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consideration of technical committee; could your
Excellency direct that I be allowed to meet with any of the committee members on the matter of this design not later than tomorrow morning or at least to receive a written answer from the experts who have examined my design, also no longer than tomorrow. I also ask your Excellency for permission for me, before I die, to meet with all my comrades in the trial or at least with Zhelyabov and Perovskaya." All of his requests were ignored.
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knowledge that I have rendered an immense service to my country and mankind. I will then calmly meet death, knowing that my idea will not die with me but will remain with mankind for which I prepared to sacrifice my life. That is why I pray to those scientists who will examine my design that they treat it with the utmost seriousness and good faith and let me know their answer as soon as possible.
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At 7:50 AM on the sunny spring morning of April 3 two "chariots of shame" with the condemned prisoners rode out of the house of the detention to
Shpalernaya Street. Zhelyabov was in the first, and by his side was Rysakov, who had tossed the first bomb at the coach of Alexander II and then betrayed
353:
On March 26, General
Komarov, Chief of the Gendarmery Department, informed the Police Department of Kibalchich's design. The brief written in the report said: "To be filed with the March 1 dossier and to give this to scientists for consideration now would hardly be expedient since this can only give
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The fate of the invention, mentioned in
Kybalchych's last letter, proved to be as tragic as that of its 27-year-old creator. Kibalchich's design was buried in the archives of Police Department, but the tsar authorities failed to consign the name of the inventor and his idea to oblivion. The trial
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In fact, the combustion of explosive substance results with a comparative rapidity in large quantity of gases possessing a huge energy at the instance of their formation. But can one use the energy of gases, formed by explosive ignition, to perform work of any duration? This is possible only if the
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Besides, I am not familiar with the mass of similar design which have, appeared lately; that is to say I am aware of the idea behind those designs but I am not familiar with the way whereby the inventors hope to carry them out. As far as I know, however my idea has not yet been proposed by anyone
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First and foremost I need it necessary to note that, when at large, I did not have time to elaborate my design in details and prove its feasibility mathematically. Now it is, of course impossible for me to obtain the materials necessary for that. Consequently, this task that of substantiating my
530:
I, Nikolai
Kibalchich, am writing down this design in prison with several days to go before my execution. I believed in the practicability of my idea and this belief sustains me in my appalling situation by scientists and specialists who show my idea to be practicable, I will feel happy in the
334:
In his statement to the
Special Committee of the Senate, V.N. Gerard noted that when his men came to see Kibalchich as his appointed counsel for the defense, they were surprised to find his mind occupied with things that had no bearing on the trial. He seemed to be immersed in research on some
357:
Kibalchich awaited for their answer. The month of March was at an end, with two days left before execution. On March 31 Kibalchich wrote this solicitation address to the
Minister of Interior: "By instruction of your Excellency my design of an aeronautic apparatus has been submitted for the
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In my thought about an aeronautic machine I have concentrated mainly on this question: what force has to be applied in order to set such machine in motion? In my opinion it is slowly burning explosive substances that can provide such a force.
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his comrades during the interrogation. Kibalchich, Perovskaya and
Mikhailov were in the second. The hands and feet of the condemned were tied to the seats. Each had on his chest a black plaque with the white colored inscription: "A regicide".
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and execution of the
Narodniks had wide repercussions around the world. Much was said and written about Kibalchich's design abroad and all kinds of conjectures were made about the essence of the invention and its subsequent fate. In 1917,
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During the night from
February 28 to March 1, 1881, Kibalchich and his assistants, Fleet Lieutenant Sukhanov and Mikhail Grachevsky, prepared four explosive projectiles that were used in the assassination of
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rise to a lot of wanton talk. Kibalchich's design was put in an envelope, sealed and filed. The inventor was told that his design would be handed over to scientists for examination."
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In October 1875, Kibalchich was arrested for lending a prohibited book to a peasant named Prytulya. He spent 3 years in prison before being sentenced to 2 months imprisonment.
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According to the parish register of the Assumption Church of the out-of-state town of Korop, Krolevetsky district, he is listed as born on October 19, 1853
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At 9:21 AM the executioner removed the foot stool from under the feet of Kibalchich. Mikhailov, Perovskaya, Zhelyabov and Rysakov were executed after him.
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593:-propelled ship, from his final letter. The letter had been filed in police archives until Rynin fished it out, after hearing rumors of the design.
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in 1864 but was later admitted to a seminary. But he returned to secondary school and finishing it with a silver medal several years later.
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huge energy of explosive combustion, rather than last instantaneously, will be generated during a more or less prolonged period of time.
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899:"Nikolai Kibalchich in the history of world rocket-space technics: discussion questions of domestic and world historiography"
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In a note written in his prison cell, Kibalchich proposed a manned jet air-navigating apparatus. He examined the design of a
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1279:Π‘ΡΠ΄ Π½Π°Π΄ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΉΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΎ 1-Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠ° 1881 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π.Π.Π Π°Π·Π±Π΅Π³Π°Π΅Π²Π°. ΠΠ·Π΄. ΠΈΠΌ. Π.Π.ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°. Π‘-ΠΠ± ΡΠΎΠΌ 1 ΠΈ 2. 2014.
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design with mathematical calculation will have to be done by those experts into whose hands my design will find its way.
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aeronautic missile and he greatly desired the opportunity to write down the calculations involved in the discovery.
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rediscovered the manuscript in the archives and published an account of it 1918 in the historic magazine
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230:; 19 October 1853 β April 3, 1881) was a Russian revolutionary who took part in the assassination of
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Nikolai Kibalchich, The Dream of a propulsive device by a Scientist that was stolen by death
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350:, and his design is dated March 23. He produced this scientific work truly at death's door.
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1070:"ON A METHOD OF PROPULSION OF PROJECTILES BY MEANS OF EXTERNAL NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS PART I"
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Anatomy of Assassinations: from biblical times to the end of the second millennium
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honoured the rocketry pioneer by naming a crater on the Moon Kibalchich's crater (
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274:) in 1853 into a clerical family, Kibalchich was the son of an Orthodox parish
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969:"ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°: ΠΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΠ°"
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In 1891, similar ideas were developed independently by the German engineer
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619:), which is centered at 2.72Β° N 147.18Β° W and as on the Moon's far side.
396: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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814:(in Russian). Π’ΠΈΠΏ. ΠΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ². 1903. p. 40
712:ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ; StartοΈ sοΈ‘ev, VitaliΔ Ivanovich (2000).
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and was discovered by Germans during 1938-9 is also named after him.
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Schmidt, George R; Bonometti, J.A.; Morton, P.J. (1 January 2000).
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proposed a nuclear pulse propulsion scheme which was studied in
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Thus, Kibalchich and other Narodnaya Volya plotters including
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Kushlakova, N. M.; Vavilova, I. B.; Vavilova, I. B. (2019).
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Nikolai Kibalchich being executed with other revolutionaries
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later that day. Kibalchich was arrested on March 17, 1881.
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to study medicine and worked on experiments into pulsed
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Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy and Spaceflight
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1024:(in Russian). ΠΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ½Π³Ρ. ΠΎΡΠ΄-Π½ΠΈΠ΅. p. 118.
838:(in Russian). ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ° ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏ. 2006. p. 241.
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
246:pioneer. He was a distant cousin of revolutionary
1373:People from the Russian Empire of Serbian descent
291:Saint Petersburg Emperor Military Medical Academy
1368:People executed by the Russian Empire by hanging
589:published Kibalchich's description of a manned,
312:in 1878, becoming their main explosives expert.
1338:19th-century scientists from the Russian Empire
996:V mire knig: kritiko-bibliograficheskiΔ zhurnal
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16:Russian revolutionary and scientist (1853β1881)
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8:
1180:"Nikolai Kibalchich - Science for Terrorism"
287:St Petersburg Institute of Railway Engineers
653:(in Russian). Obshchestvo. 1971. p. 56
566:Kibalchich's drawing of his proposed rocket
497:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1055:Nuclear Pulse Propulsion: Orion and Beyond
872:ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
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517:Learn how and when to remove this message
412:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1155:[Kibalchich Nikolay Ivanovich].
868:"Π. Π. ΠΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ: ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΉ"
781:
423:
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322:Assassination of Alexander II of Russia
1058:(Technical report). NASA. 20000096503.
1239:Solymar, Laszslo (21 November 2013).
999:(in Russian). Kniga. 1981. p. 80
835:Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡ: ΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡ
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715:ΠΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ-ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π° XVIII-XIX Π²Π²
7:
1186:. Guarant-InfoCentre. Archived from
495:adding citations to reliable sources
394:adding citations to reliable sources
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1021:ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ Π ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ½: 1877-1942
718:(in Russian). ΠΠ»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ». p. 162.
623:, which is the highest peak of the
1363:Executed regicides of Alexander II
948:New Mexico Museum of Space History
242:("People's Will"), and was also a
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1343:Inventors from the Russian Empire
1018:Π’Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡ Π€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (1990).
1178:Kizilova, Anna (10 April 2008).
681:(in Russian). ΠΠ‘Π’. p. 505.
613:International Astronomical Union
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381:needs additional citations for
34:needs additional citations for
678:Π¦Π°ΡΠΈ: ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½Π΄Ρ II, ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ II
455:were hanged on April 3, 1881.
1:
1323:People from Krolevetsky Uyezd
1125:. 2 June 2021. Archived from
316:Assassination of Alexander II
1353:Early spaceflight scientists
1318:People from Chernihiv Oblast
1159:(in Russian). Archived from
1153:"ΠΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ"
903:Space Science and Technology
346:, controlling the flight by
200:Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich
125:Nikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich
675:Π Π°Π΄Π·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ, ΠΠ΄Π²Π°ΡΠ΄ (2008).
348:changing the engine's angle
227:Mykola Ivanovych Kybalchych
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1208:Memoirs of a Revolutionary
1102:planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov
811:ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ
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208:ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°ΠΉ ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ
866:Π.ΠΈ, ΠΠ΅Π²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ (2017).
216:ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ
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1358:Executed revolutionaries
1213:University of Iowa Press
923:10.15407/knit2019.06.070
944:"Nikolai I. Kibalchich"
289:and in 1873 he entered
1205:Serge, Victor (2002).
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268:Chernigov Governorate
155:Chernigov Governorate
491:improve this section
390:improve this article
258:Born in the town of
192:Execution by hanging
58:"Nikolai Kibalchich"
43:improve this article
1123:"Mount Kibal'chich"
915:2019KosNT..25f..70S
308:He went on to join
285:In 1871 he entered
188:Cause of death
625:Kvaevenutane Peaks
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1293:978-5-87991-112-1
1285:978-5-87991-110-7
1256:978-1-491-88182-8
1157:Famous scientists
1098:"Planetary Names"
1031:978-5-02-024626-3
845:978-5-94849-897-3
797:Famous scientists
725:978-5-89662-014-3
688:978-5-17-047533-9
621:Mount Kibal'chich
598:Hermann Ganswindt
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383:verification
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36:verification
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1313:1881 deaths
1308:1853 births
1194:31 December
1167:31 December
617:Kibal'chich
238:expert for
1302:Categories
746:Serge 2002
635:References
629:Antarctica
254:Early life
69:newspapers
1328:Narodniks
1184:Russia-IC
973:az.lib.ru
478:does not
362:Execution
342:-powered
340:gunpowder
301:Biography
280:gymnasium
236:explosive
221:romanized
212:Ukrainian
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583:The Past
581:(ΠΡΠ»ΠΎΠ΅,
550:β
911:Bibcode
499:removed
484:sources
272:Ukraine
223::
204:Russian
83:scholar
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539:else.
295:rocket
276:priest
244:rocket
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260:Korop
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90:JSTOR
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