160:(since 2006) 4152:(since 2020) 4144:(since 2018) 4072: 4056: 3957:Travel with 3943:Polarization 3862: 3764:Observations 3660: 3486:Ground-based 3231:. 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7262:(2015–2017) 7192:Galileo FOC 7186:Galileo IOV 7158:(1989–1993) 7097:Jules Verne 7078:spaceflight 6909:(2009–2013) 6897:(2003–2007) 6895:Double Star 6891:(2002–2012) 6879:(1995–2011) 6873:(1991–2000) 6867:(1977–1997) 6780:(2009–2013) 6774:(2009–2013) 6750:(1995–1998) 6732:(1989–1993) 6726:(1983–1986) 6720:(1978–1996) 6714:(1975–1982) 6652:BepiColombo 6639:(2005–2014) 6633:(2004–2016) 6617:(2003–2006) 6611:(1997–2005) 6605:(1985–1992) 6574:(2000–2024) 6562:(1990–2009) 6556:(1977–1987) 6489:Arianespace 5961:(2014–2015) 5913:(2012–2013) 5879:Lost/Failed 5870:(1998–2010) 5862:(1998–2005) 5839:(1991–2001) 5831:(2001–2010) 5815:(1970–1973) 5807:(1983–1985) 5799:(1975–1980) 5791:(2005–2015) 5783:(2003–2020) 5775:(2011–2019) 5767:(1979–1985) 5759:(1975–1979) 5751:(1972–1973) 5743:(1992–2004) 5735:(1995–2012) 5727:(1990–1999) 5719:(2002–2018) 5711:(1983–1984) 5703:(2009–2013) 5687:(2006–2016) 5616:(1972–1981) 5608:(1968–1973) 5592:(1996–1997) 5584:(2003–2019) 5576:(2015–2017) 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1383:15 November 1241:29 November 1064:12 November 1042:12 November 1016:12 November 914:Large class 882:ultraviolet 796:related to 703:inclination 607:black holes 547:black holes 461:Fabry–Pérot 438:phase shift 319:, known as 309:black holes 136:Arianespace 119:Launch site 101:Launch date 8434:Categories 8288:Türksat 6A 7922:SSC Demo-1 7918:(February) 7866:(February) 7792:(November) 7733:Blue Ghost 7680:Artemis IV 7631:Artemis II 7598:(February) 7573:(November) 7393:Phootprint 7373:Marco Polo 7214:Technology 7044:MetOp-SG-B 7036:MetOp-SG-A 7012:Sentinel-4 6983:ADM-Aeolus 6963:Sentinel-3 6945:Sentinel-2 6931:Sentinel-1 6859:Copernicus 6754:XMM-Newton 6572:Cluster II 6378:Copernicus 6349:Programmes 6277:Facilities 6227:Spaceports 5820:Vanguard 3 5132:Alouette 1 4977:AstroSat-2 4686:XMM-Newton 4202:James Webb 4067:Colliding 3996:Stochastic 3968:chirp mass 3863:Proposed: 3754:Zooniverse 3233:2010-08-13 3219:2010-08-13 3200:2013-05-22 3186:2010-08-13 3172:2013-11-13 3063:14 January 3031:14 January 2882:2001.09793 2818:1602.06951 2789:1812.04330 2737:2019-08-11 2708:2019-08-01 2652:(6): 027. 2303:2016-02-11 2247:1602.03837 2218:2016-02-11 2022:2016-04-06 1993:2016-02-12 1945:3 February 1907:1907.00104 1850:1703.09858 1551:1910.05414 1357:29 January 1291:14 January 1146:21 January 1120:21 January 987:25 January 959:References 863:, such as 648:chirp mass 551:picometres 387:Arm length 373:solar wind 132:Contractor 8364:Astronomy 8179:Spektr-UV 8173:SAOCOM-2B 8152:Tianwen-4 8124:Tianwen-3 8112:SAOCOM-2A 8073:Dragonfly 8067:Chang'e 8 7970:ispace M3 7961:Chang'e 7 7927:Tianwen-2 7849:Garatéa-L 7825:(January) 7780:(October) 7746:(October) 7686:Artemis V 7434:CryoSat-1 7408:STE-QUEST 7343:Eddington 7333:e.Deorbit 7284:Cancelled 7156:Olympus-1 6998:EarthCARE 6919:CryoSat-2 6768:(2006–13) 6744:(1992–93) 6730:Hipparcos 6704:cosmology 6023:Eddington 5978:Cancelled 5485:Hipparcos 4898:Spektr-UV 4755:Mini-EUSO 4747:ISS-CREAM 4598:Spektr-RG 4518:Gamma-ray 4413:Aditya-L1 4304:Hayabusa2 4181:Queqiao 2 4125:Operating 4053:Supernova 3948:Spin-flip 3574:TENKO-100 3451:MiniGRAIL 3415:Weber bar 3344:MiniGRAIL 3298:Detectors 3085:1305.5720 2964:0264-9381 2939:1003.3486 2907:210921122 2875:(8): 81. 2851:118612123 2684:119184947 2659:1201.0983 2603:1307.7276 2386:0901.1778 2333:1202.0839 2280:124959784 2213:182916902 1940:195766777 1875:119335855 1822:118356648 1797:1204.2125 1629:1201.3621 1590:1201.3621 1507:1201.3621 1468:1201.3621 1429:1201.3621 1177:1202.0839 855:), using 790:inflation 668:accretion 611:Milky Way 609:) in the 565:in other 559:Milky Way 436:relative 299:radiation 291:spacetime 233:spacetime 8290:(8 July) 8281:launched 8279:Recently 8209:LiteBIRD 8191:EnVision 8185:Spektr-M 8158:Venera-D 8001:ULTRASAT 7965:Rashid 2 7878:Series B 7876:MetOp-SG 7872:Series A 7870:MetOp-SG 7814:ESCAPADE 7778:Juventas 7755:GOSAT-GW 7706:Uncrewed 7621:(August) 7615:(Spring) 7495:Wikinews 7471:Category 7091:Columbus 7015:) (2024) 6825:ARRAKIHS 6778:Herschel 6760:INTEGRAL 6690:EnVision 6643:ExoMars 6499:EUMETSAT 6390:Columbus 6383:Sentinel 6263:Ariane 6 6258:Ariane 5 6074:Sentinel 5772:Spektr-R 5708:RELIKT-1 5549:Kristall 5437:Herschel 5261:BeppoSAX 5022:JEM-EUSO 5017:iWF-MAXI 4959:Proposed 4922:LiteBIRD 4914:Spektr-M 4638:MinXSS-2 4566:INTEGRAL 4429:Astrosat 4255:Astrosat 4194:Infrared 4055:or from 3973:Carried 3963:h strain 3953:Redshift 3927:Graviton 3835:GW200105 3829:GW190814 3823:GW190521 3818:GW190412 3808:GW170817 3803:GW170814 3798:GW170608 3793:GW170104 3788:GW151226 3723:NANOGrav 3670:Proposed 3604:Proposed 3564:TAMA 300 3467:Graviton 3424:Proposed 3365:EXPLORER 3324:NAUTILUS 3309:antennas 2972:28414218 2843:27341222 2630:55334359 2571:37683679 2517:33309772 2411:11275836 2358:54822413 2272:26918975 2178:28163640 2134:(1): 5. 2107:14 April 2082:27341221 1932:31386438 1616:GW Notes 1577:GW Notes 1494:GW Notes 1455:GW Notes 1416:GW Notes 1311:BBC News 1218:Archived 1202:54822413 928:See also 922:Ariane 6 886:infrared 877:NANOGrav 842:Figure 2 836:Figure 1 656:redshift 567:galaxies 520:Einstein 337:Big Bang 325:binaries 313:galaxies 254:and the 113:Ariane 6 62:Operator 8424:Science 8376:Physics 8338:Portals 8260:TEREX-1 8203:DAVINCI 8197:VERITAS 8187:(2030+) 8167:Luna 28 8146:Harmony 8085:Luna 27 8079:JASMINE 8029:Luna 26 7991:Xuntian 7935:(April) 7933:TRACERS 7912:SPHEREx 7864:LOXSAT1 7835:(April) 7833:SWFO-L1 7809:DESTINY 7784:PROBA-3 7760:GSAT-20 7722:Biomass 7694:(~2030) 7604:(March) 7483:Commons 7460:italics 7429:Cluster 7413:THESEUS 7398:SOLARIS 7273:PROBA-3 7266:OPS-SAT 7248:PROBA-V 7242:PROBA-2 7230:PROBA-1 7180:HYLAS-1 7174:GIOVE-B 7168:GIOVE-A 7162:Artemis 6990:Biomass 6889:Envisat 6828:(2030s) 6627:Rosetta 6615:SMART-1 6609:Huygens 6560:Ulysses 6540:Science 6415:ExoMars 6405:GALILEO 6395:CryoSat 6356:Artemis 6335:ESTRACK 6240:Esrange 6123:Related 6034:FINESSE 6012:Destiny 5995:Astro-G 5958:Tsubame 5950:Astro-E 5926:ABRIXAS 5780:Spitzer 5764:Solwind 5716:R/HESSI 5676:Orion 2 5668:Orion 1 5373:Kvant-1 5269:CHIPSat 5232:Astro-2 5212:Astro-1 5188:ASTERIA 5180:Ariel 6 5172:Ariel 5 5164:Ariel 4 5156:Ariel 3 5148:Ariel 2 5140:Ariel 1 5101:Retired 5092:THESEUS 5077:Solar-D 5072:PhoENiX 4917:(2030+) 4874:JASMINE 4842:Xuntian 4810:SPHEREx 4795:Planned 4344:NEOSSat 4239:Optical 4165:Queqiao 4075:sources 4059:sources 4057:unknown 3876:B-modes 3845:Methods 3810:(first 3687:TianQin 3654:Planned 3588:Planned 3405:GEOGRAV 3375:ALLEGRO 2944:Bibcode 2887:Bibcode 2823:Bibcode 2664:Bibcode 2608:Bibcode 2551:Bibcode 2497:Bibcode 2464:9338900 2444:Bibcode 2391:Bibcode 2338:Bibcode 2298:nsf.gov 2252:Bibcode 2169:5253800 2146:Bibcode 2050:Bibcode 1912:Bibcode 1855:Bibcode 1802:Bibcode 1634:Bibcode 1595:Bibcode 1512:Bibcode 1473:Bibcode 1434:Bibcode 1331:20 June 1182:Bibcode 892:History 658:around 524:gravity 306:massive 190:planned 72:Website 8223:(2035) 8217:(2035) 8215:Athena 8211:(2032) 8199:(2031) 8193:(2031) 8181:(2030) 8175:(2030) 8169:(2030) 8154:(2029) 8148:(2029) 8142:(2029) 8132:(2028) 8126:(2028) 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5695:(2018) 5692:PicSat 5684:PAMELA 5679:(1973) 5671:(1971) 5573:MinXSS 5541:Kepler 5504:(1983) 5496:(2024) 5477:HETE-2 5469:HEAO-3 5429:HEAO-1 5405:Granat 5349:EXOSAT 5344:(1961) 5336:(2010) 5328:(2008) 5320:(1993) 5309:CXBN-2 5245:Astron 5240:(1995) 5215:(1990) 5151:(1964) 5124:ALEXIS 5032:LUVOIR 4982:EXCEDE 4949:(2035) 4941:(2035) 4938:Athena 4933:(2033) 4925:(2032) 4909:(2030) 4901:(2030) 4893:(2029) 4885:(2028) 4877:(2028) 4869:(2027) 4861:(2027) 4853:(2027) 4845:(2026) 4837:(2026) 4829:(2026) 4821:(2026) 4818:K-EUSO 4813:(2025) 4805:(2025) 4802:PETREL 4779:STEREO 4715:AMS-02 4678:XPoSat 4654:NuSTAR 4493:STEREO 4437:Hibari 4328:Hubble 4320:HiRISE 4296:Euclid 4288:DSCOVR 4280:CHEOPS 4157:STEREO 4049:Burst 3975:energy 3905:Theory 3771:Events 3682:DECIGO 3523:GEO600 3496:Active 3400:ALTAIR 3334:AURIGA 3317:Active 2970: 2962: 2905: 2849: 2841: 2682: 2628: 2569: 2515: 2462: 2409: 2356: 2278: 2270: 2211: 2176: 2166: 2080: 1938: 1930: 1873: 1820: 1544:A113. 1200: 1142:. CERN 1060:. NASA 936:– NASA 873:GEO600 871:, and 676:quasar 605:, and 569:; and 210:ATHENA 180:1 year 176:Period 123:Kourou 109:Rocket 8352:Stars 8250:MOM 2 8245:Janus 8136:ARIEL 8106:rover 8059:2028+ 8024:FORUM 8006:VOICE 7996:PLATO 7975:LUPEX 7929:(May) 7916:PUNCH 7897:SMILE 7887:NISAR 7739:DISHA 7656:2026+ 7577:Fram2 7403:SPICA 7198:EGNOS 7060:FORUM 7052:SMILE 6925:Swarm 6901:MetOp 6877:ERS-2 6871:ERS-1 6817:ARIEL 6809:PLATO 6766:CoRoT 6712:Cos-B 6675:rover 6585:Vigil 6509:GEWEX 6452:Pride 6410:ELIPS 6400:EGNOS 6094:SPOrt 6089:SPICA 6069:OSO K 6064:OSO J 5918:OSO C 5902:CORSA 5894:OAO-B 5886:OAO-1 5867:TRACE 5812:Uhuru 5756:SAS-C 5748:SAS-B 5724:ROSAT 5661:OSO 8 5656:OSO 7 5651:OSO 6 5646:OSO 5 5641:OSO 4 5636:OSO 3 5631:OSO B 5626:OSO 1 5605:OAO-2 5557:LEGRI 5493:ILO-X 5389:Gamma 5381:GALEX 5333:EPOXI 5325:EPOCh 5293:Cos-B 5285:CoRoT 5220:BBXRT 5108:AGILE 5087:THEIA 5062:ORBIS 5012:ILO-1 4997:HabEx 4992:FOCAL 4967:Arcus 4930:Taiji 4890:ARIEL 4834:PLATO 4731:DAMPE 4723:CALET 4670:XRISM 4646:NICER 4614:Swift 4582:GECAM 4574:Fermi 4542:DAMPE 4526:CALET 4514:X-ray 4501:Swift 4477:SOLAR 4421:ASO-S 4384:Swift 4376:SOLAR 4272:CHASE 4263:BRITE 4218:SOLAR 3749:PyCBC 3538:KAGRA 3507:ACIGA 3462:SFERA 3447:GRAIL 3410:AGATA 3385:NIOBE 3080:arXiv 3053:(PDF) 3021:(PDF) 2968:S2CID 2934:arXiv 2903:S2CID 2877:arXiv 2847:S2CID 2813:arXiv 2784:arXiv 2680:S2CID 2654:arXiv 2626:S2CID 2598:arXiv 2567:S2CID 2541:arXiv 2513:S2CID 2487:arXiv 2460:S2CID 2434:arXiv 2407:S2CID 2381:arXiv 2354:S2CID 2328:arXiv 2276:S2CID 2242:arXiv 2209:S2CID 2136:arXiv 1936:S2CID 1902:arXiv 1871:S2CID 1845:arXiv 1818:S2CID 1792:arXiv 1765:(PDF) 1624:arXiv 1622:: 4. 1585:arXiv 1583:: 4. 1546:arXiv 1502:arXiv 1500:: 4. 1463:arXiv 1461:: 4. 1424:arXiv 1422:: 4. 1285:(PDF) 1237:. 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