Windows Vista networking technologies

962:(QoS) functionality to prioritize network traffic. Quality of service can be used to manage network usage by specific applications or users, by throttling the bandwidth available to them, or it can be used to limit bandwidth usage by other applications when high priority applications, such as real time conferencing applications, are being run, to ensure they get the bandwidth they need. Traffic throttling can also be used to prevent large data transfer operations from using up all the available bandwidth. QoS policies can be confined by application executable name, folder path, source and destination IPv4 or IPv6 addresses, source and destination TCP or UDP ports or a range of ports. In Windows Vista, QoS policies can be applied to any application at the 893:

the router sets two bits in the data packets that indicate to the receiver it is experiencing congestion (but not yet fully choked). The receiver in turn lets the sender know that a router is facing congestion and then the sender lowers its transmission rate by some amount. If the router is still congested, it will set the bits again, and eventually the sender will slow down even more. The advantage of this approach is that the router does not get full enough to drop packets, and thus the sender does not have to lower the transmission rate significantly to cause serious delays in time-sensitive streams; nor does it risk severe under-utilization of bandwidth. Without ECN, the only way routers can tell hosts anything is by dropping packets. ECN is like

864:– which specifies the number of outstanding packets that has been transmitted but for which an acknowledgement of receipt from the receiver has not yet been received. As acknowledgements are received, the congestion window is expanded, one TCP segment at a time till an acknowledgement fails to arrive. Then the sender assumes that with the congestion window size of that instant, the network gets congested. However, a high bandwidth network can sustain a quite large congestion window without choking up. The slow start algorithm can take quite some time to reach that threshold – leaving the network under-utilized for a significant time. 897:, except that the packets are marked instead of dropped. The only caveat is that both sender and receiver, as well as all intermediate routers, have to be ECN-friendly. Any router along the way can prevent the use of ECN if it considers ECN-marked packets invalid and drops them (or more typically the whole connection setup fails because of a piece of network equipment that drops connection setup packets with ECN flags set). Routers that don't know about ECN can still drop packets normally, but there is some ECN-hostile network equipment on the Internet. For this reason, ECN is disabled by default. It can be enabled via the 1046:. At the same time, it uses QoS probes to make sure the network has enough bandwidth to support the stream. If the conditions are met, the stream is allowed, and prioritized so that other applications do not eat into its share of bandwidth. However, environmental factors can affect the reception of the wireless signals, which can reduce the bandwidth, even if no other stream is allowed to access the reserved bandwidth. Due to this, qWave continuously monitors the available bandwidth, and if it decreases, the application is informed, creating a 1169:

a response is received and negotiation completes, subsequent communications are protected. This eliminates the need to set up IPsec filters for exemptions for the set of hosts that do not or cannot support IPsec, allows setting up required incoming protected initiated communication and optional outgoing communication. IPsec also allows securing traffic between domain controllers and member computers, while still allowing clear text for domain joins and other communication types. IPsec protected domain joins are allowed if using

1333:) peer networking feature allows an IPv6-connected machine to obtain a custom or unique domain name. If the computer is connected to the Internet, users can specify a secured or unsecured host name for their computer from a console command, without requiring to register a domain name and configuring a dynamic DNS. WICN can be used in any application that accepts an IP address or DNS name; PNRP performs all the domain name resolution at the peer-to-peer level. 428: 1228:, which allows external applications to access and hook into the packet processing pipeline of the networking subsystem. WFP allows incoming and outgoing packets to be filtered, analyzed or modified at several layers of the TCP/IP protocol stack. Because WFP has an inbuilt filtering engine, applications need not write any custom engine, they just need to provide the custom logic for the engine to use. WFP includes a 4010: 1061:(AP) needs to be QoS-enabled, supporting bandwidth reservation. It can also work without QoS-aware APs; however, since qWave cannot reserve bandwidth in this case, it has to depend on the application to adapt the stream based on the available bandwidth, which not only will be affected by network conditions, but other data in the network as well. qWave is also available for other devices as a part of the 1206:, incorrect DNS and default gateway settings, gateway failure, port in use or blocked, receiver not ready, DHCP service not running, NetBIOS over TCP/IP name resolution failure etc. Transmission errors are also exhaustively logged, which can be analyzed to better find the cause of error. Windows Vista has a greater awareness of the network topology the host computer is in, using technologies such as 1027:), which is a pre-configured quality of service module for time dependent multimedia data, such as audio or video streams. qWave uses different packet priority schemes for real-time flows (such as multimedia packets) and best-effort flows (such as file downloads or e-mails) to ensure that real-time data gets as little delays as possible, while providing a high quality channel for other data packets. 1273:(PNRP v2), as well as a set of Peer Distributed Routing Table, Peer Graphing, Peer Grouping, Peer Naming, and Peer Identity Management APIs are introduced. Contacts can be created and administered with the new peer-to-peer subsystem—serverless presence allows users to manage real-time presence information and track the presence of other registered users across a subnet or the Internet. A new 657:. The ACM is extensible, so developers can incorporate additional wireless functionality (such as automatic wireless roaming) and override the automatic configuration and connection logic without affecting the built-in framework. It is easier to find wireless networks in range and tell which networks are open and which are closed. Hidden wireless networks, which do not advertise their name ( 4021: 515:. When a network is first connected to, Windows Vista prompts to choose the correct network type. On subsequent connections to the network, the service is used to gain information on which network is connected to and automatically switch to the network configuration for the connected network. Windows Vista introduces a concept of network profiles. For each network, the system stores the 226: 1054:

requested, the cache is looked up. qWave also serializes creation of multiple simultaneous streams, even across devices, so that probes sent for one stream are not interfered by others. qWave uses client side buffers to keep transmission rate within range of the slowest part in the network, so that the access point buffers are not overwhelmed, thus reducing packet loss.

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profile support. It also provides RFCOMM support using sockets besides virtual COM ports. KB942567 called Windows Vista Feature Pack for Wireless adds Bluetooth 2.1+EDR support and remote wake from S3 or S4 support for self-powered Bluetooth modules. This feature pack while initially only available to OEMs, was eventually included in Windows Vista Service Pack 2.

1510:(SMB) protocol was introduced with Windows Vista. It has a number of changes to improve performance and add additional capabilities. Windows Vista and later operating systems use SMB 2.0 when communicating with other machines running Windows Vista or later. SMB 1.0 continues in use for connections to any previous version of Windows, or to 1004: 448:(NLA) service uniquely identifies each network and exposes the network's attributes and connectivity type so that applications can determine the optimal network configuration. However, applications have to use the NLA APIs explicitly to be aware of the network connectivity changes, and adapt accordingly. Windows Vista uses the 1202:(MIB)-II and better system event logging and tracing. The Vista TCP/IP stack also supports ESTATS which defines extended performance statistics for TCP and can help in determining the cause of network performance bottlenecks. Windows Vista can inform the user of most causes of network transmission failure, such as incorrect 1298:. Each peer in the overlay network corresponds to a node in the graph. All the nodes in a graph share book-keeping information responsible for the functioning of the network as a whole. For example, in a distributed resource management network, which node has what resource needs to be shared. Such information is shared as 1302:, which are flooded to all the peers in a graph. Each peer stores the Record to a local database. A Record consists of a header and a body. The body contains data specific to the application that is using the API; the header contains metadata to describe the data in the body as name-value pairs serialized using 1352:) is a peer-to-peer service designed to simplify communication and collaboration among users connected to the same subnet. People Near Me is used by Windows Meeting Space for collaboration and contact discovery. People Near Me was listed as part of Microsoft's mobile platform strategy as revealed during the 1240:, where applications providing the custom processing logic can be hooked up. WFP can be put to uses such as inspecting packets for malware, selective packet restriction, such as in firewalls, or providing custom encryption systems, among others. Upon its initial release WFP was plagued with bugs including 1140:

servers which will provide it with the latest updates. Once the updates are installed, the computer is granted access to the network. However, Windows Vista can only be a NAP client, i.e., a client computer which connects to a NAP enabled network. Health policy and verification servers have to be running

653:, and does not emulate wired connections, as was the case with previous versions of Windows. This allows implementation of wireless-specific features such as larger frame sizes and optimized error recovery procedures. Native Wifi is exposed by Auto Configuration Module (ACM) which replaces Windows XP's 1943: 1528:

Remote Differential Compression (RDC) is a client-server synchronization protocol allows data to be synchronized with a remote source using compression techniques to minimize the amount of data sent across the network. It synchronizes files by calculating and transferring only the differences between

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authentication to log into the domain. A bootstrap wireless profile can also be created on the wireless client, which first authenticates the computer to the wireless network and joins the network. At this stage, the machine still does not have any access to the domain resources. The machine will run

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Prior to Windows Vista, setting up and maintaining IPsec policy configuration in many scenarios required setting up a set of rules for protection and another set of rules for traffic exemptions. IPsec nodes in Windows Vista communicate while simultaneously negotiating protected communications and if

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Traffic processing in both IPv4 and IPv6 can be offloaded. Windows Vista also supports NetDMA, which uses the DMA engine to allow processors to be freed from the hassles of moving data between network card data buffers and application buffers. It requires specific hardware DMA architectures, such as

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as low as possible. Without ECN, a TCP message segment is dropped by some router when its buffer is full. Hosts get no notice of building congestion until packets start being dropped. The sender detects the segment did not reach the destination; but due to lack of feedback from the congested router,

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command-line tool to prevent contradictory rules and offer simplified configuration along with an authenticating firewall. Advanced firewall filtering rules (exceptions) and IPsec policies can be set up such as by domain, public, and private profiles, source and destination IP addresses, IP address

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domain. Only the computers which are in the same logical network partition will be able to access the resources in the domain. Even though other systems may be physically on the same network, unless they are in the same logical partition, they won't be able to access partitioned resources. A system

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API allows socket applications to directly control security of their traffic over a network (such as providing security policy and requirements for traffic, querying security settings) rather than having to add extra code to support a secure connection. Computers running Windows Vista can be a part

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and only additive increase produce stable network behaviour, letting routers recover from congestion. However, the dropping of packets has noticeable impacts on time-sensitive streams like streaming media, because it takes time for the drop to be noticed and retransmitted. With ECN support enabled,

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and other network features specific to the network in that network's profile. So when that network is subsequently connected to, the settings need not be reconfigured, the ones saved in its profile are used. In the case of mobile machines, the network profiles are chosen automatically based on what

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besides the user-mode programming interface, which enables third parties to add support for additional Bluetooth Profiles such as SCO, SDP, and L2CAP. This was lacking in the Windows XP Service Pack 2 built-in Bluetooth stack, which had to be entirely replaced by a third-party stack for additional

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for authenticating with a health certificate, Network Diagnostics Framework support for failed IPsec negotiation, new IPsec performance counters, and improved detection of cluster node failure and faster renegotiation of security associations. There is support for stronger algorithms for main mode

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system to offload to such cards framing, routing, error-correction and acknowledgement and retransmission jobs required in TCP. However, for application compatibility, only TCP data transfer functionality is offloaded to the NIC, not TCP connection setup. This will remove some load from the CPU.

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size boosts throughput in such situations; an auto-adjusting RWIN tries to keep the throughput rate as high as is permissible by the bandwidth of the link. Receive window auto tuning functionality continually monitors the bandwidth and the latency of TCP connections individually and optimize the

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for the outstanding data. When the receive window is too small, the remote transmitter will frequently find that it has hit the limit of how much outstanding data it can transmit, even though there is enough bandwidth available to transmit more data. This leads to incomplete link utilization. So

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support has been enhanced with logged installations and removals, a new API for reliably installing LSPs, a command to reliably remove LSPs, facilities to categorize LSPs and to remove most LSPs from the processing path for system critical services and support for Network Diagnostics Framework.

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Another planned feature in Windows Vista would have provided a new domain-like networking setup known as a Castle, but this did not make it into the release. Castle would have made it possible to have an identification service, which provides user authentication, for all members on the network,

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authentication settings, specified by the network administrator. It will be granted full access to the network only when the criteria are met, failing which it may be either denied access to the network or granted limited access only to certain resources. It may optionally be granted access to

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uses LLTD to determine connectivity information and media type (wired or wireless), so that the map is topologically accurate. The ability to know network topology is important for diagnosing and solving networking problems, and for streaming content over a network connection. Any device can

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For probing the quality of the network, probe packets are sent to the source and statistics (such as round trip time, loss, latency jitter etc.) of their path analyzed and the results are cached. The probe is repeated after specific time intervals to update the cache. Whenever the stream is

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The user interface for configuring, troubleshooting and working with network connections has changed significantly from prior versions of Windows as well. Users can make use of the new "Network and Sharing Center" to see the status of their network connections, and to access every aspect of

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In previous versions of Windows, all processing needed to receive or transfer data over one network interface was done by a single processor, even in a multi processor system. With supported network interface adapters, Windows Vista can distribute the job of traffic processing in network

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updates) from peers on the same subnet, receive notifications when a file is downloaded, access the temporary file while the download is in progress, and control HTTP redirects. This saves bandwidth on the network and reduces performance load on the server. BITS 3.0 also uses

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as has been set by the administrator of the network. With NAP enabled on a network, when a Windows Vista computer attempts to join a network, it is verified that the computer is up-to-date with security updates, virus signatures and other factors, including configuration of

1306:, in addition to author and version information. It can also contain an index of the body data, for fast searching. A node can connect to other nodes directly as well, for communication that need not be shared with the entire Graph. The API also allows creation of a secure 1558:

tab is no longer available as it is no longer necessary). In Windows Vista, users can now filter, group, and sort Bluetooth devices by their properties; scale device icons; and search for connected or paired devices. New properties introduced for Bluetooth devices include

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stack also provides fail-back support for default gateway changes by periodically attempting to send TCP traffic through a previously detected unavailable gateway. This can provide faster throughput by sending traffic through the primary default gateway on the subnet.

942:, meant to improve networking performance in all applications. It is not enabled by default in the pre-Service Pack 1 version of Windows Vista, but enabled in SP1 and Windows Server 2008. It uses a different algorithm to modify the congestion window – borrowing from 1114:, thus compartmentalizing the network according to the user's needs, so that data from one segment would not go into another. This feature however was removed before the release of Windows Vista, and is slated to be included possibly in a future release of Windows. 1030:

qWave is intended to ensure real-time transport of multimedia networks within a wireless network. qWave supports multiple simultaneous multimedia as well as data streams. qWave does not depend solely on bandwidth reservation schemes, as provided by

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Windows Vista's networking stack also uses several performance optimizations, which allow higher throughput by allowing faster recovery from packet losses, when using a high packet loss environment such as wireless networks. Windows Vista uses the

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is now supported by all networking components and services. The Windows Vista DNS client can use IPv6 transport. Internet Explorer in Windows Vista and other applications that use WinINet (Windows Mail, file sharing) support literal IPv6 addresses

209:, as well as a complete overhaul of IPv4. The new TCP/IP stack uses a new method to store configuration settings that enables more dynamic control and does not require a computer restart after a change in settings. The new stack, implemented as a 797:) algorithm which allows a sender to send more data while retrying in case it receives a partial acknowledgement, which is acknowledgement from the receiver for only a part of data that has been received. It also uses Selective Acknowledgements ( 1529:

them on-the-fly. Therefore, RDC is suitable for efficient synchronization of files that have been updated independently, or when network bandwidth is small or in scenarios where the files are large but the differences between them are small.

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non real time data), VI (for real time videos) and VO (for real time voice data). When both the wireless access point as well as the wireless NIC supports the WMM profiles, Windows Vista can provide preferential treatment to the data sent.

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it has no information on the extent of reduction in transmission rate it needs to make. Standard TCP implementations detect this drop when they time out waiting for acknowledgement from the receiver. The sender then reduces the size of its

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algorithm to detect how fast it can transmit without choking the receiver (or intermediate nodes). In a nutshell, it specifies that transmission should start at a slow rate, by transmitting a few packets. This number is controlled by the

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range, source and destination TCP and UDP ports, all or multiple ports, specific types of interfaces, ICMP and ICMPv6 traffic by Type and Code, services, edge traversal, IPsec protection state and specified users and computers based on

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and is the most restrictive of all network settings. In this mode other computers on the network are not trusted and external access to the computer, including sharing of files and printers, is disabled. A home network is classified as

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is a new technology that serves as an abstraction layer between applications and devices, allowing applications to discover devices by referencing the device's function, rather than by its bus type or the nature of its connection.

2309: 822:(LWF). LWF drivers are a combination of NDIS intermediate drivers and a miniport driver that eliminate the need to write a separate protocol and miniport and have a bypass mode to examine only selected control and data paths. The 1197:

The ability to assist the user in diagnosing a network problem is expected to be a major new networking feature. There is extensive support for runtime diagnostics for both wired and wireless networks, including support for TCP

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6.0 introduced in Windows Vista supports offloading IPv6 traffic and checksum calculations for IPv6, improved manageability, scalability and performance with reduced complexity for NDIS miniports, and simpler models for writing

1981: 838:) specifies how much data a host is prepared to receive, and is limited by, among other things, the available buffer space. In other words, it is a measure of how much data the remote transmitter can send before requiring an 465:

with an icon representing the device, allowing users one-click access to the device's user interface. When LLTD is invoked, it provides metadata about the device that contains static or state information, such as the

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tab. When a device in this tab was selected, the device category, last connection time, MAC address, and type of connection for the selected device were displayed. Devices were always grouped by categories (such as

1314:, consisting of all or a subset of nodes in a Graph. A Group can be shared by multiple applications, unlike a Graph. All peers in a Group must be identifiable by a unique named, registered using PNRP, and have a 1356:

of 2004. People Near Me uses Windows Contacts to manage contact information; by default, a user may receive invitations from all users connected to the same subnet, but a user can designate another user as a

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In order to provide better security when transferring data over a network, Windows Vista provides enhancements to the cryptographic algorithms used to obfuscate data. Support for 256-bit, 384-bit and 512-bit

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a script, stored either on the system or on USB thumb drive, which authenticates it to the domain. Authentication can be done either by using username and password combination or security certificates from a

1444:, server and proxy authentication, automatic handling of redirects and keep-alive connections and HTTP/1.0 protocol, including support for keep-alive (persistent) connections and session cookies. 1283:

to manage and store contact information; the new capabilities allows peers to send application invitations to other peers (ad-hoc collaboration is also supported) without a centralized server.

1210:. With this new network awareness technology, Windows Vista can provide help to the user in fixing network issues or simply provide a graphical view of the perceived network configuration. 637:

protocols. The IPv6 interface ID is randomly generated for permanent autoconfigured IPv6 addresses to prevent determining the MAC address based on known company IDs of NIC manufacturers.

1050:, so that it can adapt the stream to fit into the lower bandwidth range. If more bandwidth is available, qWave automatically reserves it and informs the application of the improvement. 1035:

for providing QoS guarantees, as the bandwidth in a wireless network fluctuates constantly. As a result, it also uses continuous bandwidth monitoring to implement service guarantees.

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configuration. A single icon in the notification area (system tray) represents connectivity through all network adapters, whether wired or wireless. The network can be browsed using

2289: 1971: 950:. For every acknowledgement received, it increases the congestion window more aggressively, thus reaching the peak throughput much faster, increasing overall throughput. 81: 2102: 1420:, the protocol handler for HTTP and FTP handles IPv6 literal addresses, includes support for Gzip and deflate decompression to improve content encoding performance, 1337:

without a centralized server. It would have allowed user credentials to propagate across the peer-to-peer network, making them more suitable for a home network.

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to switch between network types. Different network types have different firewall policies. An open network such as a public wireless network is classified as

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capability in both IPv4 and IPv6, which tracks the accessibility of neighboring nodes. This allows faster error recovery, in case a neighboring node fails.

3040: 1322:(GMC). All Records exchanged are digitally signed. Peers must be invited into a Group. The invitation contains the GMC that enables it to join the group. 3205: 2282: 101: 880:, which is the limit on the amount of data in flight at any time. Multiple packet drops can even result in a reset of the congestion window, to TCP's 66: 966:, thus eliminating the need to rewrite applications using QoS APIs to be QoS-aware. QoS policies can either be set on a per-machine basis or set by 585:). Windows Firewall and the IPsec Policies snap-in support IPv6 addresses as permissible character strings. In IPv6 mode, Windows Vista can use the 96: 2862: 1376: 1370: 1353: 168: 76: 1103:

Host (EAPHost) framework that provides extensibility for authentication methods for commonly used protected network access technologies such as

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to use the service. When the multimedia application requests qWave to initiate a new media stream, qWave tries to reserve bandwidth using

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is the default authentication mode. Connections are made at the most secure connection level supported by the wireless access point.

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service that will allow users to move from one access point to another without loss of connectivity. Preauthentication with the new

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with PPTP. The authentication mechanisms supported are PEAPv0/EAP-MSCHAPv2 (passwords) and PEAP-TLS (smartcards and certificates).

617:, which can be used with IPv6, is also included. IPv6 can even be used when full native IPv6 connectivity is not available, using 2208: 1624: 1433: 1397: 868: 750: 746: 1760: 1412:

has been enhanced to support server-side authentication, logging, IDN hostnames, Event Tracing and better manageability through

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to use the same credentials to join a wireless network as well as the domain housed within the network. In this case, the same

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v2 and if both, the domain controllers and member computers are running Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista respectively.

661:) are better supported. Security for wireless networks is improved with improved support for newer wireless standards like 3065: 1421: 1270: 1260: 1043: 1032: 449: 351: 262: 61: 1854: 4051: 3906: 3775: 3462: 3452: 3326: 3230: 3090: 2447: 2402: 1079: 630: 106: 507:, and it enables file sharing between computers. If the computer is joined to a domain, the network is classified as a 4014: 3382: 3341: 3240: 3095: 2892: 2607: 2557: 1921: 1916: 1476:

programming concepts exist as in user-mode Winsock such as socket, creation, bind, connect, accept, send and receive,

1199: 801:) to reduce the amount of data to be retransmitted in case a portion of the data sent was not received correctly, and 654: 622: 161: 1107:

and PPP. It allows networking vendors to develop and easily install new authentication methods known as EAP methods.

313:(WFP) shims, which allows packets at that layer to be introspected and also host the WFP Callout API. The networking 1599:(SCO) protocol support which is needed for audio profiles. The Windows Vista Bluetooth stack supports a kernel mode 1361:

to enable collaboration across the Internet, to increase security, and to determine the presence of these contacts.

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The Windows Vista Bluetooth stack is improved with support for more hardware IDs, EDR performance improvements,

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and features an infrastructure to enable more modular components that one can dynamically insert and remove.

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connections. Windows Vista can also act as a client/server for file sharing or DCOM over IPv6. Support for

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Kernel (WSK) is a new transport-independent kernel-mode Network Programming Interface (NPI) that provides

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qWave works best if both the source and sink (client) of the multimedia stream are qWave aware. Also, the

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receive window for each connection. The window size is increased in high-bandwidth (~5 Mbit/s+) or

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Control Panel applet introduced with Windows XP was a tabbed window that displayed paired devices on a

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Another significant change that aims to improve network throughput is the automatic resizing of TCP

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client developers with a sockets-like programming model similar to those supported in user-mode

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allow network-connected devices to appear as local devices inside Windows connected physically.

452:(LLTD) protocol to graphically present how different devices are connected over a network, as a 205:, to improve on the previous stack in several ways. The stack includes native implementation of 1110:

A planned feature in the new TCP/IP suite known as "Routing Compartments", utilized a per-user

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Windows Vista enhances security when joining a domain over a wireless network. It can use

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container (a domain, a site or an organizational unit) will enforce the policy settings.

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service allows for the discovery and management of contacts on the same subnet and uses

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standard. It implements a native code API, Web Services for Devices (WSDAPI) to support

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running. This service is useful for networks without a central managing server, and for

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can be used to retain the connectivity. Wireless networks are managed from either the

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which supports setting up a wireless network using several methods supported in the

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command from the shell. Settings for wireless networks can also be configured using

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which implements the filter requests. The packets are then processed using the

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is a completely new programming interface with unique characteristics such as

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support with the introduction of new APIs and protocols. A new version of the

1203: 802: 598: 520: 516: 441: 282: 210: 3311: 3306: 2940: 2829: 2777: 2547: 2107: 2073: 2039: 2003: 1967: 1947: 1912: 1855:"Routing compartments" feature removed (Windows Server 2008 Chat Transcript) 1819: 1765: 1739: 1719: 943: 626: 327: 186: 182: 2262: 225: 3891: 3795: 3655: 3415: 3280: 2910: 2767: 2654: 2639: 2577: 2437: 2397: 1891: 1644:

3.0 channel. SSL provides transport-level security with key-negotiation,

720: 302: 3911: 3845: 3583: 3469: 3432: 3420: 3105: 2824: 2797: 2772: 2734: 2432: 2357: 1669:"Next Generation TCP/IP Stack in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008" 1469: 1461: 1445: 1087: 984:(WMM) profile classes for QoS in wireless networks as certified by the 711: 411: 383: 355: 321: 2258:

Policy-based QoS Architecture in Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista

973:

objects which ensures that all Windows Vista clients connected to the

3985: 3835: 3504: 3285: 3210: 2189: 1177: 1136: 839: 823: 703: 597:, to resolve names of local hosts on a network which does not have a 805:(F-RTO) to prevent unnecessary retransmission of TCP segments when 649:

is built into the network stack itself as a new set of APIs called

3951: 3387: 3215: 2920: 2694: 2407: 1690:"New Networking Features in Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista" 1132: 1082:(AES) is included in the network stack itself. Direct support for 1002: 958:

Windows Vista's networking stack includes integrated policy-based

610: 426: 294: 290: 224: 3479: 3153: 2972: 2935: 1976: 1628:(SSTP), introduced in Windows Vista Service Pack 1 is a form of 1170: 1003: 905:

communication among multiple processors. This feature is called

844: 835: 831: 670: 573: 557: 553: 278: 274: 206: 2271: 1078:(ECDH) algorithms, as well as for 128-bit, 192-bit and 256-bit 673:

can be used even in ad-hoc mode. Windows Vista also provides a

482:

Windows Vista classifies the networks it connects to as either

3397: 2729: 2699: 2624: 1735:"Performance Enhancements in the Next Generation TCP/IP Stack" 1448:

has been updated with new APIs and support for Event Tracing.

1303: 1016: 407: 379: 314: 1180:(which allows for a second authentication), integration with 1400:

counters to more accurately calculate available bandwidth.

1189:

and encryption (AES with CBC, AES-GMAC, SHA-256, AES-GCM).

766:

support has also been enhanced to include integration with

1492:

is supported in Windows Vista for backward compatibility.

2036:"Windows For Mobile PCs And Tablet PCs - CY05 And Beyond" 528:

networks are available. Each profile is part of either a

2008:"Windows Vista Windows Meeting Space Step by Step Guide" 1391:, allowing users to download and serve content (such as 511:

network; in such a network the policies are set by the

2162:

Navjot Virk and Prashanth Prahalad (March 10, 2006).

1379:(BITS) 3.0 in Windows Vista has a new feature called 1185:

negotiation (stronger DH algorithms and Suite B) and

1152:

IPsec configuration is now fully integrated into the

548:

The Windows Vista networking stack supports the dual

1383:

which supports peer-to-peer file transfers within a

899:

netsh interface tcp set global ecncapability=enabled

572:

for configuration of both IPv4 and IPv6 properties.

3964: 3859: 3628: 3547: 3540: 3513: 3396: 3370: 3294: 3119: 2986: 2901: 2848: 2748: 2513: 2343: 1715:"Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) for TCP/IP" 1428:, the client API for server-based applications and 285:architecture. And the Data link layer (also called 261:. The Transport layer includes implementations for 2253:Connecting to Wireless Networks with Windows Vista 1554:is part of the Windows Shell itself (the previous 418:to map the TDI functionality to the network stack. 382:providing the same socket-and-port abstraction as 909:. Windows Vista also supports network cards with 749:(DPWS) and also a managed code implementation in 241:(NDIS) driver. The network stack, implemented in 1816:"Quality Windows Audio-Video Experience - qWave" 330:API for abstracting network communication using 229:Architecture of the Next Generation TCP/IP stack 1514:. Samba 3.6 also includes support for SMB 2.0. 27:Networking features introduced in Windows Vista 2070:"Windows For Mobile PCs and Tablet PCs - CY04" 1761:"QoS in Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista" 1632:tunnel that provides a mechanism to transport 1408:The HTTP kernel mode driver in Windows Vista, 1038:Applications have to explicitly use the qWave 2283: 1251:in Windows Vista is implemented through WFP. 621:; this can even traverse most IPv4 symmetric 233:The Next Generation TCP/IP stack connects to 162: 8: 2103:"People Near Me: frequently asked questions" 1488:and event callbacks to enhance performance. 1096:may be part of multiple network partitions. 410:which can be used for legacy protocols like 1892:"WFP driver hotfix rollup package (981889)" 1404:Core networking driver and API improvements 710:authentication for joining the network and 4020: 3544: 2290: 2276: 2268: 2204: 2202: 169: 155: 29: 1224:The Windows Vista network stack includes 1091:of logically isolated networks within an 1015:Windows Vista includes a specialized QoS 855:Traditional TCP implementations uses the 366:(AFD) to implement certain functionality. 2248:Enterprise Networking with Windows Vista 1787:"WiFi QoS Support in Windows Vista: WMM" 386:, while exposing other features such as 1810: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1657: 1377:Background Intelligent Transfer Service 1371:Background Intelligent Transfer Service 1365:Background Intelligent Transfer Service 1354:Windows Hardware Engineering Conference 1154:Windows Firewall with Advanced Security 119: 48: 41: 2188:Andrew Tridgell (September 12, 2006). 1663: 1661: 1287:is an example of such an application. 1025:Quality Windows Audio/Video Experience 239:Network Driver Interface Specification 3897:Next-Generation Secure Computing Base 552:(IP) layer architecture in which the 7: 2164:"What's new in SMB in Windows Vista" 988:: BG (for background data), BE (for 871:(ECN) to keep throughput hit due to 587:Link Local Multicast Name Resolution 414:. It includes a component, known as 3026:Distributed Transaction Coordinator 1275: 1265:Windows Vista includes significant 1193:Network Diagnostics Framework (NDF) 867:The new TCP/IP stack also supports 369: 3357:User Interface Privilege Isolation 1984:from the original on June 14, 2004 1101:Extensible Authentication Protocol 940:TCP congestion avoidance algorithm 811:Neighbour Unreachability Detection 589:(LLMNR) protocol, as described in 478:Network classification by location 358:is a user mode library, it uses a 25: 2209:Bluetooth Wireless Technology FAQ 685:dialog box within the GUI or the 625:(NATs) as well. Full support for 568:layers. Windows Vista provides a 317:is exposed via three components: 4019: 4009: 4008: 1625:Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol 1608:Virtual Private Networking (VPN) 1502:Server Message Block § SMB2 1450:Winsock Layered Service Provider 1398:Internet Gateway Device Protocol 869:Explicit Congestion Notification 760:Plug and Play Extensions (PnP-X) 747:Devices Profile for Web Services 727:Wireless setup and configuration 461:implement LLTD to appear on the 3086:Remote Differential Compression 1648:and traffic integrity checking. 1597:Synchronous Connection Oriented 1524:Remote Differential Compression 1518:Remote Differential Compression 1440:, larger data uploads, SSL and 1327:Windows Internet Computer Names 1099:Windows Vista also includes an 281:protocols are implemented in a 3942:Windows System Assessment Tool 1696:. Microsoft. February 15, 2006 1422:Internationalized domain names 1416:and new performance counters. 1122:Windows Vista also introduces 431:The Network and Sharing Center 197:introduced in 2007/2008 a new 1: 2190:"Exploring the SMB2 protocol" 1944:"Peer-to-Peer Infrastructure" 1616:and later support the use of 1290:PNRP also allows creating an 1271:Peer Name Resolution Protocol 1261:Peer Name Resolution Protocol 1076:Elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman 605:. IPv6 can also be used over 560:implementations share common 450:Link Layer Topology Discovery 309:. Each layer can accommodate 97:Management and administration 3231:Open XML Paper Specification 3091:Remote Installation Services 2299:Microsoft Windows components 1917:"Windows Filtering Platform" 1894:. Microsoft. August 27, 2010 1867:"Windows Filtering Platform" 1595:for Wi-Fi co-existence, and 1080:Advanced Encryption Standard 809:increases. It also includes 623:Network Address Translations 203:Next Generation TCP/IP stack 18:Next Generation TCP/IP stack 3383:Windows Subsystem for Linux 3342:Mandatory Integrity Control 3096:Windows Deployment Services 2893:Wireless Zero Configuration 1424:support and Event Tracing. 1200:Management information base 1176:IPsec fully supports IPv6, 980:Windows Vista supports the 938:Compound TCP is a modified 655:Wireless Zero Configuration 213:model, depends on a strong 4073: 3485:Universal Windows Platform 3191:Kernel Transaction Manager 3176:Hardware Abstraction Layer 2873:Multimedia Class Scheduler 1593:Adaptive frequency hopping 1521: 1499: 1368: 1258: 1255:Peer-to-peer communication 1226:Windows Filtering Platform 1220:Windows Filtering Platform 1217: 1214:Windows Filtering Platform 1148:IPsec and Windows Firewall 931: 820:Lightweight Filter Drivers 730: 629:is also included, via the 496:Network Location Awareness 446:Network Location Awareness 398:Transport Driver Interface 311:Windows Filtering Platform 4004: 3937:Windows Services for UNIX 3322:Data Execution Prevention 3171:Graphics Device Interface 3061:Network Access Protection 2680:Remote Desktop Connection 2305: 1873:. Microsoft. May 13, 2004 1472:. While most of the same 1438:chunked transfer encoding 1124:Network Access Protection 1118:Network Access Protection 717:Public key infrastructure 364:Ancillary Function Driver 77:Technical and core system 3302:Security and Maintenance 3246:Security Account Manager 2840:Windows XP visual styles 1496:Server Message Block 2.0 1320:Group Member Certificate 1236:, which also includes a 1234:Generic Filtering Engine 706:server is used for both 603:ad hoc wireless networks 273:. At the Network layer, 3887:Media Control Interface 3721:Help and Support Center 3337:Kernel Patch Protection 3101:System Resource Manager 3081:Remote Desktop Services 3076:Print Services for UNIX 2858:Service Control Manager 2468:Windows Error Reporting 2388:DirectX Diagnostic Tool 2263:Windows Core Networking 1601:device driver interface 1208:Universal Plug and Play 852:(>10ms) situations. 737:Windows Vista features 87:Networking technologies 3867:Desktop Cleanup Wizard 3443:COM Structured storage 3144:Desktop Window Manager 3036:Windows Media Services 2034:Suokko, Matti (2004). 1318:certificate termed as 1012: 922:Intel I/O Acceleration 834:. The receive window ( 432: 230: 3495:Windows Mixed Reality 3166:Enhanced Write Filter 3016:Roaming user profiles 2115:on September 28, 2015 2068:Fish, Darrin (2004). 1550:). In Windows Vista, 1506:A new version of the 1285:Windows Meeting Space 1244:and race conditions. 1230:Base Filtering Engine 1059:wireless access point 1006: 743:Wi-Fi Protected Setup 719:(PKI) vendor such as 679:wireless access point 470:, IPv4/IPv6 address, 430: 228: 3776:Mobile Device Center 3726:Health & Fitness 3524:Solitaire Collection 3352:User Account Control 3347:Protected Media Path 3251:Server Message Block 3201:Logical Disk Manager 2453:System Policy Editor 2438:System Configuration 2221:"USB/1394 on the PC" 2143:. September 27, 2006 2083:on December 14, 2005 2049:on December 14, 2005 1508:Server Message Block 907:Receive Side Scaling 882:Maximum Segment Size 803:Forward RTO-Recovery 683:Connect to a network 544:Internet Protocol v6 307:tunnelling protocols 269:and unformatted RAW 35:a series of articles 4052:Computer networking 3922:Virtual DOS machine 3266:System Idle Process 3241:Resource Protection 3149:Portable Executable 3041:Active DRM Services 2443:System File Checker 2413:Performance Monitor 1640:traffic through an 1442:client certificates 1387:; this facilitates 1142:Windows Server 2008 1086:connections in new 982:Wireless Multimedia 917:TCP Chimney Offload 890:Exponential backoff 778:Network performance 739:Windows Connect Now 609:-based dial-up and 456:. In addition, the 392:I/O request packets 195:Windows Server 2008 128:Windows Server 2008 107:Development history 82:Security and safety 3927:Windows on Windows 3651:Backup and Restore 3463:Transaction Server 3181:I/O request packet 3021:Folder redirection 2690:Speech Recognition 2448:System Information 2403:Management Console 1844:EAPHost in Windows 1013: 960:quality of service 954:Quality of service 912:TCP Offload Engine 873:network congestion 772:Function Discovery 755:Function Discovery 433: 231: 143:Windows Mobile 6.5 138:Windows Mobile 6.1 133:Windows Mobile 6.0 4034: 4033: 3960: 3959: 3917:Video for Windows 3872:Games for Windows 3741:Internet Explorer 2835:Windows Spotlight 2478:Windows Installer 1694:Microsoft TechNet 1587:Bluetooth support 1565:Connection In Use 1552:Bluetooth Devices 1548:phones and modems 1539:Bluetooth Devices 1316:digital signature 1158:netsh advfirewall 895:Random Early Drop 878:congestion window 862:Congestion window 647:wireless networks 641:Wireless networks 550:Internet Protocol 513:domain controller 440:, which replaces 179: 178: 112:Mojave Experiment 16:(Redirected from 4064: 4023: 4022: 4012: 4011: 3932:Windows SideShow 3711:Food & Drink 3605:Spider Solitaire 3545: 3438:ActiveX Document 3406:Active Scripting 3362:Windows Firewall 3317:Credential Guard 2996:Active Directory 2793:Indexing Service 2423:Resource Monitor 2418:Recovery Console 2292: 2285: 2278: 2269: 2236: 2235: 2233: 2232: 2223:. Archived from 2217: 2211: 2206: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2185: 2179: 2178: 2176: 2175: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2150: 2148: 2135:"People Near Me" 2131: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2111:. Archived from 2099: 2093: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2082: 2076:. Archived from 2065: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2048: 2042:. Archived from 2031: 2025: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2006:(25 July 2008). 2000: 1994: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1964: 1958: 1957: 1955: 1954: 1940: 1934: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1909: 1903: 1902: 1900: 1899: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1878: 1863: 1857: 1852: 1846: 1841: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1831: 1822:. Archived from 1812: 1797: 1796: 1794: 1793: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1773: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1748: 1747: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1711: 1705: 1704: 1702: 1701: 1686: 1680: 1679: 1677: 1676: 1665: 1569:Discovery Method 1482:asynchronous I/O 1381:Neighbor Casting 1281:Windows Contacts 1249:Windows Firewall 1163:Active Directory 1093:Active Directory 1069:Network security 975:Active Directory 968:Active Directory 900: 619:Teredo tunneling 438:Network Explorer 388:Asynchronous I/O 340:Datagram sockets 244: 199:networking stack 171: 164: 157: 92:I/O technologies 67:Removed features 30: 21: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4066: 4065: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4037: 4036: 4035: 4030: 4000: 3968:Microsoft Store 3966: 3956: 3902:POSIX subsystem 3882:File Protection 3855: 3826:Program Manager 3811:Phone Companion 3801:Outlook Express 3751:Make Compatible 3681:Desktop Gadgets 3641:Anytime Upgrade 3624: 3536: 3509: 3500:Windows Runtime 3392: 3366: 3332:Family features 3290: 3115: 3071:DFS Replication 2982: 2897: 2888:Error Reporting 2844: 2744: 2620:Mobility Center 2615:Movies & TV 2509: 2493:Windows Insider 2383:Driver Verifier 2378:Drive Optimizer 2345: 2339: 2330:Booting process 2301: 2296: 2244: 2239: 2230: 2228: 2219: 2218: 2214: 2207: 2200: 2192: 2187: 2186: 2182: 2173: 2171: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2146: 2144: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2101: 2100: 2096: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2067: 2066: 2062: 2052: 2050: 2046: 2033: 2032: 2028: 2018: 2016: 2002: 2001: 1997: 1987: 1985: 1966: 1965: 1961: 1952: 1950: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1927: 1925: 1911: 1910: 1906: 1897: 1895: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1876: 1874: 1865: 1864: 1860: 1853: 1849: 1842: 1838: 1829: 1827: 1814: 1813: 1800: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1771: 1769: 1759: 1758: 1754: 1745: 1743: 1733: 1732: 1728: 1713: 1712: 1708: 1699: 1697: 1688: 1687: 1683: 1674: 1672: 1671:. The Cable Guy 1667: 1666: 1659: 1655: 1610: 1589: 1535: 1526: 1520: 1504: 1498: 1459: 1432:supports IPv6, 1406: 1373: 1367: 1359:trusted contact 1343: 1308:overlay network 1292:overlay network 1263: 1257: 1222: 1216: 1195: 1150: 1120: 1071: 1001: 956: 936: 930: 924:to be enabled. 898: 843:using a larger 840:acknowledgement 807:round trip time 780: 735: 729: 643: 546: 480: 472:signal strength 425: 362:driver, called 245:implements the 242: 223: 175: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4070: 4068: 4060: 4059: 4057:Windows Server 4054: 4049: 4039: 4038: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4028: 4017: 4005: 4002: 4001: 3999: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3972: 3970: 3962: 3961: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3899: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3831:Steps Recorder 3828: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3632: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3623: 3622: 3615: 3608: 3601: 3594: 3587: 3580: 3573: 3566: 3559: 3551: 3549: 3542: 3538: 3537: 3535: 3534: 3527: 3519: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3508: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3466: 3465: 3460: 3458:OLE Automation 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3435: 3425: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3402: 3400: 3394: 3393: 3391: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3334: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3304: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3288: 3283: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3226:Object Manager 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3186:Imaging Format 3183: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3162: 3161: 3156: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3125: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3113: 3108: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3073: 3068: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3038: 3033: 3028: 3023: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2992: 2990: 2984: 2983: 2981: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2918: 2913: 2907: 2905: 2899: 2898: 2896: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2883:Task Scheduler 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2854: 2852: 2846: 2845: 2843: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2816: 2815: 2813:Special folder 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2754: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2725:Voice Recorder 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2525: 2519: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2496: 2495: 2488:Windows Update 2485: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2460: 2458:System Restore 2455: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2368:Device Manager 2365: 2360: 2358:Command Prompt 2355: 2349: 2347: 2341: 2340: 2338: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2320: 2312: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2297: 2295: 2294: 2287: 2280: 2272: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2243: 2242:External links 2240: 2238: 2237: 2212: 2198: 2180: 2154: 2126: 2094: 2060: 2026: 1995: 1959: 1935: 1904: 1883: 1858: 1847: 1836: 1798: 1778: 1752: 1726: 1706: 1681: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1650: 1649: 1621: 1609: 1606: 1588: 1585: 1534: 1531: 1522:Main article: 1519: 1516: 1500:Main article: 1497: 1494: 1478:Winsock Kernel 1458: 1457:Winsock Kernel 1455: 1405: 1402: 1369:Main article: 1366: 1363: 1346:People Near Me 1342: 1341:People Near Me 1339: 1276:People Near Me 1259:Main article: 1256: 1253: 1238:Callout Module 1218:Main article: 1215: 1212: 1194: 1191: 1187:data integrity 1149: 1146: 1119: 1116: 1070: 1067: 1065:technologies. 1000: 997: 986:Wi-Fi Alliance 955: 952: 932:Main article: 929: 926: 886:TCP Slow Start 857:TCP Slow Start 832:Receive window 779: 776: 731:Main article: 728: 725: 699:Single Sign On 642: 639: 545: 542: 479: 476: 424: 423:User interface 421: 420: 419: 401: 395: 373: 370:Winsock Kernel 367: 348:Stream sockets 324: 257:layers of the 222: 219: 177: 176: 174: 173: 166: 159: 151: 148: 147: 146: 145: 140: 135: 130: 122: 121: 117: 116: 115: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 51: 50: 46: 45: 39: 38: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4069: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4047:Windows Vista 4045: 4044: 4042: 4027: 4018: 4016: 4007: 4006: 4003: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3971: 3969: 3963: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3947:Windows To Go 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3905: 3903: 3900: 3898: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3858: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3816:Photo Gallery 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3761:Meeting Space 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3731:HyperTerminal 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3701:Easy Transfer 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3607: 3606: 3602: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3586: 3585: 3581: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3567: 3565: 3564: 3560: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3546: 3543: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3430: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3395: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3373: 3371:Compatibility 3369: 3363: 3360: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3318: 3315: 3313: 3310: 3308: 3305: 3303: 3300: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3287: 3284: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3196:Library files 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3151: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3118: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3104: 3102: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3077: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2956:Reparse point 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2758:Action Center 2756: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2747: 2741: 2738: 2736: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2685:Snipping Tool 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2605: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2543:Character Map 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2524: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2363:Control Panel 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2353:App Installer 2351: 2350: 2348: 2342: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2315: 2314:Architecture 2313: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2304: 2300: 2293: 2288: 2286: 2281: 2279: 2274: 2273: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2227:on 2012-02-15 2226: 2222: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2191: 2184: 2181: 2169: 2168:Chk Your Dsks 2165: 2158: 2155: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2130: 2127: 2119:September 20, 2114: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2098: 2095: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2064: 2061: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2030: 2027: 2015: 2014: 2009: 2005: 1999: 1996: 1983: 1979: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1963: 1960: 1949: 1945: 1939: 1936: 1928:September 20, 1924: 1923: 1918: 1914: 1908: 1905: 1893: 1887: 1884: 1872: 1868: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1840: 1837: 1826:on 2007-07-13 1825: 1821: 1817: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1788: 1782: 1779: 1768: 1767: 1762: 1756: 1753: 1742: 1741: 1736: 1730: 1727: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1710: 1707: 1695: 1691: 1685: 1682: 1670: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1652: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1626: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1614:Windows Vista 1612: 1611: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1562: 1561:Authenticated 1557: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1532: 1530: 1525: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1509: 1503: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1372: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1350:People Nearby 1347: 1340: 1338: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1262: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1245: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1221: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1192: 1190: 1188: 1183: 1179: 1174: 1172: 1166: 1164: 1159: 1155: 1147: 1145: 1143: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1128:system health 1125: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1112:routing table 1108: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1094: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1063:Windows Rally 1060: 1055: 1051: 1049: 1048:feedback loop 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1028: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1010: 1009:Feedback Loop 1005: 998: 996: 993: 992: 987: 983: 978: 976: 972: 969: 965: 964:Network Layer 961: 953: 951: 949: 945: 941: 935: 927: 925: 923: 918: 914: 913: 908: 902: 896: 891: 887: 883: 879: 874: 870: 865: 863: 858: 853: 851: 846: 841: 837: 833: 828: 825: 821: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 787: 777: 775: 773: 769: 765: 761: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 734: 733:Windows Rally 726: 724: 722: 718: 713: 709: 705: 701: 700: 694: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 640: 638: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 543: 541: 539: 535: 531: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 477: 475: 473: 469: 464: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 429: 422: 417: 413: 409: 406: 402: 399: 396: 393: 389: 385: 381: 378: 374: 371: 368: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 342:are used for 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 323: 320: 319: 318: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 296: 292: 289:) implements 288: 287:Framing layer 284: 280: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 240: 236: 227: 220: 218: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 191:Windows Vista 188: 184: 172: 167: 165: 160: 158: 153: 152: 150: 149: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 125: 124: 123: 118: 113: 110: 108: 105: 103: 100: 98: 95: 93: 90: 88: 85: 83: 80: 78: 75: 73: 70: 68: 65: 63: 60: 58: 55: 54: 53: 52: 47: 44: 43:Windows Vista 40: 36: 32: 31: 19: 3981:File Manager 3821:Photo Viewer 3756:Media Center 3716:Groove Music 3646:Address Book 3617: 3610: 3603: 3598:Purble Place 3596: 3589: 3582: 3575: 3568: 3563:Chess Titans 3561: 3554: 3541:Discontinued 3529: 3522: 3221:Ntoskrnl.exe 3129:Boot Manager 3121:Architecture 3011:Group Policy 2903:File systems 2803:Saved search 2710:Sticky Notes 2675:Quick Assist 2603:Media Player 2573:Feedback Hub 2568:Fax and Scan 2463:Task Manager 2393:Event Viewer 2373:Disk Cleanup 2229:. Retrieved 2225:the original 2215: 2183: 2172:. Retrieved 2167: 2157: 2145:. Retrieved 2138: 2129: 2117:. Retrieved 2113:the original 2106: 2097: 2085:. Retrieved 2078:the original 2063: 2051:. Retrieved 2044:the original 2029: 2017:. Retrieved 2011: 1998: 1986:. Retrieved 1975: 1962: 1951:. Retrieved 1938: 1926:. Retrieved 1920: 1907: 1896:. Retrieved 1886: 1875:. Retrieved 1870: 1861: 1850: 1839: 1828:. Retrieved 1824:the original 1790:. Retrieved 1781: 1770:. Retrieved 1764: 1755: 1744:. Retrieved 1738: 1729: 1718: 1709: 1698:. Retrieved 1693: 1684: 1673:. Retrieved 1623: 1596: 1592: 1590: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1536: 1527: 1505: 1477: 1460: 1425: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1407: 1389:Peer Caching 1388: 1380: 1374: 1358: 1349: 1345: 1344: 1335: 1330: 1326: 1324: 1319: 1311: 1299: 1295: 1289: 1274: 1267:peer-to-peer 1264: 1246: 1242:memory leaks 1237: 1233: 1229: 1223: 1196: 1175: 1167: 1157: 1156:snap-in and 1153: 1151: 1127: 1121: 1109: 1098: 1072: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1037: 1029: 1024: 1020: 1014: 1008: 989: 979: 971:Group policy 957: 948:TCP New Reno 937: 934:Compound TCP 928:Compound TCP 921: 916: 910: 906: 903: 866: 854: 850:high-latency 829: 819: 810: 784: 781: 771: 767: 759: 754: 738: 736: 697: 695: 691:Group policy 686: 682: 675:Fast Roaming 674: 650: 645:Support for 644: 547: 537: 533: 529: 525:Proxy server 508: 504: 499: 495: 491: 487: 483: 481: 462: 457: 453: 445: 442:Windows XP's 437: 434: 415: 363: 286: 259:TCP/IP model 232: 221:Architecture 202: 180: 102:Vista vs. XP 86: 62:New features 49:New features 3996:Minesweeper 3965:Spun off to 3786:MSN Dial-up 3781:Movie Maker 3686:Diagnostics 3636:ActiveMovie 3378:COMMAND.COM 3256:Shadow Copy 3111:Server Core 2951:Mount Point 2878:Shadow Copy 2473:Windows Ink 1436:, HTTP/1.1 991:best effort 651:Native Wifi 468:MAC address 463:Network Map 458:Network Map 454:Network Map 405:kernel-mode 377:kernel-mode 360:kernel mode 4041:Categories 3976:DVD Player 3791:NetMeeting 3691:DriveSpace 3556:3D Pinball 3056:SharePoint 2820:Start menu 2665:Phone Link 2528:Calculator 2483:PowerShell 2344:Management 2231:2010-12-04 2174:2006-05-01 2147:August 14, 1972:"Contacts" 1953:2007-10-16 1898:2011-09-18 1877:2006-04-25 1830:2007-10-09 1792:2007-07-20 1772:2007-05-18 1746:2007-04-08 1700:2006-04-29 1675:2007-10-05 1653:References 1646:encryption 1484:that uses 1414:netsh http 1348:(formerly 1204:IP address 1165:accounts. 712:MS-CHAP v2 687:netsh wlan 599:DNS server 521:DNS server 517:IP address 346:, whereas 283:dual-stack 215:host-model 211:dual-stack 3771:Messenger 3766:Messaging 3696:DVD Maker 3666:CD Player 3661:CardSpace 3612:Solitaire 3312:BitLocker 3307:AppLocker 2941:Hard link 2830:Task View 2808:Namespace 2778:ClearType 2598:Messaging 2583:Magnifier 2548:Clipchamp 2523:3D Viewer 2108:Microsoft 2074:Microsoft 2040:Microsoft 2004:Microsoft 1968:Microsoft 1948:Microsoft 1913:Microsoft 1820:Microsoft 1766:Microsoft 1740:Microsoft 1720:Microsoft 1573:Encrypted 1533:Bluetooth 1434:AutoProxy 1310:called a 1294:called a 944:TCP Vegas 901:command. 627:multicast 562:Transport 540:network. 494:and uses 328:user mode 271:protocols 255:Data link 247:Transport 243:tcpip.sys 187:Microsoft 183:computing 72:Criticism 4015:Category 3892:MS-DOS 7 3877:ScanDisk 3796:NTBackup 3676:Contacts 3656:Cardfile 3591:Hold 'Em 3570:FreeCell 3416:VBScript 3327:Defender 3295:Security 3281:Winlogon 3236:Registry 2850:Services 2783:Explorer 2768:AutoPlay 2655:Paint 3D 2640:OneDrive 2630:Narrator 2578:Get Help 2533:Calendar 2428:Settings 2398:IExpress 2087:July 15, 2053:July 15, 1988:July 31, 1982:Archived 1970:(2003). 1430:services 1410:Http.sys 1375:The new 1011:of qWave 884:, and a 721:VeriSign 354:. While 350:are for 303:Loopback 120:Siblings 57:Editions 33:Part of 3991:Mahjong 3912:Interix 3846:WinHelp 3746:Journal 3736:Imaging 3584:InkBall 3470:DirectX 3433:ActiveX 3421:JScript 3134:Console 3106:Hyper-V 3001:Domains 2825:Taskbar 2798:IFilter 2773:AutoRun 2735:WordPad 2730:Weather 2645:OneNote 2635:Notepad 2558:Cortana 2433:Sysprep 2140:TechNet 2019:June 4, 2013:TechNet 1581:Version 1556:Devices 1543:Devices 1474:sockets 1470:Winsock 1462:Winsock 1446:Winsock 1426:WinHTTP 1418:WinINet 1300:Records 1088:Winsock 1019:called 786:NewReno 667:EAP-TLS 663:802.11i 566:Framing 534:Private 505:Private 488:Private 412:NetBIOS 384:Winsock 356:Winsock 332:sockets 322:Winsock 251:Network 4024: 4013: 3986:Hover! 3860:Others 3841:Travel 3836:Syskey 3619:Tinker 3577:Hearts 3505:WinUSB 3490:WinAPI 3475:Native 3286:WinUSB 3211:MinWin 2988:Server 2788:Search 2700:Sports 2670:Photos 2660:People 2538:Camera 2170:. MSDN 1579:, and 1577:Paired 1385:domain 1325:A new 1178:AuthIP 1137:802.1x 1105:802.1X 824:TCP/IP 793: 704:RADIUS 615:DHCPv6 593: 581: 538:Domain 530:Public 509:Domain 500:Public 492:Domain 484:Public 390:using 237:via a 201:named 3952:WinFS 3851:Write 3548:Games 3515:Games 3388:WoW64 3216:NTLDR 3206:LSASS 3139:CSRSS 2946:links 2921:exFAT 2750:Shell 2715:Store 2705:Start 2695:Skype 2650:Paint 2625:Money 2553:Clock 2500:WinRE 2408:Netsh 2346:tools 2335:Games 2193:(PDF) 2081:(PPT) 2047:(PPT) 1512:Samba 1312:Group 1296:Graph 1133:IPsec 1021:qWave 999:qWave 768:PnP-X 631:MLDv2 611:PPPoE 474:etc. 400:(TDI) 372:(WSK) 336:ports 295:802.1 291:802.3 4026:List 3907:HPFS 3671:Chat 3629:Apps 3531:Surf 3480:.NET 3448:DCOM 3276:WHEA 3271:USER 3261:SMSS 3051:WSUS 3031:MSMQ 2973:ReFS 2936:NTFS 2911:CDFS 2868:CLFS 2863:BITS 2763:Aero 2740:Xbox 2720:Tips 2608:2022 2593:Maps 2588:Mail 2563:Edge 2515:Apps 2310:APIs 2149:2020 2121:2015 2089:2015 2055:2015 2021:2015 1990:2015 1977:MSDN 1930:2015 1922:MSDN 1871:WHDC 1638:L2TP 1618:PEAP 1537:The 1486:IRPs 1393:WSUS 1331:WICN 1247:The 1171:NTLM 1135:and 1044:RSVP 1040:APIs 1033:RSVP 1007:The 946:and 845:RWIN 836:RWIN 815:NDIS 799:SACK 795:2582 770:and 764:UPnP 708:PEAP 671:WPA2 659:SSID 633:and 595:4795 583:2732 574:IPv6 564:and 558:IPv6 556:and 554:IPv4 334:and 305:and 279:IPv6 277:and 275:IPv4 253:and 235:NICs 207:IPv6 193:and 3806:Pay 3706:Fax 3453:OLE 3428:COM 3411:WSH 3398:API 3159:DLL 3154:EXE 3066:PWS 3046:IIS 3006:DNS 2978:UDF 2966:EFS 2961:TxF 2931:FAT 2926:IFS 2916:DFS 2505:WMI 1642:SSL 1636:or 1634:PPP 1630:VPN 1490:TDI 1466:TDI 1304:XML 1182:NAP 1084:SSL 1017:API 791:RFC 751:WCF 635:SSM 607:PPP 591:RFC 579:RFC 570:GUI 536:or 490:or 416:TDX 408:API 380:API 352:TCP 344:UDP 315:API 299:PPP 267:UDP 263:TCP 189:'s 181:In 4043:: 2323:NT 2318:9x 2201:^ 2166:. 2137:. 2105:. 2072:. 2038:. 2010:. 1980:. 1974:. 1946:. 1919:. 1915:. 1869:. 1818:. 1801:^ 1763:. 1737:. 1717:. 1692:. 1660:^ 1575:, 1571:, 1567:, 1563:, 1144:. 888:. 774:. 723:. 693:. 665:. 532:, 523:, 519:, 486:, 403:A 375:A 338:. 326:A 301:, 297:, 293:, 265:, 249:, 185:, 37:on 2291:e 2284:t 2277:v 2234:. 2195:. 2177:. 2151:. 2123:. 2091:. 2057:. 2023:. 1992:. 1956:. 1932:. 1901:. 1880:. 1833:. 1795:. 1775:. 1749:. 1723:. 1703:. 1678:. 1329:( 1023:( 789:( 577:( 394:. 170:e 163:t 156:v 20:)

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