377:. Langlie won 80,149 to 48,563. The gravely ill Dore was relieved of his office by the city council on April 13, 1938 (and died five days later); Langlie began his term early. In the wake of Langlie's election, Governor Martin finally came to the city's financial aid, so Langlie expected to face a lesser fiscal crisis than his predecessor. This was, however, balanced or overbalanced by state Social Security Board administrator Charles F. Ernst cutting the relief rolls by 20%, removing over 12,000 Seattleites (and at least 8,000 elsewhere in King County) during one of the harshest periods of the Depression. In office, Langlie immediately overturned a rule that garbage collectors would be paid the
285:
laws". He hinted broadly that some of the pillars of the church who opposed gambling actually profited from it as landlords, and might not be pleased with zealous enforcement. When talked of the material difficulty of raiding gambling dens (which usually had effective routes of escape), the
Cincinnatans insisted on his accompanying them out of the hearing room to the openly operating Battersby and Smith's card room near First Avenue and Madison Street. Kirtley could hardly deny the evidence in front of his eyes: he ordered police to trash the establishment and to confiscate the money. None of the confiscated money ever made it to the police evidence room.
245:, which the NOOC opposed. Hamlie and Langlie were assigned to investigate the city's street railway system, which was in chronic financial trouble, and the police department. As they turned up substantial evidence of police corruption, it became clear that Powell would also be interested in proposals to reform the police. The council voted 5 to 4 for a budget that would cut 120 city jobs, mainly in the police and fire departments and public schools. Mayor Smith vetoed this, and his veto was sustained because Powell opposed the school cuts. The city budget was put on hold until September.
381:. This was the first of a series of Seattle wage cuts (and strikes), most won by employers including the city government. Over the next year, Langlie continued to fight against the power of labor in general and the Teamsters in particular and also revived the NOOC's fight against police corruption, but had to focus mainly on solving Seattle's financial crisis. Among his successes was the resolution of the longstanding crisis over the city's streetcar system: he obtained a US$ 10.2 million federal grant to pay off the debts and replace the entire system with a network of buses and
146:" as their anthem. This "proto-fascist" style was a matter of tension within the organization from the outset. NOOC councilman Frederick Hamley's diary indicates that he and his fellow councilman David Lockwood generally disliked this aspect of the group and focused mainly on local municipal issues. In February 1934 they and others defeated a proposal that the members of the organization should routinely stand and salute Potts when he entered the room.
91:, the NOOC was founded in September 1933 by approximately 10 young men including Seattle attorney Ralph Bushnell Potts. Potts, who Richard C. Berner describes as the "prime mover and first commander" of the NOOC, had resigned from the presidency of the Consolidated Republican Clubs of King County to start the group. The NOOC's idealistic, mostly middle-class professional supporters reacted against both
186:, and there is no official acknowledgment or a party or ticket. These three NOOC candidates in 1934 got around this by all listing "Cincinnatus" as their middle names on the ballot, which the election officials permitted. In this period, three of the nine Seattle City Council positions were up for election each year, with the top six candidates in the primary election going on to a general election.
103:-like devotion to honesty, efficiency, and ability in government." The group called for a reduction of 40% in Seattle city taxes, in a context where the city had already made large cuts: by the time the NOOC had a significant foothold on the city council, opposing councilman James Scavotto could argue that the city had already cut operating costs 50% in five years.
429:, seeking to root out the corruption of those on the Board. After offering enforcement and assistance to a group of rival candidates, the chapter was successful in deposing four of the bureaucrats on the Board and in placing one of their own candidates (Dewey Meade) on the Board. Its main long-term political effect was to bring Brown to prominence.
99:. They required the candidates they supported to disaffiliate from the established political parties and to limit campaign contributions to US$ 25. A May 1934 NOOC leaflet called for a "rebirth of political idealism among the younger citizens of America… he major political parties have become nothing but job-hunting cliques… Cincinnatus advocates a
294:
cuts were overturned in the spring elections, which did not go well for the NOOC. In a complicated mayoral election amidst shifting alliances, Langlie lost the general election to former mayor John Dore, whom Smith had bested in 1934. Although Dore in his previous term had responded to the onset of the
236:
Secure in the knowledge that they needed only one other council vote to override any mayoral veto, the three NOOC council members used these council positions to investigate corruption and to reduce city spending. Lockwood updated proposals he already had for a central purchasing office and a central
218:
president
Mildred Powell for the third seat. Originally the two NOOC candidates were to be Frederick Hamley and Leo Mortland, but the latter was a bit too enthusiastic in identifying as a Republican. When he gleefully announced his endorsement by the 36th District Republican Club, the NOOC decided he
201:
Carried away by their success in
Seattle and the interest in forming other chapters around the state, the NOOC contested the statewide November elections. Among their candidates were William J. Wilkins for U. S. Senate, Cecil R. Fuller for the 1st District congressional seat, and John W. Day for King
197:
Elected mayor at the same time
Lockwood joined the council was Charles William Smith. Smith and his police chief, W. B. Kirtley, undoubtedly tolerated Seattle's then-longstanding police corruption. Lockwood further accused Smith of profiting personally from this corruption and tied Smith's toleration
189:
The NOOC candidates were supported by the
Washington Taxpayers Council, as was conservative incumbent John E. Carroll. Of the Cincinnatans, only Lockwood made it through the primaries, but he gained office despite a complete lack of newspaper endorsements, coming in second in the general election. He
284:
In hearings, Chief W. B. Kirtley argued that the police were expending a great deal of effort dealing with numerous labor strikes and could hardly stand staff cuts. He acknowledged that the police made a "liberal construction" of city ordinances but said that he opposed "fanatical enforcement of the
226:
chose to campaign jointly, with the backing of the
Central Labor Council and the newly formed Washington Commonwealth Federation. They accused the NOOC of being a "secret organization" and intending to impose a "fascist dictatorship". Nonetheless, Langlie and Frederick Hamley led in the primaries,
293:
All of this was dramatic, but had few concrete results. A five-year term was established for the position of police chief. Token arrests were made in gambling and vice, but the wave soon passed. In
January 1936, 60 positions were cut from the department and three precinct stations closed, but the
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or the city's business community, who were in general happy with the collaborationist truce that had suspended
Seattle's long labor war, and who also saw this rhetoric as bad for the city's image in the eyes of the rest of the country. Courting their support, Langlie toned down this rhetoric and
306:
in particular. The all-round labor victory also returned David Levine to the city council. Dore announced, "This election means the end of fascist, semi-military organizations and of dictatorship in
Seattle." Conversely, it brought to power a labor-based political machine.
114:
constabulary, with no intermediate levels between the state and municipalities. This police force would consist entirely of men under age 40, trained by a State Police School, and enlisting for a military-style four-year term rather than being free to resign at any time.
233:. Langlie and Hamley came in as the top two in the general election. Powell was also elected. It was Levine's only defeat in a political career lasting more than three decades. Because of some resignations, Langlie and Hamley took office immediately after the election.
179:. They failed, but the attention gained encouraged them to run candidates for public office themselves. David Lockwood, Wellington Rhinehart, and Lloyd Johnson filed to run in the February 1934 primaries. Their total campaign budget was less than US$ 600.
276:
made it known that they were considering placing the entire city of
Seattle off limits for sailors on leave. Further condemnations of this state of affairs came from the Clean Government League, the Morals Committee of the Council of Churches, and the
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of corruption to his toleration of a growing budget deficit. Among the remedies he proposed were a fixed term for police chiefs, making the chief more independent of the mayor (and thereby separating the mayor from any system of police payoffs).
342:
re-focused on NOOC's tax-cutting agenda and the city's agenda. Meanwhile, he plotted with the Municipal League against Meyers: their intent was to disqualify Meyers by showing that he had not paid Seattle city taxes during his stint in
354:(CPUSA). In the primary Langlie won big and Dore lost big: Langlie garnered 51,175 votes, Meyers 27,436, Dore 21,480; an additional candidate, William Norton, took 10,457 votes, leaving Langlie to face Meyers in the general election.
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followed by the incumbents; the sixth candidate was the NOOC-endorsed Powell. This time, Langlie and Hamley gained the endorsements of all three major dailies. Of the incumbents, only Levine secured any such endorsement, from the
400:
By 1939 the NOOC had disbanded and Langlie formally identified as Republican. He easily won re-election as mayor in spring 1940, and, as the Republican candidate, won the state governorship in the November 1940 election.
1364:
1903-1988. At the Pacific Northwest Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections. Contains organizational papers and notes from Pott's time as a leader in the New Order of Cincinnatus.
750:, p. 329 indicates that those who "enlisted" before the age of 35 were allowed to remain members until they turned 40, and that there was eventually a notion of "auxiliary" status for older men and for women.
421:, in 1935. It completely lacked the Seattle chapter's militaristic tendencies, but shared its call for an end to "partisan bickering". It quickly gained over 500 members and established a headquarters on
317:, The chaotic election of 1938 saw Langlie faced off against an ailing Dore (who spent most of the campaign period in the hospital, with his son John, Jr. acting as campaign spokesman) and the flamboyant
134:". In early 1934, 50 Cincinnatans marched to city hall to file three candidate petitions for city council, all of them dressed in white shirts and green and yellow headpieces (the colors of Seattle's
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Lockwood lost his council seat in the 1937 elections. Langlie, meanwhile, set his sights again on the mayoralty. Amidst a city fiscal crisis and a complete lack of aid from the state government of
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and to repair recreational facilities. In short, he succeeded in running his fiscally conservative administration by obtaining funds from the liberal Democratic federal government.
346:(the state capital), but to hold back this attack until such time as it would be too late for another candidate of the same faction to enter the race. Dore attacked Meyers as well,
254:
attacked Mayor Smith for running a "wide open" city, for refusing to make cuts in the departments controlled by the mayor's office, for being associated with a corrupt police-based
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321:, a locally famous jazz musician and bandleader who had backed into politics as a joke candidate in 1932, but who after becoming increasingly serious about the matter had become
333:(CIO), opposed Dore from the left, Langlie from the right. Initially the main thrust of his campaign was an attack on the Dore/Beck alliance, which he accused of amounting to "
298:
by cutting many city jobs and reduced wages, he now promised a reversal of these policies. This and other promises gained him the backing of organized labor in general and
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804:, pp. 116–117, Lockwood came in sixth in the primary, just making the cut; the other Cincinnatus candidates were in two of the next four places, out of a field of 35.
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County Prosecutor. Running with great enthusiasm but very little budget, they did not elect anyone, but did have the best third-party results of any slate since the
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To bring about a renaissance in politics and to promote a Spartan-like devotion to honesty, cleanliness, efficiency, and economy in government.
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To eliminate waste in governmental machinery and to work for a substantial reduction in the tax burden the average taxpayer is forced to bear.
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organization. By December 1933, Potts had built the NOOC into an organization with 17 divisions in Washington State each headed by a "
281:, which published detailed exposés of the "Chinese Gambling Syndicate" and the police's policy of closing down only the "small fry".
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in Europe led to a rise in defense production, from which Seattle benefitted greatly. He also obtained federal funding to build the
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821:, p. 117 says he came in first and had the second-highest vote total recorded up to that time by any councilmanic candidate.
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was no longer their candidate and replaced him with Arthur Langlie (although Langlie was never an official member of the NOOC).
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708:, pp. 114–116; Potts gives a detailed account of discussions beginning in August leading to formal founding in September.
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The NOOC restricted its membership to men ages 21 to 35, and was organized along military lines to the point of resembling a
55:. Lockwood, age 26 at the time of his election, was the youngest person ever to sit on the council. In 1938, Langlie became
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In the 1935 election, the NOOC ran only two candidates for the three available city council seats, endorsing former
250:
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59:, but by then the NOOC was fading. During its brief existence, the group spread beyond Seattle, and was active in
657:, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections. Accessed online 9 August 2008. Cites for San Francisco.
56:
955:
Peterson, Lorin & Davenport, Noah C. (1950), Living in Seattle, Seattle: Seattle Public Schools, p. 145-146.
1197:
Lorin Peterson & Noah C. Davenport (1950), Living in Seattle, Seattle: Seattle Public Schools, p.146–147
645:, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections. Accessed online 9 August 2008. Cites for Portland.
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633:, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections. Accessed online 9 August 2008. Cites for Tacoma.
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In addition to Seattle and San Francisco, among the towns and cities that had Cincinnatus chapters were
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425:. The San Francisco chapter soon launched an effort towards the ousting of incumbent members on the
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parties, electing David Lockwood (in 1934) and Frederick G. Hamley, a lawyer, public official and
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To modernize state, county, and local government and to eliminate all duplicating phases thereof.
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841:, Port of Seattle, April 5, 2005, p. 13 (page 15 of the PDF). Accessed online 25 July 2008.
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A resounding, unsolicited Communist endorsement for Meyers in the general election as the "
258:, and for a recent upsurge in illegal gambling, prostitution, and Sunday liquor sales. The
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838:
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139:
96:
1277:, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections. Accessed online 9 August 2008.
1178:"Interurban Rail Transit in King County and the Puget Sound Region – A Snapshot History"
1329:
Potts, Ralph Bushnell (1955). "Seattle Heritage". Seattle: Superior Publishing Company.
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Schiesl, Martin. "Pat Brown: The Making of a Reformer". California State University.
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Frederick G. Hamley Papers, University of Washington Library, Box 18-1, quoted in
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NOOC formed in September 1933. The next month they demanded the resignation of
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BOLA Architecture + Planning & Northwest Archaeological Associates, Inc.,
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Commissioner John C. Stevenson (born John C. Stockman). Stevenson had avoided
107:
1321:
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299:
604:, Seattle City Archives, accessed 9 August 2009, says "David E. Lockwood".
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Port of Seattle North Bay Project DEIS: Historic and Cultural Resources
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Ralph B. Potts, Political Reformer, Attorney And Promoter Of The Arts
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According to Ralph Potts writing in 1955, Cincinnatus' platform was:
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To clean out graft, corruption, and hypocrisy in our public offices.
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fraud; the NOOC further accused him of mismanagement of the county
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918:
Seattle City Council Members, 1869-Present Chronological Listing
602:
Seattle City Council Members, 1869-Present Chronological Listing
531:, HistoryLink, January 11, 2004. Accessed online 9 August 2008.
35:
reform group" was a municipal party that challenged both the
675:, HistoryLink, March 5, 2002. Accessed online 9 August 2008.
27:) was a young men's political organization established in
1306:. Seattle in the 20th Century. Seattle: Charles Press.
1036:, Seattle City Archives. Accessed online 9 August 2008.
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garage; he also framed a response to municipally owned
337:". This "'racket' talk" did not go over well with the
241:'s proposal to buy out the Seattle operations of the
569:"Guide to the Frederick G. Hamley Papers 1933-1963"
16:
1930s political organization in Seattle, Washington
1252:California Rising: The Life and Times of Pat Brown
631:Preliminary Guide to the Russell O. Vognild Papers
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655:Preliminary Guide to the George McLaughlin Papers
621:, April 19, 1991. Accessed online 9 August 2008.
600:. p. 209–210. Jones says "George Lockwood", but
31:in the 1930s. The short-lived "conservative and
1408:Conservative organizations in the United States
194:, which had led to lethal violence in Seattle.
1275:Preliminary Guide to the Corbett McLean Papers
929:"David Levine, former city councilman, dies",
643:Preliminary Guide to the Corbett McLean Papers
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1393:1939 disestablishments in Washington (state)
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385:. He had the good fortune that the start of
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182:Seattle City Council offices are officially
106:The NOOC also advocated a vastly increased
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1304:Seattle 1921-1940: From Boom to Bust
1093:, Garden City, New York: Doubleday.
592:, Garden City, New York: Doubleday.
331:Congress of Industrial Organizations
413:chapter of the NOOC was founded by
243:Puget Sound Power and Light Company
1369:only, no content available online)
1254:, University of California Press,
427:San Francisco Board of Supervisors
371:Washington Commonwealth Federation
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920:. Accessed online 9 August 2008.
673:Depression, The Great, 1929-1939
190:took office in June amidst the
529:Langlie, Arthur B. (1900-1966)
361:candidate" running against a "
262:was not alone in these views:
1:
1034:Mayors of the City of Seattle
373:(WCF) looking like communist
279:Philippine-American Chronicle
1362:Ralph Bushnell Potts Papers.
126:"; statewide officers were "
1302:Berner, Richard C. (1992).
1176:Walt Crowley (2000-09-19).
1424:
944:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
325:. Meyers, allied with the
251:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
171:, where he was wanted for
469:, all in Washington; and
405:The San Francisco chapter
21:New Order of Cincinnatus
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192:Maritime Strike of 1934
1342:Cite journal requires
1232:Cite journal requires
933:, May 9, 1972, p. C15.
419:Governor of California
383:trackless trolleybuses
1383:Government of Seattle
1250:Ethan Rarick (2005),
813:That is according to
477:Cincinnatus' platform
136:Roosevelt High School
87:farmer and statesman
395:West Seattle Viaduct
327:industrial unionists
93:political corruption
53:Seattle City Council
1089:Nard Jones (1972),
588:Nard Jones (1972),
417:, later Democratic
323:lieutenant governor
29:Seattle, Washington
1289:, pp. 114–115
1080:, pp. 401–402
1065:, pp. 398–399
1021:, pp. 354–355
979:, pp. 351–352
967:, pp. 350–351
889:, pp. 120–121
865:, pp. 349–350
853:, pp. 333–348
837:2011-07-23 at the
367:Franklin Roosevelt
315:Clarence D. Martin
274:United States Navy
239:Seattle City Light
150:History in Seattle
75:The nature of NOOC
61:Tacoma, Washington
1180:. HistoryLink.org
256:political machine
144:Stout Hearted Men
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335:racketeering
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1367:Finding aid
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1063:Berner 1992
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851:Berner 1992
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777:Berner 1992
748:Berner 1992
736:Berner 1992
719:Berner 1992
694:Berner 1992
556:Berner 1992
363:reactionary
348:red-baiting
184:nonpartisan
165:extradition
161:King County
89:Cincinnatus
1377:Categories
1296:References
1287:Potts 1955
1207:Potts 1955
1184:2007-09-29
887:Potts 1955
875:Potts 1955
819:Potts 1955
802:Potts 1955
789:Potts 1955
765:Potts 1955
706:Potts 1955
439:Bellingham
319:Vic Meyers
270:Hiram Gill
41:Republican
37:Democratic
33:moralistic
574:16 August
467:Wenatchee
443:Bremerton
415:Pat Brown
300:Dave Beck
265:The Argus
206:in 1912.
1322:26133085
1264:et. seq.
1262:, p. 22
835:Archived
455:Kirkland
447:Chehalis
359:New Deal
312:Governor
272:and the
169:New York
132:colonels
1091:Seattle
590:Seattle
459:Spokane
451:Everett
344:Olympia
302:of the
130:" and "
124:captain
120:fascist
110:-level
101:Spartan
1320:
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1258:
1097:
596:
465:, and
463:Tacoma
375:fronts
177:relief
128:majors
112:police
67:, and
47:, and
499:Notes
339:Argus
173:stock
108:state
85:Roman
45:judge
1348:help
1318:OCLC
1308:ISBN
1256:ISBN
1238:help
1095:ISBN
594:ISBN
576:2008
409:The
393:and
210:1935
155:1934
142:'s "
95:and
39:and
25:NOOC
19:The
260:P-I
216:PTA
167:to
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