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plagiarism; accusations of professional misconduct, which mostly involved accusations of nepotism in promotions and reviews; and political accusations, which were the most serious. The initial review on July 7, which most prominently featured
Alexandrov and Kolmogorov, concluded in a warning to Luzin regarding plagiarism while stressing the overall importance of his work, cleared him politically, yet recommended to relieve him of administrative duties.
365:... it happened about a year ago. ... To see the misery of people, to see the torment of life, to wend my way home from a mathematical meeting ... where, shivering in the cold, some women stand waiting in vain for dinner purchased with horror - this is an unbearable sight. It is unbearable, having seen this, to calmly study (in fact to enjoy) science. After that I could not study only mathematics, and I wanted to transfer to the medical school.
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However, this outcome did not seem to satisfy the instigators of the case, so that from the second hearing on, the nature of accusations shifted: now the primary focus was the fact that Luzin published his papers extensively in France rather than in Soviet journals, and his pre-Soviet sympathies were
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and various forms of misconduct, which included denying promotions to
Kolmogorov and Khinchin. According to some researchers, Alexandrov and Kolmogorov had been involved in a homosexual relationship in the 1930s, a fact the police used to pressure them into testifying against their former teacher.
567:
against
Vygodsky's textbook, and relates his own youthful experience with what he felt were unnecessary formal complications of the traditional development of analysis. Typical is his youthful reaction to his teachers' insistence that the derivative is a limit: "They won't fool me: it's simply the
674:
The hearings were completed in five sessions between July 7, 1936, and July 15, 1936, and people testifying, as well as the nature of accusations, changed from one session to another. In the initial session, the accusations were separated into accusations of scientific misconduct, which included
682:
The special hearing of the
Commission of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union endorsed all accusations of Luzin as an "enemy under the mask of a Soviet citizen." Although the Commission convicted Luzin, he was neither expelled from the academy nor arrested, but his department in the
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in a series of anonymous articles whose authorship later was attributed to Kolman. It was alleged that Luzin published “would-be scientific papers”, “felt no shame in declaring the discoveries of his students to be his own achievements”, and stood close to the ideology of the
38:
494:(1915) had a large impact on the subsequent development of the metric theory of functions. A set of problems formulated in this thesis for a long time attracted attention from mathematicians. For example, the first problem in the list, on the convergence of the
687:
was closed and he lost all his official positions. There has been some speculation about why his punishment was so much milder than that of most other people condemned at that time, but the reason for this does not seem to be known for certain.
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incriminated Luzin with charges of disloyalty to Soviet power. The methods of political insinuations and slander had been used against the old
Muscovite professorship already several years before the article in
1207:
The Case of
Academician Nikolai Nikolayevich Luzin / eds. Sergei S. Demidov, Boris V. Levshin; trans. Roger Cooke. — American Mathematical Society, 2016. — 416 p. — (History of Mathematics, 43). —
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of the
Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union first at the Department of Philosophy and then at the Department of Pure Mathematics (12 January 1929). In 1929 he was elected as a member of the
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The article triggered a special hearing on Luzin's case by the
Commission of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, where the allegations were reviewed and formalized. At the hearing,
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596:. In September 1930, Egorov was arrested on the basis of his religious beliefs. He then left the position of director of the Moscow Mathematical Society and was replaced by
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Luzin underwent great personal turmoil in the years 1905 and 1906, when his materialistic worldview had collapsed and he found himself close to suicide. In 1906 he wrote to
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claimed that “there appeared active counter-revolutionaries among mathematicians”. Some of these mathematicians were pointed out, including the advisor of Luzin,
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In the 1920s Luzin organized a famous research seminar at Moscow State
University. His doctoral students included some of the most famous Soviet mathematicians:
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ratio of infinitesimals, nothing else." A recent study notes that Luzin's letter contained remarkable anticipations of modern calculus with infinitesimals.
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began. Millions of people were arrested or executed, including leading members of the intelligentsia. In July–August of that year, Luzin was criticized in
361:
You found me a mere child at the
University, knowing nothing. I don't know how it happened, but I cannot be satisfied any more with analytic functions and
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Bogolyubov A. N. and Rozhenko N.M. "The Experiment of 'Implanting' Dialectics into Mathematics from the End of the 1920s to the Beginning of the 1930s".
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The police soon learned of Kolmogorov and Alexandrov's homosexual bond, and they used that knowledge to obtain the behavior that they wished.
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The correspondence between the two men continued for many years and Luzin was greatly influenced by Florensky's religious treatise
1229:, Detlef: Comments on the paper: "Two letters by N. N. Luzin to M. Ya. Vygodskiĭ". Amer. Math. Monthly 107 (2000), no. 1, 64–82.
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600:. As a result, Luzin left the Moscow Mathematical Society and Moscow State University. Egorov died on 10 September 1931, after a
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Leçons sur les Ensembles Analytiques et leurs Applications. With a preface by Henri Lebesgue and a note by Waclaw Sierpinski
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Levin, A. E. (1990). "Anatomy of a public campaign: "Academician Luzin's case" in Soviet political history".
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The 1936 decision of the Academy of Sciences was not canceled after Stalin's death. The decision was finally
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In a letter to M. Ya. Vygodsky dating from 1932, Luzin expresses sympathy with Vygodsky's
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Monographs in Mathematics Education 12, Information Age Publishing, Inc., Charlotte, NC,
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Two letters by N. N. Luzin to M. Ya. Vygodskii. With an introduction by S. S. Demidov.
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Luzin's first significant result was a construction of an almost everywhere divergent
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with monotonic convergence to zero coefficients (1912). This example disproved the
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1042:] (in Russian). St. Petersburg: Russkii Khristianskii Gumanitarnyi Institut.
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he proved an important result on the invariance of sets of boundary points under
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Naming infinity: a true story of religious mysticism and mathematical creativity
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and others, whereas the eventual fate of Luzin was of a little interest to him.
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initiated in prison. In 1931, Kolman brought the first complaint against Luzin.
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382:. He then returned to Moscow and received his Ph.D. degree in 1915. During the
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Tension between Intuitive Infinitesimals and Formal Mathematical Analysis
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On 21 November 1930, the declaration of the "initiative group" of the
1153:"Resolution No.8 of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences"
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On 5 January 1927 Luzin was elected as a corresponding member of the
359:, a former fellow mathematics student who was now studying theology:
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orientation, and went on to apply it in other areas of mathematics.
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conjecture and was unexpected to most mathematicians at that time.
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890:"О методе академика А. Н. Крылова составления векового уравнения"
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and some other students of Luzin accused him of plagiarism from
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which consisted of Luzin's former students Lazar Lyusternik and
304:; 9 December 1883 – 28 February 1950) was a Soviet and Russian
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Mathematics and Politics in the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953
840:"On convergence and growth of partial sums of Fourier series"
479:
At approximately the same time, he proved what is now called
1121:
N. N. Luzin and the affair of the "National Fascist Center"
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approach to developing calculus. He mocks accusations of
502:, came to be called Luzin's conjecture and was solved by
392:
Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology
19:"Luzitania" redirects here. Not to be confused with
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Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
1123:. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. pp. 137–148.
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1040:The case of Academician Nikolai Nikolayevich Luzin
807:"The Influence of P. A. Florensky on N. N. Luzin"
1071:Graham, Loren R.; Kantor, Jean-Michel (2009).
1119:Demidov, Sergei S.; Ford, Charles E. (1996).
1034:Demidov, S. S.; Levshin, B. V., eds. (1999).
745:Translated from the 1997 Russian original by
282:
8:
1350:Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
1036:Delo akademika Nikolaya Nikolayevicha Luzina
994:(1). Slavic Review, Vol. 49, No. 1: 90–108.
388:Polytechnical Institute Ivanovo-Voznesensk
185:Polytechnical Institute Ivanovo-Voznesensk
36:
25:
1345:Academic staff of Moscow State University
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1174:Siberian Electronic Mathematical Reports
699:was more concerned with the forthcoming
513:In the theory of boundary properties of
293:[nʲɪkɐˈlajnʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕˈluzʲɪn]
1280:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1258:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
875:. Paris: Gauthier-Villars. p. 328.
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446:Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
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894:Известия Академии наук СССР. VII серия
454:Polish Academy of Sciences and Letters
386:(1918–1920) Luzin left Moscow for the
197:The Integral and Trigonometric Series
1193:. USGS Astrogeology Research Program.
291:
7:
1301:The Tragedy of Mathematics in Russia
1335:20th-century Russian mathematicians
1191:Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
374:From 1910 to 1914 Luzin studied at
973:Problems of Philosophy. No.9, 1991
941:The Montana Mathematics Enthusiast
394:). He returned to Moscow in 1920.
369:The Pillar and Foundation of Truth
14:
751:The American Mathematical Monthly
524:Luzin was one of the founders of
492:Integral and trigonometric series
1375:Burials at Vvedenskoye Cemetery
805:Ford, Charles E. (1998-08-01).
1355:Moscow State University alumni
539:He also made contributions to
181:Steklov Mathematical Institute
1:
695:speculated that at the time,
532:, he developed the theory of
378:, where he was influenced by
528:. Together with his student
1170:An Epilog to the Luzin Case
578:Moscow Mathematical Society
316:with strong connections to
284:Никола́й Никола́евич Лу́зин
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753:107 (2000), no. 1, 64–82.
679:brought to the forefront.
500:square-integrable function
275:Nikolai Nikolayevich Luzin
18:
776:Denjoy–Luzin–Saks theorem
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268:
155:
35:
1285:University of St Andrews
1263:University of St Andrews
1176:, Vol. 10 (2013), A.1-6.
1077:Harvard University Press
732:was named in his honor.
726:In 1976, Martian crater
690:Historian of mathematics
490:His Ph.D. thesis titled
352:. He graduated in 1905.
348:, where his advisor was
1275:"The 1936 Luzin affair"
346:Moscow State University
177:Moscow State University
118:Moscow State University
913:Krylov subspace method
885:For example, his work
871:Lusin Nicolas (1930).
824:10.1006/hmat.1997.2182
545:differential equations
526:descriptive set theory
310:descriptive set theory
308:known for his work in
129:descriptive set theory
1370:Soviet mathematicians
1310:Roots of Luzin's Case
888:Лузин, Н. Н. (1931).
741:Luzin, N. N. (1931).
718:on January 17, 2012.
314:mathematical analysis
133:mathematical analysis
16:Russian mathematician
1271:Robertson, Edmund F.
1249:Robertson, Edmund F.
975:(in Russian): 32–43.
838:Carleson L. (1966).
811:Historia Mathematica
771:Denjoy–Luzin theorem
693:Adolph P. Yushkevich
572:Luzin affair of 1936
470:trigonometric series
340:He started studying
1340:People from Irkutsk
1269:O'Connor, John J.;
1247:O'Connor, John J.;
959:2011arXiv1110.5747K
660:Gleb Krzhizhanovsky
565:bourgeois decadence
1380:Russian scientists
1155:(in Russian). RAS.
911:is devoted to the
857:10.1007/BF02392815
622:”, orthodoxy, and
555:Letter to Vygodsky
519:conformal mappings
515:analytic functions
508:Carleson's theorem
419:Mikhail Lavrentyev
407:Aleksandr Khinchin
318:point-set topology
243:Mikhail Lavrentyev
231:Aleksandr Khinchin
137:point-set topology
1086:978-0-674-03293-4
685:Steklov Institute
586:Alexander Gelfond
549:numerical methods
415:Aleksandr Kronrod
411:Andrey Kolmogorov
384:Russian Civil War
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239:Alexander Kronrod
235:Andrey Kolmogorov
219:Doctoral students
157:Scientific career
127:Contributions to
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504:Lennart Carleson
435:Lev Schnirelmann
427:Lazar Lyusternik
399:Pavel Alexandrov
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223:Pavel Alexandrov
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1202:Further reading
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43:
39:
34:
30:Nikolai Luzin
27:
22:
1278:
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1190:
1181:
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1147:
1120:
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1090:
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1035:
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664:Otto Schmidt
628:
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606:
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575:
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467:
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360:
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339:
325:
278:
274:
273:
196:
173:Institutions
156:
145:Lusin spaces
108:Soviet Union
85:Soviet Union
75:(1950-02-28)
1330:1950 deaths
1325:1883 births
929:Tall, David
900:: 903–958.
850:: 135–157.
786:Luzin space
705:Lev Kamenev
609:Great Purge
584:along with
450:full member
344:in 1901 at
342:mathematics
100:Citizenship
92:Nationality
1319:Categories
1221:1470426080
906:57.1455.01
792:References
643:Kolmogorov
635:Lyusternik
631:Alexandrov
149:Luzin sets
51:1883-12-09
1016:155570928
950:1110.5747
844:Acta Math
506:in 1966 (
403:Nina Bari
376:Göttingen
326:Luzitania
227:Nina Bari
21:Lusitania
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931:(2011),
765:See also
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624:monarchy
521:(1919).
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614:Pravda
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458:Kraków
322:eponym
201:(1915)
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163:Fields
81:Moscow
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