433:), while historian Paul David Nelson claims Kohn's thesis is circumstantial and poorly supported by primary materials. A letter written by General Gates in June 1783 illustrates the disagreement: in the letter Gates writes that the purpose of the events was to pressure Congress. Kohn argues that Gates is writing after the fact to cover his tracks, while Nelson claims Gates is giving a candid account of the affair. Historian C. Edward Skeen writes that Kohn's case is weak because it relies heavily on interpretation of written statements and is not well supported by the actions of the alleged conspirators. He notes, for example, that there is ample evidence suggesting mutinous sentiments were not obviously circulating in the Newburgh camp between the arrivals of Brooks and Stewart; Kohn counters that the relative quiet in camp masked significant undercurrents of unhappiness.
372:
Orders of the day announced the end of hostilities against Great
Britain. Congress thereafter ordered him to disband the army, since everyone agreed that a large army of 10,000 men was no longer needed, and the men were eager to go home. Congress gave each soldier three months pay, but since they had no funds Robert Morris issued $ 800,000 in personal notes to the soldiers. Many soldiers sold these notes to speculators, some even before they left camp, in order to be able to make their way home. Over the next several months, much of the Continental Army was furloughed, although many of the rank and file realized it was effectively a disbandment. The army was formally disbanded in November 1783, leaving only a small force at West Point and several scattered frontier outposts.
252:) to General Knox suggesting that the army might have to mutiny by refusing to disband until it was paid. He specifically told Knox to not make any direct steps, but that he should "not lose a moment preparing for events." Historian Richard Kohn is of the opinion that the purpose of these communications was not to foment a coup or military action against Congress or the states, but to use the specter of a recalcitrant army's refusal to disband as a political weapon against the antinationalists. The nationalists were also aware of a significant cadre of lower-level officers who were unhappy with General Washington's leadership and had gravitated to the camp of Major General
260:
340:
collapsed as he read the letter. He then left the room, and
General Knox and others offered resolutions reaffirming their loyalty. Knox and Colonel Brooks were then appointed to a committee to draft a suitable resolution. Approved by virtually the entire assembly, the resolution expressed "unshaken confidence" in Congress, and "disdain" and "abhorrence" for the irregular proposals published earlier in the week. Historian Richard Kohn believes the entire meeting was carefully stage-managed by Washington, Knox, and their supporters. The only voice raised in opposition was that of Colonel
317:
the senior officer present, and
Washington requested a report of the meeting, implying that he would not attend. On the morning of the 12th a second unsigned letter appeared, claiming Washington's agreement to a meeting as an endorsement of the conspirators' position. Washington, who had initially thought the first letter to be the work of individuals outside the camp (specifically citing Gouverneur Morris as a likely candidate), was compelled to admit this unlikely given the speed at which the second letter appeared.
361:
219:
331:, counseling patience. His message was that they should oppose anyone "who wickedly attempts to open the floodgates of civil discord and deluge our rising empire in blood." He then produced a letter from a member of Congress to read to the officers. He gazed upon it and fumbled with it without speaking. He then took a pair of reading glasses from his pocket, which were new; few of the men had seen him wear them. He then said:
29:
2951:
246:
raise tensions began to take shape. Four days later, Colonel Brooks was dispatched back to
Newburgh with instructions to gain the army leadership's agreement with the proposed nationalist plan. The army leadership was also urged by Gouverneur Morris to use its influence with state legislatures to secure their approval for needed changes. On February 12, McDougall sent a letter (signed with the pseudonym
134:
357:, one of the committee members, and he proposed approval of a lump sum payment on March 20. The final agreement was for a five years' full pay instead of the lifetime half pay pension scheme originally promised. They received government bonds which at the time were highly speculative, but were in fact redeemed 100 cents on the dollar (i.e., at full value) by the new government in 1790.
309:
242:
the general painted a stark picture of the discontent at
Newburgh; Colonel Brooks opined that "a disappointment might throw into blind extremities." When Congress met on January 22 to debate the committee's report, Robert Morris shocked the body by tendering his resignation, heightening tension. The Congressional leadership immediately moved to keep Morris's resignation secret.
324:. After Gates opened the meeting, Washington entered the building to everyone's surprise. He asked to speak to the officers, and the stunned Gates relinquished the floor. Washington could tell by the faces of his officers, who had not been paid for quite some time, that they were quite angry and did not show the respect or deference as they had toward Washington in the past.
2286:
293:
returning to duty after recovering from an illness) and would not necessarily draw notice. Although his movements at camp are not known in detail, it appears likely that he met with
General Gates not long after his arrival. Within hours rumors began flying around the Newburgh camp that the army would refuse to disband until its demands were met.
439:, who served on Washington's staff during the affair, wrote in 1825, "I have ever considered that the United States are indebted for their republican form of government solely to the firm and determined republicanism of George Washington at this time." Skeen notes that the event has served to significantly burnish Washington's reputation.
407:, so that he would not be compelled to serve in the British forces. The application was rejected in 1834 due to Grant being an escaped slave and a waggoner, rather than a regular soldier. However, many freed slaves and slaves who enlisted with their owners' permission were granted pensions such as in the case of
451:
demands to promote a stronger national government. If Head discounts the conspiracy of legend, he makes clear that the disputes over officers’ pay and pensions threatened the legitimacy of the
Confederation Congress and the balance of state and federal power, and that Washington sought to protect both. "
283:
for which they had all been fighting. It was unclear to the
Congressional nationalists whether Knox, who had been a regular supporter of army protests to Congress, would play a role in any sort of staged action. In letters written February 21, Knox unambiguously indicated he would play no such part,
91:
The motivations of numerous actors in these events are debated. Most historians say that the plot was led by civilians. Their goal was forcing
Congress to make good on its long-standing promises to the soldiers. Some historians allege that serious consideration was given within the army to some sort
83:
stopped any serious talk of rebellion when he made an emotional address to his officers asking them to support the supremacy of
Congress. Not long afterward, Congress approved a compromise agreement that it had previously rejected: it funded some of the pay arrears, and granted soldiers five years of
339:
This caused the men to realize that Washington had sacrificed a great deal for the Revolution, just as much as any of them. These, of course, were his fellow officers, most having worked closely with him for several years. Many of those present were moved to tears, and with this act, the conspiracy
316:
Washington reacted with dispatch. On the morning of the 11th in his general orders he objected to the "disorderly" and "irregular" nature of the anonymously called meeting, and announced that there would be a meeting of officers on the 15th instead. This meeting, he said, would be presided over by
245:
Debate on a funding scheme turned in part on the issue of the pension. Twice the nationalists urged the body to adopt a commuted pension scheme (one that would end after a fixed time, rather than lifetime), but it was rejected both times. After the second rejection on February 4, a plan to further
426:
Historian Richard Kohn writes that a number of key details about the individuals and their motivations are not known, and probably never will be. For example, it is unclear exactly how much Colonels Brooks and Stewart, the principal messengers in the affair, knew. The intent of the Gates group has
371:
The soldiers continued to grumble, with the unrest spreading to the noncommissioned officers (sergeants and corporals). Riots occurred and mutiny threatened. Washington rejected suggestions that the army stay in operation until the states found the money for the pay. On April 19, 1783, his General
292:
arrived at Newburgh. Stewart was known to Robert Morris; the two had previous dealings when Stewart proposed coordinating activities of private creditors of the government, and he was aware of the poor state of affairs in Philadelphia. His movement to Newburgh had been ordered by Washington (he was
287:
On February 25 and 26 there was a flurry of activity in Philadelphia, which may have been occasioned by the arrival of Knox's letters. The nationalists had had little success in advancing their program through Congress, and continued to use rhetoric repeating concerns over the army's stability. On
241:
On January 6 Congress established a committee to address the army's memo. It first met with Robert Morris, who stated that there were no funds to meet the army's demands, and that loans for government operations would require evidence of a revenue stream. When it met with McDougall on January 13,
352:
General Washington had sent copies of the anonymous addresses to Congress. This "alarming intelligence" (as James Madison termed it) arrived while Congress was debating the pension issues. Nationalist leaders orchestrated the creation of a committee to respond to the news, which was deliberately
237:
The army delegation first met with Robert Morris and other nationalists. The politicians convinced McDougall that it was imperative for the army to remain cooperative while they sought funding. The hope they expressed was to tie the army's demands to those of the government's other creditors to
450:
casts doubt on the existence of any conspiracy, at least in the sense of an organized challenge to Washington’s command of the army. Head believes the appearance of conspiracy was the product of gossip and private conversations among officers and members of Congress intent on using the officers’
274:
The arrival on February 13 of rumors that a preliminary peace agreement had been reached in Paris heightened the sense of urgency among the nationalists. Alexander Hamilton wrote a letter to General Washington the same day, essentially warning him of the possibility of impending unrest among the
169:
in late December 1782. It expressed unhappiness over pay that was months in arrears, and concern over the possibility that the half pay pension would not be forthcoming. In the memo, they offered to accept a lump sum payment instead of the lifetime half pay pension. It also contained the vague
148:
had in early 1782 stopped army pay as a cost-saving measure, arguing that when the war finally ended the arrears would be made up. Throughout 1782 these issues were a regular topic of debate in Congress and in the army camp at Newburgh, and numerous memos and petitions by individual soldiers had
279:" of the army's anger. Washington responded that he sympathized both with the plight of his officers and men and with those in Congress, but that he would not use the army to threaten the civil government. Washington believed such a course of action would violate the principles of
305:, aide to General Gates, the letter decried the army's condition and the lack of Congressional support, and called upon the army to send Congress an ultimatum. Published at the same time was an anonymous call for a meeting of all field officers for 11 a.m. the next day.
194:
was decisively defeated by the states in November 1782, and some states had enacted legislation forbidding their representatives from supporting any sort of lifetime pension. Members of the "nationalist" faction in Congress who had supported the tax proposal (including
375:
Discontent related to pay had resurfaced in Philadelphia in June 1783. Due in part to a critical miscommunication, troops in eastern Pennsylvania were led to believe that they would be discharged even before Morris' promissory notes would be distributed, and they
185:
Congress was bitterly divided on the subject of finance, with Rhode Island preventing action. The treasury was empty, and Congress lacked the power to compel the states to provide the necessary funds for meeting its obligations. An attempt to amend the
211:) believed that the army funding issues could be used as a lever to gain for Congress the ability to raise its own revenue. They took action and Kohn identifies three main leaders of the "conspiracy": Hamilton, Robert Morris, and Gouverneur Morris.
4223:
1996:
156:
and drafted a memorandum to Congress. Signed by enough general officers that it could not be readily dismissed as the work of a few malcontents, the memo was delivered to Congress by a delegation consisting of General
6176:
4090:
1772:
2988:
3849:
6312:
5004:
3839:
1913:
1464:
4065:
2339:
2036:
427:
been the subject of some debate: Kohn argues that they were intent on organizing some form of direct action (although he disclaims the idea that this would necessarily take the form of a traditional
388:. There is circumstantial evidence that several participants in the Newburgh affair (notably Walter Stewart, John Armstrong, and Gouverneur Morris) may have played a role in this uprising as well.
810:
There was something so natural, so unaffected, in this appeal, as rendered it superior to the most studied oratory; it forced its way to the heart, and you might see sensibility moisten every eye.
414:
The main long-term result of the Newburgh affair was a strong reaffirmation of the principle of civilian control of the military, and banishing any possibility of a coup as outside the realm of
2465:
2381:
2280:
4688:
6181:
2981:
1596:
2433:
2349:
5934:
5249:
2366:
1888:
1493:
6332:
5599:
4279:
3819:
2974:
2450:
126:, monitored British-occupied New York City. With the end of the war and dissolution of the Continental Army approaching, soldiers who had long been unpaid feared that the
6066:
5009:
4999:
3879:
2243:
6146:
5014:
2215:
3445:
2416:
2204:
3381:
2006:
1701:
98:, while others dispute the notion. The exact motivations of congressmen involved in communications with army officers implicated in the events are similarly debated.
5518:
5024:
2745:
2505:
2344:
2329:
4049:
6136:
2376:
2361:
1959:
1422:
2673:
2535:
1390:
1380:
1306:
4246:
1693:
1449:
1367:
6171:
6095:
5584:
5523:
2401:
2319:
1728:
1338:
6126:
5832:
5035:
4380:
3917:
2490:
2165:
321:
33:
5924:
1678:
256:, a longtime Washington rival. These officers, Kohn believes, could be used by the nationalists to stage something that resembled a coup if necessary.
71:
The letter suggested that they should take unspecified action against Congress to resolve the issue. The letter was said to have been written by Major
170:
threat that "any further experiments on their patience may have fatal effects." The seriousness of the situation was also communicated to Congress by
6000:
5407:
5392:
4708:
4631:
3834:
2354:
2334:
1673:
6317:
6166:
4918:
4345:
4272:
2522:
2102:
1811:
1723:
1718:
3854:
3814:
68:, on March 10, 1783. Soldiers were unhappy that they had not been paid for some time and that pensions that had been promised remained unfunded.
5711:
5402:
5397:
3884:
3844:
2876:
1893:
1755:
1706:
1358:
4758:
1853:
6131:
5914:
5589:
4979:
3869:
3621:
3200:
2443:
2097:
2082:
6090:
5382:
4637:
4330:
4044:
4039:
2653:
2626:
1638:
973:
939:
782:
344:, who criticized members of the assembly for hypocritically condemning the anonymous addresses that only days before they had been praising.
6246:
5609:
4596:
3824:
3438:
2291:
2229:
2157:
2087:
1923:
1663:
1417:
1405:
2835:
2799:
6302:
6241:
6121:
5944:
5412:
5387:
5367:
4265:
3940:
2740:
2730:
2021:
5438:
6327:
6216:
5604:
5579:
5513:
5362:
4945:
4902:
4693:
4355:
4340:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
2678:
2631:
2616:
2406:
2396:
2236:
1984:
1848:
415:
280:
3859:
6342:
6268:
6012:
5163:
3763:
2611:
1711:
1234:
1110:
866:
335:
Gentlemen, you will permit me to put on my spectacles, for I have not only grown gray but almost blind in the service of my country.
5919:
6236:
6186:
6156:
6141:
5995:
5641:
5103:
5043:
4984:
3631:
3160:
3084:
3074:
2853:
2510:
2386:
1979:
1745:
1488:
248:
6251:
5558:
5548:
5538:
4335:
3431:
2324:
2152:
1989:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1688:
1331:
144:
Congress had, in 1780, promised Continental officers a lifetime pension of half their pay when they were discharged. Financier
2438:
6151:
5239:
5203:
4940:
4464:
4144:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
3948:
3910:
3236:
3231:
3094:
2775:
2708:
2527:
2470:
2314:
2147:
1760:
1750:
1613:
1361:
1261:
400:
301:
On the morning of March 10 an unsigned letter began circulating in the army camp. Later acknowledged to be written by Major
171:
1974:
384:
refused to call out the militia (reasoning they might actually support the mutineers), and Congress decided to relocate to
259:
5802:
5761:
5093:
4727:
4643:
4616:
3702:
3661:
3466:
3241:
3109:
2735:
2718:
2480:
2188:
2077:
2046:
1928:
1503:
1459:
127:
61:
60:, successfully calmed the soldiers and helped secure back pay. The conspiracy may have been instigated by members in the
6196:
6017:
4626:
4367:
2896:
2500:
2391:
2250:
2196:
2172:
2141:
1740:
4414:
6322:
6226:
5594:
5543:
5294:
5173:
5053:
4887:
4673:
4206:
3874:
3798:
3053:
2997:
2540:
2222:
1938:
1806:
1384:
377:
5929:
5310:
2564:
1469:
6347:
6297:
6231:
5939:
5671:
5656:
5508:
4653:
4504:
4449:
4288:
3931:
3793:
3682:
3666:
3325:
3303:
2954:
2811:
2781:
2683:
2371:
2180:
1816:
1394:
1324:
997:
436:
391:
Although many acts have been passed since to grant pensions to veterans of the revolutionary war, most notably the
111:
53:
353:
populated with members opposed to any sort of pension payment. The pressure worked on Connecticut representative
6307:
5990:
5980:
5862:
5284:
5269:
5083:
4974:
4923:
4768:
4718:
4565:
4429:
4373:
3903:
3829:
3407:
3330:
3134:
3124:
3058:
2823:
2572:
2301:
2067:
1591:
1437:
1427:
381:
226:
196:
187:
145:
17:
399:. Grant's 1832 pension application stated that during the Revolutionary War he had escaped from his enslaver, a
284:
expressing the hope that the army's force would only be used against "the Enemies of the liberties in America."
5377:
5372:
5279:
5264:
5213:
5188:
5158:
5078:
5068:
4879:
4196:
3864:
3641:
3119:
3104:
2805:
2548:
2411:
2056:
1432:
1311:
289:
115:
4459:
2668:
1182:
Nelson, Paul David; Kohn, Richard H (January 1972). "Horatio Gates at Newburgh, 1783: A Misunderstood Role".
6206:
5766:
5320:
5063:
4658:
4555:
4387:
3768:
3478:
3190:
3099:
2580:
2475:
2296:
2271:
1838:
1668:
1658:
1601:
1141:
Kohn, Richard H (April 1970). "The Inside History of the Newburgh Conspiracy: America and the Coup d'Etat".
6256:
5985:
5553:
5352:
5315:
4778:
4748:
4320:
3707:
3697:
3287:
3251:
3129:
2426:
2421:
2209:
2026:
2016:
1821:
320:
The March 15 meeting was held in the "New Building" or "Temple", a 40 by 70-foot (12 by 21 m) building at
264:
162:
3895:
6337:
6221:
6006:
5716:
5528:
5223:
5178:
5143:
5073:
5058:
4994:
4743:
4683:
4560:
4078:
4073:
3753:
3606:
3360:
3267:
3170:
3079:
3037:
2693:
2266:
2051:
1918:
1767:
1735:
1530:
1515:
385:
230:
37:
444:
A Crisis of Peace: George Washington, the Newburgh Conspiracy, and the Fate of the American Revolution,
1128:
A Crisis of Peace: George Washington, the Newburgh Conspiracy, and the Fate of the American Revolution
360:
6071:
6022:
5123:
5118:
5108:
4854:
4606:
4601:
4350:
4083:
3611:
3488:
3226:
3180:
2793:
2787:
2594:
2306:
1833:
1787:
1648:
1525:
1520:
1176:
Eagle and Sword: The Federalists and the Creation of the Military Establishment in America, 1783–1802
79:, although the authorship and underlying ideas are subjects of historical debate. Commander-in-Chief
968:. Kari J. Winter, Benjamin F., or 1775–1817 Prentiss. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. 2004.
6263:
5909:
5666:
5168:
5148:
5133:
5113:
5098:
4869:
4668:
4398:
4302:
4134:
4018:
4003:
3778:
3733:
3687:
3483:
3365:
3346:
3277:
3205:
3195:
3165:
2906:
2713:
2556:
2120:
2031:
2011:
1794:
1552:
1547:
1508:
364:
302:
158:
138:
72:
328:
6161:
5731:
5686:
5198:
5128:
4591:
4454:
4424:
3988:
3983:
3717:
3712:
3656:
3590:
3519:
3272:
3185:
3175:
3021:
2916:
2859:
2829:
2588:
2455:
2261:
2256:
2115:
2072:
2061:
1799:
1777:
1540:
1288:
1199:
1158:
991:
208:
123:
65:
6201:
5208:
4129:
3246:
2130:
395:
of 1832, escaped slaves who fought in the war were denied pension, one of whom was 80 year old
5852:
5812:
5636:
5344:
5218:
5193:
5153:
5138:
5088:
5019:
4989:
4846:
4013:
4008:
3783:
3646:
3585:
3524:
3355:
3320:
3282:
3155:
2817:
2769:
2763:
2755:
2703:
2658:
2495:
2460:
1954:
1782:
1562:
1557:
1498:
1442:
1347:
1257:
1240:
1230:
1106:
979:
969:
945:
935:
872:
862:
778:
429:
341:
222:
200:
107:
94:
80:
57:
6191:
5877:
5842:
5751:
5736:
5721:
5681:
5493:
5183:
4864:
4859:
4773:
4698:
4648:
4550:
4439:
4434:
3963:
3927:
3788:
3743:
3549:
3503:
3498:
3471:
3308:
2926:
2886:
2648:
2636:
2517:
2485:
2110:
1653:
1626:
1454:
1409:
1374:
1280:
1191:
1150:
174:
119:
49:
775:
General Rufus Putnam: George Washington's Chief Military Engineer and the "Father of Ohio,"
218:
6211:
5756:
5696:
5661:
5651:
5048:
4969:
4842:
4753:
4722:
4678:
4611:
4570:
4530:
4519:
4489:
3993:
3692:
3651:
3412:
3386:
3313:
3089:
3011:
2847:
2725:
2621:
2041:
1579:
1481:
1476:
461:
1271:
Skeen, C. Edward; Kohn, Richard H (April 1974). "The Newburgh Conspiracy Reconsidered".
1212:
The beginnings of national politics: An interpretive history of the Continental Congress
1121:
American crisis: George Washington and the dangerous two years after Yorktown, 1781–1783
595:
The beginnings of national politics: An interpretive history of the Continental Congress
5807:
5701:
5244:
4703:
4535:
4524:
4469:
4444:
4201:
3616:
3580:
3544:
2921:
2911:
2891:
2641:
2125:
1933:
1621:
1223:
354:
268:
212:
166:
28:
2966:
418:. It also validated Washington's stature as a leading proponent of civilian control.
6291:
6105:
5872:
5857:
5847:
5827:
5776:
5746:
5741:
5676:
5503:
5357:
4763:
4621:
4419:
4023:
3998:
3978:
3968:
3738:
3493:
3317:
2881:
2688:
1843:
1586:
1215:
1099:
476:
408:
253:
204:
191:
76:
6100:
5817:
5797:
5771:
5691:
5498:
5443:
5428:
5274:
5259:
5254:
4892:
4783:
4713:
4514:
4499:
4393:
4361:
4241:
4186:
3973:
3758:
3748:
3626:
3016:
2841:
2698:
2135:
2001:
1969:
1606:
1535:
466:
133:
1135:
The New Nation: A History of the United States During the Confederation 1781–1789
965:
The blind African slave, or, Memoirs of Boyrereau Brinch, nicknamed Jeffery Brace
913:
The New Nation: A History of the United States During the Confederation 1781–1789
5867:
5822:
5726:
5646:
5533:
5433:
4933:
4928:
3773:
3534:
3221:
3114:
1569:
471:
404:
392:
308:
6027:
5792:
5706:
5574:
4897:
4586:
4545:
4325:
3150:
2940:
2901:
2663:
1964:
1828:
396:
153:
4257:
1244:
983:
949:
861:. Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, U.S. Army. pp. 177–179.
5904:
4663:
4509:
3573:
3539:
3529:
1312:
Digital Encyclopedia of George Washington article on the Newburgh conspiracy
4224:
Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States
876:
963:
929:
5837:
4494:
3568:
3423:
85:
856:
4540:
1292:
1203:
1162:
931:
Enjoy the same liberty : Black Americans and the revolutionary era
327:
Washington then gave a short but impassioned speech, now known as the
1316:
1284:
1195:
1154:
149:
failed to significantly affect Congressional debate on the subject.
1101:
The Perils of Peace: America's Struggle for Survival after Yorktown
130:
would not meet previous promises concerning back pay and pensions.
777:
p. 88, McFarland & Company, Inc., Jefferson, North Carolina.
359:
307:
258:
217:
132:
27:
1997:
Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site
4066:
Extra Continental regiments and Additional Continental regiments
16:
For the alleged terrorist conspiracy in Newburgh, New York, see
6044:
5969:
5468:
4804:
4299:
4261:
3899:
3427:
2970:
1320:
152:
A number of officers organized under the leadership of General
1254:
The American Revolution: Writings from the War of Independence
806:
The American Revolution: Writings from the War of Independence
64:, which circulated an anonymous letter in the army camp at
114:
died down in North America, and peace talks began between
4689:
Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms
40:, where the critical meeting took place on March 15, 1783
2037:
Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy
6313:
Coups d'Ă©tat and coup attempts in the United States
6114:
6083:
6059:
5897:
5890:
5785:
5629:
5622:
5567:
5486:
5479:
5421:
5343:
5329:
5303:
5232:
5033:
4958:
4911:
4878:
4841:
4834:
4736:
4579:
4478:
4407:
4313:
4234:
4215:
4179:
4099:
4058:
4032:
3956:
3947:
3807:
3726:
3675:
3599:
3558:
3512:
3459:
3395:
3374:
3339:
3296:
3260:
3214:
3143:
3067:
3046:
3030:
3004:
2869:
2754:
2604:
2096:
1947:
1904:
1687:
1637:
1404:
1307:
Library of Congress page on the Newburgh conspiracy
1225:
Robert Morris: Financier of the American Revolution
2244:General George Washington Resigning His Commission
1222:
1098:
832:
830:
2205:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door
333:
48:was a failed apparent threat by leaders of the
6137:Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War
2281:George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton
1649:Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association
1171:against Congress was ever seriously attempted.
4273:
3911:
3439:
2982:
1332:
8:
4247:George Washington in the American Revolution
215:emphasizes the leadership of Robert Morris.
6333:New York (state) in the American Revolution
5250:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River
1702:1788–89 United States presidential election
1279:(Third Series, Volume 31, No. 2): 273–298.
1190:(Third Series, Volume 29, No. 1): 143–158.
1149:(Third Series, Volume 27, No. 2): 188–220.
1084:(March 2021), Vol. 107 Issue 4, pp 989–990.
1067:
1065:
6127:African Americans in the Revolutionary War
6056:
6041:
5966:
5894:
5626:
5483:
5476:
5465:
5340:
4838:
4831:
4801:
4381:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness
4310:
4296:
4280:
4266:
4258:
3953:
3918:
3904:
3896:
3446:
3432:
3424:
2989:
2975:
2967:
1339:
1325:
1317:
820:
818:
706:
704:
702:
84:full pay instead of a lifetime pension of
34:New Windsor Cantonment State Historic Site
4091:Militia units that participated alongside
3356:Washington calls off invasion of New York
2674:Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route
2417:Washington and Jefferson National Forests
2148:Washington Monument (Boonsboro, Maryland)
1167:Kohn believes that it is doubtful that a
934:. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.
553:
551:
514:
512:
493:
491:
23:Planned military coup in 1783 in the U.S.
1812:United States Capitol cornerstone laying
1674:Chairman, 1787 Constitutional Convention
3880:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
3850:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2022)
3196:Battle of Freeman's Farm (1st Saratoga)
2002:Ford Mansion, Washington's headquarters
1894:John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations
1679:George Washington's political evolution
487:
6132:Dogs in the American Revolutionary War
3206:Battle of Bemis Heights (2nd Saratoga)
3201:Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery
2784:(step-granddaughter, adopted daughter)
2083:Electoral history of George Washington
989:
118:and American diplomats. The American
4638:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
3413:Washington's Farewell to His Officers
3382:Washington's Headquarters at Newburgh
2746:Attempted theft of Washington's skull
2627:Founding Fathers of the United States
1450:Washington in the American Revolution
923:
921:
7:
6247:Daughters of the American Revolution
4597:Declaration of Rights and Grievances
2402:Washington Masonic National Memorial
2230:General George Washington at Trenton
2088:Post-presidency of George Washington
1664:Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture
1455:Commander-in-chief, Continental Army
367:, the author of the Newburgh letters
6242:Children of the American Revolution
6122:Timeline of the American Revolution
3090:Submarine attack in New York Harbor
2998:New York in the American Revolution
2741:George Washington Memorial Building
1807:Presidential Succession Act of 1792
411:, who was granted pension in 1821.
238:force opposing Congressmen to act.
4903:European allies of King George III
4759:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
4694:Committee of Secret Correspondence
4356:No taxation without representation
2407:George Washington Memorial Parkway
2397:Washington University in St. Louis
651:Kohn, "Inside History", pp 198–199
615:Kohn, "Inside History", pp 193–194
566:Kohn, "Inside History", pp 191–193
14:
6269:Museum of the American Revolution
1597:Resignation as commander-in-chief
52:in March 1783, at the end of the
6157:Continental Currency dollar coin
6142:Women in the American Revolution
3075:New York and New Jersey campaign
2950:
2949:
2731:Mount Vernon Ladies' Association
2511:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins
2216:Washington Crossing the Delaware
1654:Initiated, 1774 Fairfax Resolves
1489:New York and New Jersey campaign
1229:. New York: Simon and Schuster.
32:The reconstructed Temple at the
6252:Sons of the American Revolution
2237:Washington at Verplanck's Point
2153:Washington Monument (Baltimore)
2022:President's House, Philadelphia
1859:State of the Union Address 1790
1252:Rhodehamel, John, ed. (2001) .
1105:. New York: Smithsonian Books.
1080:Bruce A. Ragsdale, "Review" in
446:(2019) by David Head, the book:
190:to allow Congress to impose an
6152:Continental currency banknotes
5240:Staten Island Peace Conference
3095:Staten Island Peace Conference
2776:George Washington Parke Custis
2709:American Philosophical Society
2471:America the Beautiful quarters
2315:George Washington on Horseback
2267:The Washington Family portrait
1614:Washington Before Boston Medal
1362:President of the United States
1273:The William and Mary Quarterly
1184:The William and Mary Quarterly
1143:The William and Mary Quarterly
855:Wright, Robert K. Jr. (1983).
584:Kohn, "Inside History" p, 193.
378:marched to the city in protest
106:After the British loss at the
1:
4946:German supporters of Congress
4644:Massachusetts Circular Letter
3242:Raid on Unadilla and Onaquaga
2506:250th Anniversary half dollar
2466:D.C. and territories quarters
2287:Reception at Trenton painting
2078:Washington and Lee University
2047:James River and Kanawha Canal
1889:Federal judicial appointments
1504:Battle of the Assunpink Creek
1023:Kohn, "Inside History", p 220
824:Kohn, "Inside History", p 211
737:Kohn, "Inside History", p 208
710:Kohn, "Inside History", p 206
696:Kohn, "Inside History", p 204
687:Kohn, "Inside History", p 203
669:Kohn, "Inside History", p 202
660:Kohn, "Inside History", p 201
642:Kohn, "Inside History", p 196
624:Kohn, "Inside History", p 194
606:Kohn, "Inside History", p 192
557:Kohn, "Inside History", p 195
545:Kohn, "Inside History", p 191
518:Kohn, "Inside History", p 190
497:Kohn, "Inside History", p 189
288:March 8 Pennsylvania Colonel
62:Congress of the Confederation
4627:Committees of correspondence
2778:(step-grandson, adopted son)
2392:George Washington University
2251:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
2142:The Apotheosis of Washington
1741:Cabinet of the United States
1669:1785 Mount Vernon Conference
6264:Charters of Freedom Rotunda
5295:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
5280:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781
5054:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
4709:Declaration of Independence
4674:Second Continental Congress
4207:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783
3085:New York Prison Ships begin
3054:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
3017:First Liberty poles erected
2223:The Passage of the Delaware
2017:Second Presidential Mansion
1385:Second Continental Congress
1082:Journal of American History
1041:Nelson and Kohn, pp 149–150
1032:Nelson and Kohn, pp 145–150
928:Countryman, Edward (2012).
442:According to a reviewer of
6364:
6303:American Revolutionary War
6147:Financial costs of the war
4654:First Continental Congress
4505:Royal Proclamation of 1763
4450:Second Rockingham ministry
4289:American Revolutionary War
3932:American Revolutionary War
3222:Setauket Spy Ring launched
2812:Elizabeth Washington Lewis
2439:Washington–Franklin Issues
2012:First Presidential Mansion
1817:Proclamation of Neutrality
1719:1792 presidential election
1395:First Continental Congress
1373:Commander-in-Chief of the
1368:Senior Officer of the Army
1256:. The Library of America.
1221:Rappleye, Charles (2010).
1214:(Knopf, 1979) pp 275–329.
746:Skeen and Kohn, pp 286–287
380:. Pennsylvania President
275:ranks, and urging him to "
112:American Revolutionary War
54:American Revolutionary War
15:
6328:1783 in the United States
6318:18th-century coups d'Ă©tat
6055:
6040:
6001:Constitutional Convention
5981:Society of the Cincinnati
5976:
5965:
5475:
5464:
5270:Carlisle Peace Commission
5104:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
4830:
4800:
4769:Hutchinson letters affair
4719:Articles of Confederation
4566:Proclamation of Rebellion
4430:First Rockingham ministry
4374:All men are created equal
4309:
4295:
3938:
3408:British evacuate New York
3331:Battle of Fort St. George
3161:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
3135:Battle of Fort Washington
2935:
2574:The War that Made America
2302:Princeton Battle Monument
2068:Society of the Cincinnati
2066:President General of the
1849:Thanksgiving Proclamation
1756:Secretary of the Treasury
1465:Washington's headquarters
1438:Battle of the Monongahela
1354:
773:Hubbard, Robert Ernest.
764:Chernow, ch 35 at note 56
188:Articles of Confederation
18:2009 Bronx terrorism plot
6343:1783 in New York (state)
5265:Entry of France into war
4880:Kingdom of Great Britain
4197:Pennsylvania Line Mutiny
3489:Holy Roman Empire (1062)
3120:Battle of Valcour Island
3115:Execution of Nathan Hale
3105:Battle of Harlem Heights
2806:Augustine Washington Jr.
2566:Turn: Washington's Spies
2412:George Washington Bridge
2057:Congressional Gold Medal
1736:Title of "Mr. President"
1470:office and sleeping tent
1433:Battle of Fort Necessity
1097:Fleming, Thomas (2007).
536:Fleming, pp 250–252, 262
56:. The Army's commander,
5996:Ratification Day (1784)
5321:Second Anglo-Mysore War
5005:Northern after Saratoga
4985:New York and New Jersey
4659:Continental Association
4556:Conciliatory Resolution
4415:Pitt–Newcastle ministry
4388:Consent of the governed
3642:Portuguese India (1787)
3494:Mamluk Sultanate (1386)
3460:Before the 16th century
3351:runs aground at Montauk
3326:Battle of Klock's Field
3304:Battle of Young's House
3237:Attack on German Flatts
3191:Battle of Staten Island
2856:(2nd great-grandfather)
2476:American Women quarters
2382:Washington, D.C. statue
2297:Trenton Battle Monument
2273:Washington at Princeton
1965:Ferry Farm boyhood home
1839:Slave Trade Act of 1794
1773:Oath Administration Act
1659:Continental Association
1602:Badge of Military Merit
1494:Delaware River crossing
804:John Rhodehamel (ed.).
6257:Sons of the Revolution
5986:Treaty of Paris (1783)
5316:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
5311:Cherokee–American wars
4924:Franco-American Treaty
4779:Philadelphia Tea Party
4749:Treaty of Paris (1763)
4728:Confederation Congress
4321:American Enlightenment
3479:Roman Republic (63 BC)
3454:Plots and conspiracies
3288:Boyd and Parker ambush
3252:Cherry Valley massacre
3232:West Point established
3130:Battle of White Plains
3125:Battle of Pell's Point
3110:Great Fire of New York
2422:Washington Square Park
2210:Revolutionary War Door
2027:Germantown White House
1929:Washington and slavery
1822:Neutrality Act of 1794
1119:Fowler Jr, William M.
996:: CS1 maint: others (
453:
368:
337:
313:
271:
234:
141:
128:Confederation Congress
41:
6202:Washington's Birthday
6007:The Federalist Papers
5991:Evacuation Day (1783)
5044:Lexington and Concord
4744:French and Indian War
4684:Olive Branch Petition
3764:United Kingdom (1968)
3698:United Kingdom (1820)
3361:Battle of Fort Slongo
3268:Battle of Stony Point
3171:Siege of Fort Stanwix
3080:Battle of Long Island
3038:Battle of Golden Hill
2736:Mount Vernon replicas
2694:General of the Armies
2669:Washington's Crossing
2501:Washington half eagle
2131:Washington's Birthday
2052:Mountain Road Lottery
1919:The Washington Papers
1768:Judiciary Act of 1789
1531:Battle of White Marsh
1516:Philadelphia campaign
1423:French and Indian War
1071:Skeen and Kohn, p 288
1059:Skeen and Kohn, p 292
1050:Skeen and Kohn, p 279
448:
386:Princeton, New Jersey
363:
312:The Newburgh Address.
311:
262:
231:Charles Willson Peale
229:(right), portrait by
221:
136:
110:in October 1781, the
38:New Windsor, New York
31:
6207:Jefferson's Birthday
6197:Pulaski Memorial Day
5204:Guilford Court House
4855:Continental Congress
4632:Committees of safety
4607:Daughters of Liberty
4602:Virginia Association
4351:Rights of Englishmen
4141:Artillery Regiments
3840:United States (2020)
3739:United States (1933)
3693:United States (1807)
3637:United States (1783)
3617:Great Britain (1721)
3227:Battle of Cobleskill
3181:Battle of Bennington
3100:Landing at Kip's Bay
2794:Mary Ball Washington
2788:Augustine Washington
2782:Eleanor Parke Custis
2659:Cherry-tree anecdote
2542:A More Perfect Union
2491:Silver bullion coins
2350:New York City statue
1914:Presidential library
1788:Militia Acts of 1792
1729:Reception at Trenton
1526:Battle of Germantown
1521:Battle of Brandywine
858:The Continental Army
527:Rappleye, pp 332–333
5335:colony or location)
5290:Newburgh Conspiracy
5149:Sullivan Expedition
4669:Provincial Congress
4460:Fox–North coalition
4399:Settler colonialism
4346:Freedom of religion
4303:American Revolution
4192:Newburgh Conspiracy
3875:Sierra Leone (2023)
3403:Newburgh Conspiracy
3366:Battle of Johnstown
3278:Sullivan Expedition
3166:Battle of Fort Anne
2850:(great-grandfather)
2836:Lawrence Washington
2800:Lawrence Washington
2714:American Revolution
2558:We Fight to Be Free
2523:Cultural depictions
2434:U.S. Postage stamps
2387:West Point monument
2372:Philadelphia statue
2257:Unfinished portrait
2121:Washington Monument
1990:Woodlawn Plantation
1795:Coinage Act of 1792
1724:Second inauguration
1575:Newburgh Conspiracy
1553:Sullivan Expedition
1548:Battles of Saratoga
1509:Battle of Princeton
1123:(Bloomsbury, 2011).
845:Fleming, pp 272–273
755:Fleming, pp 269–270
422:Historical analysis
303:John Armstrong, Jr.
267:, 1820 portrait by
181:Actions of Congress
159:Alexander McDougall
139:Alexander McDougall
46:Newburgh Conspiracy
6323:Newburgh, New York
6237:Semiquincentennial
6162:Libertas Americana
4592:Stamp Act Congress
4482:Acts of Parliament
4455:Shelburne ministry
4425:Grenville ministry
3830:Ivory Coast (2012)
3713:Philippines (1828)
3550:Philippines (1587)
3321:conspiracy exposed
3309:First Purple Heart
3273:Battle of Minisink
3186:Battle of Setauket
3176:Battle of Oriskany
3059:Invasion of Canada
3022:Stamp Act Congress
2917:Christopher Sheels
2860:Bushrod Washington
2830:Charles Washington
2824:John A. Washington
2679:1751 Barbados trip
2568:(2014–2017 series)
2456:Washington quarter
2367:Perth Amboy statue
2355:Wall Street statue
2335:Mexico City statue
2262:Lansdowne portrait
2073:Washington College
2062:Thanks of Congress
1985:Whiskey distillery
1800:United States Mint
1778:Nonintercourse Act
1746:Secretary of State
1707:First inauguration
1541:Battle of Monmouth
369:
314:
277:take the direction
272:
235:
209:Alexander Hamilton
142:
124:Newburgh, New York
75:, aide to General
66:Newburgh, New York
42:
6348:George Washington
6298:Conflicts in 1783
6285:
6284:
6281:
6280:
6277:
6276:
6036:
6035:
6023:Shays's Rebellion
5961:
5960:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5886:
5885:
5853:Richard Henry Lee
5618:
5617:
5460:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5304:Related conflicts
5174:Connecticut Farms
4954:
4953:
4847:Thirteen Colonies
4796:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4255:
4254:
4175:
4174:
4084:Ottendorf's Corps
3893:
3892:
3835:Montenegro (2016)
3484:Roman Empire (65)
3421:
3420:
3283:Battle of Newtown
3156:Saratoga campaign
2964:
2963:
2818:Samuel Washington
2770:John Parke Custis
2764:Martha Washington
2704:American Foxhound
2584:(2020 miniseries)
2576:(2006 miniseries)
2529:George Washington
2496:Washington nickel
2481:Washington dollar
2461:50 State Quarters
2444:1932 bicentennial
2340:Morristown statue
2198:George Washington
2190:George Washington
2182:George Washington
2174:George Washington
2159:George Washington
1834:Pinckney's Treaty
1783:Whiskey Rebellion
1563:Siege of Yorktown
1558:Yorktown campaign
1499:Battle of Trenton
1443:Forbes Expedition
1410:Revolutionary War
1348:George Washington
1174:Kohn, Richard H.
1133:Jensen, Merrill.
975:978-0-299-20143-2
941:978-1-4422-0028-9
783:978-1-4766-7862-7
416:republican values
342:Timothy Pickering
223:Gouverneur Morris
201:Gouverneur Morris
108:Siege of Yorktown
81:George Washington
58:George Washington
6355:
6308:Continental Army
6227:Sesquicentennial
6187:Independence Day
6091:Founding Fathers
6057:
6042:
5967:
5895:
5627:
5484:
5477:
5466:
5341:
5336:
5164:Cape St. Vincent
4839:
4832:
4802:
4774:Boston Tea Party
4699:Halifax Resolves
4649:Suffolk Resolves
4440:Grafton ministry
4435:Chatham ministry
4331:Colonial history
4311:
4297:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4259:
3954:
3928:Continental Army
3920:
3913:
3906:
3897:
3662:Venezuela (1797)
3448:
3441:
3434:
3425:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2968:
2953:
2952:
2927:Harry Washington
2887:Caroline Branham
2649:Virginia dynasty
2637:Federalist Party
2617:List of articles
2531:(1984 miniseries
2518:Mount Washington
2486:Lafayette dollar
2325:Baltimore statue
2116:Washington state
2111:Washington, D.C.
1854:Farewell Address
1761:Secretary of War
1751:Attorney General
1375:Continental Army
1341:
1334:
1327:
1318:
1296:
1267:
1248:
1228:
1210:Rakove, Jack N.
1207:
1166:
1116:
1104:
1085:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1060:
1057:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1008:
1002:
1001:
995:
987:
960:
954:
953:
925:
916:
911:Merrill Jensen,
909:
903:
900:
894:
887:
881:
880:
852:
846:
843:
837:
834:
825:
822:
813:
812:
801:
795:
792:
786:
771:
765:
762:
756:
753:
747:
744:
738:
735:
729:
726:
720:
717:
711:
708:
697:
694:
688:
685:
679:
676:
670:
667:
661:
658:
652:
649:
643:
640:
634:
631:
625:
622:
616:
613:
607:
604:
598:
593:Jack N. Rakove,
591:
585:
582:
576:
573:
567:
564:
558:
555:
546:
543:
537:
534:
528:
525:
519:
516:
507:
504:
498:
495:
329:Newburgh Address
297:Call for meeting
175:Benjamin Lincoln
172:Secretary at War
120:Continental Army
50:Continental Army
6363:
6362:
6358:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6352:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6273:
6212:Von Steuben Day
6110:
6079:
6051:
6032:
5972:
5949:
5891:Colonial allies
5882:
5781:
5614:
5575:King George III
5563:
5471:
5448:
5417:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5325:
5299:
5228:
5209:Lochry's Defeat
5094:Assunpink Creek
5084:Fort Washington
5029:
4963:
4961:
4950:
4941:Hortalez et Cie
4912:Colonial allies
4907:
4874:
4843:United Colonies
4826:
4788:
4754:Boston Massacre
4732:
4723:Perpetual Union
4679:United Colonies
4612:Sons of Liberty
4575:
4483:
4481:
4480:Related British
4474:
4403:
4305:
4301:Origins of the
4291:
4286:
4256:
4251:
4230:
4211:
4171:
4095:
4054:
4028:
3943:
3934:
3924:
3894:
3889:
3825:Zimbabwe (2007)
3815:Cambodia (2000)
3803:
3799:Pakistan (1995)
3789:Zimbabwe (1980)
3759:Cambodia (1959)
3754:Pakistan (1951)
3722:
3708:Colombia (1828)
3671:
3595:
3565:England (1603)
3554:
3508:
3504:Florence (1478)
3455:
3452:
3422:
3417:
3391:
3387:Newburgh letter
3370:
3335:
3292:
3256:
3247:Carleton's Raid
3210:
3139:
3063:
3042:
3026:
3012:Sons of Liberty
3000:
2995:
2965:
2960:
2931:
2865:
2848:John Washington
2750:
2726:Betsy Ross flag
2622:Founders Online
2600:
2377:Portland statue
2100:
2092:
2042:Potomac Company
2007:Hasbrouck House
1943:
1924:Religious views
1906:
1900:
1712:inaugural bible
1691:
1683:
1641:founding events
1640:
1633:
1580:Newburgh letter
1570:Culper Spy Ring
1482:Siege of Boston
1477:Boston campaign
1428:Jumonville Glen
1418:Military career
1408:
1406:Military career
1400:
1350:
1345:
1303:
1285:10.2307/1920913
1270:
1264:
1251:
1237:
1220:
1196:10.2307/1921331
1181:
1178:(1975) pp 17–39
1155:10.2307/1918650
1140:
1137:(1950) pp 54–84
1113:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1012:Eagle and Sword
1009:
1005:
988:
976:
962:
961:
957:
942:
927:
926:
919:
915:(1950) pp 54–84
910:
906:
901:
897:
891:Eagle and Sword
888:
884:
869:
854:
853:
849:
844:
840:
835:
828:
823:
816:
803:
802:
798:
793:
789:
772:
768:
763:
759:
754:
750:
745:
741:
736:
732:
727:
723:
719:Rappleye, p 302
718:
714:
709:
700:
695:
691:
686:
682:
677:
673:
668:
664:
659:
655:
650:
646:
641:
637:
632:
628:
623:
619:
614:
610:
605:
601:
592:
588:
583:
579:
574:
570:
565:
561:
556:
549:
544:
540:
535:
531:
526:
522:
517:
510:
506:Rappleye, p 288
505:
501:
496:
489:
485:
462:Newburgh letter
458:
424:
350:
299:
183:
104:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
6361:
6359:
6351:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6290:
6289:
6283:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6217:Minor holidays
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6164:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6144:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6118:
6116:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6087:
6085:
6081:
6080:
6078:
6077:
6069:
6063:
6061:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6049:
6048:Related topics
6045:
6038:
6037:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6018:Bill of Rights
6015:
6010:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5963:
5962:
5959:
5958:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5901:
5899:
5892:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5789:
5787:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5633:
5631:
5624:
5620:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5571:
5569:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5481:
5473:
5472:
5469:
5462:
5461:
5458:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5447:
5446:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5425:
5423:
5422:Loyal colonies
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5408:South Carolina
5405:
5400:
5395:
5393:North Carolina
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5349:
5347:
5345:Rebel colonies
5338:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5285:Sint Eustatius
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5245:"First Salute"
5242:
5236:
5234:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5189:Kings Mountain
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5079:Harlem Heights
5076:
5071:
5069:Valcour Island
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4964:
4959:
4956:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4884:
4882:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4849:
4836:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4798:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4734:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4725:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4704:Lee Resolution
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4622:Black Patriots
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4576:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4486:
4484:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4472:
4470:Black Loyalist
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4445:North ministry
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4411:
4409:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4384:
4377:
4370:
4365:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4307:
4306:
4300:
4293:
4292:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4277:
4270:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4202:Pompton Mutiny
4199:
4194:
4189:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4106:Cavalry Units
4103:
4101:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4036:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4019:South Carolina
4016:
4011:
4006:
4004:North Carolina
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3958:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3900:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3885:Ukraine (2024)
3882:
3877:
3872:
3870:Moldova (2023)
3867:
3862:
3860:Germany (2022)
3857:
3855:Ukraine (2022)
3852:
3847:
3845:Ukraine (2021)
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3779:Morocco (1973)
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3749:Germany (1944)
3746:
3744:Germany (1938)
3741:
3736:
3734:Ukraine (1919)
3730:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3718:Georgia (1832)
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3591:Hungary (1670)
3588:
3586:England (1641)
3583:
3581:England (1605)
3578:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3545:England (1586)
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3499:England (1415)
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3474:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3428:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3311:
3306:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2971:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2945:
2944:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2922:Deborah Squash
2919:
2914:
2912:Hercules Posey
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2892:William Costin
2889:
2884:
2879:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2808:(half-brother)
2803:
2802:(half-brother)
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2760:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2642:Federalist Era
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2538:
2533:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2126:Mount Rushmore
2123:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1948:Life and homes
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1934:Town Destroyer
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1643:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1599:
1594:
1592:Evacuation Day
1589:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1572:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1388:
1378:
1371:
1365:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1309:
1302:
1301:External links
1299:
1298:
1297:
1268:
1262:
1249:
1235:
1218:
1208:
1179:
1172:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1111:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1073:
1061:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1003:
974:
955:
940:
917:
904:
902:Fleming, p 288
895:
882:
867:
847:
838:
836:Fleming, p 272
826:
814:
796:
794:Fleming, p 271
787:
766:
757:
748:
739:
730:
728:Fleming, p 267
721:
712:
698:
689:
680:
678:Fleming, p 266
671:
662:
653:
644:
635:
633:Fleming, p 263
626:
617:
608:
599:
597:(1979), p. 317
586:
577:
575:Fleming, p 261
568:
559:
547:
538:
529:
520:
508:
499:
486:
484:
481:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
457:
454:
423:
420:
382:John Dickinson
365:John Armstrong
355:Eliphalet Dyer
349:
346:
298:
295:
290:Walter Stewart
269:Gilbert Stuart
213:Jack N. Rakove
182:
179:
167:Matthias Ogden
103:
100:
73:John Armstrong
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6360:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6311:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6293:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6192:Patriots' Day
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6167:Commemoration
6165:
6163:
6160:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6119:
6117:
6113:
6107:
6106:Yankee Doodle
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6082:
6076:
6075:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6047:
6046:
6043:
6039:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6008:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5978:
5975:
5968:
5964:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5935:de Rochambeau
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5784:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5730:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5715:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5474:
5467:
5463:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5378:New Hampshire
5376:
5374:
5373:Massachusetts
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5328:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5231:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5032:
5026:
5025:Naval battles
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4960:Campaigns and
4957:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4799:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4764:Gaspee affair
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4420:Bute ministry
4418:
4416:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4385:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4371:
4369:
4368:Spirit of '76
4366:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4341:Republicanism
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4271:
4269:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4098:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3989:New Hampshire
3987:
3985:
3984:Massachusetts
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3942:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3921:
3916:
3914:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3865:Brazil (2022)
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3703:France (1820)
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3688:France (1804)
3686:
3684:
3683:France (1800)
3681:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3668:
3667:Mexico (1799)
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3657:Sweden (1793)
3655:
3653:
3652:Sweden (1789)
3650:
3648:
3647:Sweden (1788)
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Sweden (1756)
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3612:France (1718)
3610:
3608:
3607:Naples (1701)
3605:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Sweden (1576)
3538:
3536:
3535:Sweden (1574)
3533:
3531:
3530:Sweden (1569)
3528:
3526:
3525:France (1567)
3523:
3521:
3520:France (1560)
3518:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3468:
3467:Ancient Egypt
3465:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3449:
3444:
3442:
3437:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2987:
2985:
2980:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2957:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:Sarah Johnson
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2844:(grandmother)
2843:
2840:
2838:(grandfather)
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2689:Syng inkstand
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Republicanism
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:Newark statue
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:Boston statue
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:Austin statue
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2308:Point of View
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:Custis estate
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1844:Residence Act
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1587:Asgill Affair
1585:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1460:Aides-de-camp
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1236:9781416570912
1232:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1126:Head, David.
1125:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1112:9780061139109
1108:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1007:
1004:
999:
993:
985:
981:
977:
971:
967:
966:
959:
956:
951:
947:
943:
937:
933:
932:
924:
922:
918:
914:
908:
905:
899:
896:
892:
886:
883:
878:
874:
870:
868:0-16-001931-1
864:
860:
859:
851:
848:
842:
839:
833:
831:
827:
821:
819:
815:
811:
807:
800:
797:
791:
788:
784:
780:
776:
770:
767:
761:
758:
752:
749:
743:
740:
734:
731:
725:
722:
716:
713:
707:
705:
703:
699:
693:
690:
684:
681:
675:
672:
666:
663:
657:
654:
648:
645:
639:
636:
630:
627:
621:
618:
612:
609:
603:
600:
596:
590:
587:
581:
578:
572:
569:
563:
560:
554:
552:
548:
542:
539:
533:
530:
524:
521:
515:
513:
509:
503:
500:
494:
492:
488:
482:
478:
477:Business Plot
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
459:
455:
452:
447:
445:
440:
438:
434:
432:
431:
421:
419:
417:
412:
410:
409:Jeffrey Brace
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
373:
366:
362:
358:
356:
347:
345:
343:
336:
332:
330:
325:
323:
318:
310:
306:
304:
296:
294:
291:
285:
282:
281:republicanism
278:
270:
266:
261:
257:
255:
254:Horatio Gates
251:
250:
243:
239:
232:
228:
227:Robert Morris
224:
220:
216:
214:
210:
206:
205:James Madison
202:
198:
197:Robert Morris
193:
192:import tariff
189:
180:
178:
176:
173:
168:
164:
161:and Colonels
160:
155:
150:
147:
146:Robert Morris
140:
135:
131:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
101:
99:
97:
96:
89:
87:
82:
78:
77:Horatio Gates
74:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
39:
35:
30:
26:
19:
6338:Conspiracies
6232:Bicentennial
6115:Other topics
6101:Liberty Tree
6073:
6013:Constitution
6005:
5910:Beaumarchais
5798:Samuel Adams
5549:William Howe
5544:Richard Howe
5444:West Florida
5429:East Florida
5403:Rhode Island
5398:Pennsylvania
5331:Involvement
5289:
5275:Gordon Riots
5260:Valley Forge
5255:Conway Cabal
5233:Other events
4995:Philadelphia
4893:British Army
4784:Powder Alarm
4714:Model Treaty
4636:
4394:Expansionism
4362:Common Sense
4360:
4242:Board of War
4222:
4191:
4187:Conway Cabal
4079:2nd Canadian
4074:1st Canadian
4070:Other units
4014:Rhode Island
4009:Pennsylvania
3808:21st century
3784:Spain (1978)
3774:China (1971)
3769:Libya (1970)
3727:20th century
3676:19th century
3636:
3632:Chile (1781)
3622:Malta (1749)
3600:18th century
3559:17th century
3513:16th century
3402:
3348:
2948:
2941:John Adams →
2939:
2854:George Reade
2842:Mildred Gale
2699:Conway Cabal
2654:Coat of arms
2612:Bibliography
2589:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2550:The Crossing
2549:
2541:
2536:1986 sequel)
2528:
2362:Paris statue
2307:
2279:
2272:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2166:plaster copy
2158:
2140:
2136:Purple Heart
1970:Mount Vernon
1907:public image
1607:Purple Heart
1574:
1536:Valley Forge
1276:
1272:
1253:
1224:
1211:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1168:
1146:
1142:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1100:
1091:Bibliography
1081:
1076:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1019:
1011:
1006:
964:
958:
930:
912:
907:
898:
890:
885:
857:
850:
841:
809:
805:
799:
790:
774:
769:
760:
751:
742:
733:
724:
715:
692:
683:
674:
665:
656:
647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
602:
594:
589:
580:
571:
562:
541:
532:
523:
502:
467:Lewis Nicola
449:
443:
441:
435:
428:
425:
413:
390:
374:
370:
351:
338:
334:
326:
319:
315:
300:
286:
276:
273:
247:
244:
240:
236:
184:
151:
143:
105:
93:
90:
70:
45:
43:
25:
5878:Witherspoon
5762:von Steuben
5717:Charles Lee
5434:Nova Scotia
5353:Connecticut
5224:The Saintes
5179:Springfield
5144:Stony Point
5074:Long Island
5059:Bunker Hill
4980:Nova Scotia
4571:Prohibitory
4561:Restraining
4551:Intolerable
4531:Declaratory
3964:Connecticut
3941:Departments
3820:Laos (2007)
3794:Peru (1992)
2907:William Lee
2560:(2006 film)
2552:(2000 film)
2544:(1989 film)
2192:(Greenough)
1377:(1775–1783)
1370:(1798–1799)
1364:(1789–1797)
1169:coup d'Ă©tat
472:Pension act
430:coup d'Ă©tat
405:New England
393:Pension Act
265:John Brooks
225:(left) and
163:John Brooks
122:, based at
95:coup d'Ă©tat
6292:Categories
6222:Centennial
6177:television
6028:Jay Treaty
5925:de Guichen
5833:Huntington
5793:John Adams
5732:Montgomery
5637:Washington
5600:Rockingham
5585:Barrington
5554:Knyphausen
5524:Cornwallis
5383:New Jersey
5214:Chesapeake
5169:Charleston
5124:Germantown
5119:Brandywine
5109:Bennington
4898:Royal Navy
4888:Parliament
4835:Combatants
4808:Combatants
4587:Loyal Nine
4520:Quartering
4490:Navigation
4336:Liberalism
4326:John Locke
4314:Philosophy
3994:New Jersey
3151:Meigs Raid
2902:Oney Judge
2664:River Farm
2582:Washington
2200:(Trumbull)
2176:(Ceracchi)
2103:depictions
1960:Birthplace
1955:Early life
1829:Jay Treaty
1689:Presidency
1639:Other U.S.
1263:1883011914
483:References
437:David Cobb
397:Jehu Grant
154:Henry Knox
102:Background
6096:Diplomacy
6084:Political
6067:Prisoners
5971:Aftermath
5945:Vergennes
5920:de Grasse
5915:d'Estaing
5905:Louis XVI
5843:Jefferson
5808:Dickinson
5752:St. Clair
5737:Nicholson
5712:Lafayette
5672:Duportail
5642:Alexander
5610:Shelburne
5494:Arbuthnot
5333:(by
5199:Pensacola
5159:Gibraltar
5134:St. Lucia
5099:Princeton
4811:Campaigns
4664:Minutemen
4580:Colonials
4536:Townshend
4465:Loyalists
4408:Royalists
4135:Pulaski's
4050:1777–1784
3574:Main Plot
2832:(brother)
2826:(brother)
2820:(brother)
2772:(stepson)
2310:sculpture
2275:paintings
2098:Memorials
1980:Gristmill
1905:Views and
1694:timeline)
1245:535493123
992:cite book
984:657821122
950:698327988
348:Aftermath
6060:Military
5813:Franklin
5786:Civilian
5767:Sullivan
5757:Schuyler
5687:Hamilton
5662:Claghorn
5630:Military
5623:Colonial
5605:Sandwich
5568:Civilian
5514:Carleton
5509:Campbell
5504:Burgoyne
5487:Military
5413:Virginia
5388:New York
5368:Maryland
5358:Delaware
5219:Yorktown
5154:Savannah
5129:Monmouth
5114:Saratoga
5020:Yorktown
5010:Southern
5000:Northern
4990:Saratoga
4962:theaters
4823:Colonies
4814:Theaters
4617:Patriots
4527:up i.p.o
4515:Currency
4500:Molasses
4130:Armand's
4024:Virginia
3999:New York
3979:Maryland
3969:Delaware
3957:By state
3569:Bye Plot
3349:Culloden
2955:Category
2862:(nephew)
2814:(sister)
2796:(mother)
2790:(father)
2719:patriots
2684:Category
2590:Hamilton
2451:Currency
2184:(Canova)
2161:(Houdon)
1627:Blueskin
1391:Delegate
1381:Delegate
1014:pp 34–39
456:See also
401:Loyalist
322:the camp
263:Colonel
137:General
86:half pay
6182:theater
5940:Suffren
5930:Luzerne
5848:Laurens
5818:Hancock
5803:Carroll
5722:Lincoln
5702:de Kalb
5692:Hopkins
5590:Germain
5580:Amherst
5519:Clinton
5480:British
5470:Leaders
5363:Georgia
5194:Cowpens
5139:Grenada
5089:Trenton
5036:battles
5015:Western
4870:Marines
4817:Battles
4235:Related
4033:By year
3974:Georgia
3930:of the
3472:1155 BC
2605:Related
2292:Statues
1975:Fishery
1884:Cabinet
1618:Horses
1393:to the
1383:to the
1293:1920913
1204:1921331
1163:1918650
1130:(2019).
877:8806011
116:British
6074:Turtle
5898:French
5868:Revere
5863:Morris
5858:McKean
5823:Hanson
5747:Rodney
5742:Putnam
5727:Mercer
5682:Greene
5652:Arnold
5559:Rodney
5539:Graves
5529:Fraser
5439:Quebec
5184:Camden
5064:Quebec
5049:Boston
5034:Major
4975:Quebec
4970:Boston
4919:France
4820:Events
4737:Events
4546:Quebec
4227:(1779)
4216:Manual
4180:Events
4145:Knox's
3314:Arnold
2870:Slaves
2766:(wife)
2756:Family
1939:Legacy
1622:Nelson
1397:(1774)
1387:(1775)
1291:
1260:
1243:
1233:
1216:onlinw
1202:
1161:
1109:
1010:Kohn,
982:
972:
948:
938:
893:, p 33
889:Kohn,
875:
865:
781:
249:Brutus
233:, 1783
207:, and
5828:Henry
5777:Wayne
5697:Jones
5677:Gates
5667:Clark
5657:Barry
5647:Allen
5595:North
5499:Brant
4525:Stamp
4510:Sugar
4100:Other
4059:Extra
3949:Units
3318:André
2882:Betty
1289:JSTOR
1200:JSTOR
1159:JSTOR
403:from
6172:film
6072:The
5873:Rush
5772:Ward
5707:Knox
5534:Gage
4934:Navy
4929:Army
4865:Navy
4860:Army
4721:and
4495:Iron
4045:1776
4040:1775
3926:The
3396:1783
3375:1782
3347:HMS
3340:1781
3297:1780
3261:1779
3215:1778
3144:1777
3068:1776
3047:1775
3031:1770
3005:1765
2877:List
2595:film
2427:Arch
2101:and
1879:1796
1874:1793
1869:1792
1864:1791
1258:ISBN
1241:OCLC
1231:ISBN
1107:ISBN
998:link
980:OCLC
970:ISBN
946:OCLC
936:ISBN
873:OCLC
863:ISBN
779:ISBN
165:and
44:The
5838:Jay
4541:Tea
4165:4th
4160:3rd
4155:2nd
4150:1st
4125:4th
4120:3rd
4115:2nd
4110:1st
1359:1st
1281:doi
1192:doi
1151:doi
92:of
36:in
6294::
1287:.
1277:31
1275:.
1239:.
1198:.
1188:29
1186:.
1157:.
1147:27
1145:.
1064:^
994:}}
990:{{
978:.
944:.
920:^
871:.
829:^
817:^
808:.
701:^
550:^
511:^
490:^
203:,
199:,
177:.
88:.
4845:/
4390:"
4386:"
4383:"
4379:"
4376:"
4372:"
4281:e
4274:t
4267:v
3919:e
3912:t
3905:v
3447:e
3440:t
3433:v
3316:–
2990:e
2983:t
2976:v
2597:)
2593:(
1692:(
1340:e
1333:t
1326:v
1295:.
1283::
1266:.
1247:.
1206:.
1194::
1165:.
1153::
1115:.
1000:)
986:.
952:.
879:.
785:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
