49:
in the human brain. In around 95% of right-handers, these brain areas are often located on the left hemisphere, however the proportion reduces in left handers down to around 70%. Therefore 7 in every 100 individuals is right-hemisphered for language and left-hand dominant. It is unclear as to whether
235:
The relationship between handedness and its neuronal correlates is complex. Language areas themselves are not concretely correlated, and motor area show exceedingly subtle differences. Because of this, the literature shows many differing opinions. Clearly, advances in research are still necessary to
204:
Handedness in and of itself tends to be a grey area. The requirements for someone to be right- as opposed to left-handed have been debated, and because individuals who identify as left-handed may also use their right hand for a large number of tasks, identifying two clearcut groups of subjects is a
248:
In a review, it was associated to the "impulsive behaviour", handedness, mostly left and/or crossed lateralities, and above of all, the eyedness or eye-laterality as a key to detect and to relate brain lateralization which that behavioural disorder when it is crossed-eye-hand laterality which has
166:
In order to untangle causality, some research employs a 'forced handedness' group. Left-handers who were forced during childhood to use their right hand showed a larger surface area of the central sulcus in their left hemisphere, which is associated with right-handedness. Also, structures in the
108:
The surface area of the central sulcus has been found to be larger in the dominant hemisphere, as well as the 'hand knob', an area in the primary motor cortex which is responsible for hand movements, is located more dorsally in the left hemisphere of people who are right- compared to left-handed
213:
used to determine handedness, by comparing individuals to the population at large. However use of this inventory varies between researchers, and it has been criticized for its use in modern research. This means that an individual which one research group may classify as a left-hander, may be
158:. Notably, humans show a natural asymmetry between left and right tracts, such that the left tract (and therefore connections to the right hand) is significantly larger. However this asymmetry has been found to be reduced in left-handers, suggesting a less biased connection to both hands.
697:
Good, Catriona D.; Johnsrude, Ingrid; Ashburner, John; Henson, Richard N.A.; Friston, Karl J.; Frackowiak, Richard S.J. (2001-09-01). "Cerebral
Asymmetry and the Effects of Sex and Handedness on Brain Structure: A Voxel-Based Morphometric Analysis of 465 Normal Adult Human Brains".
75:
arm. No research has investigated the effect of being right-hemispheric for language whilst being left-handed, and whether or not the corpus callosum is still larger without the need to communicate across hemispheres, such would be the case in right-hemispheric left-handers.
125:
development is preferential in the left hemisphere due to the theoretical gene RS+. This theory also states that there is no particular gene which causes increased right-hemispheric development compared to left, instead without the RS+ gene the development is a
92:, and is thought to be the most asymmetric area of the human brain; with the left side having shown to be five times the size of the right in some individuals. However in people who are left handed, this asymmetry has shown to be reduced
222:
A number of asymmetrical findings have been disputed, with various studies stating null results in opposition to previously reported differences. This is an issue in handedness neuroscience, as imaging methods are highly susceptible to
244:
It has been reported some cases of inmates, showing a larger Right-Prefrontal cortex, yet being controlled or dominant their Left-Prefrontal cortex. and it has been associated to criminal behaviour and also to psychopathic traits.
54:
has been found to have differing grey matter structures depending on handedness. The inferior frontal sulcus, which contains Broca's area, was found to be more continuous in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the dominant hand
191:
shows no such correlation, and so handedness is thought to impact face processing on a level in the hierarchy which does not involve the occipital face area, however does include the fusiform gyrus.
1036:
Edlin, James M.; Leppanen, Marcus L.; Fain, Robin J.; Hackländer, Ryan P.; Hanaver-Torrez, Shelley D.; Lyle, Keith B. (March 2015). "On the use (and misuse?) of the
Edinburgh Handedness Inventory".
23:. The human brain's control of motor function is a mirror image in terms of connectivity; the left hemisphere controls the right hand and vice versa. This theoretically means that the hemisphere
187:. However, this brain region has been found to be more bilateral in left-handers; that is the left fusiform gyrus responds more to faces in left-handers than in right-handers. However the
67:
has also been found to be larger in left-handers. This is theoretically so that language comprehension and production can more efficiently move from the primary language areas into the
249:
also been related in a work, reporting a sample of 5% of crossed left-handedness into a population of 57 left-handedness (5-6%) and found possibly associated with emotions and
130:
which is centralised. The presence of the RS+ gene promotes left-hemispheric dominance, in turn introducing a right-handedness bias which shifts the curve towards the right.
100:
Handedness correlates in motor areas have been found to be more subtle and less pronounced than language areas, but are nevertheless still detectable.
31:
hemisphere, however this is not always the case and there are numerous other factors which contribute in complex ways to physical hand preference.
920:
Pitcher, David; Walsh, Vincent; Duchaine, Bradley (April 2011). "The role of the occipital face area in the cortical face perception network".
504:
Aboitiz, Francisco; Scheibel, Arnold B.; Fisher, Robin S.; Zaidel, Eran (December 1992). "Fiber composition of the human corpus callosum".
1136:
Raine, A.; Stoddard, J.; Bihrle, S.; Buchsbaum, M. (1998). "Prefrontal glucose deficits in murderers lacking psychosocial deprivation".
847:
820:
681:
429:
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270:
206:
837:
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Sapolsky, R.M. (2004). "Colateralization of Broca's area and the visual word form area in left-handers: fMRI evidence".
1089:"Understanding and Confronting Our Mistakes: The Epidemiology of Error in Radiology and Strategies for Error Reduction"
419:
236:
unveil true causal relationships between structural differences and their manifestation in the form of handedness.
224:
1414:
1163:
Raine, A. (2002). "Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults: a review".
329:"Quantifying cerebral asymmetries for language in dextrals and adextrals with random-effects meta analysis"
707:
1419:
1409:
1257:"Gray matter asymmetry in the orbitofrontal cortex in relation to psychopathic traits in adolescents"
984:
973:"Handedness is related to neural mechanisms underlying hemispheric lateralization of face processing"
564:
555:
Witelson, S. F. (1985-08-16). "The brain connection: the corpus callosum is larger in left-handers".
282:
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1208:"Neuropsychiatry of frontal lobe dysfunction in violent and criminal behaviour: a critical review"
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1325:"Colateralization of Broca's area and the visual word form area in left-handers: fMRI evidence"
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classified as ambidextrous in another; leading to difficulties in comparison between the two.
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or not left-hemisphered left handers suffer any language or writing deficits because of this.
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is an area typically unilaterally, much like the language areas, and localized on the right
85:
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147:
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445:
Ocklenburg, Sebastian; Garland, Alexis; Ströckens, Felix; Uber
Reinert, Anelisie (2015).
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Frässle, Stefan; Krach, Sören; Paulus, Frieder Michel; Jansen, Andreas (2016-06-02).
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Bache, M.A.B.; Naranjo-Orellana, J. (2014). "Laterality and Sports
Performance".
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also mirrored developmental right-hand dominant individuals in the forced group.
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1049:
155:
28:
63:
Because the left arm is controlled by the right hemisphere and vice versa, the
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1176:
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Toga, Arthur W.; Thompson, Paul M. (January 2003). "Mapping brain asymmetry".
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An estimated 90% of the world's human population consider themselves to be
1223:
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592:
533:
764:"Mapping dexterity and handedness: recent insights and future challenges"
310:
168:
1087:
Bruno, Michael A.; Walker, Eric A.; Abujudeh, Hani H. (October 2015).
996:
865:"The anatomical and functional specialization of the fusiform gyrus"
628:
253:, as well as to the emergence of need/lack of self-regulation.)
762:
Andersen, Kasper
Winther; Siebner, Hartwig Roman (2018-04-01).
271:"Fifty centuries of right-handedness: the historical record"
1138:
Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and
Behavioral Neurology
386:
Carey, David P. (2016), "Broca's and
Wernicke's Areas",
27:
to the dominant hand tends to be more dominant than the
447:"Investigating the neural architecture of handedness"
390:, Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–6,
388:Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science
227:due to the number of comparisons which they make.
421:Introduction to Neuropsychology, Second Edition
670:; Crews, David; McCarthy, Margaret M. (2002).
121:in 1972, which states that language areas and
863:Weiner, Kevin S.; Zilles, Karl (March 2016).
8:
327:Carey, David P.; Johnstone, Leah T. (2014).
240:Frontal Right/Left Areas and Psychopathology
16:Overview of the neuroanatomy of handedness
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1255:Lam, B.Y.H.; Huang, Y.; Gao, Y. (2021).
261:
881:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.033
768:Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences
757:
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7:
1323:Van der Haegen, L.; Cai, Q. (2012).
610:
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322:
320:
269:Coren, S.; Porac, C. (1977-11-11).
839:Neuropsychology of Left-Handedness
418:Beaumont, J. Graham (2008-05-21).
14:
1273:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.003
1212:J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry
396:10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_3339-1
1261:Journal of Psychiatric Research
836:Herron, Jeannine (2012-12-02).
1206:Brower, M.; Price, B. (2001).
805:Handedness and Brain Asymmetry
207:Edinburgh Handedness Inventory
1:
803:Annett, Marian (2001-12-20).
781:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.12.020
518:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90178-c
1341:10.1016/j.bandl.2011.11.004
1050:10.1016/j.bandc.2015.01.003
922:Experimental Brain Research
617:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
1436:
167:basal ganglia such as the
117:Marian Annett devised the
1382:Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond
934:10.1007/s00221-011-2579-1
88:is a brain region within
35:Language and speech areas
1165:J. Abnorm. Child Psychol
673:Behavioral Endocrinology
464:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00148
346:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01128
1177:10.1023/A:1015754122318
577:10.1126/science.4023705
451:Frontiers in Psychology
333:Frontiers in Psychology
231:Complexity of causality
722:10.1006/nimg.2001.0857
295:10.1126/science.335510
205:challenging task. The
1224:10.1136/jnnp.71.6.720
1106:10.1148/rg.2015150023
813:10.4324/9780203759646
1329:Brain & Language
218:Conflicting evidence
200:Handedness inventory
1038:Brain and Cognition
989:2016NatSR...627153F
569:1985Sci...229..665W
287:1977Sci...198..631C
189:occipital face area
146:which connects the
140:corticospinal tract
134:Corticospinal tract
1306:Arch. Med. Deporte
977:Scientific Reports
668:Breedlove, S. Marc
424:. Guilford Press.
181:Fusiform Face area
119:Right Shift Theory
113:Right shift theory
71:which control the
997:10.1038/srep27153
666:Becker, Jill B.;
563:(4714): 665–668.
281:(4317): 631–632.
162:Forced handedness
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1335:(3): 171–178.
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1308:(in Spanish).
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1388:: 1787–1796.
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842:. Elsevier.
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90:Broca's Area
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52:Broca's area
47:unilaterally
38:
21:right-handed
18:
774:: 123–129.
156:spinal cord
96:Motor areas
69:motor areas
29:ipsilateral
1405:Handedness
1399:Categories
1144:(1): 1–7.
700:NeuroImage
257:References
1267:: 84–96.
1115:0271-5333
1058:1090-2147
1044:: 44–51.
1005:2045-2322
983:: 27153.
942:1432-1106
889:0028-3932
875:: 48–62.
790:2352-1546
730:1053-8119
708:CiteSeerX
637:1471-003X
585:0036-8075
526:0006-8993
473:1664-1078
355:1664-1078
303:0036-8075
1359:22196742
1291:33068818
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1123:26466178
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1023:27250879
950:21318346
907:26119921
746:16235256
738:11506541
653:15867592
645:12511860
491:25717316
373:25408673
339:: 1128.
40:Language
1367:4847527
1282:7736323
1233:1737651
1150:9560822
1014:4890016
985:Bibcode
958:6321920
898:4714959
593:4023705
565:Bibcode
557:Science
542:2378539
534:1486477
482:4323997
457:: 148.
364:4219560
283:Bibcode
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