2707:
300:
2719:
211:(now Valmiera, Latvia). The family Anhorn von Hartwiss (double name) comes from Switzerland. His grandfather Silvester Samuel (1708–1782) descended from Swiss Protestant pastors and emigrated to Russia. His father, Heinrich Ernst was a registered member of the Livonian nobility (reg. 1769). He married his first cousin Christina Louisa. Nikolaus was their tenth child. By that time Livonia (roughly present day
2743:
2731:
421:
310:
Von
Hartwiss collected plants in Georgia and the Crimea. Some species were named by him, some named after him. "Three long expeditions to the Caucasus in search of new ornamental plants for the Crimea … Caucasian fir, spruce, … Caucasian basswood, rhododendrons, azaleas and other flowering shrubs."
448:
Von
Hartwiss bred more than 100 varieties of roses at the Nikita Garden. Two are still growing at the Alupka Palace: 'Comtesse Elizabeth Woronzof' 1829 and 'Belle de Nikita' 1829. There may also be his rose 'Mignonette d'Alupka' 1829, thought by some to be the rose imported into France and sold as
439:
Von
Hartwiss imported many plants for the Botanic Garden, including roses. In 1827 he began to breed roses. These were partly for the Garden itself, but also for the Alupka Palace of Count (later Prince) Michael Vorontsov. Some thirty of his roses were sold from the Alupka Palace nursery.
248:
Von
Hartwiss at one time gained practical gardening experience laying out fields of flowers, fruit trees and both exotic and domestic trees on his father's estate. In 1819–1824 he lived in Riga, gardening and fruit growing, with a collection of 500 varieties of fruit trees and roses.
264:
in Yalta on the south coast of the Crimea. In 1827 he became its second director, which he remained until he died. He extended the Garden's collection of plant varieties from more than a thousand to about three thousand, including the largest collection of fruit varieties in Europe.
449:'Maréchal Niel'. Hartwiss's hand-written 1834 catalogue of roses at Nikita lists scores of roses bred there identified only by description. The Crimean Rose Society – including roses bred after 1834 – lists 127 named varieties.
291:) in the Crimea. After the death of his first wife in 1855 he married a young girl from Riga in Simferopol on 2 Feb. 1858, Leontine Werther, who died at the end of the same year giving birth to a daughter.
2804:
2789:
1675:
2747:
2355:
1781:
2794:
393:
2779:
2544:
1668:
1024:
970:
2814:
1661:
245:
1812–1818, discharged with wounds. This implies that he was (and remained) a subject of the Tsar, not in any sense a
Russian citizen.
2809:
2784:
2029:
1218:
183:
at Nikita where he served as a director for the rest of his career. He is remembered for his plant collection explorations of
1007:
945:
253:
2056:
1754:
2575:
175:
1812–1818 when he served in the
Russian army. Afterwards he worked on his father's estate and by 1824 was living in
2066:
1739:
1719:
2595:
2549:
2399:
424:
261:
180:
1989:
1846:
404:
2735:
2633:
2409:
2311:
2306:
2024:
1901:
1337:
Klimenko, Zinaida
Konstantinovna (2010). "Summary of Rose Breeding 1824–2010 in the Nikita Botanic Garden".
2799:
2706:
2534:
2471:
2419:
2382:
2377:
1851:
220:
36:
1222:
2723:
2481:
2198:
1816:
1811:
1704:
1288:
1113:
1069:
2774:
2769:
2585:
2526:
2019:
1970:
1831:
1806:
1786:
360:
268:
From Nikita he organised plant hunting expeditions into the surrounding territories, especially the
2504:
2367:
1923:
1791:
1776:
1724:
1714:
2580:
2494:
2459:
2345:
2238:
2218:
1357:
1982:
999:
2628:
2489:
2454:
2449:
2316:
2158:
1943:
1891:
1003:
966:
941:
204:
184:
937:
931:
283:
He and his first wife, Elizabeth
Feodorovna Baroness von Rosen, had a 500-acre estate called
179:
and had a collection of 500 varieties of fruit trees and roses. He was then appointed to the
2711:
2685:
2439:
2203:
2126:
1928:
1876:
1729:
32:
238:(now Tartu) university (1809-1812), where his studies were interrupted by Napoleonic wars.
2690:
2675:
2670:
2362:
2268:
2248:
2148:
2136:
2121:
2101:
2096:
1960:
1911:
1886:
1866:
1301:
1126:
1082:
242:
172:
819:
Nobility in the
History of the Russian State: Proceedings of the Third Vorontsov Lectures
167:, Russian botanist, plant explorer and plant breeder. His education at the university in
1451:
199:
Von
Hartwiss was born Ritter (esquire) Nikolaus Ernst Bartholomäus Anhorn von Hartwiss,
2665:
2655:
2499:
2444:
2434:
2389:
2253:
2228:
2208:
2076:
2071:
2061:
1953:
1948:
1933:
1861:
1761:
992:
408:
299:
164:
40:
1631:
2763:
2660:
2638:
2414:
2323:
2273:
2258:
2193:
2188:
2173:
2143:
2106:
2086:
2046:
2041:
2011:
1977:
1916:
1896:
1881:
1841:
1749:
224:
85:
857:"Nicholas Hartwiss and the rose collection of the Imperial Botanic Garden at Nikita"
2605:
2424:
2404:
2372:
2301:
2288:
2263:
2243:
2213:
1938:
1906:
1684:
1610:
1591:
1572:
1553:
1534:
1515:
1496:
1477:
1433:
1414:
1395:
1376:
336:
321:
284:
1158:
2516:
2511:
2296:
2183:
2178:
2168:
2163:
2091:
2081:
1856:
1821:
1801:
1766:
1734:
372:
994:
Imagined communities : reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism
2233:
2116:
2051:
2036:
1994:
1871:
1771:
257:
228:
1653:
2680:
2643:
2590:
2570:
2565:
2223:
1709:
1696:
1688:
901:"Nikolai Andreyevich Hartwiss, second director of the Nikita Botanic Garden"
1358:"'Gartvis / Anhorn von Hartwiss, Nikolaj Andreevič (Nikolaus)' plant lists"
306:, named after von Hartwiss by Steven, first director of the Nikita Gardens.
2539:
2466:
2394:
2131:
2006:
1796:
1249:
World of Estate Culture. Eighth Crimean International Scientific Readings
355:
277:
273:
81:
1025:"To Many in Crimea, Corruption Seems No Less at Home Under Russian Rule"
2648:
2610:
2600:
2476:
2153:
2111:
2001:
384:
348:
288:
223:) into the Russian Empire, but the nobility still retained its ancient
216:
208:
143:
1188:
2340:
2333:
2328:
1744:
432:
428:
365:
344:
269:
235:
212:
188:
100:
63:
2429:
856:
814:
420:
419:
380:
329:
298:
168:
96:
1208:
Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada viii. (1883) 61, nomen. (IK)
2350:
1965:
176:
1657:
2278:
1272:
1244:
1097:
1053:
900:
963:
Vanished kingdoms : the history of half-forgotten Europe
1178:
Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou xxx. (1857) I. 387. (IK)
1638:
1315:
998:(Rev. ed., 7. impr. ed.). London : Verso. p.
815:"The Correspondence of N. Hartwiss with M.S. Vorontsov"
899:
Klimenko, Zinaida Konstantinovna; et al. (2006).
1054:"Rosa 'Alupka'. The detective on the botanical trail"
146:
and Christiane Anhorn von Hartwiss (his first cousin)
2621:
2558:
2525:
2287:
1830:
1695:
1238:
1236:
1234:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
403:is used to indicate this person as the author when
138:
130:
122:
114:
106:
91:
77:
69:
59:
47:
25:
18:
991:
2805:19th-century botanists from the Russian Empire
1669:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
836:
241:He was an officer of the Russian Army in the
8:
2790:Baltic-German people from the Russian Empire
2545:List of organic gardening and farming topics
1047:
1045:
905:Bulletin of the Nikita State Botanic Garden
861:Bulletin of the State Botanic Garden Nikita
262:Russian Imperial Botanical Garden at Nikita
1676:
1662:
1654:
1052:Arbatskaya, Yu. and K. Vikhlyaeva (2011).
985:
983:
467:
15:
936:(New ed.). London: Penguin. p.
453:Sortable selection of Hartwiss-bred roses
234:Nikolaus was educated at German-speaking
1632:Help Me Find Roses entry on von Hartwiss
1273:"Old roses on the south coast of Crimea"
1516:"'Comtesse Natalie Tchernischoff' Rose"
1098:"Sad Ghost: the Hartwiss Park in Artek"
805:
134:Elizabeth Feodorovna Baroness von Rosen
1535:"'Temno-brilliantovaja Livonija' Rose"
1297:
1286:
1122:
1111:
1078:
1067:
142:Heinrich Ernst Anhorn von Hartwiss of
1339:Bulletin of the Nikita Botanic Garden
1318:. Association Rose Amateurs of Crimea
1148:Ueb. Pfl. Acclimat. in Russl. 6. (IK)
7:
2730:
1639:"Heritage Roses in Crimea (Ukraine)"
1316:"Heritage Roses in Crimea (Ukraine)"
2795:Agronomists from the Russian Empire
2742:
855:Galichenko, Anna Abramovna (2001).
813:Galichenko, Anna Abramovna (2001).
1377:"'Baronessa Julija Berkheim' Rose"
1023:McFarquar, Neil (13 August 2015).
203:in 1793 at his father's estate at
14:
2780:People from Valmiera Municipality
1611:"'Knjaginja Anna Galitsyna' Rose"
191:, and for the breeding of roses.
181:Russian Imperial Botanical Garden
171:(Livonia) was interrupted by the
2741:
2729:
2718:
2717:
2705:
95:Nikita Imperial Botanic Garden,
1554:"'Nesravnennaja Livonija' Rose"
1219:International Plant Names Index
977:Especially the chapter "Litva".
624:Comtesse Nathalie Tchernischoff
219:) had been absorbed (under the
1497:"'Comtesse de Woronzoff' Rose"
425:The Vorontsovs' Moorish Castle
110:Director of the Botanic Garden
73:University of Dorpat (= Tartu)
1:
1396:"'Prekrasnaja Livonija' Rose"
1245:"Inhaling the scent of Roses"
254:Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov
1243:Galichenko, Anna Abramovna.
252:In 1824 he was appointed by
153:Nicolai Anhorn von Hartwiss
2576:Index of pesticide articles
1415:"'Prekrasnaja Nikita' Rose"
1271:Arbatskaya, Yu. (c. 2011).
990:Anderson, Benedict (1996).
930:Christiansen, Eric (1997).
658:Foncée-brillante de Livonie
607:Comtesse Elizabeth Woronzof
20:Nicolai Anhorn von Hartwiss
2831:
2815:University of Tartu alumni
1720:Climate-friendly gardening
1139:Gartenfl. (1857) 342. (IK)
766:China-semperflorens hybrid
2699:
2596:Plant disease forecasting
2550:Vegan organic agriculture
2400:Genetically modified tree
1434:"'Prekrasnaja Riga' Rose"
488:Baronne Julie de Berkheim
215:and the southern part of
2810:19th-century agronomists
2785:People from Kreis Wolmar
1159:"Stranzhda Natural Park"
1096:Arbatskaya, Yu. (2012).
821:(in Russian). Simferopol
1592:"'Tenistaja Riga' Rose"
961:Davies, Norman (2011).
726:Princesse Anne Golitzin
675:Incomparable de Livonie
163:; was a Livonian-born,
2535:Biodynamic agriculture
2472:Postharvest physiology
2420:Landscape architecture
2117:Indonesian home garden
1641:. Crimean Rose Society
1636:(Russian and English)
1296:Cite journal requires
1189:"Quercus hartwissiana"
1121:Cite journal requires
1077:Cite journal requires
965:. London: Allen Lane.
436:
341:Juniperus hartwissiana
307:
256:, governor-general of
221:Governorate of Livonia
37:Governorate of Livonia
1782:Historic conservation
1478:"'Buket Nikity' Rose"
933:The Northern Crusades
423:
302:
155:(Николай Андерс фон,
2712:Gardening portal
2611:Aquamog weed remover
2586:List of insecticides
647:semperflorens hybrid
630:semperflorens hybrid
377:Paeonia hartwissiana
361:Quercus hartwissiana
304:Quercus hartwissiana
287:near Bear Mountain (
692:Mignonette d'Alupka
596:Sempervirens hybrid
394:author abbreviation
326:Cordia hartwissiana
2581:List of fungicides
2346:Companion planting
437:
308:
2757:
2756:
2629:Community orchard
2455:drought tolerance
1452:"Blanche de Riga"
972:978-1-846-14338-0
797:
796:
732:Grevilliae hybrid
616:Chamois with pink
590:Bouquet de Nikita
387:
368:
351:
332:
161:Николай Андреевич
150:
149:
2822:
2745:
2744:
2733:
2732:
2721:
2720:
2710:
2709:
2686:Plant collecting
2622:Related articles
2559:Plant protection
1740:French intensive
1678:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1619:
1618:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1312:
1306:
1305:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1240:
1229:
1228:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1020:
1014:
1013:
997:
987:
978:
976:
958:
952:
951:
927:
921:
920:
918:
916:
896:
877:
876:
874:
872:
852:
831:
830:
828:
826:
810:
522:Belle de Livonie
468:
465:
464:
460:
412:
402:
401:
400:
379:
364:
354:Strandzha oak (
343:
328:
227:forms and spoke
16:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2704:
2695:
2691:Turf management
2676:Lists of plants
2671:List of gardens
2617:
2554:
2521:
2283:
1833:
1826:
1691:
1682:
1644:
1642:
1637:
1628:
1623:
1622:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1573:"'Alupka' Rose"
1570:
1569:
1565:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1460:
1458:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1321:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1295:
1285:
1278:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1254:
1252:
1242:
1241:
1232:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1120:
1110:
1103:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1076:
1066:
1059:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1010:
989:
988:
981:
973:
960:
959:
955:
948:
929:
928:
924:
914:
912:
898:
897:
880:
870:
868:
854:
853:
834:
824:
822:
812:
811:
807:
802:
698:Hybrid Noisette
641:Comtesse Pahlen
573:Blanche de Riga
539:Belle de Nikita
466:
462:
458:
456:
455:
446:
418:
413:
398:
397:
396:
391:
317:
297:
243:Napoleonic Wars
197:
173:Napoleonic Wars
55:
52:
51:6 December 1860
43:
30:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2828:
2826:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2762:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2739:
2727:
2715:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2666:Garden tourism
2663:
2658:
2656:Groundskeeping
2653:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2636:
2631:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2445:free-flowering
2442:
2437:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2293:
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1762:Groundskeeping
1759:
1758:
1757:
1755:computer-aided
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1634:
1627:
1626:External links
1624:
1621:
1620:
1615:helpmefind.com
1601:
1596:helpmefind.com
1582:
1577:helpmefind.com
1563:
1558:helpmefind.com
1544:
1539:helpmefind.com
1525:
1520:helpmefind.com
1506:
1501:helpmefind.com
1487:
1482:helpmefind.com
1468:
1443:
1438:helpmefind.com
1424:
1419:helpmefind.com
1405:
1400:helpmefind.com
1386:
1381:helpmefind.com
1367:
1362:helpmefind.com
1348:
1341:(in Russian).
1329:
1307:
1298:|journal=
1263:
1230:
1224: Hartwiss
1210:
1201:
1180:
1171:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1123:|journal=
1088:
1079:|journal=
1041:
1029:New York Times
1015:
1008:
979:
971:
953:
946:
922:
907:(in Russian).
878:
863:(in Russian).
832:
804:
803:
801:
798:
795:
794:
791:
790:
787:
784:
783:Gallica hybrid
781:
778:
777:Woldemar Hagen
774:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
757:
756:
753:
750:
749:Gallica hybrid
747:
744:
740:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
723:
722:
719:
716:
715:Gallica hybrid
713:
710:
709:Ombrée de Riga
706:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
689:
688:
685:
682:
681:Gallica hybrid
679:
676:
672:
671:
668:
665:
664:Gallica hybrid
662:
659:
655:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
638:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
621:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
604:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
587:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
570:
569:
566:
563:
562:Gallica hybrid
560:
557:
553:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
536:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
519:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
502:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
485:
484:
481:
478:
475:
472:
454:
451:
445:
442:
417:
416:Plant breeding
414:
409:botanical name
390:
389:
388:
369:
352:
333:
316:
313:
296:
293:
196:
193:
148:
147:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
93:
89:
88:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
53:
49:
45:
44:
41:Russian Empire
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2827:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2800:Rose breeders
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2750:
2749:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:Garden centre
2659:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2639:Floral design
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2505:reforestation
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Intercropping
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2357:
2356:most valuable
2354:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2324:Arboriculture
2322:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1917:Garden square
1915:
1914:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:Ancient Egypt
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:Garden design
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1548:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1510:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1387:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1330:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1303:
1290:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1136:
1133:
1128:
1115:
1099:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1071:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1001:
996:
995:
986:
984:
980:
974:
968:
964:
957:
954:
949:
943:
939:
935:
934:
926:
923:
910:
906:
902:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
879:
866:
862:
858:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
833:
820:
816:
809:
806:
799:
793:
792:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
775:
771:
768:
765:
762:
759:
758:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
741:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
724:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
707:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
690:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
673:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
656:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
639:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
622:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
605:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
588:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
571:
567:
564:
561:
558:
556:Belle de Riga
555:
554:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
537:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
520:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
503:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
486:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
469:
461:
452:
450:
443:
441:
434:
430:
426:
422:
415:
410:
406:
395:
392:The standard
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:
363:
362:
357:
353:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:
314:
312:
305:
301:
294:
292:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
266:
263:
259:
255:
250:
246:
244:
239:
237:
232:
230:
226:
225:Baltic German
222:
218:
214:
210:
207:near Wolmar,
206:
202:
194:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:Baltic German
162:
158:
154:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
87:
86:plant breeder
83:
80:
78:Occupation(s)
76:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
54:Artek, Crimea
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
28:
24:
17:
2746:
2734:
2722:
2703:
2606:Weed control
2495:horticulture
2425:Olericulture
2405:Hydroculture
2395:Fruticulture
2373:Floriculture
2302:Permaculture
2289:Horticulture
1685:Horticulture
1643:. Retrieved
1614:
1609:HelpMeFind.
1604:
1595:
1590:HelpMeFind.
1585:
1576:
1571:HelpMeFind.
1566:
1557:
1552:HelpMeFind.
1547:
1538:
1533:HelpMeFind.
1528:
1519:
1514:HelpMeFind.
1509:
1500:
1495:HelpMeFind.
1490:
1481:
1476:HelpMeFind.
1471:
1459:. Retrieved
1456:Help Me Find
1455:
1446:
1437:
1432:HelpMeFind.
1427:
1418:
1413:HelpMeFind.
1408:
1399:
1394:HelpMeFind.
1389:
1380:
1375:HelpMeFind.
1370:
1361:
1356:HelpMeFind.
1351:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1310:
1289:cite journal
1277:. Retrieved
1275:(in Russian)
1266:
1253:. Retrieved
1251:(in Russian)
1248:
1223:
1213:
1204:
1192:. Retrieved
1183:
1174:
1162:. Retrieved
1153:
1144:
1135:
1114:cite journal
1102:. Retrieved
1100:(in Russian)
1091:
1070:cite journal
1058:. Retrieved
1056:(in Russian)
1032:. Retrieved
1028:
1018:
993:
962:
956:
932:
925:
913:. Retrieved
908:
904:
869:. Retrieved
864:
860:
823:. Retrieved
818:
808:
613:China hybrid
545:China hybrid
494:China hybrid
447:
438:
376:
359:
340:
337:Cupressaceae
325:
322:Boraginaceae
309:
303:
282:
267:
251:
247:
240:
233:
200:
198:
160:
156:
152:
151:
2775:1860 deaths
2770:1793 births
2748:WikiProject
2517:Monoculture
2512:Viticulture
2490:agriculture
2450:propagation
2390:Hügelkultur
2312:sustainable
2297:Agriculture
2239:Therapeutic
2219:Shakespeare
2030:Renaissance
1822:Xeriscaping
1817:Sustainable
1812:Square foot
1802:Proplifting
1767:Garden tool
1735:Foodscaping
579:Alba hybrid
528:Alba hybrid
373:Paeoniaceae
295:Exploration
126:H.H. Steven
123:Predecessor
92:Employer(s)
60:Nationality
29:24 May 1793
2764:Categories
2410:Indigenous
2307:stock-free
2279:Zoological
2159:Pollinator
2052:Greenhouse
1995:Sharawadgi
1983:Vietnamese
1944:East Asian
1852:Australian
1807:Raised bed
1772:Green wall
1645:10 January
1322:10 January
1009:0860915468
947:0140266534
800:References
743:Prometheus
505:Belle Lila
444:Roses bred
258:New Russia
229:Low German
2681:Perennial
2644:Floristry
2591:Pesticide
2571:Herbicide
2566:Fungicide
2460:hardiness
2224:Shrubbery
2204:Sculpture
2025:landscape
1954:Cantonese
1929:Container
1924:Community
1892:Byzantine
1887:Butterfly
1877:Botanical
1777:Guerrilla
1725:Community
1715:Butterfly
1710:Arboretum
1705:Allotment
1697:Gardening
1689:gardening
1034:24 August
435:(1828-46)
260:, to the
159:Гартвис,
139:Parent(s)
118:1827–1860
70:Education
2724:Category
2634:Features
2540:Grafting
2500:forestry
2482:Tropical
2467:Pomology
2440:cuttings
2435:breeding
2269:Wildlife
2249:Tropical
2199:Scottish
2149:Pleasure
2137:Paradise
2132:Charbagh
2102:Monastic
2097:Medieval
2007:Floating
1961:Japanese
1912:Communal
1902:Colonial
1867:Biblical
1832:Types of
1797:Parterre
1461:22 April
1345:: 49–55.
1279:25 April
1261:No date.
1255:25 April
1194:30 April
1164:30 April
1104:25 April
1060:25 April
915:25 April
871:25 April
825:25 April
780:<1834
763:<1834
760:Violacea
746:<1834
735:Rich red
729:<1834
712:<1834
678:<1834
661:<1834
644:<1834
627:<1834
576:<1834
559:<1834
508:<1834
491:<1834
399:Hartwiss
356:Fagaceae
278:Caucasus
274:Abkhazia
205:Kokenhof
187:and the
82:botanist
33:Kokenhof
2736:Commons
2649:Ikebana
2601:Pruning
2527:Organic
2477:Roguing
2363:Cutting
2254:Victory
2229:Spanish
2209:Sensory
2154:Prairie
2122:Persian
2112:Orchard
2077:Kitchen
2072:Keyhole
2067:Italian
2062:Islamic
2057:Hanging
2016:French
2002:Fernery
1990:English
1949:Chinese
1934:Cottage
1862:Baroque
1834:gardens
1787:History
911:. Yalta
867:. Yalta
786:unknown
769:unknown
752:unknown
718:unknown
684:unknown
667:unknown
650:unknown
633:unknown
599:unknown
565:unknown
531:unknown
514:unknown
511:Gallica
497:unknown
483:Extant
385:Trautv.
349:Koeppen
315:Eponyms
289:Ayu-Dag
276:in the
217:Estonia
209:Livonia
201:Hartwiß
185:Georgia
144:Livonia
64:Russian
2486:Urban
2383:Taiwan
2378:Canada
2341:Botany
2334:Saikei
2329:Bonsai
2274:Winter
2259:Walled
2194:School
2189:Sacred
2144:Physic
2107:Mughal
2087:Market
2042:German
2020:formal
2012:Flower
1978:Korean
1897:Cactus
1882:Bottle
1842:Alpine
1792:Native
1745:Garden
1730:Forest
1006:
969:
944:
480:Colour
457:": -->
433:Crimea
429:Alupka
405:citing
366:Steven
345:Steven
270:Crimea
236:Dorpat
213:Latvia
189:Crimea
169:Dorpat
131:Spouse
101:Crimea
2430:Plant
2368:Flora
2317:urban
2264:Water
2244:Trial
2214:Shade
2174:Roman
2047:Greek
2037:Front
1939:Dutch
1907:Color
789:Lost
772:Lost
755:Lost
738:Lost
721:Lost
701:Cream
687:Lost
670:Lost
653:Lost
636:Lost
602:Lost
585:Lost
582:White
568:Lost
534:Lost
517:Lost
500:Lost
381:hort.
330:Regel
285:Artek
107:Title
97:Yalta
2351:Crop
2184:Rose
2179:Roof
2169:Rock
2164:Rain
2127:Bāgh
2092:Mary
2082:Knot
1966:Roji
1857:Back
1687:and
1647:2014
1463:2013
1324:2014
1302:help
1281:2012
1257:2012
1196:2013
1166:2013
1127:help
1106:2012
1083:help
1062:2012
1036:2015
1004:ISBN
967:ISBN
942:ISBN
917:2012
873:2012
827:2012
704:Yes
695:1829
619:Yes
610:1829
593:1829
551:Yes
548:Pink
542:1829
525:1827
477:Type
474:Date
471:Name
459:edit
272:and
195:Life
177:Riga
115:Term
84:and
48:Died
26:Born
2234:Tea
1971:Zen
1872:Bog
1343:100
427:in
383:ex
347:ex
2766::
1613:.
1594:.
1575:.
1556:.
1537:.
1518:.
1499:.
1480:.
1454:.
1436:.
1417:.
1398:.
1379:.
1360:.
1293::
1291:}}
1287:{{
1247:.
1233:^
1221:.
1118::
1116:}}
1112:{{
1074::
1072:}}
1068:{{
1044:^
1027:.
1002:.
1000:87
982:^
940:.
938:92
909:92
903:.
881:^
865:83
859:.
835:^
817:.
431:,
407:a
375:)
358:)
339:)
324:)
280:.
231:.
157:де
99:,
39:,
35:,
1677:e
1670:t
1663:v
1649:.
1617:.
1598:.
1579:.
1560:.
1541:.
1522:.
1503:.
1484:.
1465:.
1440:.
1421:.
1402:.
1383:.
1364:.
1326:.
1304:)
1300:(
1283:.
1259:.
1227:.
1198:.
1168:.
1129:)
1125:(
1108:.
1085:)
1081:(
1064:.
1038:.
1012:.
975:.
950:.
919:.
875:.
829:.
463:]
411:.
371:(
335:(
320:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.