328:, derived great benefit. Vitushkin described him as "witty and friendly". At his own request, Kronrod was called simply "Sasha" by his students. He was considered to be a prophet in his field. The Kronod circle met between 1946 and 1953. Kronrod's position was formally at the Institute of Physics, which meant that his students had to register with other advisers, accounting for the decline of the circle into a series of friendly meetings. When he defended thesis in 1949, his committee including
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was a last resort for seriously ill patients and was administered by physicians in one case in a hospital ward A.A. Vishnevskiy reserved for treatments by
Kronrod's method. Kronrod himself never gave the drug to patients and through physicians gave it away free. The drug was unapproved and a criminal
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and others on a cabinet ministry commission and oversaw the computation of the country's material expenditures to correct price formation. Kronrod's student V. D. Belkin further developed this work. At the
Gertsen cancer research institute during the 1960s, with his student P. E. Kunin he studied the
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were colleagues and Luzin's last students. Like his teacher, Kronrod led a series of supplementary seminars for younger mathematics students. Unusually for the time, instead of students merely reporting on the content of courses, Kronrod made his students undertake training exercises, even proving
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He slowly recovered when a stroke took his speech and ability to read and write but was forced to resign at the
Central Geophysical Expedition and stop all work on math. He saved his own life by asking to be soaked in a tub of very hot water for several hours after a second stroke. He died on 6
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Kronrod rewarded accuracy. He held what today are controversial views on the role of gender in computing. He employed women in ITEP's coding and card punching groups, believing that female computing staff members are more accurate than males. He also believed that in order to think, the male
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he was rejected for military service because at the time graduate level students were exempt. They did help to build trenches around Moscow, and when he returned, Kronrod reapplied and was accepted. He served twice, and was injured twice. He was awarded several medals, including
419:, five hundred times faster. Requests for computation were analyzed and sometimes solved by other means. The equipment was maintained and there were almost no hardware malfunctions. A policy said finished programs had to be re-examined if they ran for more than ten minutes.
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reform to stimulate inventions. After gaining support he lost this position to an unsympathetic director. His last position was heading a
Central Geophysical Expedition laboratory that processed drilling data where he made calculations for gas and
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scientists qualified to use the computers needed to be free from operating them. The women did the input and quality assurance side by side with the men and for each month without an error received a 20% raise in salary.
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Kronrod's participation came at great cost. The physics users at ITEP complained, thinking that the lab was being used for game playing, when the division was writing the
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Kronrod was married and about this time his son was born. During next four years he continued his studies at the
University, simultaneously working at the
261:. A biographer wrote Kronrod gave ideas "away left and right, quite honestly being convinced that the authorship belongs to the one who implements them."
301:. The second injury in 1943 hospitalised him for a year and he was discharged from the army in 1944. This injury made him an invalid of sorts for life.
724:[Meeting of the Moscow Mathematical Society 2 November 2021]. Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics at Moscow State University. 29 October 2021
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He directed the mathematics division of ITEP. They could surpass the results achieved outside the USSR by far faster machines, in the case of
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He then directed the mathematics laboratory at the
Central Scientific Research Institute of Patent Information (CNIIPI) where he proposed
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basic theorems themselves. The preparation required for this reduced the numbers of participants, but those who remained, including
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Kronrod decided that his best work was to help others and most importantly the terminally ill. He spent his fortune developing
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and a "general recursive search scheme" by
Kronrod. They were advised by Russian chess master A.R. Bitman and world champion
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laboratory so he tested the medicine on himself. Kronrod had no medical degree but he was well-informed in medicine.
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reprimanded him in 1968 for cosigning a letter with many mathematicians in defense of the mathematician and logician
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patients. Kronrod is remembered for his captivating personality and was admired as a student, teacher and leader.
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During the 1960s he worked on mathematics education in high schools by organizing courses and teaching methods.
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which he published in 1964. Earlier, he worked on computational solutions of problems emerging in theoretical
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case was brought against him. He regained his research records when a relative of the plaintiff required
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known in the USSR at the time as heuristic programming. He is well known for saying, "chess is the
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753:(2006). "Half a century as one day". In Bolibruch, A. A.; Osipov, Yu. S.; Sinai, Ya. G. (eds.).
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Typical appearance of a program-writing form in
Kronrod's department at ITEP, as remembered by
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381:(ITEF or ITEP) during 1950–1955 Kronod collaborated with physicists, among them
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In 1965, ITEP challenged and in 1966–1967 defeated the
American chess program
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Kronod played an important role in building the first major
Russian computer,
281:. He did his first independent mathematical work as a freshman with Professor
389:. For providing theoretical physics with numerical solutions he received the
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374:, though he liked to say his colleague N.I. Bessonov was the sole inventor.
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697:[A hundred years since the day of birth of Georgy Adelson-Velsky].
870:"International Grandmaster and World Champion Mikhail Botvinnik in Moscow"
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the teacher of many of the Soviet Union's finest scientists. Kronrod and
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from a sour milk extract for cancer patients, to fill a shortage of
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255:"Nodes and weights of quadrature formulas. Sixteen-place tables"
897:(Interview). Interviewed by Dag Spicer. Computer History Museum
721:Заседание Московского математического общества 2 ноября 2021 г.
694:Сто лет со дня рождения Георгия Максимовича Адельсона-Вельского
285:. Kronrod was honored as a student with the first prize of the
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of artificial intelligence." This quote graces the top of the
408:, later called the Institute for Electronic Control Machines.
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was a student, early collaborator and one of his biographers.
950:, I. M. Yaglom (2001). "About Aleksandr Semenovich Kronrod".
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Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics alumni
218:; October 22, 1921 – October 6, 1986) was a Soviet
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He is the author of several well known books, including
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American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)
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In 1955, he first used an electronic computer at the
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In his last undergraduate year, Kronrod studied with
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Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
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872:. Computer History Museum. accession no. 102645357
510:. The developers included Adelson-Velsky who used
481:to help doctors determine when surgery is needed.
379:Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
164:Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics
917:"Competitions, Controversies, and Computer Chess"
501:American Association for Artificial Intelligence
289:and was the only person to win the prize twice.
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348:degree in the physical-mathematical sciences.
242:. Later, Kronrod gave his fortune and life to
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437:punching checked by (a female name)
404:laboratory of the Institute of Energy of the
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755:Mathematical events of the twentieth century
234:. He is also known for his contributions to
614:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
460:He applied computing resources to the USSR
431:coding checked by (a female name)
27:Soviet mathematician and computer scientist
667:for treatment and the case was dismissed.
425:program written by (a male name)
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807:(1). Translated by Brudno, Viola: 22–30.
634:Learn how and when to remove this message
1042:Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
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503:"Games & Puzzles" chess home page.
406:Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union
275:Department of Mechanics and Mathematics
757:. Berlin: Springer. pp. 449–473.
7:
612:adding citations to reliable sources
540:trying to teach a machine to think.
434:punched by (a female name)
1012:20th-century Russian mathematicians
890:Newborn, Monty (28 February 2005).
489:Kronrod had a profound interest in
827:from the original on 21 July 2006.
428:coded by (a female name)
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395:Order of the Red Banner of Labour
306:Atomic Energy Kurchatov Institute
147:Order of the Red Banner of Labour
793:(2002). Gautschi, Walter (ed.).
671:October 1986 of a third stroke.
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228:Gauss–Kronrod quadrature formula
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964:10.1070/RM2001v056n05ABEH000448
892:"Oral History of Monty Newborn"
699:Russian Virtual Computer Museum
1032:Recipients of the Stalin Prize
1027:Moscow State University alumni
522:in what was the first test of
259:"Conversations on Programming"
202:Mikhail Aleksandrovich Kronrod
1:
987:Mathematics Genealogy Project
216:Алекса́ндр Семёнович Кронро́д
208:Aleksandr Semyonovich Kronrod
53:Aleksandr Semyonovich Kronrod
1077:Burials at Donskoye Cemetery
915:Brudno, Michael (May 2000).
473:differential diagnostics of
353:Moscow Pedagogical Institute
168:Moscow Pedagogical Institute
1062:Russian computer scientists
795:"Remembering A. S. Kronrod"
287:Moscow Mathematical Society
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1067:Soviet computer scientists
1017:Mathematicians from Moscow
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344:degree and awarded him a
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200:Not to be confused with
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868:Monroe Newborn (1980).
554:Alexander Esenin-Volpin
491:artificial intelligence
485:Artificial intelligence
279:Moscow State University
111:Moscow State University
529:vs. selective search.
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351:Kronrod taught at the
1072:Soviet mathematicians
1047:Computer chess people
952:Russian Math. Surveys
924:University of Toronto
763:10.1007/3-540-29462-7
751:Vitushkin, Anatoli G.
342:Candidate of Sciences
317:Georgy Adelson-Velsky
299:Order of the Red Star
246:to care for terminal
226:, best known for the
608:improve this section
556:, a son of the poet
372:Relay Computer RVM-1
269:Kronrod was born in
800:Math. Intelligencer
1082:Russian scientists
1052:Numerical analysts
813:10.1007/BF03025307
470:Leonid Kantorovich
346:Doctor of Sciences
224:computer scientist
1057:Jewish scientists
983:Aleksandr Kronrod
849:on 4 October 2006
691:(12 April 2022).
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520:Mikhail Botvinnik
468:. He served with
383:Isaak Pomeranchuk
334:Andrey Kolmogorov
326:Anatoli Vitushkin
283:Alexander Gelfond
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185:Doctoral students
154:Scientific career
34:Aleksandr Kronrod
18:Alexander Kronrod
16:(Redirected from
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90:Soviet Union
83:(1986-10-06)
1007:1986 deaths
1002:1921 births
853:19 December
728:25 December
704:25 December
527:brute force
475:lung cancer
121:Mathematics
97:Nationality
996:Categories
970:in Russian
941:References
929:2006-12-19
901:2006-12-17
876:2006-12-22
496:Drosophila
387:Lev Landau
59:1921-10-22
821:119452130
595:does not
548:When the
479:pneumonia
265:Education
236:economics
129:economics
825:Archived
624:May 2017
576:Medicine
244:medicine
133:medicine
88:Moscow,
985:at the
839:"Chess"
616:removed
601:sources
524:Shannon
464:and to
393:and an
292:During
232:physics
212:Russian
101:Russian
819:
769:
652:anabol
565:patent
449:Yaglom
445:Landis
417:Geneva
271:Moscow
248:cancer
166:(ITEP)
139:Awards
67:Moscow
920:(PDF)
895:(PDF)
817:S2CID
675:Notes
665:milil
660:Milil
648:milil
538:chess
71:RSFSR
855:2006
767:ISBN
730:2023
706:2023
599:any
597:cite
477:and
447:and
413:CERN
385:and
336:and
324:and
257:and
240:USSR
222:and
78:Died
49:Born
960:doi
809:doi
759:doi
610:by
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998::
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