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freeholders – a certain number from each county – to form the upper house, or
Council. Should the conflict with Great Britain last beyond 1776, and barring instructions to the contrary from the Continental Congress, the Constitution provided for the popular election of the Councilors. Together the Assembly and Council were responsible for running the government of the colony, including the appointment of all civil and military officers. The Constitution did not provide for a chief executive of any kind.
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to place the question on the ballot. A majority of qualified voters participating in an election is required to convene a convention. At the next election the delegates are elected by the people, or earlier as provided by the
General Court. A three-fifths vote of the number of delegates is required to send a proposed constitutional amendment to ratification (see below).
89:. It protects citizens against double jeopardy, unreasonable searches and seizures, and being required to quarter soldiers. In most cases, the state constitution affords more specific protections than the U.S. Constitution. Unlike the U.S. Constitution, New Hampshire's Bill of Rights has been amended regularly since its adoption.
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Unlike the U.S. Constitution, in which amendments are set out beneath the main body (and brackets or strike-through are sometimes used to show text in the main body that an amendment has made inoperative), amendments to the New
Hampshire constitution change the text in place. Although a law book with
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Articles 25–40, excluding 28 which was repealed in 1976, define the role and makeup of The Senate, the upper house of the
General Court. This section is similar to the section regarding the House of Representatives, with the largest difference that the Senate is the ultimate arbiter of all elections.
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for ratification. During the town meetings there were substantial proposed amendments that the
Constitution was redrafted by the Convention and resubmitted to town meetings in Fall 1782. The second draft of the 1782 Constitution was met with even more proposed amendments. A third draft was necessary
490:
A majority vote of both houses of the
General Court is required to place the following question on the ballot: "Shall there be a convention to amend or revise the constitution?" If such question has not been submitted to the people in ten years, the Secretary of State is required by Pt. II, Art. 100
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Articles 9–24 establish the authority and makeup of the House of
Representatives, the lower house of the General Court. This section of the Constitution establishes how representatives are elected, their responsibilities, and their privileges. These articles make clear that all state-level budgetary
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and sole right to sign or veto bills and resolutions passed by the
General Court and is charged with the "faithful execution of the laws". The Governor is elected to a two-year term at the November biennial elections, and must be 30 years old and have been a resident of the state for seven years at
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or maladministration, in office. The House of
Representatives is given the authority to impeach state officers, while the Senate hears, tries, and determines all impeachments made by the House. The articles also state the rules for the Senate's impeachment hearings and provide for the Chief Justice
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Article 15, Compensation of the
Legislature, fixes the pay for General Court members at $ 200 per term (two years) and $ 250 for the presiding officers. Legislators also receive mileage for "actual daily attendance on legislative days, but not after the legislature shall have been in session for 45
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The people of this state have the sole and exclusive right of governing themselves as a free, sovereign, and independent state; and do, and forever hereafter shall, exercise and enjoy every power, jurisdiction, and right, pertaining thereto, which is not, or may not hereafter be, by them expressly
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Although counties, cities, and towns in New Hampshire are legal constructs of the state, Article 28-a. was added in 1984 to stop the practice by which the state expanded their duties. It provides that any "new, expanded or modified programs or responsibilities" must either be "fully funded by the
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The Constitution established a legislature with two branches: a House of Representatives (or Assembly) and Council. The popularly elected convention which framed this Constitution was called a Congress, and it was to reconstitute itself as the House of Representatives. The House was to select 12
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Government being instituted for the common benefit, protection, and security, of the whole community, and not for the private interest or emolument of any one man, family, or class of men; therefore, whenever the ends of government are perverted, and public liberty manifestly endangered, and all
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The second half of Article 83, added in 1903, empowers the state to regulate economic activity. It declares a right to "free and fair competition in the trades and industries" and specifies that a goal of regulation is to "prevent...combination, conspiracy, monopoly, or any other unfair means."
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and voter qualification process for state and municipal ballot elections, which includes primaries. Polling and voter registration places are required to be "easily accessible to all persons" which specifically includes the disabled and elderly persons who are otherwise qualified to vote in the
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An amendment approved by either of the above methods is sent to the people at the next biennial November election. A two-thirds vote of the qualified voters participating in an election is required to ratify the amendment. If the amendment does not receive this vote, it does not take effect.
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On September 7, 1791, a constitutional convention began drafting 72 amendments to the 1784 Constitution be redrafted into a new whole document and submitted it to the people on February 8, 1792. The revisions of the 1784 Constitution submitted to the people became effective June 5, 1793.
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Article 71 details the responsibilities and powers of county level officials such as the county sheriffs, county attorneys, county treasurers, registrars of probate, and registrars of deeds. Article 72 details the selection of registrars of deeds, which usually is a countywide position.
150:. Persons convicted of "treason, bribery or any willful violation of the election laws of this state or of the United States" are excluded from voting in elections; which may be restored by the Supreme Court on notice to the Attorney General. The General Court is required to establish
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annotations describes amendments to the text, the actual amendment is not included in a presentation of the constitution; only the text as the amendment revised it. An amendment will sometimes add an article; for instance, an article following Article 12 will be called Article 12-a.
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Article 58 states, "the governor and council shall be compensated for their services, from time to time, by such grants as the general court shall think reasonable;" and Article 59 requires that "permanent and honorable salaries" be established by law, for the justices of the
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other means of redress are ineffectual, the people may, and of right ought to reform the old, or establish a new government. The doctrine of nonresistance against arbitrary power, and oppression, is absurd, slavish, and destructive of the good and happiness of mankind.
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before it was resubmitted and accepted in the town meetings "as is." In Spring 1783, a requisite number of town meetings ratified the third draft and it became effective June 2, 1784. On October 31, 1783, the constitution was established and the Convention adjourned
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New Hampshire has had seventeen constitutional conventions. They have proposed 64 amendments, of which the voters have ratified 26. On November 8, 2022, voters for the eighteenth time declined to call a constitutional convention, this time by a ratio of 66% to 34%.
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Before 1964, the only method for amending the constitution was by convention every seven years. The adoption of an amendment to Pt. II, Art. 100 allowed for either the General Court or Constitutional Convention to submit amendments to the people for adoption.
329:, the Governor has the authority to call the General Court into session when in recess, to adjourn it early, and dissolve the General Court as required for the welfare of the state. The Governor, with the advice of the Council, has the authority to
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The first half of Article 83 tasks future legislators to "cherish the interest of literature and the sciences, and all seminaries and public schools...." The text was amended in 1877 to clarify that state money could not go to religious schools.
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is often litigated. In 2002, the state supreme court dictated the districts. Article 11 was last amended in 2006 to provide that towns whose size entitles them to one representative will have their own representative, but to allow the use of
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except for "actual services...and never for more than one year at a time." Article 36–a was added in 1984 to clarify that the state retirement system is constitutional, and to earmark its funds to pay the benefits due retirees.
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era ended. The General Court has debated, but has never approved, a constitutional amendment that would align the right of education with the legislature's authority to appropriate funds and the desire for local control.
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Articles 84–101 (excluding Articles 97 and 99) regard the installment of appointed and elected state officials; and the method for the Constitution taking effect, it being enrolled, and methods for proposing amendments.
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applicable election. Non-payment of any tax is not a permitted exclusion from voting. Every inhabitant of the state, having the proper qualifications, has equal right to be elected into office.
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554:. The 1776 Constitution did not contain a Bill of Rights, nor was it submitted to the people of New Hampshire. The constitution was the first constitution ever ratified by an American
53:. Subsections of each part are known as articles. For example, the subsection dealing with free speech and liberty of the press is cited as "Part I, Article 22" or "Pt. I, Art. 22."
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On June 5, 1781, a constitutional convention was convened and began writing the state's new constitution. In the Spring of 1782, a draft of the constitution was sent to
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to serve office during the pleasure of the judge. Clerks are prohibited from acting as attorneys in the court of which they are a clerk and from drawing any
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to establish a civil government, and specified the manner and form that government would have. The Congress ratified the Constitution at the urging of the
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cases began an era in which the supreme court repeatedly found school–funding legislation unconstitutional. In 2009, the court found the original suit was
167:...if the taking is for the purpose of private development...." was ratified in 2006. It was one of many actions that various states took, in the wake of
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Articles 72-a.–81 dictate the rights and responsibilities of the Supreme and Superior Courts as well as other state sanctioned court officers.
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A three-fifths vote of each house of the General Court is required to send a proposed constitutional amendment to ratification (see below).
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Part II, Article 100 of the constitution provides for the following two methods of proposing amendments to the constitution:
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All persons have the right to keep and bear arms in defense of themselves, their families, their property and the state.
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Articles 67–70 discuss the duties and selection of the state's treasurer, secretaries and other such officials.
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In New Hampshire all elections are free and all inhabitants 18 or older are permitted to vote in their
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Part Second contains 101 articles that specify how state government functions. Article 1 established
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legislative days or after the first day of July following the annual assembly of the legislature."
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New Hampshire's constitution certifies the pro gun environment in the state. Article 2-a reads:
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Articles 60–66 discuss the selection, ejection and conduct of the five Executive Councilors.
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Articles 11 (formerly 10) and 11-a provide that representative districts are set by statute.
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Amendments are proposed both to make policy changes and to make clerical changes such as
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to preside over the impeachment hearings involving the Governor, but not have a vote.
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Article 82 gives judges of the courts (except probate) the sole authority to appoint
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Part First of the constitution is made up of 43 articles, codifying many of the same
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Basic law (Bill of Rights and Form of Government) of the U.S. state of New Hampshire
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313:(originally styled "President") is the supreme executive magistrate and is titled "
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as the official name of the sovereign and independent state, formerly known as the
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the previous year, to limit the uses of eminent domain permitted by that decision.
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Article 12-a., which states that "No part of a person's property shall be taken by
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Updyke, Frank A. "New Hampshire Constitutional Convention (in News and Notes)."
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state" or "approved for funding by a vote of the local legislative body...."
341:, and all officers of the navy, and general and field officers of the state
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In 1993, the New Hampshire supreme court agreed with school districts near
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Articles 41–59 define the roles and selection of the Executive Branch. The
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New Hampshire voters do not have the power to make or repeal laws through
128:" in their state constitutions. The Right of Revolution dates back to the
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that Article 83 made equal public education a state responsibility. The
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211:. The remainder of Part II is subdivided in the following sections:
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White, Leonard D. "The New Hampshire Constitutional Convention."
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delegated to the United States of America in congress assembled.
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spanning several towns or wards to achieve greater precision.
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New Hampshire has the ability to govern itself independently.
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On January 5, 1776, the Congress of New Hampshire voted in
317:". The Governor is given the sole authority to command the
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legislation must originate from the House, much like the
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New Hampshire is one of several states that codify a "
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Oaths and Subscriptions Exclusion From Offices, etc.
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526:, after having declared the constitution ratified.
280:Articles 38–40 describe how state officers may be
720:. Vol. 19, No. 4. (Feb., 1921), pp. 383–394.
713:. Vol. 7, No. 1. (Feb., 1913), pp. 133–137.
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142:Article 11. Elections and Elective Franchises.
45:The constitution is divided into two parts: a
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223:and its authority to establish courts, enact
219:Articles 2–8 establish the framework for the
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698:The Green Papers: State and Local Government
235:, gather funding, and use collected monies.
190:Article 36 barred the state from providing
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32:Constitution of the State of New Hampshire
2732:State constitutions of the United States
620:Grant, Daniel R.; Omdahl, Lloyd (1987).
410:Encouragement of Literature, Trade, etc.
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311:Governor of the State of New Hampshire
250:United States House of Representatives
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711:The American Political Science Review
623:State and Local Government in America
7:
2200:Atkinson and Gilmanton Academy Grant
675:"New Hampshire 2022 ballot measures"
650:The New Hampshire State Constitution
647:Friedman, Lawrence (16 March 2015).
333:offense not for impeachment; and to
2380:State constitutions (United States)
337:and appoint all judicial officers,
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692:New Hampshire State Constitution
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93:Article 2-a. The Bearing of Arms
2315:Thompson and Meserve's Purchase
177:Article 28-a. Unfunded mandates
120:Article 10. Right of Revolution
34:is the fundamental law of the
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319:New Hampshire National Guard
199:Part II – Form of Government
159:Article 12-a. Eminent domain
106:Article 7. State Sovereignty
653:. Oxford University Press.
299:New Hampshire Supreme Court
229:Government of New Hampshire
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365:Secretary, Treasurer, etc.
305:Executive Power – Governor
231:, provide for the State's
205:The State of New Hampshire
170:Kelo v. City of New London
67:United States Constitution
18:New Hampshire Constitution
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626:. Brown & Benchmark.
486:Constitutional Convention
209:province of New Hampshire
2681:Northern Mariana Islands
2339:New Hampshire portal
694:(Official state website)
422:in the first of several
246:British House of Commons
239:House of Representatives
2275:Low and Burbank's Grant
867:Old Man of the Mountain
325:With the advice of the
57:Part I – Bill of Rights
895:Dartmouth–Lake Sunapee
373:County Treasurer, etc.
322:the time of election.
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36:State of New Hampshire
2722:1784 in New Hampshire
2717:1784 in American law
2305:Second College Grant
596:Burling v. Chandler,
580:New Hampshire portal
552:Continental Congress
284:and be punished for
186:Article 36. Pensions
132:. Article 10 reads:
75:freedom of the press
40:constitution of 1776
2691:U.S. Virgin Islands
2300:Sargent's Purchase
2225:Crawford's Purchase
2220:Chandler's Purchase
879:Tourist attractions
718:Michigan Law Review
459:Method of Amendment
262:floterial districts
126:Right of Revolution
83:freedom of religion
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831:Secretary of State
703:2005-08-29 at the
87:right to bear arms
51:Form of Government
2727:New Hampshire law
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2280:Martin's Location
2255:Hadley's Purchase
2245:Erving's Location
2124:Waterville Valley
900:Great North Woods
826:Executive Council
660:978-0-19-024360-9
633:978-0-697-06802-6
542:1776 Constitution
469:gender neutrality
327:Executive Council
215:The General Court
130:Revolutionary War
16:(Redirected from
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2144:Westmoreland
2009:Stewartstown
1879:Peterborough
1689:Lyndeborough
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2424:Connecticut
2235:Dix's Grant
1999:Springfield
1934:Rollinsford
1804:New Ipswich
1794:New Hampton
1754:Mont Vernon
1704:Marlborough
1669:Londonderry
1534:Harrisville
1429:Francestown
1424:Fitzwilliam
1284:Clarksville
1259:Charlestown
1209:Bridgewater
1066:Somersworth
874:LGBT rights
852:Delegations
819:Officials (
294:malpractice
79:jury trials
71:free speech
2706:Categories
2624:Washington
2544:New Mexico
2539:New Jersey
2414:California
2285:Millsfield
2270:Livermore
2164:Winchester
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2119:Washington
2089:Tuftonboro
2034:Sugar Hill
1964:Sanbornton
1899:Plainfield
1894:Pittsfield
1849:Nottingham
1829:Northfield
1809:New London
1784:New Durham
1779:New Castle
1769:New Boston
1659:Litchfield
1614:Kensington
1574:Holderness
1499:Greenville
1489:Greenfield
1419:Farmington
1344:Dorchester
1279:Chichester
1244:Canterbury
1219:Brookfield
1174:Bennington
1149:Barrington
1099:Allenstown
1094:Alexandria
1056:Portsmouth
1046:Manchester
978:Rockingham
815:Government
598:148 NH 143
566:References
505:referendum
290:corruption
225:state laws
85:, and the
2634:Wisconsin
2599:Tennessee
2504:Minnesota
2479:Louisiana
2215:Cambridge
2193:Townships
2184:Woodstock
2179:Wolfeboro
2139:Wentworth
2099:Wakefield
2024:Stratford
2019:Strafford
1989:Shelburne
1959:Salisbury
1889:Pittsburg
1844:Northwood
1814:Newmarket
1799:Newington
1789:Newfields
1729:Middleton
1724:Merrimack
1664:Littleton
1624:Lancaster
1609:Jefferson
1589:Hopkinton
1544:Haverhill
1509:Hampstead
1494:Greenland
1464:Goffstown
1454:Gilmanton
1434:Franconia
1389:Ellsworth
1384:Effingham
1359:Dunbarton
1329:Deerfield
1289:Colebrook
1224:Brookline
1204:Brentwood
1184:Bethlehem
1144:Barnstead
1061:Rochester
1011:Claremont
983:Strafford
973:Merrimack
915:Monadnock
857:Elections
772:(capital)
439:Claremont
431:Claremont
425:Claremont
420:Claremont
282:impeached
2619:Virginia
2569:Oklahoma
2549:New York
2524:Nebraska
2514:Missouri
2499:Michigan
2489:Maryland
2474:Kentucky
2454:Illinois
2429:Delaware
2419:Colorado
2409:Arkansas
2265:Kilkenny
2240:Dixville
2074:Thornton
2064:Tamworth
2039:Sullivan
2029:Stratham
2014:Stoddard
1979:Seabrook
1974:Sandwich
1924:Richmond
1914:Randolph
1909:Plymouth
1904:Plaistow
1884:Piermont
1874:Pembroke
1719:Meredith
1644:Lempster
1619:Kingston
1584:Hooksett
1569:Hinsdale
1554:Henniker
1484:Grantham
1324:Danville
1294:Columbia
1199:Bradford
1189:Boscawen
1154:Bartlett
1134:Atkinson
1026:Franklin
988:Sullivan
953:Cheshire
935:Counties
920:Seacoast
821:Governor
805:Abortion
800:Politics
701:Archived
523:sine die
437:and the
335:nominate
248:and the
192:pensions
148:domicile
2639:Wyoming
2614:Vermont
2519:Montana
2459:Indiana
2439:Georgia
2434:Florida
2404:Arizona
2394:Alabama
2310:Success
2174:Windsor
2169:Windham
2134:Webster
2104:Walpole
2059:Swanzey
2044:Sunapee
1969:Sandown
1939:Roxbury
1919:Raymond
1864:Ossipee
1819:Newport
1774:Newbury
1739:Milford
1699:Madison
1694:Madbury
1649:Lincoln
1634:Langdon
1629:Landaff
1604:Jaffrey
1599:Jackson
1529:Hanover
1524:Hancock
1514:Hampton
1479:Grafton
1449:Gilford
1444:Fremont
1439:Freedom
1394:Enfield
1334:Deering
1319:Danbury
1309:Croydon
1304:Cornish
1269:Chester
1264:Chatham
1249:Carroll
1229:Campton
1214:Bristol
1169:Belmont
1164:Bedford
1129:Ashland
1119:Andover
1114:Amherst
1104:Alstead
1084:Acworth
1041:Lebanon
1036:Laconia
1016:Concord
963:Grafton
948:Carroll
943:Belknap
888:Regions
862:Symbols
790:History
769:Concord
511:History
357:Council
297:of the
286:bribery
2574:Oregon
2529:Nevada
2469:Kansas
2444:Hawaii
2399:Alaska
2387:States
2159:Wilton
2154:Wilmot
2114:Warren
2109:Warner
2079:Tilton
2069:Temple
2054:Sutton
1984:Sharon
1944:Rumney
1929:Rindge
1869:Pelham
1859:Orford
1854:Orange
1824:Newton
1764:Nelson
1749:Monroe
1744:Milton
1709:Marlow
1674:Loudon
1654:Lisbon
1594:Hudson
1579:Hollis
1549:Hebron
1504:Groton
1474:Goshen
1469:Gorham
1459:Gilsum
1414:Exeter
1399:Epping
1374:Easton
1364:Durham
1354:Dummer
1349:Dublin
1314:Dalton
1299:Conway
1239:Candia
1234:Canaan
1179:Benton
1139:Auburn
1124:Antrim
1089:Albany
1051:Nashua
1006:Berlin
998:Cities
795:People
778:Topics
657:
630:
548:Exeter
396:clerks
331:pardon
272:Senate
49:and a
2604:Texas
2484:Maine
2449:Idaho
2290:Odell
2129:Weare
2094:Unity
2049:Surry
2004:Stark
1954:Salem
1734:Milan
1714:Mason
1679:Lyman
1409:Errol
1404:Epsom
1379:Eaton
1339:Derry
1109:Alton
1076:Towns
1031:Keene
1021:Dover
785:Index
755:State
427:cases
2676:Guam
2609:Utah
2564:Ohio
2464:Iowa
2084:Troy
1684:Lyme
1559:Hill
1159:Bath
958:Coös
655:ISBN
628:ISBN
435:moot
400:writ
30:The
1949:Rye
1639:Lee
1194:Bow
757:of
2708::
558:.
471:.
406:.
353:.
345:.
292:,
288:,
252:.
81:,
77:,
73:,
42:.
2372:e
2365:t
2358:v
838:)
747:e
740:t
733:v
663:.
636:.
20:)
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