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was the
Division of Biology and Medicine. The Division was charged with maintenance of experimental studies and field studies. The Division was required to collect and analyze data from internal and external sources. In 1949, Smith performed a theoretical analysis of the long term aspects of Project
234:
Sr-90 is by far the most hazardous isotope resulting from nuclear detonations, and that the distribution of this isotope over large areas of the earth's surface constitutes the limiting factor in estimating the long-range hazard from the use of a large number of atomic
197:(A.E.C.)'s Division of Biology and Medicine, and performed calculations to determine the theoretical number of atomic bomb detonations necessary to achieve significant radiation exposure and radioactive material fallout. In 1951 after the
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Shrader, Charles R. (October 2005). History of
Operations Research in the United States Army. OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY UNDER SECRETARY OF THE ARMY FOR OPERATIONS RESEARCH. UNITED STATES ARMY. Washington, D.C.
548:
Greenfield, N.M., Kellogg, W.W., Krieger, F.J., and Rapp, R.R. (1 July 1954). Transport and early deposition of radioactive debris from atomic explosions, Project
Aureole. Rand Corporation. R-265-AEC.
774:
432:
Smith Jr, Nicholas M. (15 September 1939). The
Energies Released in the Reactions Li 7 (p, α) He 4 and Li 6 (d, α) He 4, and the Masses of the Light Atoms. Physical Review. 56(6): 548.
423: : accessed 21 August 2015), Nicholas M Smith, Ward 5, Chicago, Chicago City, Cook, Illinois, United States. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration. 2012.
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Army
Research and Development. (1964). Army Research and Development. Development and Engineering Directorate, U. S. Army Materiel Development and Readiness Command. Washington, D.C.
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Editor. (March 1973). Forum. American
Society for Cybernetics. Journal of Cybernetics. Transactions of the American Society for Cybernetics. Nicholas M. Smith, Editor. 5(1): 2–4.
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Smith Jr., Nicholas M. (4 July 1950). Apparatus for observing the conduct of a projectile in a gun. U.S. Patent No. 2,514,297. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office.
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Van Allen, James A., & Smith Jr, N. M. (1941). The
Absolute Cross Section for the Photo-Disintegration of Deuterium by 6.2-Mev Quanta. Physical Review. 59(7): 618.
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Hewlett, Richard G. & Holl, Jack M. (1989). Atoms for Peace and War, 1953–1961: Eisenhower and the Atomic Energy
Commission. University of California Press.
611:
Smith Jr., Nicholas M. (12 October 1954). Microwave measuring of projectile speed. U.S. Patent No. 2,691,761. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office.
530:
Smith, N.M. (12 November 1949). First revised report of the Project Gabriel. U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION. Division of Biology and Medicine. Washington, D.C.
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Van Allen, James A., & Smith Jr, N. M. (1941). The absolute number of quanta from the bombardment of fluorine with protons. Physical Review. 59(6): 501.
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effect. With this information, the A.E.C.'s staff of the Division of Biology and Medicine concluded this to be extremely remote and dubbed the study as
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Smith, N.M. (8 November 1951). Gabriel Project. Reopened. U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION. Division of Biology and Medicine. Washington, D.C.
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PROJECT GABRIEL. (July 1954). REPORT ON PROJECT GABRIEL. U.S. ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION. Division of Biology and Medicine. Washington, D.C.
473:
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. (July 1954). Report on Project GABRIEL. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Division of Biology and Medicine.
491:
Creager, Angela N. H. (2 October 2013). Life Atomic: A History of Radioisotopes in Science and Medicine. University of Chicago Press.
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Hacker, Barton C. (1994). Elements of Controversy: The Atomic Energy Commission and Radiation Safety. University of California Press.
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247:, and was charged with analyzing the short term characteristics of nuclear fallout. The study was dubbed Project AUREOLE.
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Smith, N. M. (1969). A Rationale for Value Analysis of Nuclear War. Research Analysis Corporation. McLean, Virginia.
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Editor. (9 August 2003). Nicholas Smith Jr. Dies, Nuclear Physicist and Research Consultant. The Washington Post.
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For 20 years, Smith worked at Research Analysis Corporation as leader in the Advanced Research Department, a
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tests, Smith reassessed the earlier calculations and estimates. He determined that detonation of 100,000
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410: : accessed 21 August 2015), Nicholas Monroe Smith Jr, Tennessee, United States, 12 Aug 2003.
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90:. He worked in the Ryerson Physical Laboratory, At University of Chicago, his advisor was
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United States, Genealogy Bank Obituaries, 1980–2014. Database with images, FamilySearch (
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in the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. In addition to Allison, Smith worked with
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and research consultant. Smith was an expert on reactor physics, a developer of
30:/computer modeling, and a computer applications consultant. He had ties to the
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70:. According to the US Census, in 1940 Smith and his wife Elizabeth resided in
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271:. His department produced numerous professional papers, including two
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Badash, Lawrence. (July 2009). A Nuclear Winter's Tale. MIT Press.
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United States Census, 1940," database with images, FamilySearch (
54:, the son of Nick Monroe Smith and Mary Gossett. He attended the
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In 1949, Smith at Oak Ridge conducted a study sponsored by the
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Apparatus for observing the conduct of a projectile in a gun.
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from 1946 to 1951. He studied and reported on the dangers of
160:, and planned railway targets for airstrikes in support of
42:. Smith was a pioneer in the field of operations research.
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United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
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In 1971, Smith founded TELIMIS Corporation, based in
171:After World War II, Smith worked as a physicist at
152:. As a civilian scientist, he was assigned to the
408:https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QKWY-CK7Y
98:, the first controlled nuclear chain reaction by
775:Deaths from prostate cancer in the United States
421:https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KWYM-CJT
106:, Washington, D.C., and performed research with
102:. Smith landed a postdoctoral fellowship at the
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557:Editor. (1955). Science News. Science Service.
209:type bombs would be sufficient to achieve the
306:Smith died on August 7, 2003, at his home in
294:at the Washington Institute of Technology in
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282:, a company that developed applications in
164:. For this work he was presented with the
34:at Chicago and Oak Ridge, and worked with
230:GABRIEL. He reached the conclusion that:
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381:Microwave measuring of projectile speed.
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785:United States Army Air Forces officers
367:Operations Research Society of America
225:In the AEC, the group responsible for
94:and graduate studies involved work on
16:American nuclear physicist (1941–2003)
50:Smith was born on March 23, 1914, in
7:
750:Oak Ridge National Laboratory people
362:Society for General Systems Research
141:, Smith obtained a position at the
104:Carnegie Institution of Washington
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720:People from Little Rock, Arkansas
770:20th-century American physicists
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675:
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357:American Society for Cybernetics
765:American operations researchers
740:Johns Hopkins University people
780:Deaths from cancer in Maryland
269:nonlinear computer programming
1:
725:University of Arkansas alumni
263:. The focus of the work was
173:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
790:United States Army civilians
760:American computer scientists
730:University of Chicago alumni
390:Smith died August 7, 2003.
806:
286:. He went on to work as a
261:Operations Research Office
146:Applied Physics Laboratory
137:Following the outbreak of
22:(1914 – 2003) was a
351:Professional affiliations
20:Nicholas Monroe Smith Jr.
735:Manhattan Project people
259:funded successor to the
195:Atomic Energy Commission
143:Johns Hopkins University
46:Early life and education
755:American mathematicians
125:to locate and detonate
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117:to design an aircraft
56:University of Arkansas
280:Springfield, Virginia
275:prize-winning books.
243:completed a study of
133:Career as a physicist
121:system that utilized
76:University of Chicago
52:Little Rock, Arkansas
181:radioactive material
335:operations research
284:computer technology
251:Operations research
119:proximity detection
74:, Illinois. At the
28:operations research
682:History of science
646:Nuclear technology
321:Awards and honors
296:Fairfax, Virginia
58:and received his
32:Manhattan Project
24:nuclear physicist
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327:Medal of Freedom
241:RAND Corporation
166:Medal of Freedom
60:Bachelor of Arts
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315:prostate cancer
308:Lusby, Maryland
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292:chief scientist
267:simulation and
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245:Project GABRIEL
227:Project GABRIEL
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221:Project GABRIEL
215:Project GABRIEL
188:nuclear weapons
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108:James Van Allen
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96:Chicago Pile-1
92:Samuel Allison
78:, he earned a
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331:World War II
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139:World War II
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100:Enrico Fermi
49:
19:
18:
715:2003 deaths
710:1914 births
694:Mathematics
123:radio waves
86:degrees in
64:mathematics
704:Categories
394:References
312:metastatic
288:consultant
273:Lanchester
203:Greenhouse
62:degree in
670:Chemistry
634:Biography
265:war games
257:U.S. Army
177:Tennessee
112:physicist
345:Sigma Xi
333:work in
211:doomsday
207:Nagasaki
150:Maryland
129:shells.
84:doctoral
658:Physics
620:Portals
373:Patents
158:England
88:physics
82:'s and
72:Chicago
68:physics
329:, for
235:bombs.
199:Ranger
80:master
386:Death
310:, of
302:Death
186:from
162:D-Day
201:and
66:and
38:and
298:.
175:in
156:in
148:in
706::
505:^
455:^
317:.
217:.
190:.
168:.
622::
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