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884:: "At the time when a given stratum was being formed, there was beneath it another substance which prevented the further descent of the comminuted matter and so at the time when the lowest stratum was being formed either another solid substance was beneath it, or if some fluid existed there, then it was not only of a different character from the upper fluid, but also heavier than the solid sediment of the upper fluid."
898:: "At the time when any given stratum was being formed it was either encompassed on its sides by another solid substance, or it covered the entire spherical surface of the earth. Hence it follows that in whatever place the bared sides of the strata are seen, either a continuation of the same strata must be sought, or another solid substance must be found which kept the matter of the strata from dispersion."
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1149:, when it became clear he was not accepted in Hamburg. Steensen dressed like a poor man in an old cloak. He drove in an open carriage in snow and rain. Living four days a week on bread and beer, he became emaciated. When Steensen had fulfilled his mission, some years of difficult tasks, he wanted to go back to Italy.
516:
to pursue medical studies. After completing his university education, Steensen set out to travel through Europe; in fact, he would be on the move for the rest of his life. In the
Netherlands, France, Italy and Germany he came into contact with prominent physicians and scientists. These influences led
406:
Steensen was trained in the classical texts on science; however, by 1659 he seriously questioned accepted knowledge of the natural world. Importantly he questioned explanations for tear production, the idea that fossils grew in the ground and explanations of rock formation. His investigations and his
818:
Steensen's work on shark teeth led him to the question of how any solid object could come to be found inside another solid object, such as a rock or a layer of rock. The "solid bodies within solids" that attracted
Steensen's interest included not only fossils, as we would define them today, but
3228:
Tubbs, R. Shane; Gianaris, Nicholas; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios; Cohen Gadol, Aaron A. (2010). ""The heart is simply a muscle" and first description of the tetralogy of "Fallot". Early contributions to cardiac anatomy and pathology by bishop and anatomist Niels
Stensen (1638–1686)".
991:. After making comparative theological studies, including reading the Church Fathers and by using his natural observational skills, he decided that Catholicism, rather than Lutheranism, provided more sustenance for his constant inquisitiveness. In 1667, Steensen converted to Catholicism on
57:
1044:
At the beginning of 1675, Steensen decided to continue his theological studies, which he had begun even before his conversion, toward his ordination to the priesthood. After only 4 months, he was ordained priest and celebrated his first Mass on 13 April 1675 in the
810:
published in 1616. Steensen added to
Colonna's theory a discussion on the differences in composition between glossopetrae and living sharks' teeth, arguing that the chemical composition of fossils could be altered without changing their form, using the contemporary
426:
family, Steensen converted to
Catholicism in 1667. After his conversion, his interest in the natural sciences rapidly waned giving way to his interest in theology. At the beginning of 1675, he decided to become a priest. Four months later, he was
2028:
Romano, Marco (2014). "'The vain speculation disillusioned by the sense': The
Italian painter Agostino Scilla (1629–1700) called 'The Discoloured', and the correct interpretation of fossils as 'lithified organisms' that once lived in the sea".
504:. He became ill at age three, suffering from an unknown disease, and grew up in isolation during his childhood. In 1644 his father died, after which his mother married another goldsmith. In 1654–1655, 240 pupils of his school died due to the
1347:
Nicolai
Stenonis Observationes anatomicae quibus varia oris, oculorum et narium vasa describuntur, novique salivae, lacrymarum et muci fontes deteguntur, et novum nobilissimi Bilsii de lymphae motu et usu commentum examinatur et
1493:
Steno took his surname from his father's given name. In accordance with the academic customs of his time, Nicolas latinized the Danish form of his name Niels Ste(e)nsen as
Nicolaus Stenonis. The English form,
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in 1938. In 1953 his grave in the crypt of the church of San
Lorenzo was opened as part of the beatification process. His corpse was transferred to a fourth-century Christian sarcophagus found in the river
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1429:
The
Prodromus of Nicolaus Steno's Dissertation concerning a solid body enclosed by process of nature within a solid; an English version with an introduction and explanatory notes by John Garrett Winter
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Nicolai Stenonis epistolae et epistolae ad eum datae quas cum prooemio ac notis germanice scriptis edidit Gustav Scherz. Volume 2, page 997. Kopenhagen und Freiburg, Nordisk Forlag und Herder, 1952.
1152:
Before he could return, Steensen became severely ill, his belly swelling day by day. Steensen died in Germany, after much suffering. His corpse was shipped to Florence by Kerckring upon request of
959:, states that the angles between corresponding faces on crystals are the same for all specimens of the same mineral. Steensen's seminal work paved the way for the law of the rationality of the
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2947:
Niccolò Stenone (1638–1686) : anatomista, geologo, vescovo; atti del seminario organizzato da Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromsø e l'Accademia de Danimarca, lunedì 23 ottobre 2000
2802:
The prodromus of Nicolaus Steno's dissertation: concerning a solid body enclosed by progress of nature within a solid – an English version with an introduction and explanatory notes
411:
and modern geology. The importance of Steensen's foundational contributions to geology may be gauged from the fact that half of the twenty papers in a recent miscellany volume on
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expressly asked what were the reasons why he decided to become priest. Steensen had left natural sciences for education and theology and became one of the leading figures in the
3772:
1236:, awarded by the Geological Society of Denmark, honors prominent geologists who have made significant contributions to Danish and Greenland geology, and is named in his honor.
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668:) in sheep, dog and rabbit heads. A dispute with Blasius over credit for the discovery arose, but Steensen's name remained associated with this structure known today as the
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Nicolai Steensennis Elementorum Myologiae Specimen, seu Musculi Descriptio Geometrica, cui accedunt canis carchariae dissectum caput et dissectus piscis ex canum genere...
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794:, for example, attributed fossils to a "lapidifying virtue diffused through the whole body of the geocosm", considered an inherent characteristic of the earth – an
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Nicolas Steno's Dissertation Concerning a Solid Body Enclosed by Process of Nature within a Solid: An English Version with an Introduction and Explanatory Notes
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1121:, had made fun of Steensen's piousness; he had sold his bishop's ring and cross to help the needy. He continued zealously the work of counter reform begun by
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in 1669. This book was his last scientific work of note. Steensen was not the first to identify fossils as being from living organisms; his contemporary
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Tertsch, H. (1958): Niels Stensen und die Kristallographie. Acta historica Scientiarum Naturalium et Medicinalium, Copenhagen, 15, 120–139 (in German).
1249:
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1033:, but he did read Witsen's book on shipbuilding. In 1671 he accepted the post of professor of anatomy in the University of Copenhagen, but promised
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3737:
2669:
2264:"Pulchra sunt, quae videntur pulchriora quae sciuntur longe pulcherrima quae ignorantur. From a 1673 speech for the Copenhagen Anatomical Theatre"
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Perrini, Paolo; Lanzino, Giuseppe; Parenti, Giuliano Francesco (2010). "Niels Stensen (1638–1686): Scientist, Neuroanatomist, and Saint".
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bore a striking resemblance to certain stony objects, found embedded within rock formations, that his learned contemporaries were calling
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Steensen's life and work has been studied, in particular in relation to the developments in geology in the late nineteenth century.
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On the other days there were never more than four courses plus a dessert, even though noblemen from the court often dined with him.
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The Istituto Niels Stensen was founded in 1964 in Florence, Italy. Administered by the Jesuit Order, it is dedicated to his memory.
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The Seashell on the Mountaintop: A Story of Science, Sainthood, and the Humble Genius Who Discovered a New History of the Earth
1995:
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891:: "At the time when one of the upper strata was being formed, the lower stratum had already gained the consistency of a solid."
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family. In 1946 his grave was opened, and the corpse was reburied after a procession through the streets of the city.
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subsequent conclusions on fossils and rock formation have led scholars to consider him one of the founders of modern
1221:, Denmark, named after Niels Steensen, holds exhibitions on the history of science and medicine. It also operates a
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came to know and esteem Steensen in Hannover and expressed deep regrets that he had abandoned his earlier studies.
1100:
708:, Steensen proposed a geometrical model of muscles to show that a contracting muscle changes its shape but not its
3158:"The bishop and anatomist Niels Stensen (1638–1686) and his contributions to our early understanding of the brain"
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donated by the Italian state. His remains were placed in a lateral chapel of the church that received the name of
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Steensen traveled to Hungary, Austria and in Spring 1670 he arrived in Amsterdam. There he met with old friends
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1092:, then Steensen's pupil. Leibniz recommended a reunification of the churches. Steensen worked at the city of
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faith, he nevertheless questioned its teachings, something which became a burning issue when confronted with
512:(who would offer Steensen a post as professor in Copenhagen in 1671). At the age of 19, Steensen entered the
3156:
Tubbs, R. Shane; Mortazavi, Martin M.; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Loukas, Marios; Cohen Gadol, Aaron A. (2010).
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778:
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111:
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632:
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Kardel, Troels (1990). "Niels Stensen's geometrical theory of muscle contraction (1667): A reappraisal".
1141:. There Steensen became involved again in the study of the brain and the nerve system with an old friend
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1998:, internet site of Centro dei Musei di Scienze Naturali, university of Naples Retrieved 10 January 2012.
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In 1683, Steensen resigned as auxiliary bishop after an argument about the election of the new bishop,
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After travelling through France, he settled in Italy in 1666 – at first as professor of anatomy at the
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who were interested in new research and in demonstrations of his skills. In 1665 Steensen travelled to
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Four centuries of geological travel : the search for knowledge on foot, bicycle, sledge and camel
101:
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3727:
3438:"Nicholas Steno's way from experience to faith: Geological evolution and the original sin of mankind"
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recently published explanation of the origin of tears as produced by the brain. Invited to Paris by
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740:: Illustration from Steensen's 1667 paper comparing the teeth of a shark head with a fossil tooth.
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Nicolai Stenonis De Musculis et glandulis observationum specimen, cum epistolis duabus anatomicis
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In the year after he was made bishop, he was probably involved in the banning of publications by
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Dizionario Interdisciplinare di Scienza e Fede : Cultura Scientifica, Filosofia e Teologia
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Steensen's questioning mind also influenced his religious views. Having been brought up in the
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Sobiech, Frank (2015). "Science, Ethos, and Transcendence in the Anatomy of Nicolaus Steno".
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905:: "If a body or discontinuity cuts across a stratum, it must have formed after that stratum."
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In 1950 the "Niels Steensens Gymnasium", a Catholic preparatory school, was founded by the
913:. Steensen's ideas still form the basis of stratigraphy and were key in the development of
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During his stay in Amsterdam, Steensen discovered a previously undescribed structure, the "
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Molčanov, K.; Stilinović, V. (2014). "Chemical Crystallography before X-ray Diffraction".
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Preliminary discourse to a dissertation on a solid body naturally contained within a solid
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he discussed scientific and religious topics. The following quote is from a 1673 speech:
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in 1801. This fundamental breakthrough formed the basis of all subsequent inquiries into
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in the Catholic clergy on Easter Sunday in 1675. As a clergyman, he was later appointed
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2829:"On the origin of natural history: Steno's modern, but forgotten philosophy of science"
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Nicolai Stenonis solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus ...
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3141:. Vol. 13 – Seq to The. Catholic University Press/Thomas Gale. pp. 508–509.
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Blessed Nicholas Steno (1638–1686). Natural-History Research and Science of the Cross
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2737:
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Andrault, Raphaële (2010). "Mathématiser l'anatomie: La myologie de Stensen (1667)".
2613:"Nicolas Steno Google Doodle: Logo digs deep to celebrate Danish 'father of geology'"
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Steensen gave the first accurate observations on a type of crystal in his 1669 book
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Scherz, G. (2002). "Stensen, Niels, Bl.". In Catholic University of America (ed.).
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him to use his own powers of observation to make important scientific discoveries.
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Fair is what we see, Fairer what we have perceived, Fairest what is still in veil
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Portrait of Niels Steensen (1666–1677). Unsigned but attributed to court painter
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Nicolai Stenonis ad novae philosophiae reformatorem de vera philosophia epistola
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Prodromus to a Dissertation Concerning Solids Naturally Contained Within Solids
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2118:
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199:
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Radical enlightenment — philosophy and the making of modernity 1650–1750
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Die Bischöfe des Heiligen Römischen Reiches : ein biographisches Lexikon
1265:
1251:
1176:. Steensen's piety and virtue have been evaluated with a view to an eventual
17:
573:
529:
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436:
388:
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by Frank Sobiech, in: Australian EJournal of Theology, August 2005, Issue 5
3399:
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of 1669 is credited with four of the defining principles of the science of
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were organic matter (limestone) rather than soil minerals, in his treatise
756:, Grand Duke of Tuscany, ordered its head to be sent to Steensen. Steensen
56:
3472:
3319:"Thomas Bartholin (1616–80) And Niels Steensen (1638–86) Master And Pupil"
2890:
540:. Within a few months Steensen moved to Leiden, where he met the students
3549:
3512:
Nicolaus Steno: Biography and Original Papers of a 17th Century Scientist
3030:
Gevaarlijke kennis — inzicht en angst in de dagen van Jan Swammerdam
2673:
1516:
1321:
1307:, North Germany, built from 1989 to 1991, is dedicated to Niels Steensen.
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1093:
995:, influenced, among others, by Lavinia Cenami Arnolfini, a noblewoman of
988:
980:
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minerals, crystals, encrustations, veins, and even entire rock layers or
685:
494:
416:
228:
2752:. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 879.
2926:
2198:"Stephen A. Nelson (Tulane University) Introduction to Earth Materials"
1461:, edited by Wilhelm Maar... vol. II, Copenhagen : V. Tryde, (1910)
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820:
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525:
396:
392:
290:
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1449:, edited by Wilhelm Maar... vol. I, Copenhagen : V. Tryde, (1910)
3444:(GSM). Boulder, Co: Geological Society of America. pp. 179–186.
2835:(GSM). Boulder, Co: Geological Society of America. pp. 159–178.
2811:
2123:. Translated by Winter, John. New York, Macmillan; London, Macmillan.
1218:
848:
De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus
825:
De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento dissertationis prodromus
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709:
677:
581:
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835:
also argued that fossils were the remains of once-living organisms.
3442:
The Revolution in Geology from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment
3408:
The Revolution in Geology from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment
3119:
Nicholas Steno's challenge for Truth. Reconciling science and faith
3002:
De doodskunstenaar — de anatomische lessen van Frederik Ruysch
2833:
The Revolution in Geology from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment
1774:
The Revolution in Geology from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment
786:. Others were of the opinion, also following ancient authors, that
413:
The Revolution in Geology from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment
1172:
After his death in 1686, Steensen was venerated as a saint in the
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842:
802:, however, had already shown by burning the material to show that
745:
732:
673:
468:
2642:
2070:
2068:
1186:
1088:, the librarian; the two argued about Spinoza and his letter to
783:
782:, had suggested that these stones fell from the sky or from the
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the head and published his findings in 1667. He noted that the
3567:
Steensen's Amazing Neuroanatomy Lecture Sticks After 339 Years
611:, who supported arts and science and whom Steensen had met in
3650:
2432:
1320:, a research and teaching hospital dedicated to diabetes in
3571:
2018:
of Naples, who published his natural history notes in 1599.
2010:, Geologia: Colonna had been schooled in the collection of
921:
of seabed deposition, uplifting, erosion, and submersion.
2974:
Niels Stensen, 1638–1686: The Scientist Who Was Beatified
2945:. In Ascani, Karen; Kermit, Hans; Skytte, Gunver (eds.).
1452:
1421:
Florentiae : ex typographia sub signo Stellae (1669)
1412:
3434:
Selected papers on the life and works of Niels Stensen.*
3362:
Niels Stensen : sein Leben in Dokumenten u. Bildern
2645:. In Strumia, Alberto; Tanzella-Nitti, Giuseppe (eds.).
3381:"Niels Stensen Prestigious scholar of the 17th century"
2385:
2383:
1901:
1899:
1552:(in German). Berlin: Duncker und Humblot. p. 516.
2289:
2287:
2285:
909:
These principles were applied and extended in 1772 by
3604:
3379:
Holomanova, A.; Ivanova, A.; Brucknerova, I. (2002).
2585:"Nicolas Steno: The saint who undermined creationism"
2535:
2343:
2221:
2219:
2217:
1693:
1691:
1330:
On 11 January 2012, Steensen was commemorated with a
929:
Further information on crystallographic indices:
790:
naturally grew in the rocks. Steensen's contemporary
768:
or "tongue stones". Ancient authorities, such as the
1666:
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1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1650:
744:
In October 1666, two fishermen caught a huge female
2145:
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1917:
Kooijmans, L. (2007) Gevaarlijke kennis, p. 99-100.
1484:
Friedrich von Tietzen, called Schlüter (1626–1696).
1393:
Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de médecine (Paris)
1389:
Florentiae : ex typ. sub signo Stellae, (1667)
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Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de médecine (Paris)
1354:
Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de médecine (Paris)
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89:
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66:
34:
3422:(in German). Schwerin: Thomas-Morus-Bildungswerk.
3265:How the Catholic Church built Western civilization
3262:
2907:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
2822:. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2649:. CittĂ del Vaticano: Urbaniana University Press.
1407:Discours de M. Stenon sur l'anatomie du cerveau...
1110:(Church Saint Liudger) on 7 October 1680. The new
304:Clergyman: Counter-Reformation in Northern Germany
1225:, a medicinal herb garden and the greenhouses in
676:of a cow, and determined that it was an ordinary
532:, where he studied anatomy under and lodged with
384:; 1 January 1638 – 25 November 1686 ) was a
1804:"Beatifications By Pope John Paul II, 1979–2000"
631:, whom he admired. On his way back he watched a
2366:"Niels Stensen chapel in San Lorenzo – Himetop"
1507:Also known as Nikolaus or Nils Steensen, Stens.
1037:he would return when he was appointed tutor to
3753:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism
2106:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 54.
2086:
2074:
1789:
1682:
1629:
609:Grand Duke of Tuscany Ferdinando II de' Medici
607:and then in Florence as in-house physician of
2977:. Leominster, UK: Gracewing. pp. 82–83.
2900:"Stensen's Myology in Historical Perspective"
8:
1938:
1748:
1712:"History of Geology – Steno"
937:De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento
3773:17th-century Roman Catholic titular bishops
2243:Whonamedit? A dictionary of medical eponyms
1350:, Lugduni Batavorum: apud J. Chouet, (1662)
1117:was a Protestant. Earlier, Augustus' wife,
415:focus on Steensen, the "preeminent Baroque
3778:17th-century German Roman Catholic bishops
2134:
1498:, is due to an error in parsing the Latin.
1324:, Denmark, was named after Niels Steensen.
315:
31:
3461:The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly
3342:
3173:
1860:
1848:
1802:Office Of Papal Liturgical Celebrations.
1736:
1605:"Canonizzazione di S. Gregorio Barbarigo"
672:. In Leiden, Steensen studied the boiled
639:and wondered if he had the right belief.
419:and founder of modern geologic thought".
27:Danish scientist and bishop (1638 – 1686)
3813:Danish expatriates in the Dutch Republic
3803:Venerated Catholics by Pope John Paul II
2429:"Prizes - Geological Society of Denmark"
1950:
1905:
1180:. His canonization process was begun in
903:principle of cross-cutting relationships
596:, who introduced Steensen's work to the
443:. Steensen played an active role in the
3663:
3611:
3066:(in German). Munich: GRIN Verlag GmbH.
2670:Pontifical University of the Holy Cross
1780:203) (Boulder, Colorado, 2009), p. vii.
1587:
1540:
1477:
1370:, Hafniae: lit. M. Godicchenii, (1664).
1067:Vicar Apostolic for the Nordic Missions
823:. He published his geologic studies in
715:Steensen was the first to describe the
3284:Wyse Jackson, Patrick N., ed. (2007).
2389:
2305:
2225:
2007:
1983:
1971:
1926:
1836:
1824:
1697:
1670:
1641:
1609:Homily of His Holiness Pope John XXIII
1572:
1442:, Florentiae, 1675 (letter to Spinoza)
1201:in 1988. His feast day is 5 December.
1069:on 21 August 1677. He was consecrated
615:. Steensen was invited to live in the
2344:Perrini, Lanzino & Parenti (2010)
2293:
1760:
1431:, New York: Macmillan Company, (1916)
1047:Basilica of the Santissima Annunziata
7:
3544:Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
3412:Geological Society of America Memoir
3033:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: Bert Bakker.
3005:(in Dutch). Amsterdam: Bert Bakker.
2368:. Himetop.wikidot.com. 21 March 2010
2149:
1778:Geological Society of America Memoir
3550:Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
3420:Diener der Wahrheit – Niels Stensen
3231:International Journal of Cardiology
2949:. Roma: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider.
2854:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2583:O'Carroll, Eoin (11 January 2012).
2510:"Niels-Stensen-Kirche GrevesmĂĽhlen"
1459:Nicolai Stenonis Opera philosophica
1447:Nicolai Stenonis Opera philosophica
1115:Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover
889:principle of original horizontality
860:principle of original horizontality
3290:. London: The Geological Society.
3269:. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publ.
3205:10.1227/01.NEU.0000370248.80291.C5
2798:"Introduction – the Life of Steno"
2757:Cheney, David M (9 October 2022).
2611:Cavna, Michael (11 January 2012).
2321:. Skepticfiles.org. Archived from
1366:Steensen, Niels /Steensen, Niels.
680:. and not the center of warmth as
433:Vicar Apostolic of Nordic Missions
61:Portrait of Steno as bishop (1868)
49:Vicar Apostolic of Nordic Missions
25:
3768:17th-century venerated Christians
2715:. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publ.
1345:Steensen, Niels / Sténon, Niels.
1077:and moved to the Lutheran North.
953:Steensen's law of constant angles
3798:Burials at San Lorenzo, Florence
3700:
3683:
3666:
3638:
3626:
3614:
2816:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
2559:"Nicolas Steno's 374th Birthday"
2405:. Stenomuseet.dk. Archived from
2266:. Stenomuseet.dk. Archived from
1996:Breve storia della paleontologia
623:. Steensen went to Rome and met
55:
3788:University of Copenhagen alumni
3440:. In Rosenberg, Gary D. (ed.).
3414:203) (Boulder, Colorado: 2009).
3364:(in German). WĂĽrzburg: Echter.
2831:. In Rosenberg, Gary D. (ed.).
2709:Brookfield, Michael E. (2004).
911:Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle
896:principle of lateral continuity
864:principle of lateral continuity
619:; in return he had to gather a
88:
3738:17th-century Danish scientists
3546:, Volume 94: Stampa–Tarantelli
3418:Diederich, Georg, ed. (2011).
2804:. Macmillan. pp. 175–187.
1409:, R. de Ninville (Paris), 1669
1303:The Catholic parish church of
1099:After John Frederick death's,
1049:in Florence at the age of 37.
738:Elementorum myologiae specimen
700:and had long discussions with
524:, Steensen first travelled to
500:who worked regularly for King
1:
3598:– full digital facsimiles at
3595:Elementorum Myologiæ Specimen
3139:The New Catholic Encyclopedia
2796:Garrett Winter, John (1916).
1160:close to his protectors, the
566:Henri Louis Habert de Montmor
233:Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3510:Kardel, Troels, ed. (2013).
3317:Porter, Ian Herbert (1963).
3243:10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.09.055
2883:10.1016/0021-9290(90)90310-Y
2850:Israel, Jonathan I. (2002).
2827:Hansen, Jens Morten (2009).
2403:"The Steno Museum – Welcome"
2051:10.1080/08912963.2013.825257
1071:titular bishop of Titiopolis
957:first law of crystallography
813:corpuscular theory of matter
554:Franciscus de le Boe Sylvius
121:Titular Bishop of Titiopolis
3093:"The Life and Work of HaĂĽy"
2943:"The Life of Niels Stensen"
2536:"Niels Steensens Gymnasium"
2512:(in German). Archived from
1548:Janker, Stephan M. (1990).
1135:Maximilian Henry of Bavaria
1106:appointed him as Auxiliary
1084:,. There he had talks with
1075:Cardinal Gregorio Barbarigo
1059:Johann Friedrich of Hanover
919:infinitely repeating cycles
808:De glossopetris dissertatio
684:and Descartes believed. In
485:Niels Steensen was born in
437:Titular Bishop of Titopolis
403:bishop in his later years.
133:Auxiliary Bishop of MĂĽnster
3839:
3818:17th-century Danish clergy
3783:Scientists from Copenhagen
3758:Catholic clergy scientists
3406:Rosenberg, Gary D. (ed.),
3060:Kraus, Max-Joseph (2011).
2759:"Bishop Bl. Niels Stensen"
2712:Principles of stratigraphy
2682:Early Science and Medicine
2641:Abbona, Francesco (2002).
1334:as the founder of geology.
1145:. Steensen was invited to
1101:Prince-Bishop of Paderborn
1029:It is not clear if he met
928:
853:
726:
688:, Steensen focused on the
651:
556:, a famous professor, and
508:. Across the street lived
454:process began in 1938 and
3577:Archivum Nicolai Stenonis
3537:Miniati, Stefano (2019).
3335:10.1017/s0025727300028155
3175:10.1007/s00381-010-1236-5
3116:Miniati, Stefano (2009).
2590:Christian Science Monitor
1772:Gary D. Rosenberg (ed.),
1039:Ferdinando III de' Medici
975:Conversion and priesthood
54:
47:
3793:Leiden University alumni
3496:13 February 2014 at the
3027:Kooijmans, Luuc (2007).
2999:Kooijmans, Luuc (2004).
2694:10.1163/157338210X516305
1962:Kooijmans (2007), p. 45.
1882:The Passions of the Soul
1300:was named in his honour.
1227:Aarhus Botanical Gardens
1104:Ferdinand of FĂĽrstenberg
961:crystallographic indices
941:Dissertationis prodromus
870:Dissertationis prodromus
839:Geology and stratigraphy
754:Ferdinando II de' Medici
696:. He became a member of
643:Scientific contributions
514:University of Copenhagen
489:on New Year's Day 1638 (
275:Mother: Anne Nielsdatter
3763:Danish beatified people
3583:De Solido Intra Solidum
3436:Sobiech, Frank (2009).
3063:Niels Stensen in Leiden
2898:Kardel, Troels (1994).
2871:Journal of Biomechanics
2749:Encyclopædia Britannica
2743:"Steno, Nicolaus"
2319:"Skeptic files website"
2117:Steno, Nicolas (1916).
1710:Aber, James S. (2007).
1290:are named in his honor.
1158:Basilica of San Lorenzo
1057:. Upon request of Duke
1012:Anna Maria van Schurman
963:of French mineralogist
729:History of paleontology
502:Christian IV of Denmark
243:Basilica of San Lorenzo
3823:Danish paleontologists
3572:Niels Steensen website
3360:Wieh, Hermann (1988).
3162:Child's Nervous System
2813:"Nicolaus Steno"
2810:Hansen, Niels (1912).
2557:Hom, Jennifer (2012).
2176:10.1002/anie.201301319
2104:The Meaning of Fossils
1611:(in Italian). Holy See
851:
741:
666:parotid salivary gland
621:cabinet of curiosities
482:
369:
272:Father: Steen Pedersen
225:: 5 December 1686]
195:: 11 January 1638]
3655:at Knowledge (XXG)'s
3473:10.5840/ncbq201515110
3097:American Mineralogist
2971:Kermit, Hans (2003).
2941:Kermit, Hans (2002).
2819:Catholic Encyclopedia
2777:Cutler, Alan (2003).
2491:American Mineralogist
2087:Garrett Winter (1916)
2075:Garrett Winter (1916)
1875:"The Origin of Tears"
1790:Garrett Winter (1916)
1683:Garrett Winter (1916)
1630:Garrett Winter (1916)
1398:9 August 2018 at the
1379:9 August 2018 at the
1359:9 August 2018 at the
1318:Steno Diabetes Center
1174:diocese of Hildesheim
1154:Cosimo III de' Medici
1137:and moved in 1684 to
1035:Cosimo III de' Medici
846:
736:
698:Accademia del Cimento
578:Melchisédech Thévenot
472:
465:Early life and career
447:in Northern Germany.
340:Roman Catholic Church
112:Friedrich von Tietzen
3548:(in Italian). Rome:
3514:. Berlin: Springer.
2781:. New York: Dutton.
2308:, pp. 251, 316.
2164:Angew. Chem. Int. Ed
2100:Rudwick, Martin J.S.
1792:, pp. 180, 182.
1590:, Note 26, page 77..
1191:"Capella Stenoniana"
1016:Antoinette Bourignon
943:). The principle in
882:law of superposition
856:law of superposition
391:, a pioneer in both
2516:on 18 November 2012
2484:"New Mineral Names"
2043:2014HBio...26..631R
1939:Tubbs et al. (2010)
1749:Wyse Jackson (2007)
1261: /
1073:on 19 September by
1055:Counter-Reformation
664:" (the duct of the
605:University of Padua
560:. Steensen doubted
481:, Florence, Italy).
445:Counter-Reformation
3600:Linda Hall Library
3539:"STENONE, Niccolò"
2763:Catholic Hierarchy
2325:on 7 November 2013
2031:Historical Biology
1884:. Jonathan Bennett
1718:on 28 January 2017
1156:and buried in the
1123:Bernhard von Galen
1051:Athanasius Kircher
987:while studying in
947:, known simply as
876:. His words were:
852:
792:Athanasius Kircher
779:Naturalis Historia
742:
694:muscle contraction
692:and the nature of
625:Pope Alexander VII
536:, focusing on the
483:
461:Steensen in 1988.
382:Nicolaus Stenonius
350:Rome, Vatican City
163:Gregorio Barbarigo
3748:Danish anatomists
3743:Danish geologists
3521:978-3-642-25078-1
3451:978-0-8137-1203-1
3429:978-3-9810202-6-7
3388:Bratisl Lek Listy
3371:978-3-429-01165-9
3297:978-1-86239-234-2
3276:978-0-89526-038-3
3148:978-0-7876-4017-0
3129:978-88-568-2065-2
3073:978-3-640-86454-6
3040:978-90-351-3250-4
3012:978-90-351-2673-2
2984:978-0-85244-583-9
2956:978-88-8265-213-5
2861:978-0-19-925456-9
2842:978-0-8137-1203-1
2788:978-0-525-94708-0
2722:978-1-4051-1164-5
2656:978-88-311-9265-1
2480:Michael Fleischer
2135:Brookfield (2004)
2014:, apothecary and
2012:Ferrante Imperato
1873:René, Descartes.
1763:, pp. 4, 96.
1559:978-3-428-06763-3
1199:Pope John Paul II
1119:Sophia of Hanover
1108:Bishop of MĂĽnster
1086:Gottfried Leibniz
969:crystal structure
868:Steensen, in his
748:near the town of
629:Marcello Malpighi
520:At the urging of
475:Justus Sustermans
456:Pope John Paul II
359:
358:
354:Pope John Paul II
226:
196:
159:19 September 1677
16:(Redirected from
3830:
3808:Apostolic vicars
3713:
3705:
3704:
3703:
3696:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3659:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3631:
3630:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3610:
3563:
3559:978-8-81200032-6
3525:
3484:
3455:
3433:
3403:
3385:
3375:
3356:
3346:
3301:
3280:
3268:
3259:Woods, Thomas E.
3254:
3224:
3187:
3177:
3152:
3133:
3122:. FrancoAngeli.
3112:
3110:
3108:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3043:. Archived from
3023:
3021:
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2995:
2993:
2991:
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2470:
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2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2435:on 21 April 2016
2431:. Archived from
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2409:on 20 March 2012
2399:
2393:
2387:
2378:
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2375:
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2270:on 20 March 2012
2260:
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1894:
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1864:
1861:Kooijmans (2004)
1858:
1852:
1849:Kooijmans (2004)
1846:
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1828:
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1758:
1752:
1746:
1740:
1737:Kooijmans (2007)
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1714:. Archived from
1707:
1701:
1695:
1686:
1680:
1674:
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1435:Internet Archive
1425:via Google Books
1285:
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1282:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1257:
1254:
1063:Pope Innocent XI
1008:Reinier de Graaf
719:system in fish.
706:Vincenzo Viviani
570:Pierre Bourdelot
550:Reinier de Graaf
538:lymphatic system
522:Thomas Bartholin
510:Peder Schumacher
493:), the son of a
441:Pope Innocent XI
319:
220:
217:
214:25 November 1686
190:
187:
185:
169:Personal details
126:Previous post(s)
102:Valerio Maccioni
84:Pope Innocent XI
59:
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21:
3838:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3831:
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3828:
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3718:
3717:
3716:
3712:from Wikisource
3706:
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3672:
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3658:sister projects
3657:
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3498:Wayback Machine
3458:
3452:
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3383:
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3323:Medical History
3316:
3309:
3307:Further reading
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3257:
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3089:Kunz, George F.
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2919:10.2307/1006586
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2809:
2806:(Public Domain)
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2459:Mindat database
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2239:"Niels Stensen"
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2089:, p. 182..
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2006:
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1978:
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1961:
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1951:Andrault (2010)
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1906:Chisholm (1911)
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1632:, p. 184..
1628:
1624:
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1603:(26 May 1960).
1601:Pope John XXIII
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1400:Wayback Machine
1381:Wayback Machine
1361:Wayback Machine
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1255:
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1215:Steensen Museum
1207:
1170:
1143:Dirck Kerckring
1131:
1031:Nicolaes Witsen
977:
945:crystallography
933:
927:
925:Crystallography
866:
854:Main articles:
841:
774:Pliny the Elder
731:
725:
690:muscular system
661:ductus Stenonis
656:
650:
645:
617:Palazzo Vecchio
588:, where he met
584:, Bordeaux and
572:, he there met
546:Frederik Ruysch
491:Julian calendar
467:
351:
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348:23 October 1988
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3697:
3695:from Wikiquote
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3579:
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3569:
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3531:External links
3529:
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3467:(1): 107–126.
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3302:
3296:
3281:
3275:
3255:
3225:
3188:
3153:
3147:
3134:
3128:
3113:
3085:
3072:
3057:
3047:on 1 July 2011
3039:
3024:
3011:
2996:
2983:
2968:
2955:
2938:
2895:
2877:(10): 953–65.
2866:
2860:
2847:
2841:
2824:
2807:
2793:
2787:
2774:
2754:
2740:, ed. (1911).
2738:Chisholm, Hugh
2734:
2721:
2706:
2688:(4): 505–536.
2677:
2655:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2603:
2575:
2549:
2527:
2501:
2471:
2446:
2420:
2394:
2379:
2357:
2348:
2336:
2310:
2298:
2281:
2255:
2230:
2213:
2189:
2170:(3): 638–652.
2154:
2139:
2137:, p. 116.
2127:
2125:Pages 229–230.
2109:
2091:
2079:
2077:, p. 182.
2064:
2037:(5): 631–651.
2020:
2000:
1988:
1976:
1964:
1955:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1910:
1895:
1865:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1827:, p. 161.
1817:
1794:
1782:
1765:
1753:
1741:
1729:
1702:
1687:
1685:, p. 175.
1675:
1646:
1634:
1622:
1592:
1588:Miniati (2009)
1577:
1565:
1558:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1521:
1509:
1500:
1486:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1443:
1437:
1415:
1403:
1383:
1363:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1328:
1325:
1315:
1314:in Copenhagen.
1308:
1301:
1291:
1266:68.0°S 115.6°W
1240:Impact craters
1237:
1230:
1206:
1203:
1169:
1166:
1130:
1127:
1112:prince-elector
1082:Baruch Spinoza
1027:
1026:
1004:Jan Swammerdam
993:All Souls' Day
976:
973:
965:René-Just Haüy
949:Steensen's law
931:Crystal system
926:
923:
907:
906:
899:
892:
885:
840:
837:
724:
721:
702:Francesco Redi
670:Stensen's duct
652:Main article:
649:
646:
644:
641:
635:procession in
633:Corpus Christi
594:William Croone
558:Baruch Spinoza
542:Jan Swammerdam
534:Gerard Blasius
479:Uffizi Gallery
466:
463:
370:Niels Steensen
362:Niels Steensen
357:
356:
346:
342:
341:
338:
334:
333:
330:
326:
325:
321:
320:
313:
309:
308:
306:
305:
302:
286:
284:
280:
279:
277:
276:
273:
269:
267:
263:
262:
261:Roman Catholic
259:
255:
254:
251:
247:
246:
240:
236:
235:
218:(aged 48)
212:
208:
207:
204:Denmark-Norway
198:
188:1 January 1638
178:Niels Steensen
177:
175:
171:
170:
166:
165:
161:by Saint
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
140:
139:
137:
136:
129:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
91:
87:
86:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
45:
44:
42:Niels Steensen
41:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3835:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3711:
3710:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3664:
3660:
3654:
3653:Nicolas Steno
3646:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3622:
3612:
3608:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3523:
3517:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3332:
3329:(2): 99–125.
3328:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3306:
3299:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3140:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3075:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3058:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3014:
3008:
3004:
3003:
2997:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2969:
2958:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2724:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2684:(in French).
2683:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2658:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2618:
2614:
2607:
2604:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2576:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2434:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2408:
2404:
2398:
2395:
2392:, p. 21.
2391:
2390:Kermit (2002)
2386:
2384:
2380:
2367:
2361:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2306:Israel (2002)
2302:
2299:
2296:, p. 35.
2295:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2226:Cheney (2022)
2222:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:Abbona (2002)
2004:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1984:Kardel (1994)
1980:
1977:
1973:
1972:Kardel (1990)
1968:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1927:Kermit (2003)
1923:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1851:, p. 53.
1850:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1837:Kermit (2002)
1833:
1830:
1826:
1825:Hansen (2009)
1821:
1818:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1717:
1713:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1698:Hansen (1912)
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1671:Scherz (2002)
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1642:Cutler (2003)
1638:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1575:, p. 19.
1574:
1573:Kermit (2002)
1569:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1332:Google doodle
1329:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1283:
1271:-68.0; -115.6
1245:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1168:Beatification
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
974:
972:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
932:
924:
922:
920:
917:'s theory of
916:
912:
904:
900:
897:
893:
890:
886:
883:
879:
878:
877:
875:
871:
865:
861:
857:
849:
845:
838:
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
816:
814:
809:
805:
801:
800:Fabio Colonna
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
780:
775:
771:
767:
763:
762:shark's teeth
759:
755:
751:
747:
739:
735:
730:
722:
720:
718:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:
655:
647:
642:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
599:
598:Royal Society
595:
591:
590:Martin Lister
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
518:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
492:
488:
480:
476:
471:
464:
462:
460:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
425:
420:
418:
414:
410:
404:
402:
399:who became a
398:
394:
390:
387:
383:
379:
378:Nicolas Steno
375:
371:
367:
363:
355:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
318:
314:
310:
303:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:
285:
281:
274:
271:
270:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
241:
237:
234:
230:
224:
213:
209:
205:
201:
194:
176:
172:
167:
164:
158:
154:
151:13 April 1675
150:
146:
141:
134:
131:
130:
128:
124:
120:
118:Other post(s)
116:
113:
110:
106:
103:
100:
96:
92:
85:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
58:
53:
50:
46:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:Niels Stensen
3707:
3690:
3678:from Commons
3673:
3652:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3542:
3511:
3488:
3464:
3460:
3441:
3419:
3411:
3407:
3394:(2): 90–93.
3391:
3387:
3361:
3326:
3322:
3286:
3264:
3237:(3): 312–5.
3234:
3230:
3196:
3193:Neurosurgery
3192:
3165:
3164:(in Dutch).
3161:
3138:
3118:
3105:. Retrieved
3100:
3096:
3077:. Retrieved
3062:
3049:. Retrieved
3045:the original
3029:
3016:. Retrieved
3001:
2988:. Retrieved
2973:
2960:. Retrieved
2946:
2930:. Retrieved
2910:
2906:
2874:
2870:
2851:
2832:
2817:
2801:
2778:
2766:. Retrieved
2762:
2747:
2726:. Retrieved
2711:
2685:
2681:
2660:. Retrieved
2646:
2620:. Retrieved
2616:
2606:
2594:. Retrieved
2588:
2578:
2566:. Retrieved
2562:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2530:
2518:. Retrieved
2514:the original
2504:
2494:
2490:
2474:
2462:, retrieved
2458:
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2433:the original
2423:
2411:. Retrieved
2407:the original
2397:
2370:. Retrieved
2360:
2351:
2339:
2327:. Retrieved
2323:the original
2313:
2301:
2294:Kraus (2011)
2272:. Retrieved
2268:the original
2258:
2246:. Retrieved
2242:
2233:
2204:. Retrieved
2192:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2130:
2119:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2082:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2003:
1991:
1986:, p. 1.
1979:
1967:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1913:
1886:. Retrieved
1881:
1868:
1856:
1844:
1832:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1797:
1785:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1761:Woods (2005)
1756:
1744:
1732:
1720:. Retrieved
1716:the original
1705:
1678:
1637:
1625:
1613:. Retrieved
1608:
1595:
1568:
1549:
1543:
1524:
1512:
1503:
1495:
1489:
1480:
1458:
1446:
1439:
1428:
1418:
1406:
1386:
1367:
1346:
1312:Jesuit Order
1305:GrevesmĂĽhlen
1208:
1190:
1178:canonization
1171:
1151:
1132:
1098:
1096:until 1680.
1090:Albert Burgh
1079:
1043:
1028:
1022:
1001:
978:
956:
952:
948:
940:
936:
934:
915:James Hutton
908:
874:stratigraphy
869:
867:
847:
833:Robert Hooke
828:
824:
817:
807:
804:glossopetrae
803:
796:Aristotelian
777:
766:glossopetrae
765:
743:
737:
723:Paleontology
717:lateral line
714:
659:
657:
654:Parotid duct
602:
519:
484:
452:canonization
449:
421:
412:
409:stratigraphy
405:
381:
377:
361:
360:
337:Venerated in
312:Coat of arms
299:stratigraphy
295:paleontology
258:Denomination
216:(1686-11-25)
156:Consecration
29:
3733:1686 deaths
3728:1638 births
3633:Catholicism
2990:18 February
2913:(1): 1–57.
2728:12 November
2538:(in Danish)
2464:26 November
2455:"Stenonite"
2150:Kunz (1918)
1339:Major works
1269: /
1234:Steno Medal
1223:planetarium
985:Catholicism
586:Montpellier
562:Descartes's
289:Scientist:
250:Nationality
135:(1680–1683)
98:Predecessor
3722:Categories
3692:Quotations
3199:(1): 3–9.
3168:(1): 1–6.
3107:12 January
3103:(6): 61–89
3079:11 January
3051:13 January
3018:10 January
2962:10 January
2932:12 January
2768:11 January
2662:12 January
2643:"Geologia"
2622:11 January
2596:11 January
2568:12 January
2542:12 January
2520:12 January
2413:11 January
2372:11 January
2329:11 January
2274:11 January
2248:11 January
2206:11 January
1888:11 January
1810:11 January
1806:. Holy See
1722:11 January
1615:14 January
1467:References
1286:) and the
1275: (
1162:De' Medici
798:approach.
727:See also:
528:, then to
487:Copenhagen
422:Born to a
332:5 December
283:Occupation
200:Copenhagen
184:1638-01-01
148:Ordination
90:Term ended
71:Titiopolis
3621:Biography
3505:1448-6326
3481:170234733
2059:129381561
1536:Citations
1348:rejicitur
1298:Stenonite
1195:beatified
1193:. He was
1182:OsnabrĂĽck
1065:made him
776:, in his
758:dissected
574:Ole Borch
530:Amsterdam
498:goldsmith
459:beatified
389:scientist
374:Latinized
345:Beatified
329:Feast day
324:Sainthood
301:, geology
108:Successor
77:Appointed
3494:Archived
3400:12061027
3353:13985566
3261:(2005).
3251:20965586
3221:25853167
3213:20559086
3184:20700741
3091:(1918).
2702:21469295
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