29:
178:
NMA, gave approval for a 50–50 share between foreign and domestic lines for non-conference cargos. However, in 1988 the 24 ships of
Nigerian national carriers including the NNSL took only 11% of the cargoes at Nigerian ports. The NNSL and the private companies suffered from financial problems and lacked the facilities needed to attract cargoes. In the 1990s several of the company's vessels were seized in different parts of the world for alleged breach of contract and unpaid bills.
112:, both British companies, while the Nigerian government held 51%. In 1961, the Nigerian government acquired all the shares. The NNSL started operations in 1959 with three vessels. Nigerian seamen who had been employed by British shipping companies in the colonial era moved to work for the Nigerian Line. By 1964 it had grown to a total of 16 vessels. The public company was assisted by private businessmen. The tycoon Sir
177:
granted six
Nigerian shipping lines "national carrier" status, including the state-owned Nigerian National Shipping Line. The NMA planned to extend this status to more domestic companies so as to reduce control of trade by foreign-owned lines. The Shipping Policy Decree of 1987, which established the
140:
announced an extensive program to revive the economy. In place of expensive hired vessels two new ships were bought for the NNSL and the ports at
Calabar and Port Harcourt were rehabilitated. In 1977 the government ordered construction of 19 new vessels to replace the aging fleet. By 1979 the company
169:
had estimated would come from entry of
Nigeria into shipping. The findings were that the investment had made no significant contribution to Gross Domestic Product, employment, the balance of payments, exercising countervailing power, national security or the country's image. The gains had been less
152:
talked to reporters about his first 100 days in office. He said that during this period the NNSL increased its percentage of imported goods from about 8% to 11.3% and had started bringing in components for the
Peugeot assembly plant in Kaduna, components that had previously been flown in. On a less
95:
government in 1959. Despite heavy investment and subsidies, the state-owned company was unable to compete with
European lines. Much of the investment went to enriching the political elite. Deeply indebted, the NNSL was liquidated in 1995 and all 21 of its vessels were sold.
190:, began commercial operations in July 1996 as Nigeria's national flag carrier. The NUL had just one ship, MV Abuja. In August 2005 the government put the NUL up for sale. The company now had no vessels, but owned a shipping license. In July 2010 it was reported that the
136:
the army made free use of the NNSL for transport of troops. The ships played a key role in the advances along the coast in 1969. With the end of the Civil War in
January 1970, General
966:
842:
194:, the successor to the NMA, had completed arrangements to establish a new national shipping line for Nigeria. A fresh attempt was made to relaunch and sell the NUL in 2011.
191:
166:
153:
positive note, heroin smuggling by crew members was a significant issue in the 1970s and 1980s, with
Nigeria serving as a major transit point for drugs bound for Europe.
961:
721:
976:
956:
971:
951:
186:
The NNSL was liquidated in
September 1995. Its assets were assumed by the newly formed National Unity Line (NUL). The NUL, fully owned by the
931:
772:
741:
554:
533:
359:
905:
812:
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873:
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667:
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846:
584:
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564:
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174:
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28:
705:
501:
142:
121:
113:
105:
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927:
921:
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808:
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690:
663:
642:
621:
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863:
686:
657:
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615:
523:
116:
was an early member of the board, before dying in 1966. The chairman from 1967 to 1973 was
141:
had 24 oceangoing ships. The NNSL was an important source of training for seamen of the
923:
Seas and waterways of the world: an encyclopedia of history, uses, and issues, Volume 1
945:
679:
149:
137:
568:
117:
162:
104:
Nigeria formed the NNSL in 1957. At first 33% of the capital was held by the
109:
617:
The advance of
African capital: the growth of Nigerian private enterprise
782:
Sauvant, Karl Peter; Mallampally, Padma; Dunning, John H., eds. (1993).
659:
The political economy of international shipping in developing countries
92:
70:
124:, who later became a highly successful businessman in his own right.
822:
64:
742:"Ship owners express interest in management of national carrier"
431:
429:
408:
886:
President and power in Nigeria: the life of Shehu Shagari
447:
585:"BPE renews moves to privatise national shipping line"
569:"Matters Arising on Establishment of National Carrier"
543:
Bassey, Celestine Oyom; Oshita, Oshita, eds. (2010).
77:
59:
51:
43:
35:
678:
329:
192:Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency
170:than the opportunity costs of the resources used.
167:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
920:Zumerchik, John; Danver, Steven Laurence (2010).
502:"Nigeria's maritime: Still all foreigners affair"
459:
435:
372:
677:Ihonvbere, Julius O.; Shaw, Timothy M. (1998).
358:sfn error: no target: CITEREFBasseyOshita2010 (
221:
209:
722:"FG urged to float new national shipping line"
233:
906:"Nigeria Puts National Shipping Line on Sale"
587:. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012
317:
305:
8:
904:Xinhua News Agency - CEIS (20 August 2005).
353:
21:
420:
967:Transport companies disestablished in 1995
165:compared results to the benefits that the
20:
805:Nation on Board: Becoming Nigerian at Sea
681:Illusions of power: Nigeria in transition
635:Gwilliam, K. M.; Molenaar, H. J. (1993).
865:Mke Nyumbani: Alice Taabu's cookery book
546:Governance and Border Security in Africa
341:
962:Transport companies established in 1959
500:Airahuobhor, Andrew (16 October 2010).
396:
384:
269:
257:
202:
785:Transnational corporations in services
598:
483:
245:
843:"The proposed National Shipping Line"
807:. Athens, OH: Ohio University Press.
293:
7:
638:Current issues in maritime economics
471:
281:
525:Kaduna: A Tale of an African Mafia
14:
977:1995 disestablishments in Nigeria
656:Iheduru, Okechukwu Chris (1996).
161:A 1987 study of the NNSL for the
957:Defunct companies based in Lagos
662:. University of Delaware Press.
120:Adekunle Ojora, formerly of the
27:
409:Daily Independent 24 March 2011
89:Nigerian National Shipping Line
22:Nigerian National Shipping Line
972:1959 establishments in Nigeria
845:. 21 July 2010. Archived from
685:. Africa World Press. p.
620:. Edinburgh University Press.
583:Ezem, Francis (1 April 2011).
91:(NNSL) was established by the
1:
952:Shipping companies of Nigeria
522:Azichukwu, Ikechukwu (2010).
507:The Daily Independent (Lagos)
549:. African Books Collective.
373:Gwilliam & Molenaar 1993
868:. East African Publishers.
706:"Wearing shades in Nigeria"
448:Nigerian Daily 7 April 2011
210:Zumerchik & Danver 2010
175:National Maritime Authority
993:
188:Nigeria Maritime Authority
148:In January 1980 President
605:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
306:Ihonvbere & Shaw 1998
26:
883:Williams, David (1982).
764:The Future That Vanished
614:Forrest, Tom G. (1994).
354:Bassey & Oshita 2010
16:Shipping line of Nigeria
767:. Xlibris Corporation.
720:Next (28 August 2009).
528:. Dorrance Publishing.
330:Shiptalk 23 March 2011
143:Nigerian Merchant Navy
862:Taabu, Alice (2001).
803:Schler, Lynn (2016).
460:Sun News 21 July 2010
436:Xinhua 20 August 2005
122:United Africa Company
761:Odu, P. J. (2009).
704:Maritime Advocate.
222:Next 28 August 2009
106:Elder Dempster Line
81:Nigerian government
23:
234:Sauvant et al 1993
134:Nigerian Civil War
933:978-1-85109-711-1
823:"Missing Masters"
774:978-1-4415-3972-4
567:(24 March 2011).
565:Daily Independent
556:978-978-8422-07-5
535:978-1-4349-9905-4
318:Maritime Advocate
85:
84:
984:
937:
916:
914:
912:
900:
879:
858:
856:
854:
849:on 26 March 2012
838:
836:
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778:
757:
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753:
737:
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733:
724:. Archived from
716:
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700:
684:
673:
652:
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610:
604:
596:
594:
592:
579:
577:
575:
560:
539:
518:
516:
514:
487:
481:
475:
469:
463:
457:
451:
445:
439:
433:
424:
421:Airahuobhor 2010
418:
412:
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400:
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382:
376:
370:
364:
363:
351:
345:
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327:
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267:
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829:. 23 March 2011
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728:on 4 March 2016
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108:and 16% by the
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814:978-0821422182
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748:. 7 April 2011
746:Nigerian Daily
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486:, p. 240.
476:
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365:
356:, p. 291.
346:
344:, p. 121.
334:
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298:
286:
284:, p. 127.
274:
272:, p. 124.
262:
250:
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236:, p. 171.
226:
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212:, p. 640.
201:
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892:
889:. Routledge.
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875:9966-25-021-2
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788:. Routledge.
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399:, p. 49.
398:
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387:, p. 64.
386:
381:
378:
375:, p. 57.
374:
369:
366:
361:
355:
350:
347:
343:
342:Williams 1982
338:
335:
331:
326:
323:
319:
314:
311:
308:, p. 74.
307:
302:
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296:, p. 45.
295:
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278:
275:
271:
266:
263:
260:, p. 76.
259:
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206:
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154:
151:
150:Shehu Shagari
146:
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39:Shipping line
38:
34:
30:
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926:. ABC-CLIO.
922:
909:. Retrieved
885:
864:
851:. Retrieved
847:the original
831:. Retrieved
826:
804:
784:
763:
750:. Retrieved
745:
730:. Retrieved
726:the original
709:. Retrieved
680:
658:
641:. Springer.
637:
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589:. Retrieved
572:. Retrieved
545:
524:
511:. Retrieved
505:
492:
491:
479:
467:
455:
443:
416:
404:
397:Forrest 1994
392:
385:Iheduru 1996
380:
368:
349:
337:
325:
313:
301:
289:
277:
270:Forrest 1994
265:
258:Forrest 1994
253:
241:
229:
217:
205:
185:
173:In 1988 the
172:
160:
147:
138:Yakubu Gowon
131:
114:Louis Ojukwu
103:
88:
86:
60:Headquarters
36:Company type
18:
484:Schler 2016
248:, p. .
246:Schler 2016
132:During the
946:Categories
294:Taabu 2001
198:References
163:World Bank
472:Ezem 2011
182:Successor
128:Expansion
110:Palm Line
100:Formation
827:Shiptalk
601:cite web
282:Odu 2009
93:Nigerian
911:24 June
853:24 June
833:24 June
752:24 June
732:24 June
711:24 June
591:24 June
574:24 June
513:24 June
493:Sources
157:Decline
71:Nigeria
52:Defunct
44:Founded
930:
893:
872:
811:
792:
771:
693:
666:
645:
624:
553:
532:
118:Oloye
78:Owner
65:Lagos
928:ISBN
913:2011
891:ISBN
870:ISBN
855:2011
835:2011
809:ISBN
790:ISBN
769:ISBN
754:2011
734:2011
713:2011
691:ISBN
664:ISBN
643:ISBN
622:ISBN
607:link
593:2011
576:2011
551:ISBN
530:ISBN
515:2011
360:help
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
