423:
360:
volume level snapshots implementation requires that storage space be allocated in advance. Next3 uses
Dynamically provisioned snapshots, meaning it does not require pre-allocation of storage space for snapshots, instead allocating space as it is needed. Storage space is conserved by sharing unchanged
377:
with the earlier ext3, all of the on-disk structures are identical to those of ext3. The file system can be mounted for read by existing ext3 implementations with no modification. Because of that, Next3, like ext3, lacks a number of features of more recent designs, such as
347:
version of the file system to be maintained. Next3 snapshots are created quickly, since all the data composing the snapshot is already stored; they are also space efficient, since any unchanged data is shared among the file system and its snapshots.
390:
When there are no snapshots, Next3 performance is equivalent to ext3 performance. With snapshots, there is a minor overhead per write of metadata block (copy-on-write) and a smaller overhead (~1%) per write of data block (move-on-write).
1897:
613:
588:
541:
404:
428:
206:
No-atime, append-only, synchronous-write, no-dump, h-tree (directory), immutable, journal, secure-delete, top (directory), allow-undelete
1845:
1320:
1835:
1006:
815:
1457:
1123:
845:
805:
477:/2. The default was deemed sufficient for most applications. The max number of subdirectories in one directory is fixed to 32000.
465:
The maximum number of inodes (and hence the maximum number of files and directories) is set when the file system is created. If
322:. Versioning file systems like Next3 can internally track old versions of files and make snapshots available through a special
1907:
902:
1840:
1256:
830:
1761:
1609:
1541:
835:
642:
408:
344:
295:
237:
1892:
1646:
1636:
1626:
1018:
608:
581:
446:
506:
1711:
1564:
1467:
1412:
1287:
1143:
912:
1810:
1766:
1748:
1447:
1437:
892:
315:
211:
1902:
1656:
1621:
1559:
1038:
858:
722:
652:
357:
283:
1792:
1701:
1651:
1594:
1340:
1310:
1261:
1213:
1113:
1086:
963:
853:
766:
657:
574:
379:
520:
1866:
1827:
1641:
1371:
1360:
1335:
1272:
976:
793:
783:
739:
704:
441:
299:
72:
68:
1871:
1817:
1756:
1345:
1013:
954:
870:
374:
343:
is that when Next3 writes new data, the blocks containing the old data can be retained, allowing a
219:
545:
100:
bitmap (free space), table (metadata), snapshots are allocated as files from the volume free space
1861:
1723:
1686:
1599:
1325:
1315:
1300:
1241:
1071:
734:
727:
714:
667:
370:
249:
63:
22:
1676:
1616:
1452:
1138:
1108:
1100:
969:
865:
840:
662:
89:
1696:
1604:
1402:
1052:
996:
685:
266:
1805:
1718:
1226:
620:
1706:
1691:
1631:
809:
680:
298:
support, yet retains compatibility to the ext3 on-disk format. Next3 is implemented as
57:
27:
1886:
1736:
1681:
1355:
1295:
1154:
340:
319:
1800:
1508:
1096:
1063:
1001:
981:
49:
1498:
597:
399:
As of 2011, Next4, a project for porting of Next3 snapshot capabilities to the
1776:
1574:
418:
403:
file system, is mostly completed. The porting is attributed to members of the
1731:
1472:
1350:
1081:
949:
944:
323:
469:
is the volume size in bytes, then the default number of inodes is given by
1549:
1493:
1462:
1251:
1076:
932:
825:
778:
672:
137:
126:
122:
1503:
1477:
1304:
937:
907:
798:
754:
436:
1513:
1422:
1417:
1221:
922:
473:/2 (or the number of blocks, whichever is less), and the minimum by
182:
modification (mtime), attribute modification (ctime), access (atime)
493:
1771:
1569:
1554:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1432:
1427:
1365:
1246:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1128:
1118:
1023:
991:
885:
880:
771:
699:
647:
287:
271:
1442:
1407:
1397:
1392:
1330:
1266:
1236:
1231:
1167:
1162:
1133:
1042:
1033:
986:
927:
897:
788:
759:
749:
744:
709:
691:
558:
400:
291:
570:
566:
1048:
1028:
917:
819:
303:
222:
and arbitrary security attributes (Linux 2.6 and later)
1854:
1826:
1791:
1747:
1665:
1587:
1540:
1486:
1381:
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1212:
1152:
1095:
1062:
629:
263:
258:
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236:
226:
210:
202:
194:
186:
178:
173:
163:
155:
143:
132:
117:
112:
104:
96:
84:
79:
56:
33:
21:
521:"CTERA Adds Data Protection to Linux File Systems"
361:data among the file system and its snapshots.
582:
8:
16:
1898:File systems supported by the Linux kernel
1669:
1385:
1149:
635:
589:
575:
567:
15:
487:
485:
483:
458:
352:Dynamically Provisioned Snapshots Space
244:No (provided at the block device level)
405:Pune Institute of Computer Technology
7:
429:Free and open-source software portal
318:copy of the file system frozen at a
190:December 14, 1901 – January 18, 2038
151:Variable, allocated at creation time
69:EBD0A0A2-B9E5-4433-87C0-68B6B72699C7
14:
421:
145:
1:
519:Shread, Paul (June 8, 2010).
302:software, licensed under the
169:All bytes except NULL and '/'
369:Since Next3 aims to be both
1762:Filesystem-level encryption
509:. The H Open. June 11, 2010
409:Chinese Academy of Sciences
39:; 14 years ago
1924:
609:Comparison of file systems
559:NEXT3 Filesystem Home Page
507:Next3: Ext3 with snapshots
447:Comparison of file systems
1672:
1388:
638:
604:
1712:Extended file attributes
1413:Compact Disc File System
1811:Installable File System
859:TiVo Media File System
723:Encrypting File System
494:"The Next3 filesystem"
358:Logical Volume Manager
356:The traditional Linux
284:journaling file system
92:with dir_index enabled
1908:Computer file systems
854:Macintosh File System
1867:GUID Partition Table
1214:Distributed parallel
962:Shared File System (
442:List of file systems
1872:Apple Partition Map
1818:Virtual file system
1757:Access-control list
871:NetWare File System
375:backward compatible
156:Max filename length
18:
1862:Master Boot Record
1687:Data deduplication
1326:Google File System
1242:Google File System
728:Extent File System
690:Byte File System (
492:Corbet, Jonathan.
250:Data deduplication
218:Unix permissions,
85:Directory contents
1893:Disk file systems
1880:
1879:
1787:
1786:
1677:Case preservation
1583:
1582:
1282:
1281:
1208:
1207:
970:Smart File System
277:
276:
267:operating systems
1915:
1697:Execute in place
1670:
1403:Boot File System
1386:
1150:
686:Boot File System
636:
591:
584:
577:
568:
561:
556:
550:
549:
544:. Archived from
538:
532:
531:
529:
527:
516:
510:
504:
498:
497:
489:
478:
463:
431:
426:
425:
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339:An advantage of
314:A snapshot is a
164:Allowed filename
147:
47:
45:
40:
19:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1850:
1822:
1806:File system API
1783:
1743:
1719:File change log
1661:
1637:Record-oriented
1610:Self-certifying
1579:
1536:
1482:
1377:
1278:
1204:
1148:
1091:
1058:
631:
625:
621:Unix filesystem
600:
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422:
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417:
407:(PICT) and the
397:
388:
367:
354:
337:
332:
312:
265:
239:
228:
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195:Date resolution
165:
118:Max volume size
97:File allocation
67:
43:
41:
38:
12:
11:
5:
1921:
1919:
1911:
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1900:
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1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1846:Log-structured
1843:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1797:
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1788:
1785:
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1782:
1781:
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1779:
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1764:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1749:Access control
1745:
1744:
1742:
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1739:
1734:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1707:File attribute
1704:
1699:
1694:
1692:Data scrubbing
1689:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1647:Steganographic
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1627:Log-structured
1624:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1591:
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1580:
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1405:
1400:
1395:
1389:
1383:
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1358:
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1338:
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1011:
1010:
1009:
1004:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
973:
972:
967:
957:
952:
950:Reliance Nitro
947:
942:
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920:
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910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
889:
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873:
868:
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862:
861:
856:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
813:
810:Classic Mac OS
803:
802:
801:
791:
786:
781:
776:
775:
774:
764:
763:
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757:
752:
747:
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712:
707:
702:
697:
696:
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688:
683:
681:Be File System
675:
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618:
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601:
596:
594:
593:
586:
579:
571:
563:
562:
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548:on 2012-07-05.
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184:
183:
180:
179:Dates recorded
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60:
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35:
31:
30:
28:CTERA Networks
25:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1920:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1903:2010 software
1901:
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1836:Cryptographic
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1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1682:Copy-on-write
1680:
1678:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1658:
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1507:
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1502:
1500:
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1471:
1469:
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1401:
1399:
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1387:
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1369:
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1309:
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1302:
1299:
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1289:
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1275:
1274:
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1268:
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1260:
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1235:
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1220:
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1217:
1215:
1211:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1155:wear leveling
1151:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
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993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
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978:
975:
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968:
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849:
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839:
837:
834:
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829:
827:
824:
821:
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811:
807:
804:
800:
797:
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790:
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777:
773:
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769:
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758:
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751:
748:
746:
743:
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741:
738:
736:
733:
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724:
721:
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628:
622:
619:
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612:
611:
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606:
603:
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592:
587:
585:
580:
578:
573:
572:
569:
560:
555:
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543:
537:
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522:
515:
512:
508:
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500:
495:
488:
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476:
472:
468:
462:
459:
452:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
430:
419:
414:
412:
410:
406:
402:
394:
392:
385:
383:
381:
376:
372:
365:Compatibility
364:
362:
359:
351:
349:
346:
342:
341:copy-on-write
334:
329:
327:
325:
321:
320:point in time
317:
309:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
273:
270:
268:
262:
257:
253:
251:
247:
243:
241:
235:
231:
225:
221:
217:
215:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
168:
162:
158:
154:
150:
142:
139:
135:
133:Max file size
131:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
90:hashed B-tree
87:
83:
78:
74:
70:
65:
61:
59:
58:Partition IDs
55:
51:
37:May 2010
36:
32:
29:
26:
24:
20:
1801:File manager
1370:
1271:
1097:Flash memory
1064:Optical disc
1002:soft updates
982:Soup (Apple)
875:
632:non-rotating
598:File systems
554:
546:the original
536:
524:. Retrieved
514:
502:
474:
470:
466:
461:
398:
389:
368:
355:
338:
313:
279:
278:
23:Developer(s)
1767:Permissions
1382:Specialized
614:distributed
542:"Next3 FAQ"
386:Performance
300:open-source
294:which adds
238:Transparent
229:compression
227:Transparent
214:permissions
212:File system
1887:Categories
1793:Interfaces
1777:Sticky bit
1657:Versioning
1622:Journaling
1565:Rubberhose
1361:SMB (CIFS)
1153:host-side
453:References
310:Background
240:encryption
203:Attributes
187:Date range
166:characters
105:Bad blocks
80:Structures
34:Introduced
1652:Synthetic
1595:Clustered
1542:Encrypted
1473:OverlayFS
1082:ISO 13490
658:Amiga OFS
653:Amiga FFS
335:Snapshots
324:namespace
316:read-only
306:license.
296:snapshots
290:based on
264:Supported
159:254 bytes
1737:Symbolic
1666:Features
1642:Semantic
1550:eCryptfs
1494:configfs
1463:SquashFS
1351:POHMELFS
1252:OrangeFS
1077:ISO 9660
997:UFS/UFS2
945:Reliance
933:ReiserFS
779:Files-11
673:bcachefs
630:Disk and
415:See also
345:snapshot
330:Features
174:Features
148:of files
1855:Layouts
1841:Default
1504:debugfs
1478:UnionFS
1372:more...
1305:OpenAFS
1273:more...
938:Reiser4
908:OpenZFS
799:HAMMER2
755:ext3cow
735:Episode
437:ext3cow
380:extents
371:forward
88:Table,
44:2010-05
42: (
1728:Links
1702:Extent
1632:Object
1600:Global
1518:specfs
1514:procfs
1509:kernfs
1487:Pseudo
1468:UMSDOS
1423:Davfs2
1418:cramfs
1356:Hadoop
1336:Lustre
1222:BeeGFS
1188:NILFS2
923:QNX4FS
886:NILFS2
794:HAMMER
784:Fossil
526:9 June
496:. LWN.
113:Limits
62:0x83 (
1828:Lists
1772:Modes
1617:Flash
1588:Types
1570:SSHFS
1555:EncFS
1532:WinFS
1527:tmpfs
1522:sysfs
1499:devfs
1433:FTPFS
1428:EROFS
1366:SSHFS
1247:OCFS2
1200:UBIFS
1195:YAFFS
1183:NILFS
1178:LogFS
1173:JFFS2
1129:EROFS
1119:exFAT
1024:Xiafs
1007:WAPBL
992:UBIFS
903:OneFS
881:NILFS
876:Next3
866:MINIX
772:exFAT
700:Btrfs
668:AthFS
648:AdvFS
395:Next4
288:Linux
282:is a
280:Next3
272:Linux
259:Other
125:– 16
108:Table
50:Linux
48:with
17:Next3
1732:Hard
1724:Fork
1605:Grid
1458:MVFS
1453:NOVA
1448:LTFS
1443:Lnfs
1438:FUSE
1408:CDfs
1398:AXFS
1393:Aufs
1331:GPFS
1316:Coda
1267:Xsan
1257:PVFS
1237:GFS2
1232:CXFS
1227:Ceph
1168:JFFS
1163:CHFS
1144:NVFS
1134:F2FS
1124:TFAT
1109:APFS
1099:and
1043:z/OS
1034:Xsan
1019:WAFL
1014:VxFS
987:Tux3
977:SNFS
959:SFS
928:ReFS
898:NTFS
850:MFS
836:HTFS
831:HPFS
826:HFS+
789:GPFS
760:ext4
750:ext3
745:ext2
719:EFS
710:CXFS
705:CVFS
692:z/VM
677:BFS
663:APFS
643:ADFS
528:2010
401:Ext4
373:and
292:ext3
286:for
220:ACLs
144:Max
1575:ZFS
1560:EFS
1346:NFS
1341:NCP
1321:DFS
1311:AFP
1301:AFS
1288:NAS
1262:QFS
1139:JFS
1114:FAT
1101:SSD
1087:UDF
1072:HSF
1053:Sun
1049:ZFS
1039:zFS
1029:XFS
955:RFS
918:QFS
913:PFS
893:NSS
846:LFS
841:JFS
820:MVS
816:HFS
806:HFS
767:FAT
740:ext
715:DFS
304:GPL
146:no.
73:GPT
64:MBR
52:2.6
1889::
1296:9P
964:VM
482:^
411:.
382:.
326:.
254:No
232:No
198:1s
138:TB
136:2
127:TB
123:TB
121:2
1307:)
1303:(
1055:)
1051:(
1045:)
1041:(
966:)
822:)
818:(
812:)
808:(
694:)
590:e
583:t
576:v
530:.
475:V
471:V
467:V
75:)
71:(
66:)
46:)
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