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In 2017 the
Eastern Band bought a building next to the mound, later studying whether to adapt it for use as a museum. In May 2019, the town of Franklin transferred the mound to the non-profit Nikwasi Initiative. The Tribal Council of the Eastern Band of the Cherokee voted in July 2019 to provide $
527:
The
Mainspring Conservation Trust acquired Watauga Mound and part of its historic town site in 2020, for conservation. It is located north of Franklin along the Little Tennessee River. Mainspring is working with the EBCI and Nikwasi Initiative to preserve this property and have it be part of the
697:
Varnod, Francis (1723–4). "A true and exact account of the number and names of all the towns belonging to the
Cherrikee Nation, and the number of men, women and children inhabiting the same taken Anno 1721". London: United Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign
388:, rebel forces leveled the town on September 10, 1776. Rutherford burned the town and its farmlands to the ground. After an austere, harsh winter, the town sued for peace with the colonists the following Spring. The Cherokee rebuilt again and continued life at Nikwasi.
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The mound site takes its name from the historic
Cherokee town which had covered about 100 acres there; it was documented in the English colonial records in the early 18th century. Based on the southeast orientation of the ramp and the results of a 2009
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263:, has been working to re-acquire its traditional lands and sacred mounds in this region. In 2019 the town of Franklin transferred the deed for Nikwasi mound to the Nikwasi Initiative, a non-profit set up by the EBCI, as part of this effort.
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As noted above, the
Eastern Band formed the Nikwasi Initiative, a non-profit designed to work on development and interpretation in the area related to historic Cherokee and ancient indigenous sites along the Little Tennessee River.
309:
The
Francis Varnod census, enumerated in 1721 as part of a survey of Cherokee towns for the Anglican Society for Propagation of the Gospel (SPG), found the native population of Nikwasi to be 162: 53 men, 50 women, and 59 children.
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The mound was privately owned for more than a century by various
European Americans, and in 1946 the town of Franklin raised money to buy and preserve it. Schoolchildren were among those who donated for this purpose. The
391:
After the
Revolutionary War, European-American migration west and settlement in Native American territories continued. In 1819 the federal government forced the Cherokee of this area to cede their lands and move into the
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archaeologists in 1963 constitutes the entirety of formal excavation known to have been undertaken at
Nikwasi. The mound's excellent state of preservation owes much to the fact that it was never opened by the
248:, estimated to have been built about 1000 CE, is the only extant feature left of the Cherokee town. The mound site and a small area has been owned and preserved by Franklin since 1946. It was listed on the
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During the summer of 1761, the
Nikwasi townhouse was used as a field hospital by members of a punitive English expedition against the Cherokee and other native American allies of
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town which is first found in colonial records in the early 18th century, but is much older. The town covered about 100 acres (40 ha) on the floodplain of the
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as their expression of public architecture, as it enabled the community to gather. The people of Nikwasi likely met here with a colonial delegation who came from
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in downtown Franklin. The mound architecture has been well-preserved to the present, and the access ramp and flat summit continue to be easily differentiated.
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regarded this as "desecration", and principal chief Michell Hicks asked for the site to be turned over to the Eastern Band, which the town refused to do.
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constructed on top of the mound. The fire had been kept burning since the beginning of their culture, and every townhouse had a fire pit for it.
45:
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455:. They plan for the mound to be featured as part of the "Nikwasi-Cowee Corridor," an EBCI proposal to highlight Nikwasi mound and the nearby
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384:, the Cherokee had become allies of the British, hoping they would support the expulsion of settlers from Cherokee territory. During the
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Center places and Cherokee towns: archaeological perspectives on Native American architecture and landscape in the Southern Appalachians
790:. Alexander Samuel Salley, Jr. (ed.). Columbia: Printed for the Historical Commission of South Carolina by the State Co. pp. 12–14.
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Journal of Colonel John Herbert, Commissioner Indian Affairs for the Province of South Carolina, October 17, 1727, to March 19, 1727/8
73:
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353:). Cuming "appointed" Moytoy as "Emperor" of the Cherokee and secured a dubious pledge of allegiance of all the Cherokee peoples to
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275:) was founded sometime before the mid-1500s, as it appears on a 1566 map. It is first mentioned in 1718 in the records of the
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Steere, Benjamin A. (2015). "Revisiting platform mounds and townhouses in the Cherokee heartland: a collaborative approach".
117:
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2011:
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The platform mound (now better maintained than in the 1963 photo) is conspicuous to the many drivers who pass by daily on
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431:. As a result of these findings, it is clear that prior to the flooding and fill events, the mound enjoyed greater
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668:"Living Memorials to the Past – The Preservation of Nikwasi and the "Disappearance" of North Carolina's Cherokees"
337:, was hosted at the town from April 3 to 4, 1730. During the negotiations with the Cherokee, Cuming had met with
318:
As was typical in the Cherokee heartland, the people built their townhouse or meeting hall on top of the central
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396:. At that time Nikwasi mound and an associated 690 acres was first acquired by European Americans. This
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in 1727; Colonel John Herbert took part in a treaty council held in the town house on December 3, 1727.
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than it is today. The mound appears to have been built by indigenous ancestors of the Cherokee in the
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during the 1880s, when its staff excavated some ancient mounds. In 1980, the mound was listed on the
333:
Following the Cherokee signing of the treaty with South Carolina, a self-appointed royal ambassador,
1422:
920:; article 06 March 2019; Written by Stone, Jessi; "Smokey Mountain News online;" accessed April 2019
459:(a similar ancient platform mound located across the Little Tennessee River and north of Franklin).
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5015:
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4368:
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1988:
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1608:
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for the town. Here the Cherokee leaders hosted British and American delegations through the years.
377:
led this force, which razed most of the town in their expedition. The Cherokee rebuilt their town.
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A 2009 GPR survey revealed that the base of the mound is covered by one to two meters of combined
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2006:
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739:"Revisiting Platform Mounds and Townhouses in the Cherokee Heartland: A Collaborative Approach"
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1963:
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effort gathered force in the 1830s after Congress passed legislation in 1830 to authorize it.
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survey, the summit of the mound is thought to have been the seat of the Cherokee communal
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1918:
1768:
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801:"Account of the Cherokee Indians, and of Sir Alexander Cuming's Journey Amongst Them".
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1978:
1953:
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Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
991:"Cherokee invest in Nikwasi Mound's future, as preservation efforts pick up steam"
451:(EBCI) has negotiated to acquire more control through the "Nikwasi Initiative," a
929:
Note: A southeast-oriented doorway is the norm for excavated Cherokee townhouses.
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5537:
5427:
5377:
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5312:
4177:
4116:
4104:
3755:
3636:
3616:
3481:
3341:
3331:
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2960:
2726:
2578:
2522:
2470:
2184:
2041:
1828:
1738:
1682:
1633:
1412:
1303:
1278:
1231:
1216:
5527:
5522:
5512:
5487:
5307:
5262:
5242:
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4225:
4147:
3792:
3689:
3561:
3476:
3391:
3301:
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2475:
2427:
2397:
2337:
2144:
1903:
1713:
1655:
1613:
1603:
1457:
1336:
543:
National Register of Historic Places listings in Macon County, North Carolina
132:
119:
5547:
5542:
5507:
5332:
5267:
5247:
5217:
5020:
4775:
4742:
4672:
4545:
4230:
3566:
3396:
2547:
2537:
2517:
2412:
2221:
2109:
2001:
1778:
1462:
1376:
509:
481:
428:
303:
5733:
867:
French, Christopher (1977). "Journal of an Expedition to South Carolina".
5572:
5297:
5207:
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3765:
3729:
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3541:
3326:
2773:
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1958:
1883:
1226:
1221:
829:. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 16, 166–169.
424:
226:
169:
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667:
282:
The town was a spiritual, cultural, and ceremonial center for the local
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3256:
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2748:
2731:
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1996:
1211:
1106:
298:, is considered the first "Mother Town".) The Cherokee people kept the
1107:
Archaeological Survey, US 441-B, Franklin, Macon County, Tip No. U-621
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4030:
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2329:
2199:
1848:
1753:
291:
6323:
National Register of Historic Places in Macon County, North Carolina
1113:"Nequasee – Franklin, NC, U.S. National Register of Historic Places"
5492:
4727:
3862:
2532:
2278:
1808:
1670:
471:
Western side of Nikwasi mound showing the access ramp to the right
466:
407:
3822:
5646:
3938:
2855:
1122:
412:
The Nikwasi Mound in June 1963 with the access ramp at the left
241:, was later developed by European Americans around this site.
943:. Tuscaloosa, Ala.: University of Alabama Press. p. 18.
897:; North Carolina DCR government website; accessed April 2019
857:; North Carolina Markers, ncmarkers.com; accessed April 2019
5632:
3934:
435:
than currently, and was once a more impressive part of the
5469:
United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians (1939–present)
443:
period, with construction estimated at the year 1000 CE.
357:
from him. The treaty was generally honored until 1741.
500:(NRHP), in the transliterated spelling of "Nequasee."
216:
6254:
5741:
5707:
History of the National Register of Historic Places
5684:
5167:
4946:
4628:
4533:
4431:
4191:
4135:
3998:
3972:
3738:
3670:
3202:
2931:
2707:
2639:
2571:
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2503:
2456:
2328:
2317:
2247:
2098:
2055:
1987:
1695:
1569:
1481:
1400:
1327:
1190:
1181:
1094:
Cherokee Heritage Itinerary – Stop 10 Nikwasi Mound
894:
The Rutherford Trace and the Destruction of Nikwasi
188:
183:
175:
161:
153:
148:
111:
100:
16:
Pre-Columbian archaeological site in North Carolina
875:(3). Duane H. King, E. Raymond Evans (eds.): 284.
5369:Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory (1839–1907)
5329:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (1824-present)
917:Nikwasi Initiative Wants Deed to Cherokee Mound
221:) comes from the Cherokee word for "star", Ꮓꮘꮟ
5658:
3950:
2867:
1134:
1022:"Mainspring conserves Historic Cherokee Town"
888:
886:
884:
882:
463:Archaeological and geophysical investigations
8:
302:of Nikwasi located in the fire pit of their
21:
611:"Debunking Origins – Ancient Nikwasi Mound"
590:, U.S. National Register of Historic Places
5665:
5651:
5643:
3957:
3943:
3935:
2874:
2860:
2852:
2507:
2325:
1187:
1141:
1127:
1119:
1061:Franklin's Ancient Mound: Myth and History
20:
6313:Geography of Macon County, North Carolina
6308:Former populated places in North Carolina
5674:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
3382:Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
848:
846:
818:
816:
6298:Pre-historic cities in the United States
722:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
624:
622:
620:
6288:South Appalachian Mississippian culture
1052:Burt Kornegay, "Nikwasi: Sacred Fire,"
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
661:
659:
657:
655:
554:
512:on the mound to control the grass. The
441:South Appalachian Mississippian culture
225:(No-kwee-shee), and is the site of the
6303:Archaeological sites in North Carolina
712:
701:
563:"National Register of Historic Places"
604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
7:
1109:, The Digital Archeological Resource
672:The North Carolina Historical Review
498:National Register of Historic Places
271:The town (also known spelled as Ꮔꭷꮟ
250:National Register of Historic Places
4971:First Cherokee Female Seminary Site
4066:Cherokee Supplement (Unicode block)
3853:Norse colonization of North America
1103:, North Carolina Folklife Institute
524:300,000 to the Nikwasi Initiative.
487:A single 5′ x 5′ test shaft dug by
4620:Sequoyah Constitutional Convention
1157:Mississippian and related cultures
989:Ellison, Quintin (July 29, 2019).
14:
5633:Cherokee-language Knowledge (XXG)
5289:Cherokee Nation West (1810-1839)
5254:Cherokee Nation East (1794-1839)
1090:, Macon County Historical Society
666:Holly, Nathaniel F. (July 2015).
640:. Macon County Historical Society
609:Knoepp, Lillie (March 29, 2019).
386:Rutherford Light Horse expedition
6293:Cherokee towns in North Carolina
5732:
5725:
4444:Cherokee Preservation Foundation
1150:
939:Rodning, Christopher B. (2015).
449:Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
286:, who considered it one of the "
79:
72:
51:
44:
27:
5424:Cherokee Nation (1975–present)
3873:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
2791:Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
361:Further dealings with colonials
209:
166:South Appalachian Mississippian
80:
52:
5124:Hiwassee River Heritage Center
5051:Chief Vann House Historic Site
4961:Cherokee Removal Memorial Park
1173:Timeline of Mississippi valley
1068:Encyclopedia of North Carolina
968:10.1179/2168472315Y.0000000001
758:10.1179/2168472315Y.0000000001
1:
5061:Museum of the Cherokee People
2373:Grand Village of the Illinois
91:Show map of the United States
33:Eastern side of Nikwasi mound
5149:Five Civilized Tribes Museum
5026:Red Clay State Historic Park
4638:Cherokee Towns (pre-Removal)
3838:Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
3788:Eastern Agricultural Complex
2150:Grand Village of the Natchez
737:Steere, Benjamin A. (2015).
514:Eastern Band of the Cherokee
489:University of North Carolina
457:Cowee Mound and village site
217:
6267:National Historic Landmarks
5453:Chadwick "Corntassel" Smith
4474:Cherokee Southwest Township
4459:Keetoowah Nighthawk Society
4391:Cherokee Nation (1794–1907)
4308:1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles
4127:Flag of the Cherokee Nation
3222:Bandelier National Monument
3096:List of Mississippian sites
2883:Pre-Columbian North America
1168:List of Mississippian sites
869:Journal of Cherokee Studies
538:List of Mississippian sites
290:of their homeland." (Note:
277:British colonies in America
88:Nikwasi (the United States)
60:Shown within North Carolina
6339:
4594:Cherokee Nation v. Leavitt
4569:Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
4479:Oconaluftee Indian Village
4454:Original Keetoowah Society
3642:West Oak Forest Earthlodge
3247:The Bluff Point Stoneworks
2956:Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
1054:Wildlife in North Carolina
613:. Blue Ridge Public Radio.
508:In 2012, Franklin sprayed
382:American Revolutionary War
63:Show map of North Carolina
5723:
5628:
5006:Trail of Tears State Park
4956:Cherokee National Capitol
4362:Jackson and McMinn Treaty
4337:Treaty of Dewitt's Corner
4071:Cherokee Immersion School
3911:
3883:Three Sisters agriculture
2889:
2818:
1163:
823:Conley, Robert J (2007).
255:The federally recognized
38:
26:
5139:Fort Smith Historic Site
4907:Western Cherokee Nation
4506:Cherokee Central Schools
4291:Battle of Lindley's Fort
4061:Cherokee (Unicode block)
3422:Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site
2981:Buttermilk Creek complex
2085:Naval Live Oaks Cemetery
1075:North Carolina Gazetteer
1066:William S. Powell, ed.,
956:Southeastern Archaeology
746:Southeastern Archaeology
528:Nikwasi-Cowee Corridor.
478:ground-penetrating radar
300:ever-burning sacred fire
257:Eastern Band of Cherokee
106:Franklin, North Carolina
5498:Tahlonteeskee (warrior)
5484:Other notable Cherokee
4418:Jacob Brown Grant Deeds
3622:Town Creek Indian Mound
3592:Sierra de San Francisco
3447:Meadowcroft Rockshelter
2715:Ballgame (Southeastern)
2611:Long-nosed god maskette
2491:SunWatch Indian Village
2438:Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs
2299:Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village
1008:Asheville Citizen-Times
826:A Cherokee Encyclopedia
803:The Historical Register
588:Nequasee – Franklin, NC
453:non-profit organization
252:in 1980 as "Nequasee."
5697:Keeper of the Register
5418:William Charles Rogers
5338:William Holland Thomas
5114:The Great Trading Path
4281:Cherokee–American wars
3277:Coso Rock Art District
3164:Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
3067:List of Hopewell sites
2466:Alligator Effigy Mound
2080:Hickory Ridge Cemetery
2032:Leon-Jefferson culture
1428:Caborn-Welborn culture
1099:March 6, 2012, at the
786:Herbert, John (1936).
711:Cite journal requires
472:
433:topographic prominence
413:
231:Little Tennessee River
179:1727 Treaty of Nikwasi
5712:National Park Service
5692:Contributing property
5144:Port Royal State Park
4369:Transylvania Purchase
4342:Treaty of Hard Labour
4264:Siege of Fort Loudoun
3990:United Keetoowah Band
3685:Arlington Springs Man
3527:Portsmouth Earthworks
1195:and Upper Mississippi
638:maconnchistorical.org
470:
411:
371:French and Indian War
133:35.18499°N 83.37360°W
5408:Samuel Houston Mayes
4585:The Cherokee Tobacco
4577:Worcester v. Georgia
4561:freedmen controversy
4521:Sequoyah High School
4511:Cherokee High School
4374:Chickamauga Cherokee
4332:Treaty of Turkeytown
4322:Treaty of New Echota
4298:Nickajack Expedition
4276:Cherokee War of 1776
3893:Transoceanic contact
3783:Container Revolution
3357:Gila Cliff Dwellings
3322:Etowah Indian Mounds
2754:Earth/fertility cult
2458:Fort Ancient culture
1342:Dogtooth Bend Mounds
1328:Lower Ohio River and
1314:Steed-Kisker culture
1115:, Waymarking website
1027:Cherokee One Feather
504:Preservation efforts
259:, which is based at
189:Architectural styles
5016:Rattlesnake Springs
4601:Cherokee Commission
4286:Battle of Hightower
4173:Kâ'lanû Ahkyeli'skï
4076:New Kituwah Academy
4041:Green Corn Ceremony
3813:Green Corn Ceremony
3627:Turkey River Mounds
3417:Lake Jackson Mounds
3237:Blue Spring Shelter
2759:Green Corn Ceremony
2319:Upper Mississippian
2269:Blue Spring Shelter
1989:Fort Walton culture
1443:Hovey Lake District
1073:William S. Powell,
380:By the time of the
218:Nequasi or Nequasee
138:35.18499; -83.37360
129: /
23:
5208:Outacite of Keowee
5119:The Great War Path
5094:Oconaluftee valley
5079:Stick Ball Grounds
5001:Tellico Blockhouse
4406:Indian Removal Act
4352:Treaty of Hopewell
4347:Treaty of Lochaber
4303:American Civil War
4259:Anglo-Cherokee War
4143:Ani Hyuntikwalaski
3898:Underwater panther
3572:Rosenstock Village
3442:Marmes Rockshelter
3427:L'Anse aux Meadows
2841:de Soto Expedition
2806:Underwater panther
2652:Central Algonquian
2363:Fisher Mound Group
2007:Apalachee Province
1974:Waddells Mill Pond
473:
437:cultural landscape
414:
6275:
6274:
5702:Historic district
5640:
5639:
5593:Clement V. Rogers
5463:Chuck Hoskin, Jr.
5413:Thomas Buffington
5178:Moytoy of Tellico
5099:Oconaluftee River
5031:Hair Conrad Cabin
4966:Chieftains Museum
4517:Sequoyah Schools
4379:Overhill Cherokee
4357:Treaty of Holston
4327:Treaty of Tellico
4317:Cherokee treaties
4088:Spiritual beliefs
3932:
3931:
3924:Pre-Columbian era
3725:Spirit Cave mummy
3522:Plum Bayou Mounds
3432:Lynch Quarry Site
2951:Ancient Beringian
2849:
2848:
2814:
2813:
2499:
2498:
2115:Atchafalaya Basin
2057:Pensacola culture
2022:Fort Walton Mound
1914:Punk Rock Shelter
1874:Mouse Creek phase
1697:South Appalachian
1691:
1690:
1570:Central and Lower
1511:Castalian Springs
1501:Brentwood Library
1401:Middle Ohio River
1254:Emerald Acropolis
569:on August 3, 2012
425:alluvial deposits
343:First Beloved Man
296:Tuckaseegee River
215:
199:
198:
6330:
5736:
5729:
5728:
5667:
5660:
5653:
5644:
5563:Markwayne Mullin
5393:Dennis Bushyhead
5273:Charles R. Hicks
5198:Moytoy of Citico
5089:Tuckasegee River
5011:Brainerd Mission
4996:Sequoyah's Cabin
4903:Cherokee Nations
4541:Principal Chiefs
4534:Politics and law
4485:Unto These Hills
4449:Warriors Society
4411:Cherokee descent
4385:Cherokee Phoenix
4269:Battle of Echoee
4252:Battle of Taliwa
4231:skiagusta (rank)
4158:Moon-eyed people
4093:Moon-eyed people
4011:National holiday
3959:
3952:
3945:
3936:
3868:Projectile point
3705:Leanderthal Lady
3632:Upward Sun River
3607:Stallings Island
3597:Shell ring sites
3547:Recapture Canyon
3462:Moorehead Circle
3307:El Fin del Mundo
3292:Cueva de la Olla
3098:
3085:Maritime Archaic
3069:
2899:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2853:
2616:Mill Creek chert
2606:Duck River cache
2508:
2326:
2090:Pensacola people
1884:Muscogee (Creek)
1724:Bell Field Mound
1438:Hovey Lake-Klein
1392:Wickliffe Mounds
1367:Rowlandton Mound
1284:Lunsford-Pulcher
1188:
1155:
1154:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1120:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1005:
1003:
996:The Sylva Herald
986:
980:
979:
951:
945:
944:
936:
930:
927:
921:
913:
898:
890:
877:
876:
864:
858:
850:
841:
840:
820:
811:
810:
798:
792:
791:
783:
777:
776:
774:
772:
743:
734:
728:
727:
720:
714:
709:
707:
699:
694:
688:
687:
663:
650:
649:
647:
645:
635:
626:
615:
614:
606:
591:
585:
579:
578:
576:
574:
565:. Archived from
559:
335:Alexander Cuming
220:
214:romanized:
213:
211:
144:
143:
141:
140:
139:
134:
130:
127:
126:
125:
122:
92:
83:
82:
76:
64:
55:
54:
48:
31:
24:
6338:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6328:
6327:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6250:
5743:
5737:
5731:
5730:
5726:
5721:
5680:
5671:
5641:
5636:
5624:
5613:Kimberly Teehee
5473:James L. Gordon
5458:Bill John Baker
5443:Wilma Mankiller
5383:William P. Ross
5358:Patrick Lambert
5203:Standing Turkey
5163:
5109:Sycamore Shoals
5084:Cullasaja River
5036:Nancy Ward Tomb
4986:John Ross House
4948:
4942:
4936:Qualla Boundary
4911:Cherokee Nation
4713:Hiwassee Island
4643:Amoyeligunahita
4630:
4624:
4529:
4496:Female Seminary
4469:Heritage groups
4439:Heritage Center
4427:
4423:Texas Cherokees
4236:outacite (rank)
4187:
4131:
3994:
3980:Cherokee Nation
3968:
3963:
3933:
3928:
3919:Genetic history
3907:
3761:Ceremonial pipe
3734:
3715:Minnesota Woman
3672:
3666:
3487:Ocmulgee Mounds
3467:Morrison Mounds
3412:Kolomoki Mounds
3402:Kimball Village
3262:Candelaria Cave
3204:
3198:
3179:Suwannee Valley
3114:Old Cordilleran
3094:
3065:
2933:
2927:
2893:
2885:
2880:
2850:
2845:
2831:Clarksdale bell
2810:
2796:Stone box grave
2737:Ceremonial pipe
2703:
2662:Mobilian Jargon
2635:
2567:
2495:
2452:
2320:
2313:
2250:
2243:
2101:
2094:
2051:
1983:
1929:Rucker's Bottom
1719:Beaverdam Creek
1699:
1687:
1571:
1565:
1526:Hiwassee Island
1483:
1477:
1468:Welborn Village
1396:
1357:Millstone Bluff
1330:Confluence area
1329:
1323:
1319:Sugarloaf Mound
1259:Emmons Cemetery
1194:
1192:American Bottom
1183:
1177:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1101:Wayback Machine
1084:
1059:Barbara McRae,
1049:
1047:Further reading
1044:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1030:. July 14, 2020
1020:
1019:
1015:
1001:
999:
988:
987:
983:
953:
952:
948:
938:
937:
933:
928:
924:
914:
901:
891:
880:
866:
865:
861:
851:
844:
837:
822:
821:
814:
800:
799:
795:
785:
784:
780:
770:
768:
741:
736:
735:
731:
721:
710:
700:
696:
695:
691:
665:
664:
653:
643:
641:
633:
631:"Nikwasi Mound"
629:County, Macon.
628:
627:
618:
608:
607:
594:
586:
582:
572:
570:
561:
560:
556:
551:
534:
506:
465:
418:US 441 Business
406:
394:Qualla Boundary
363:
349:(known also as
316:
294:, found on the
284:Cherokee people
269:
261:Qualla Boundary
137:
135:
131:
128:
123:
120:
118:
116:
115:
96:
95:
94:
93:
90:
89:
86:
85:
84:
67:
66:
65:
62:
61:
58:
57:
56:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6336:
6334:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6280:
6279:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6258:
6256:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5747:
5745:
5739:
5738:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5717:Property types
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5688:
5686:
5682:
5681:
5678:North Carolina
5672:
5670:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5647:
5638:
5637:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5608:Hastings Shade
5605:
5603:Durbin Feeling
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5583:Jenny McIntosh
5580:
5575:
5570:
5568:Yvette Herrell
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5548:Nunnahitsunega
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5518:Elias Boudinot
5515:
5510:
5505:
5503:Turtle-at-Home
5500:
5495:
5490:
5482:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5403:Johnson Harris
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5287:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5252:
5251:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5233:Dragging Canoe
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5183:Attakullakulla
5180:
5174:Early leaders
5171:
5169:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5046:Bussell Island
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4991:Ross's Landing
4988:
4983:
4978:
4976:Judaculla Rock
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4952:
4950:
4949:memorial sites
4944:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4905:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4816:Spike Bucktown
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4634:
4632:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4606:Cherokee Strip
4598:
4590:
4581:
4573:
4565:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4548:
4543:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4523:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4503:
4498:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4401:Trail of Tears
4393:
4388:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4310:
4300:
4295:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4243:
4241:Raven of Chota
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4153:Horned Serpent
4150:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4085:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4002:
4000:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3954:
3947:
3939:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3843:Mound Builders
3840:
3835:
3830:
3828:Medicine wheel
3825:
3820:
3818:Horned Serpent
3815:
3810:
3805:
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3599:
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3557:Roberts Island
3554:
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3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3492:Old Stone Fort
3489:
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3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3457:Moaning Cavern
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
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3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3407:Kincaid Mounds
3404:
3399:
3394:
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3379:
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3369:
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3359:
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3329:
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3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3287:Cuarenta Casas
3284:
3279:
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3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3242:Bluefish Caves
3239:
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3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3206:
3203:Archaeological
3200:
3199:
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3048:
3043:
3038:
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3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3001:Caloosahatchee
2998:
2993:
2988:
2986:Caborn-Welborn
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
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2932:Archaeological
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2910:
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2890:
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2836:Mound Builders
2833:
2828:
2823:
2822:Related topics
2819:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2784:Village bundle
2776:
2771:
2769:Platform mound
2766:
2764:Horned Serpent
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2745:
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2669:
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2649:
2643:
2641:
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2631:Stone statuary
2628:
2623:
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2596:
2591:
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2575:
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2500:
2497:
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2481:Leo Petroglyph
2478:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2454:
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2418:Moccasin Bluff
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2368:Gentleman Farm
2365:
2360:
2355:
2353:Carcajou Point
2350:
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2332:
2323:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2284:Caddoan Mounds
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2234:
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2224:
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2209:
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2157:
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2127:
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2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2070:Dauphin Island
2067:
2061:
2059:
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2050:
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2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
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1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
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1761:
1756:
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1746:
1744:Bussell Island
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1693:
1692:
1689:
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1548:
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1528:
1523:
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1508:
1503:
1498:
1496:Beasley Mounds
1493:
1487:
1485:
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1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1347:Kincaid Mounds
1344:
1339:
1333:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1264:Horseshoe Lake
1261:
1256:
1251:
1249:Dickson Mounds
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1082:External links
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836:978-0826339515
835:
812:
809:: 11–12. 1731.
793:
778:
752:(3): 196–219.
729:
713:|journal=
689:
678:(3): 312–337.
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398:Indian Removal
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355:King George II
328:South Carolina
320:platform mound
315:
314:Treaty of 1727
312:
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246:platform mound
239:North Carolina
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193:platform mound
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5609:
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5599:
5598:Redbird Smith
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5588:Sam Sixkiller
5586:
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5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5398:Joel B. Mayes
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5373:Lewis Downing
5371:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5363:Richard Sneed
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5348:Gerard Parker
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5303:Tahlonteeskee
5301:
5299:
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5291:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5278:William Hicks
5276:
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5228:Little Turkey
5226:
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5159:Cherokee Path
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4947:Landmarks and
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4929:
4928:
4927:Eastern Band
4926:
4922:
4921:Tahlonteeskee
4919:
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4912:
4909:
4908:
4906:
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4891:Running Water
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4501:Male Seminary
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4432:Organizations
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4103:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3960:
3955:
3953:
3948:
3946:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3803:Falcon dancer
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:Miscellaneous
3737:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3710:Melbourne Man
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3700:La Brea Woman
3698:
3696:
3695:Kennewick Man
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3587:Serpent Mound
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:Pueblo Bonito
3535:
3533:
3532:Poverty Point
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3517:Pinson Mounds
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3507:Painted Bluff
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:Horr's Island
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:Effigy Mounds
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3282:Crystal River
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3194:Weeden Island
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:Safety Harbor
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3149:Poverty Point
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3129:Paleo-Indians
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3090:Mississippian
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2854:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2779:Sacred bundle
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2599:Wulfing cache
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2584:Copper plates
2582:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Three Sisters
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2528:Little barley
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:Serpent Mound
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2448:Summer Island
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2251:Mississippian
2246:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2102:Mississippian
2097:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:Corbin–Tucker
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1924:Roods Landing
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:Moccasin Bend
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1794:Hoojah Branch
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1701:Mississippian
1698:
1694:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Menard-Hodges
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1561:Swallow Bluff
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1482:Tennessee and
1480:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:Marshall Site
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1184:Mississippian
1180:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1009:
998:
997:
992:
985:
982:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
950:
947:
942:
935:
932:
926:
923:
919:
918:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
900:
896:
895:
889:
887:
885:
883:
879:
874:
870:
863:
860:
856:
855:
849:
847:
843:
838:
832:
828:
827:
819:
817:
813:
808:
804:
797:
794:
789:
782:
779:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
740:
733:
730:
725:
718:
705:
693:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
662:
660:
658:
656:
652:
639:
632:
625:
623:
621:
617:
612:
605:
603:
601:
599:
597:
593:
589:
584:
581:
568:
564:
558:
555:
548:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
531:
529:
525:
521:
517:
515:
511:
503:
501:
499:
495:
490:
485:
483:
479:
469:
462:
460:
458:
454:
450:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
410:
403:
401:
399:
395:
389:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
360:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
313:
311:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
266:
264:
262:
258:
253:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:
207:
203:
194:
191:
187:
182:
178:
174:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
152:
147:
142:
114:
110:
107:
103:
99:
75:
47:
37:
30:
25:
19:
6186:Transylvania
5630:
5618:Shawna Baker
5553:Ned Christie
5478:John W. Hair
5438:Ross Swimmer
5433:W. W. Keeler
5188:Amouskositte
5134:Tuckaleechee
5104:Abrams Creek
5066:Untokiasdiyi
5041:Blythe Ferry
4592:
4583:
4575:
4567:
4483:
4383:
4248:Tribal Wars
4122:Booger dance
3985:Eastern Band
3903:Water glyphs
3858:Oasisamerica
3848:N.A.G.P.R.A.
3808:Folsom point
3798:Effigy mound
3778:Clovis point
3746:Aridoamerica
3647:Wickiup Hill
3602:Spiro Mounds
3582:Salmon Ruins
3577:Russell Cave
3372:Helen Blazes
3367:Grimes Point
3347:Fort Juelson
3337:Fort Ancient
3312:El Vallecito
3272:Chaco Canyon
3212:Angel Mounds
3174:Steed-Kisker
3124:Paleo-Arctic
3046:Glacial Kame
3031:Fort Ancient
2923:Post-Classic
2894:
2826:Chevron bead
2732:Burial mound
2626:Shell gorget
2594:Spiro plates
2589:Rogan plates
2408:Knoll Spring
2383:Hartley Fort
2343:Beattie Park
2227:Transylvania
2065:Bottle Creek
2027:Lake Jackson
1909:Pisgah phase
1893:
1839:Little Egypt
1789:Garden Creek
1774:Dallas phase
1661:Tipton phase
1639:Nodena phase
1536:Mound Bottom
1521:Fewkes Group
1506:Brick Church
1408:Angel Mounds
1274:Kuhn Station
1269:John Chapman
1074:
1067:
1060:
1053:
1032:. Retrieved
1025:
1016:
1006:– via
1000:. Retrieved
994:
984:
959:
955:
949:
940:
934:
925:
916:
893:
872:
868:
862:
853:
825:
806:
802:
796:
787:
781:
771:December 15,
769:. Retrieved
749:
745:
732:
704:cite journal
692:
675:
671:
644:November 11,
642:. Retrieved
637:
583:
571:. Retrieved
567:the original
557:
526:
522:
518:
507:
486:
474:
445:
429:manmade fill
422:
415:
390:
379:
364:
350:
338:
332:
317:
308:
299:
288:Mother Towns
287:
281:
272:
270:
254:
243:
222:
201:
200:
184:Architecture
18:
6255:Other lists
6076:Northampton
6071:New Hanover
6046:Mecklenburg
5578:Major Ridge
5558:John Martin
5538:Joseph Vann
5428:J. B. Milam
5353:Joyce Dugan
5323:John Rogers
5318:John Looney
5313:Sam Houston
5243:Incalatanga
5056:Mantle Rock
4981:Long Island
4718:Island town
4556:1842 revolt
4464:Youth Choir
4163:Nun'Yunu'Wi
4117:Stomp dance
4105:Black drink
4100:Ethnobotany
3888:Thunderbird
3756:Black drink
3720:Peñon woman
3657:Winterville
3637:Velda Mound
3617:Taos Pueblo
3512:Parkin Park
3497:Orwell site
3482:Nodena site
3377:Holly Bluff
3352:Four Mounds
3342:Fort Center
3267:Casa Grande
3217:Anzick site
3109:Monongahela
3036:Fort Walton
3011:Coles Creek
2976:Belle Glade
2961:Anishinaabe
2801:Thunderbird
2727:Black drink
2579:Emmons mask
2523:Chenopodium
2511:Agriculture
2433:Plum Island
2388:Hotel Plaza
2237:Winterville
2217:Scott Place
2155:Holly Bluff
2075:Fort Walton
1829:Lamar phase
1683:Walls phase
1579:Belle Meade
1572:Mississippi
1516:Dunbar Cave
1418:Annis Mound
1413:Angel phase
1387:Ware Mounds
1382:Twin Mounds
1232:Ramey state
1217:Monks Mound
1056:(July 2000)
1034:January 28,
494:Smithsonian
375:James Grant
369:during the
195:, c.1000 CE
136: /
112:Coordinates
104:Modern day
6282:Categories
6216:Washington
6151:Rutherford
6141:Rockingham
6106:Perquimans
6096:Pasquotank
6056:Montgomery
5876:Cumberland
5631:See also:
5533:David Vann
5528:James Vann
5523:Wauhatchie
5513:Goingsnake
5488:Nancy Ward
5308:John Jolly
5263:Pathkiller
5223:Old Tassel
5213:Oconostota
4881:Turtletown
4876:Turkeytown
4866:Tuckasegee
4801:Oostanaula
4748:Long Swamp
4743:Kulsetsiyi
4492:Education
4226:Ani-kutani
4183:Tsul 'Kalu
4148:Deer Woman
3833:Metallurgy
3793:Eden point
3690:Buhl Woman
3562:Rock Eagle
3552:River Styx
3477:Mummy Cave
3472:Moundville
3452:Mesa Verde
3437:Marksville
3184:Tchefuncte
3144:Plaquemine
3080:Las Palmas
2996:Calf Creek
2991:Cades Pond
2538:Marshelder
2423:Oak Forest
2393:Hoxie Farm
2207:Pocahontas
2100:Plaquemine
2037:Letchworth
1969:Town Creek
1904:Park Mound
1869:Moundville
1854:Mandeville
1844:Long Swamp
1804:Jere Shine
1656:Quigualtam
1604:Chucalissa
1491:Backusburg
1484:Cumberland
1473:Yankeetown
1458:Slack Farm
1433:Ellerbusch
1337:Adams site
1244:Cloverdale
962:(3): 206.
549:References
324:Charleston
124:83°22′25″W
121:35°11′06″N
5971:Henderson
5941:Granville
5911:Edgecombe
5881:Currituck
5861:Cleveland
5796:Brunswick
5761:Alleghany
5756:Alexander
5744:by county
5543:Bob Benge
5508:Junaluska
5343:Tsaladihi
5333:Yonaguska
5283:John Ross
5268:Big Tiger
5248:Tagwadihi
5238:Kunokeski
5218:Savanukah
5154:Tlanusiyi
5021:Fort Cass
4916:Tahlequah
4896:Titsohili
4861:Tsatanugi
4776:Nickajack
4763:Nantahala
4758:Nacoochee
4688:Dirt town
4668:Conasauga
4658:Chilhowee
4648:Brasstown
4629:Towns and
4611:in Kansas
4546:Blood Law
4178:U'tlun'ta
4056:syllabary
3878:Stickball
3567:Rock Hawk
3397:Key Marco
3189:Troyville
3169:St. Johns
3154:Red Ocher
2913:Formative
2667:Muskogean
2640:Languages
2553:Sunflower
2413:Mero site
2348:Blood Run
2002:Apalachee
1949:Summerour
1889:Nacoochee
1646:Owl Creek
1541:Riverview
1531:Link Farm
1423:Bone Bank
1377:Turk Site
1372:Towosahgy
1237:Woodhenge
1088:"Nikwasi"
1002:August 8,
976:155444628
766:155444628
510:herbicide
482:townhouse
404:The mound
351:Ama-edohi
304:townhouse
244:Today, a
154:Abandoned
6161:Scotland
6131:Richmond
6126:Randolph
6051:Mitchell
6041:McDowell
6001:Johnston
5976:Hertford
5951:Guilford
5921:Franklin
5891:Davidson
5866:Columbus
5846:Cherokee
5826:Carteret
5816:Caldwell
5811:Cabarrus
5801:Buncombe
5781:Beaufort
5751:Alamance
5448:Joe Byrd
5388:Utselata
5378:Degataga
5298:Degadoga
5293:The Bowl
5071:Standing
4931:Cherokee
4886:Tuskegee
4846:Tomotley
4841:Tomassee
4806:Red Clay
4753:Mialoquo
4708:Hiwassee
4703:Frogtown
4693:Ducktown
4683:Crowtown
4631:villages
4216:Treaties
4209:military
4204:timeline
4168:Nûñnë'hï
4046:Language
4016:Calendar
3966:Cherokee
3766:Chanunpa
3751:Ballgame
3730:Vero man
3680:Anzick-1
3652:Windover
3612:SunWatch
3542:Rassawek
3362:Glenwood
3252:Brewster
3104:Mogollon
3075:La Jolla
3061:Hopewell
3021:Deptford
2934:cultures
2774:Red Horn
2742:Chanunpa
2720:Northern
2708:Religion
2689:Timucuan
2657:Cherokee
2443:Schwerdt
2403:Juntunen
2378:Griesmer
2321:cultures
2274:Bluffton
2160:Jaketown
2125:Fitzhugh
1979:Wilbanks
1959:Tomotley
1934:Savannah
1899:Ocmulgee
1879:Mulberry
1814:Joe Bell
1734:Biltmore
1729:Bessemer
1594:Campbell
1556:Old Town
1362:Orr-Herl
1299:Orendorf
1294:Mitchell
1227:Mound 72
1222:Mound 34
1207:Big Eddy
1097:Archived
684:44113272
573:April 9,
532:See also
273:Nucassee
235:Franklin
227:Cherokee
206:Cherokee
170:Cherokee
162:Cultures
101:Location
6262:Bridges
6221:Watauga
6191:Tyrrell
6156:Sampson
6136:Robeson
6091:Pamlico
6031:Madison
6021:Lincoln
5996:Jackson
5991:Iredell
5966:Haywood
5961:Harnett
5956:Halifax
5916:Forsyth
5841:Chatham
5836:Catawba
5831:Caswell
5573:Sequoya
5193:Old Hop
5129:Chatata
4871:Tugaloo
4856:Toxoway
4836:Tellico
4826:Talulah
4811:Settico
4786:Nununyi
4781:Nikwasi
4723:Isunigu
4678:Coyotee
4653:Chatuga
4551:Slavery
4396:Removal
4199:History
4192:History
4136:Legends
4110:Kanuchi
4083:Marbles
4051:history
4006:Society
3999:Culture
3915:Related
3773:Chunkey
3673:remains
3662:Wupatki
3502:Paquime
3392:Huápoca
3257:Cahokia
3227:Bastian
3134:Patayan
3056:Hohokam
3041:Fremont
3016:Comondú
2971:Baytown
2966:Avonlea
2946:Alachua
2918:Classic
2908:Archaic
2896:Periods
2749:Chunkey
2694:Tunican
2672:Natchez
2647:Caddoan
2621:Pottery
2572:Artwork
2563:Tobacco
2543:Pumpkin
2504:Culture
2358:Fifield
2289:Gahagan
2264:Belcher
2249:Caddoan
2232:Venable
2195:Natchez
2180:Mazique
2135:Fosters
2130:Flowery
2120:Emerald
1997:Anhaica
1954:Taskigi
1919:Rembert
1894:Nikwasi
1859:McMahan
1834:Liddell
1709:Adamson
1619:Janet's
1609:Denmark
1584:Boone's
1546:Sellars
1453:Prather
1212:Cahokia
1202:Aztalan
854:Nikwasi
267:History
223:Noquisi
202:Nikwasi
149:History
22:Nikwasi
6246:Yancey
6241:Yadkin
6236:Wilson
6231:Wilkes
6211:Warren
6171:Stokes
6166:Stanly
6111:Person
6101:Pender
6086:Orange
6081:Onslow
6036:Martin
6016:Lenoir
5946:Greene
5936:Graham
5926:Gaston
5906:Durham
5901:Duplin
5871:Craven
5851:Chowan
5821:Camden
5791:Bladen
5786:Bertie
5685:Topics
5168:People
4831:Tanasi
4821:Talisi
4796:Oconee
4771:Echota
4738:Kituwa
4733:Keowee
4698:Etowah
4597:(2005)
4589:(1871)
4580:(1832)
4572:(1831)
4221:Kituwa
4036:Ghigau
4031:Gadugi
4026:Chiefs
3973:Tribes
3332:Folsom
3297:Cutler
3232:Benson
3119:Oneota
3051:Glades
3026:Folsom
3006:Clovis
2903:Lithic
2684:Siouan
2677:Taensa
2548:Squash
2471:Clover
2330:Oneota
2304:Keller
2294:Hughes
2259:Battle
2200:Taensa
2185:Medora
2175:Mangum
2170:Julice
2165:Jordan
2012:Cayson
1944:Sixtoe
1939:Shiloh
1849:Mabila
1784:Etowah
1764:Citico
1754:Chiaha
1749:Chauga
1666:Tunica
1651:Parkin
1634:Nodena
1629:Murphy
1599:Carson
1448:Murphy
1304:Sleeth
1289:McCune
1279:Larson
1182:Middle
1077:(1968)
1070:(2006)
1063:(1993)
974:
833:
764:
698:Parts.
682:
367:France
347:Moytoy
292:Kituwa
176:Events
6226:Wayne
6201:Vance
6196:Union
6181:Swain
6176:Surry
6146:Rowan
6061:Moore
6026:Macon
6006:Jones
5931:Gates
5896:Davie
5806:Burke
5776:Avery
5766:Anson
5742:Lists
5493:Tsali
5258:Enola
5074:Stone
4851:Toqua
4791:Ocoee
4728:Joara
4673:Cowee
4663:Chota
4245:Wars
4021:Clans
3863:Piasa
3671:Human
3302:Eaker
3205:sites
3139:Plano
2941:Adena
2699:Yuchi
2533:Maize
2518:Beans
2476:Dodge
2428:Palos
2398:Huber
2338:Anker
2309:Spiro
2279:Caddo
2212:Routh
2145:Glass
2140:Ghost
2042:Velda
1964:Toqua
1824:Lamar
1809:Joara
1799:Irene
1769:Coosa
1759:Chota
1739:Blair
1714:Avery
1676:Yazoo
1671:Koroa
1614:Eaker
1551:Obion
1309:Starr
972:S2CID
762:S2CID
742:(PDF)
680:JSTOR
634:(PDF)
341:(or "
6206:Wake
6121:Polk
6116:Pitt
6066:Nash
5986:Hyde
5981:Hoke
5886:Dare
5856:Clay
5771:Ashe
4587:case
3823:Kiva
2222:Sims
2190:Mott
2110:Anna
1819:King
1779:Dyar
1589:Boyd
1463:Tolu
1036:2021
1004:2019
831:ISBN
773:2020
724:link
717:help
646:2020
575:2012
427:and
157:1819
6011:Lee
5676:in
4768:New
3327:Eva
2047:Yon
964:doi
754:doi
345:")
339:Uku
210:Ꮑꮖꮟ
6284::
1024:.
993:.
970:.
960:34
958:.
902:^
881:^
871:.
845:^
815:^
807:16
805:.
760:.
750:34
748:.
744:.
708::
706:}}
702:{{
676:92
674:.
670:.
654:^
636:.
619:^
595:^
373:.
326:,
279:.
237:,
233:.
212:,
208::
168:;
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5659:t
5652:v
3958:e
3951:t
3944:v
2875:e
2868:t
2861:v
1142:e
1135:t
1128:v
1038:.
1010:.
978:.
966::
873:2
839:.
775:.
756::
726:)
719:)
715:(
686:.
648:.
577:.
204:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
