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been found there. A deep sounding by Max
Mallowan revealed evidence of habitation as early as the 6th millennium BC. Today, there is little evidence of these old excavations other than weathered pits and earth piles. In 1990, the only Assyrian remains visible were those of the entry court and the first few chambers of the Palace of Sennacherib. Since that time, the palace chambers have received significant damage by looters. Portions of relief sculptures that were in the palace chambers in 1990 were seen on the antiquities market by 1996. Photographs of the chambers made in 2003 show that many of the fine relief sculptures there have been reduced to piles of rubble.
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2389:. A roofing above it was begun in the late 1960s by Iraqis but was not completed. The result was a mixture of concrete and eroding mudbrick, which nonetheless does give some idea of the original structure. The excavator left some features unexcavated, allowing a view of the original Assyrian construction. The original brickwork of the outer vaulted passageway was well exposed, as was the entrance of the vaulted stairway to the upper levels. The actions of Nineveh's last defenders could be seen in the hastily built mudbrick construction which narrowed the passageway from 4 to 2 metres (13 to 7 ft). Around April 13, 2016,
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across the Tigris was the famous
Ninevah, in ruins but covered with villages and farms ... Ten years later another rabbi, Petachia of Ratisbon , also arriving at Mosul (which he called the 'New Ninevah') and crossing the river, visited 'Old Ninevah', which he described as desolate and 'overthrown like Sodom' with the land black like pitch, without a blade of grass. ... Myths apart, the localization of Ninevah remained a matter of common knowledge and beyond argument; various western travelers (such as Jean Baptiste Tavernier in 1644, and then Bourguignon d'Anville in 1779) confirmed it, and some soundings followed."
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was a reference to greater
Nineveh, including the surrounding cities of Rehoboth, Calah and Resen The Book of Jonah depicts Nineveh as a wicked city worthy of destruction. God sent Jonah to preach to the Ninevites of their coming destruction, and they fasted and repented because of this. As a result, God spared the city; when Jonah protests against this, God states he is showing mercy for the population who are ignorant of the difference between right and wrong ("who cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand") and mercy for the beasts in the city.
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2404:. It was excavated by Layard in the 19th century. The stone retaining wall and part of the mudbrick structure were reconstructed in the 1960s. The mudbrick reconstruction has deteriorated significantly. The stone wall projects outward about 20 metres (66 ft) from the line of main wall for a width of about 70 metres (230 ft). It is the only gate with such a significant projection. The mound of its remains towers above the surrounding terrain. Its size and design suggest it was the most important gate in Neo-Assyrian times.
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2230:, University of Heidelberg, developed, focusing also on other areas of Nineveh. At Tell Kuyunjiq, activities started in 2021 with rescue and restoration measures for the destroyed reliefs in the throne room wing of the Southwest Palace. Excavations in the North Palace commenced in 2022. Since 2023, work is also conducted at the Nergal Gate, which had been bulldozed by IS. In the lower town, geophysical surveys were carried out north of Kuyunjiq in 2021 and 2023 in preparation of future research on residential areas.
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2191:, who had taken part in King's expeditions. Some works were carried out outside Kuyunjiq, for instance on the mound of Tell Nebi Yunus, which was the ancient arsenal of Nineveh, or along the outside walls. Here, near the northwestern corner of the walls, beyond the pavement of a later building, the archaeologists found almost 300 fragments of prisms recording the royal annals of Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, and Ashurbanipal, beside a prism of Esarhaddon which was almost perfect.
2361:(Arabic: بوابة مسقي Derived from the passive participle of سَقَى saqā, “to give (sb) a drink, to water, to irrigate”.), it was perhaps used to take livestock to water from the Tigris which currently flows about 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) to the west. It has been reconstructed in fortified mudbrick to the height of the top of the vaulted passageway. The Assyrian original may have been plastered and ornamented. It was bulldozed along with the Nergal and Adad Gates during
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2500:. In 2016, Daesh effectively destroyed the Adad Gate (along with the adjoining northern city walls), as well as the Mashki Gate (along with the eastern fortifications) (the Mashki Gate is in the process of being restored)). Daesh also called for intensive new housing in the Kuyunjiq part and opened a large road across the southern part of the site (currently known as Al Asady Road).
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2089:. Niebuhr wrote afterwards that "I did not learn that I was at so remarkable a spot, till near the river. Then they showed me a village on a great hill, which they call Nunia, and a mosque, in which the prophet Jonah was buried. Another hill in this district is called Kalla Nunia, or the Castle of Nineveh. On that lies a village Koindsjug."
1548:), as he laid out new streets and squares and built within it the South West Palace, or "palace without a rival", the plan of which has been mostly recovered and has overall dimensions of about 503 by 242 metres (1,650 ft × 794 ft). It had at least 80 rooms, many of which were lined with sculpture. A large number of
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The ruin mound of
Kuyunjiq rises about 20 metres (66 ft) above the surrounding plain of the ancient city. It is quite broad, measuring about 800 by 500 metres (2,625 ft × 1,640 ft). Its upper layers have been extensively excavated, and several Neo-Assyrian palaces and temples have
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explored the ruins. Layard did not use modern archaeological methods; his stated goal was "to obtain the largest possible number of well preserved objects of art at the least possible outlay of time and money". In the
Kuyunjiq mound, Layard rediscovered in 1849 the lost palace of Sennacherib with its
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was sacked, the allied forces eventually reached
Nineveh, besieging and sacking the city in 612 BC, following bitter house-to-house fighting, after which it was razed. Most of the people in the city who could not escape to the last Assyrian strongholds in the north and west were either massacred
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The ruins of
Nineveh are surrounded by the remains of a massive stone and mudbrick wall dating from about 700 BC. About 12 km in length, the wall system consisted of an ashlar stone retaining wall about 6 metres (20 ft) high surmounted by a mudbrick wall about 10 metres (33 ft)
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form the four corners of an irregular quadrilateral. The ruins of the "great city" Nineveh, with the whole area included within the parallelogram they form by lines drawn from the one to the other, are generally regarded as consisting of these four sites. The description of
Nineveh in Jonah likely
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tablets were found in the palace. The solid foundation was made out of limestone blocks and mud bricks; it was 22 metres (72 ft) tall. In total, the foundation is made of roughly 2,680,000 cubic metres (3,505,308 cu yd) of brick (approximately 160 million bricks). The walls on
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dynasty. These toponyms refer to the areas to the North and South of the Khosr stream, respectively: Kuyunjiq is the name for the whole northern sector enclosed by the city walls and is dominated by the large (35 ha) mound of Tell
Kuyunjiq, while Nabī (or more commonly Nebi) Yunus is the southern
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A teaching and research tool presenting a comprehensive picture of
Nineveh within the history of archaeology in the Near East, including a searchable data repository for meaningful analysis of currently unlinked sets of data from different areas of the site and different episodes in the 160-year
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Liverani 2016, p. 23. "Toward 1170 the rabbi Benjamin of Tudela, who was traveling throughout the Near East passing from one Hebrew community to another, having arrived at Mosul (which he called 'Assur the Great') had a clear idea (thanks to information given to him by his local colleagues) that
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expedition of 1989–1990 and again in 2022 by the Iraqi-Italian Expedition. There is an outward projection of the city wall, though not as pronounced as at the Shamash Gate. The entry passage had been narrowed with mudbrick to about 2 metres (7 ft) as at the Adad Gate. Human remains from the
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is almost exclusively taken up with prophetic denunciations against Nineveh. Its ruin and utter desolation are foretold. Its end was strange, sudden, and tragic. According to the Bible, it was God's doing, his judgment on Assyria's pride. In fulfillment of prophecy, God made "an utter end of the
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Maul, S. M.; Miglus, P. A.; al-Magasees, A. Q.; et al. (2022). "في موقع تل النبي يونس - نينوى الأثرية ٢٠١٨-٢٠١٩ (ekal māšarti) تنقيبات البعثة الألمانية في القصر العسكري" [Excavations of the German mission in the Military Palace (ekal māšarti) on Tell Nebi Yunus – Archaeological site of
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At this time, Nineveh comprised about 7 square kilometres (1,730 acres) of land, and fifteen great gates penetrated its walls. An elaborate system of eighteen canals brought water from the hills to Nineveh, and several sections of a magnificently constructed aqueduct erected by Sennacherib were
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and others, and a vast treasury of specimens of Assyria was incrementally exhumed for European museums. Palace after palace was discovered, with their decorations and their sculptured slabs, revealing the life and manners of this ancient people, their arts of war and peace, the forms of their
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Tell Nebi Yunus is located about 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) south of Kuyunjiq and is the secondary ruin mound at Nineveh. On the basis of texts of Sennacherib, the site has traditionally been identified as the "armory" of Nineveh, and a gate and pavements excavated by Iraqis in 1954 have been
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The site of ancient Nineveh is bisected by the Khosr river. North of the Khosr, the site is called Kuyunjiq, including the acropolis of Tell Kuyunjiq; the illegal village of Rahmaniye lay in eastern Kuyunjiq. South of the Khosr, the urbanized area is called Nebi Yunus (also Ghazliya, Jezayr,
2464:(known locally as Daesh), which first occupied the area in 2014. In early 2015, they announced their intention to destroy the walls of Nineveh if the Iraqis tried to liberate the city. They also threatened to destroy artifacts. On February 26, they destroyed several items and statues in the
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or deported out of the city and into the countryside where they founded new settlements. Many unburied skeletons were found by the archaeologists at the site. The Assyrian Empire then came to an end by 605 BC, the Medes and Babylonians dividing its colonies between themselves.
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There is a large body of evidence to show that Assyrian monarchs built extensively in Nineveh during the late 3rd and 2nd millenniums BC; it appears to have been originally an "Assyrian provincial town". Later monarchs whose inscriptions have appeared on the high city include the
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archaeologists. From 1951 to 1958, Mohammed Ali Mustafa worked the site. The work was continued from 1967 through 1971 by Tariq Madhloom. Some additional excavation occurred by Manhal Jabur from the early 1970s to 1987. For the most part, these digs focused on Tell Nebi Yunus.
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of Judah who had not submitted to my yoke...him I shut up in Jerusalem his royal city like a caged bird. Earthworks I threw up against him, and anyone coming out of his city gate I made pay for his crime. His cities which I had plundered I had cut off from his land."
2101:, began to search the vast mounds that lay along the opposite bank of the river. While at Tell Kuyunjiq he had little success, the locals whom he employed in these excavations, to their great surprise, came upon the ruins of a building at the 20 km far-away mound of
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conducted a series of surveys and digs at the site from 1987 to 1990, focusing his attentions on the several gates and the existent mudbrick walls, as well as the system that supplied water to the city in times of siege. The excavation reports are in progress.
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mašmaš). The context of the etymology surrounding the name is the Exorcist called a Mashmash in Sumerian, was a freelance magician who operated independent of the official priesthood, and was in part a medical professional via the act of expelling demons.
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within an area of 750 hectares (1,900 acres) circumscribed by a 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) fortification wall. This whole extensive space is now one immense area of ruins overlaid by c. one third by the Nebi Yunus suburbs of the city of eastern Mosul.
2007:, set in the days of the Assyrian Empire, describes it as an "exceedingly great city of three days' journey in breadth", whose population at that time is given as "more than 120,000". Genesis 10:11–12 lists four cities "Nineveh,
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2997:"Proud Nineveh" is an emblem of earthly pride in the Old Testament prophecies: "And He will stretch out His hand against the north And destroy Assyria, And He will make Nineveh a desolation, Parched like the wilderness." (
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Besides the possible Sin Gate at the north-west end of the site, a new gate has been discovered in 2021 to the north of the Shamash Gate and south of the Khosr river (in the area labeled as N by the Iraqi-Italian
1853:, Mosul eclipsed Nineveh, which was reduced to a Christian suburb with limited new construction. By the 13th century, Nineveh was mostly ruins and was subsequently absorbed into Mosul. A church was converted into
2488:. Some of the artifacts sold and/or destroyed were from Nineveh. Just a few days after the destruction of the museum pieces, Daesh terrorists demolished parts of three other major UNESCO world heritage sites,
2222:, University of Heidelberg, established a rescue project in 2018, exploring and documenting the intrusive IS tunnels in the Assyrian Military Palace that is located below the destroyed Mosque of the prophet
990:. It is bordered by deserts to the south and mountains to the north. The cultural practices, technology, and economy in this region were shared and they followed a similar trajectory out of the neolithic.
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The stone carvings in the walls include many battle scenes, impalings and scenes showing Sennacherib's men parading the spoils of war before him. The inscriptions boasted of his conquests: he wrote of
2378:). The reconstruction is conjectural, as the gate was excavated by Layard in the mid-19th century and reconstructed in the mid-20th century. The lamassu on this gate were defaced with a jackhammer by
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1570:, with human heads. These were transported 50 kilometres (31 mi) from quarries at Balatai, and they had to be lifted up 20 metres (66 ft) once they arrived at the site, presumably by a
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Wilkinson, Eleanor Barbanes, and Stephen Lumsden, "Pottery from the University of California, Berkeley Excavations in the Area of the Maški Gate (MG22), Nineveh, 1989-1990", Archaeopress, 2022
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high and 15 metres (49 ft) thick. The stone retaining wall had projecting stone towers spaced about every 18 metres (59 ft). The stone wall and towers were topped by three-step
2296:, the tunnels under Tell Nebi Yunus were explored in 2018, in which a 3000-year-old palace was discovered, including a pair of reliefs, each showing a row of women, along with reliefs of
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by a lack of proper protective roofing, vandalism and looting holes dug into chamber floors. Future preservation is further compromised by the site's proximity to expanding suburbs.
1711:(d. 354 BC). There are no later cuneiform tablets in Akkadian from Nineveh. Although devastated in 612, the city was not completely abandoned. Yet, to the Greek historians
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records that Nineveh was "turned into mounds and heaps", but this is literary hyperbole. The complete destruction of Nineveh has traditionally been seen as confirmed by the Hebrew
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Diana Pickworth, Excavations at Nineveh: The Halzi Gate, Iraq, vol. 67, no. 1, Nineveh. Papers of the 49th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Part Two, pp. 295–316, 2005
1137:(2900–2600 BC). This period is defined primarily by the characteristic pottery that is found widely throughout Upper Mesopotamia. Also, for the Upper Mesopotamian region, the
2254:", and the remains of the city walls (about 12 kilometres (7 mi) in circumference). The Neo-Assyrian levels of Kuyunjiq have been extensively explored. The other mound,
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left that land, and built Nineveh". Some modern English translations interpret "Ashur" in the Hebrew of this verse as the country "Assyria" rather than a person, thus making
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named Nineveh one of 12 sites most "on the verge" of irreparable destruction and loss, citing insufficient management, development pressures and looting as primary causes.
2063:. Some Christians observe this holiday fast by refraining from food and drink, with churches encouraging followers to refrain from dairy products, fish and other meats.
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cited it as the most dangerous dam in the world), the cancellation of a second dam project in the 1980s to act as flood relief in case of failure, and occupation by
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Maul, S. M.; Miglus, P. A.; Schmitt, A.; et al. (2023). "Excavations of the Royal Palaces on Tell Nebi Yunus and Tell Kuyunjik at Nineveh, Seasons 2021–2023".
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final battle of Nineveh were found in the passageway. Located in the eastern wall, it is the southernmost and largest of all the remaining gates of ancient Nineveh.
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Archaeologically, there is evidence of repairs at the temple of Nabu after 612 and for the continued use of Sennacherib's palace. There is evidence of syncretic
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and, consequently, suffered damage from a number of earthquakes. One such event destroyed the first temple of Ishtar, which was rebuilt in 2260 BC by the
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village. During the Late Chalcolithic period Nineveh was part one of the few Ubaid villages in Upper Mesopotamia which became a proto-city. Others include
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Polychrome painted jar, geometric designs and animals, the so-called "Scarlet Ware". From Tell Abu Qasim at Hamrin Basin, Iraq. 2800-2600 BCE. Iraq Museum
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and the West, it received wealth from many sources, so that it became one of the greatest of all the region's ancient cities, and the last capital of the
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This library or store of clay tablets was found in the royal palace complex in Nineveh; it contained thousands of tablets inscribed with cuneiform text.
4783:, publicly accessible, free depository of the data from the previously linked UC Berkeley Nineveh Archives project, fully linked and georeferenced in a
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1979:). As recorded in Hebrew scripture, Nineveh was also the place where Sennacherib died at the hands of his two sons, who then fled to the vassal land of
1749:, which Stephanie Dalley asserts was written in the 4th century BC, is an account of the city's repentance and God's mercy which prevented destruction.
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on Tell Nebi Yunus. Archaeological excavations are conducted since 2019. Subsequently, an extensive research project, currently under the direction of
1822:(591–628) built a fortress on the west bank, and two Christian monasteries were constructed around 570 and 595. This growing settlement was not called
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culture also belongs to this period; this colourful painted pottery is somewhat similar to Jemdet Nasr ware. Scarlet Ware was first documented in the
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in 2014 resulting in fleeing workers and stolen equipment. If the dam fails, the entire site could be under as much as 45 feet (14 m) of water.
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chronology has been developed by archaeologists. According to this regional chronology, 'Ninevite 5' is equivalent to the Early Jezirah I–II period.
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It was the largest city in the world for approximately fifty years until the year 612 BC when, after a bitter period of civil war in Assyria, it was
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to smelt copper. Tell Arpachiyah has the oldest copper smelting remains, and Tepe Gawa has the oldest metal work. The copper came from the mines at
721:, "fish"). This may have simply intended "Place of Fish" or may have indicated a goddess associated with fish or the Tigris, possibly originally of
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1610:, about 65 kilometres (40 mi) distant. The enclosed area had more than 100,000 inhabitants (maybe closer to 150,000), about twice as many as
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1719:(c. 400 BC), Nineveh was a thing of the past; and when Xenophon passed the place in the 4th century BC he described it as abandoned.
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From Nineveh to New York: The Strange Story of the Assyrian Reliefs in the Metropolitan Museum & the Hidden Masterpiece at Canford School
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considered to be part of the "armory" complex. Excavations in 1990 revealed a monumental entryway consisting of a number of large inscribed
2258:, has not been as extensively explored because there was an Arab Muslim shrine dedicated to that prophet on the site. On July 24, 2014, the
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sects of Qumran, Genesis 10:11 affirms the apportionment of Nineveh to Ashur. The attribution of Nineveh to Ashur is also supported by the
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demolished both the gate and the adjacent wall by flattening them with a bulldozer. It has been restored by the Iraqi-Italian expedition.
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occupation. During the restoration project, seven damaged alabaster carvings from the time of Sennacherib were found at the gate in 2022.
2109:, in which large numbers of reliefs were found and recorded, though they had been damaged by fire and were mostly too fragile to remove.
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1585:: "Its inhabitants, young and old, I did not spare, and with their corpses I filled the streets of the city." A full and characteristic
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had expanded into Nineveh. At this time, the main temple of Nineveh becomes known as Ishtar temple, re-dedicated to the Semite goddess
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for several decades. Today, it is a common name for the half of Mosul that lies on the eastern bank of the Tigris, and the country's
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and are believed to have plundered others to sell overseas. The items were mostly from the Assyrian exhibit, which Daesh declared
2372:, it may have been used for some ceremonial purpose, as it is the only known gate flanked by stone sculptures of winged bull-men (
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is a persistent threat to Nineveh as well as the city of Mosul. This is in no small part due to years of disrepair (in 2006, the
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also predicts its destruction along with the fall of the empire of which it was the capital. Nineveh is also the setting of the
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978:, depending on the version, built Nineveh. The context of Nineveh was as one of many centers within the regional development of
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The greater Nineveh area is notable in the diffusion of metal technology across the near east as the first location outside of
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Maul, S. M.; Miglus, P. A.; et al. (2020). "Die Erforschung des ekal māšarti auf Tell Nebi Yunus in Ninive 2018–2019".
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believe that the garden which Sennacherib built next to his palace, with its associated irrigation works, were the original
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R. Campbell Thompson and R. W. Hutchinson, "The site of the palace of Ashurnasirpal II at Nineveh excavated in 1929–30",
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because of its location as the highest navigable point on the Tigris. It was contemporary and had a similar function to
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Gurney, O.R. (1936). "Keilschrifttexte nach Kopien von T. G. Pinches. Aus dem Nachlass veröffentlicht und bearbeitet".
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R. Campbell Thompson and R. W. Hamilton, "The British Museum excavations on the temple of Ishtar at Nineveh 1930–31",
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and other artifacts have been excavated from the ruins of Nineveh, and are now located in museums around the world.
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universe, Ollanius Persson was supposedly born in Nineveh in 15,000 BCE, making him the oldest of the Perpetuals.
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4191:"Archaeologists restoring monument damaged by Islamic State discover ancient stone carvings unseen for millennia"
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1061:, and regionally Susa, Eridu, Nippur. During the period between 4500 and 4000 BC it grew to 40 hectares in size.
982:. This area is defined as the plains which can support rain-fed agriculture. It exists as a narrow band from the
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2476:. There were 300 items remaining in the museum out of a total of 1,900, with the other 1,600 being taken to the
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2145:. The study of the archaeology of Nineveh reveals the wealth and glory of ancient Assyria under kings such as
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genus of fish, further indicating the possibility of an association between the name Nineveh and fish. In the
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research partnership to develop the archive for open web use. Includes creative commons-licensed media items.
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Assyrian Discoveries: An Account of Explorations and Discoveries on the Site of Nineveh, During 1873 and 1874
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Halzi Gate: Near the south end of the eastern city wall. Exploratory excavations were undertaken here by the
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Nineveh was an important junction for commercial routes crossing the Tigris on the great roadway between the
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1431:(ruled 883–859 BC) onward, there was considerable architectural expansion. Successive monarchs such as
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Herbert F. Tucker, Epic. Britain's Heroic Muse 1790–1910, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008, p. 256-261.
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was on an archeological dig near Nineveh before returning to the United States and leading the exorcism of
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The regional influence of Nineveh became particularly pronounced during the archaeological period known as
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between rival claimants for the throne, and in 616 BC Assyria was attacked by its own former vassals, the
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The Minor Prophets, with a Commentary, Explanatory and Practical, and Introductions to the Several Books
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The greatness of Nineveh was short-lived. In around 627 BC, after the death of its last great king
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Thorkild Jacobsen and Seton Lloyd, Sennacherib's Aqueduct at Jerwan, Oriental Institute Publication 24
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The earliest piece of written evidence for the persistence of Nineveh as a settlement is possibly the
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in 2000 BC, with the transition into the Middle Bronze, Nineveh was absorbed into the rising power of
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1802:, Nineveh was restricted to the east bank of the Tigris and the west bank was uninhabited. Under the
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restored the temple of Ishtar at Nineveh and probably encouraged resettlement. A number of cuneiform
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of 539/538 BC, but the reading of this is disputed. If correctly read as Nineveh, it indicates that
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city of Nineveh became one of Mitanni's vassals for half a century until the early 14th century BC.
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2469:
2142:
2121:
2098:
2052:
1865:. The modern city of Mosul is occasionally referred to as Nineveh, such as during the operation to
1773:
1703:
1432:
1424:
1351:
1314:
1286:
908:
819:
573:
499:
491:
281:
2726:
Thomas A. Carlson et al., "Nineveh — ܢܝܢܘܐ " in The Syriac Gazetteer last modified June 30, 2014,
871:
with their mounds, are located on a level part of the plain at the junction of the Tigris and the
4535:
3895:
R. Campbell Thompson and M. E. L. Mallowan, "The British Museum excavations at Nineveh 1931–32",
3256:
3064:
3027:
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is based on the sacking and fall of Nineveh by the combined rebel armies led by the Babylonians.
2604:
2072:
2056:
1914:
1890:
1815:
1161:
983:
553:
533:
2238:
2180:, at the beginning of the 20th century. Their efforts concentrated on the site of the Temple of
3856:
R. Campbell Thompson and R. W. Hutchinson, "The excavations on the temple of Nabu at Nineveh",
2939:
4728:
4691:
4664:
4637:
4497:
4479:
4018:
4008:
3975:"Shelby White – Leon Levy Program for Archaeological Publications – Nineveh Publication Grant"
3815:
3639:
3629:
3407:
3298:
Menko Vlaardingerbroek (2004), "The Founding of Nineveh and Babylon in Greek Historiography",
3236:
3187:
3110:
3104:
2965:
2833:
2827:
2800:
2774:
2019:", ambiguously stating that either Resen or Calah is "the great city". The ruins of Kuyunjiq,
1641:
1622:
1522:
1403:
1113:
1093:
979:
904:
896:
726:
697:
622:
479:
420:
2959:
2794:
1787:. The Parthians also established a municipal mint at Nineveh coining in bronze. According to
4830:
4527:
3399:
3228:
3056:
2688:
2661:
2650:
2564:
2266:
religious sanctuaries it deemed "un-Islamic", but also to loot that site through tunneling.
2195:
2008:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1838:
1736:
1618:
1428:
998:
Caves in the Zagros Mountains adjacent to the north side of the Nineveh Plains were used as
987:
722:
660:
382:
55:
38:
4422:
4115:
4096:
966:
as the founder of Νίνου πόλις (Ninopolis), although there is no historical basis for this.
4895:
4809:
4767:
4212:
3173:"The Seventy Wonders of the Ancient World" edited by Chris Scarre 1999 (Thames and Hudson)
3034:
2745:
2640:, Jonah, much like his biblical counterpart, must travel to Nineveh due to God’s demands.
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2082:
2060:
1850:
1803:
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1697:
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1383:
1270:
1266:
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1026:
1015:
967:
933:
929:
880:
Jammasa), including Tell Nebi Yunus where the mosque of the Prophet Jonah and a palace of
852:
664:
609:
459:
447:
435:
4615:
839:
sector around of the mosque of Prophet Yunus/Jonah, which is located on Tell Nebi Yunus.
4815:
4523:
4510:
Campbell Thompson, R.; Hutchinson, R. W. (1929), "A century of exploration at Nineveh",
4266:"Cultural Assessment of Iraq: The State of Sites and Museums in Northern Iraq – Nineveh"
2799:. The Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 30.
37:"Ninevites" redirects here. For the South African criminal and resistance movement, see
4880:
4652:
2912:
2589:
2219:
2207:
2173:
2157:
2134:
1799:
1739:
tablets have been found at Nineveh. They probably date from the time of the revival of
1728:
1646:
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1526:
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1318:
892:
destroying swaths of the city walls) the area is called Jounub Ninawah or Shara Pepsi.
685:
549:
522:
4799:
4750:
2917:
A Dictionary of the Targumim, Talmud Babli, Talmud Yerushalmi and Midrashic Literature
532:
Its ruins lie across the river from the historical city center of Mosul. The two main
193:
4824:
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at the British Museum's website. Includes photographs of items from their collection.
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2016:
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4607:
Catalogue of the Cuneiform Tablets in the Kouyunjik Collection of the British Museum
4548:
Catalogue of the Cuneiform Tablets in the Kouyunjik Collection of the British Museum
2929:
Layard, 1849, p.xxi, "...called Kuyunjiq by the Turks, and Armousheeah by the Arabs"
1955:
Nineveh was the flourishing capital of the Assyrian Empire and was the home of King
1893:'s notion that Nimrod built Nineveh has been disputed by eighteenth century scholar
1386:
reclaimed it in 1365 BC while overthrowing the Mitanni Empire and creating the
4794:
3380:
2645:
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religion, the style of their architecture, and the magnificence of their monarchs.
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1918:
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4376:"Archaeologists uncover 2,700-year-old intricate rock carvings in ancient Nineveh"
2071:
The location of Nineveh was known, to some, continuously through the Middle Ages.
1101:
1014:
at Nineveh uncovered soil layers that have been dated to early in the era of the
4784:
2246:
Today, Nineveh's location is marked by two large mounds, Tell Kuyunjiq and Tell
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1956:
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1590:
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a few kilometers to the northeast. Nineveh was a typical farming village in the
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526:
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it was the seat of a Christian bishop. It declined relative to Mosul during the
510:
292:
78:
4574:
4494:
Sculptures from the north palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh (668-627 B.C.)
4400:
4235:"Iraqi Digital Investigation Team Confirms ISIS Destruction of Gate in Nineveh"
3447:
VanderKam, "Jubilees, Book of", in L. H. Schiffman and J. C. VanderKam (eds.),
3423:
1104:
from the Hurro-Urartian pantheon. This temple was called 'House of Exorcists' (
955:
Nineveh was one of the oldest and greatest cities in antiquity. Texts from the
3657:
3628:(10th anniversary ed.). Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan. p. 1361.
3356:
3060:
2614:
2576:
2146:
2137:, but others were dispersed elsewhere as two large pieces which were given to
2133:
with 22,000 cuneiform clay tablets. Most of Layard's material was sent to the
2126:
1910:
1819:
1807:
1792:
1444:
1258:
1022:
881:
4164:
4022:
2317:
Simplified plan of ancient Nineveh showing city wall and location of gateways
1806:, Nineveh was not an administrative centre. By the 2nd century AD there were
319:
306:
3792:
A. H. Layard, A second series of the monuments of Nineveh, John Murray, 1853
3643:
3233:
The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon: an elusive World Wonder traced
2998:
2708:
2489:
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By far, the greatest threat to Nineveh has been purposeful human actions by
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2102:
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1993:
1942:
1716:
1674:
1666:
1658:
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door figures weighing up to 30,000 kilograms (30 t); these were winged
1553:
top, made out of mud brick, were an additional 20 metres (66 ft) tall.
1549:
1495:
1436:
1105:
1007:
730:
701:
518:
2059:
churches commemorate the three days Jonah spent inside the fish during the
3202:
Time Life Lost Civilizations series: Mesopotamia: The Mighty Kings. (1995)
3126:
2353:
Five of the gateways have been explored to some extent by archaeologists:
710:
2588:, created a painting of the same name inspired by the poem. English poet
2473:
1960:
1922:
1765:
1708:
1630:
1598:
1285:
In the final phase of the Early Bronze, Mesopotamia was dominated by the
1177:
1100:, in the form of Ishtar of Nineveh. Ishtar of Nineveh was conflated with
1065:
2035:
Nineveh's repentance and salvation from evil can be found in the Hebrew
1849:
on the west bank and turned it into an administrative centre. Under the
1685:
It is not clear whether Nineveh came under the rule of the Medes or the
521:. The city was never again a political or administrative centre, but by
4539:
4289:"Mosul dam engineers warn it could fail at any time, killing 1m people"
3211:
3011:
2481:
2426:
2397:
2374:
2338:
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The mound of Kuyunjiq was excavated again by the archaeologists of the
1788:
1761:
1712:
1662:
1611:
1594:
1582:
1558:
1480:
1468:
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1371:
1367:
1322:
1302:
715:
684:
The original meaning of the name is unclear but may have referred to a
475:
2105:, which, on further exploration, turned out to be the royal palace of
1795:, a claimant to the Parthian throne with Roman support, took Nineveh.
1783:. There is evidence of more changes in Sennacherib's palace under the
1657:, the Neo-Assyrian Empire began to unravel through a series of bitter
1006:. Nineveh itself was founded as early as 6000 BC during the late
17:
4401:
Christians of Iraq: Ba-oota d' Ninevayee or the Fast of the Ninevites
3186:, pp. 56 (quoted), 65–71, 1998 (2nd edn.), The British Museum Press,
2698:
2493:
2369:
2347:
2218:
After Mosul’s liberation from the control of the Islamic State (IS),
2199:
2036:
2020:
2012:
1984:
1970:
1886:
1846:
1757:
1678:
1633:
together with a combination of literary and archaeological evidence.
1607:
1472:
1460:
1326:
1097:
1069:
1058:
1050:
971:
960:
807:
689:
678:
487:
4531:
4445: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1760:
has been found and a Greek inscription attached to a shrine of the
4788:
3055:(Papers of the 49th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale): 38.
2773:, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, p. 67,
2548:
2497:
2401:
2332:
2320:
2312:
2272:
2251:
2237:
2223:
2112:
2111:
2048:
1988:
1933:
1858:
1823:
1670:
1640:
1593:, and now in the British Museum. He later wrote about a battle in
1512:
1489:
1407:
1363:
1341:
1143:
1054:
963:
923:
858:
846:
811:
734:
585:
563:
541:
514:
483:
277:
4751:
John Malcolm Russell, "Stolen stones: the modern sack of Nineveh"
4334:"Iraq: Isis militants pledge to destroy remaining archaeological"
3353:"العبادي يطلق على عمليات تحرير نينوى تسمية "قادمون يا نينوى" أمن"
3155:
Ashrafian, H. (2011). "An extinct Mesopotamian lion subspecies".
2984:
Geoffrey Turner, "Tell Nebi Yūnus: The ekal māšarti of Nineveh",
2850:
Despite the modern scholarly consensus that the book is fictional
2598:
mentions Nineveh in its first line. Nineveh is also mentioned in
2329:
Gate, taken prior to the gate's destruction by ISIL in April 2016
1614:
at the time, placing it among the largest settlements worldwide.
1265:. The early city (and subsequent buildings) was constructed on a
3960:
Tariq Madhloom, "Excavations at Nineveh: The 1968–69 Campaign",
3947:
Tariq Madhloom, "Excavations at Nineveh: The 1967–68 Campaign",
3934:
Tariq Madhloom, "Excavations at Nineveh: A preliminary report",
2390:
2386:
2379:
2362:
2326:
2181:
1906:
1740:
1567:
1484:
1081:
999:
552:, Jonah was a prophet who preached to Nineveh. Large numbers of
203:
3690:
2727:
1494:
Refined low-relief section of a bull-hunt frieze from Nineveh,
3099:
3097:
2187:
The excavations started again in 1927, under the direction of
1645:
The walls of Nineveh at the time of Ashurbanipal. 645-640 BC.
1556:
Some of the principal doorways were flanked by colossal stone
1329:, whose cult was responsible for the city's early importance.
1247:
Pottery jar, Tepeyatagi, Khudat district, Kura-Araxtes culture
743:
72:
4209:"ISIS 'bulldozed' ancient Assyrian city of Nimrud, Iraq says"
1743:
in the century following the collapse of Assyria. The Hebrew
888:
below it are located. South of the street Al-'Asady (made by
834:
by the Arabs, it is thought to have some connection with the
603:
4140:"Exclusive Photos Show Destruction of Nineveh Gates by ISIS"
3142:: "Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh".
1298:
932:
ruler, discovered in Nineveh in 1931, presumably depicting
509:
by a coalition of its former subject peoples including the
486:
in northern Iraq. It is located on the eastern bank of the
403:
1451:
maintained and founded new palaces, as well as temples to
867:
The remains of ancient Nineveh, the areas of Kuyunjiq and
3320:
Peter Webb, "Nineveh and Mosul", in O. Nicholason (ed.),
2425:
By 2003, the site of Nineveh was exposed to decay of its
1587:
set shows the campaign leading up to the siege of Lachish
1346:
Artist's impression of a hall in an Assyrian palace from
851:
View of the village of "Nunia" or "Ninive", published by
536:, or mound-ruins, within the walls are Tell Kuyunjiq and
397:
391:
4747:
of Nineveh taken in May 2003 showing damage from looters
3781:
The Monuments of Nineveh; From Drawings Made on the Spot
4357:"ISIL video shows destruction of 7th century artifacts"
3138:
Genesis 10:11 attributes the founding of Nineveh to an
2289:
and "bull-man" sculptures, some apparently unfinished.
1574:. There are also 3,000 metres (9,843 ft) of stone
4711:- Early worship of Ishtar, Early / Prehistoric Nineveh
4661:
Imagining Babylon: The Modern Story of an Ancient City
2206:
The British archaeologist and Assyriologist Professor
1830:. It may have been called Hesnā ʿEbrāyē (Jews' Fort).
1525:, from the Northern Palace in Nineveh, as seen at the
1172:
basin in Iraq. Later, it was also found in the nearby
182:
4836:
Populated places established in the 6th millennium BC
4812:: Babylonian Chronicle Concerning the Fall of Nineveh
3624:
Barker, Kenneth L.; Burdick, Donald W., eds. (1995).
3409:
The sacred and profane history of the world connected
2679:
Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State
1959:, King of Assyria, during the Biblical reign of King
1768:
dated to the 2nd century AD has also been found. The
1406:(1114–1076 BC), both of whom were active builders in
412:
394:
388:
2280:
excavated at Tell Nebi Yunus by Iraqi archaeologists
1772:
may still have been in use until around the time of
1156:. Ninevite 5 pottery is roughly contemporary to the
1021:. The development and culture of Nineveh paralleled
400:
4841:
Populated places disestablished in the 13th century
4146:, The National Geographical Society, archived from
3012:
The Bronze Head of the Akkadian Period from Nineveh
385:
364:
356:
351:
343:
335:
298:
288:
273:
103:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4663:], translated by Campbell, Alisa, De Gruyter,
4332:
3451:, Oxford University Press (2000), Vol. I, p. 435.
688:. The city was said to be devoted to "the goddess
490:River and was the capital and largest city of the
4774:University of California Digital Nineveh Archives
3658:"Jonah 4 / Hebrew - English Bible / Mechon-Mamre"
3326:(Oxford University Press, 2018), vol. 2, p. 1078.
3282:Stephanie Dalley (1993), "Nineveh after 612 BC",
1366:in the 14th century BC, by orders of the king of
1321:(1809-1775) in about 1800 BC as a centre of
529:and was mostly abandoned by the 13th century AD.
3897:Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology
3884:Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology
3871:Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology
3150:
3148:
2919:. New York: The Judaica Press, Inc. p. 888.
1881:, Nineveh is first mentioned in Genesis 10:11: "
4476:Sennacherib's "Palace without Rival" at Nineveh
4464:(New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
4072:"Officials: ISIS blows up Jonah's tomb in Iraq"
3768:Discoveries in the Ruins of Nineveh and Babylon
2964:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 95.
2832:. Baker Publishing Group. p. unpaginated.
2796:Obadiah, Jonah, Micah: A Theological Commentary
3335:J. E. Reade (1998), "Greco-Parthian Nineveh",
1992:place". It became a "desolation". The prophet
1257:At this time, Nineveh was still an autonomous
641:
626:
3028:Kuyunjiq / Tell Nebi Yunis (ancient: Nineveh)
2097:In 1842, the French Consul General at Mosul,
1939:The Prophet Jonah before the Walls of Nineveh
1889:, rather than Ashur, the founder of Nineveh.
1589:in 701; it is the "finest" from the reign of
672:
568:Artist's impression of Assyrian palaces from
8:
4133:
4131:
4129:
1974:
1964:
1861:, which continued to attract pilgrims until
771:. There might be a discussion about this on
616:
175:
4816:Layard's Nineveh and its Remains- full text
3834:, S. Low-Marston-Searle and Rivington, 1876
2085:recorded its location during the 1761–1767
1541:who made Nineveh a truly influential city (
589:
4677:Scott, M. Louise; MacGinnis, John (1990),
3843:Hormuzd Rassam and Robert William Rogers,
2944:E. J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam
2504:Rogation of the Ninevites (Nineveh's Wish)
2382:forces and the gate was utterly destroyed.
2198:, several excavations were carried out by
2156:The work of exploration was carried on by
2129:. He also unearthed the palace and famous
1779:The city was actively resettled under the
198:The reconstructed Mashki Gate of Nineveh (
192:
174:
2875:" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2013.
1358:The goddess's statue was sent to Pharaoh
1313:The historic Nineveh is mentioned in the
791:Learn how and when to remove this message
700:and Assyrian names for that goddess. The
163:Learn how and when to remove this message
4701:- Nineveh 5, Vessel Pottery 2900 BC
4599:, Printed by order of the Trustees, 1899
4569:, Printed by order of the Trustees, 1891
4211:. Rappler. March 5, 2015. Archived from
3706:. Syrian Orthodox Church. Archived from
3047:Lambert, W. (2004). "Ištar of Nineveh".
2575:
1692:Chronicle Concerning the Fall of Nineveh
1211:Painted bowl – Uruk-Nineveh 5 transition
1041:In 5000 BC, Nineveh transitioned from a
4159:
4157:
3376:"How ISIS Is Spinning the Mosul Battle"
3323:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
3304:Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale
2719:
2484:for security reasons prior to the 2014
1905:has since shown that, according to the
1186:
1092:on the Euphrates. By 3000 BC, the
822:, a Turkish name (Layard used the form
470:), also known in early modern times as
66:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
4116:"Five Historical Sites in Mesopotamia"
3316:
3314:
3312:
3127:Polish-Syrian Expedition to Tell Arbid
2889:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2141:and eventually found their way to the
1532:
3388:from the original on 20 October 2016.
3363:from the original on 19 October 2016.
3302:vol. 66, Nineveh. Papers of the 49th
3278:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
2860:
2858:
2744:. geography.about.com. Archived from
1969:) and the lifetime of Judean prophet
1833:In 627, the city was the site of the
7:
4757:; looting of sculptures in the 1990s
3449:Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls
3018:Vol. 3, No. 1 (1936), 104–110.
2396:Shamash Gate: Named for the sun god
1533:Sennacherib's development of Nineveh
1152:Ninevite 5 was preceded by the Late
482:, located in the modern-day city of
463:
183:
101:adding citations to reliable sources
4496:, British Museum Publications Ltd,
3374:Winter, Charlie (20 October 2016).
3257:"Wall panel; relief British Museum"
2120:In 1847 the young British diplomat
2043:, and referred to in the Christian
1975:
1965:
1180:. It is also contemporary with the
673:
617:
451:
439:
4636:, Trustees of the British Museum,
4374:Milligan, Mark (3 November 2022).
4189:Hadani Ditmars (25 October 2022).
4058:Zeitschrift für Orient-Archäologie
4001:Zeitschrift für Orient-Archäologie
2592:'s well-known, fanciful 1903 poem
2409:University of California, Berkeley
2262:destroyed the shrine as part of a
2212:University of California, Berkeley
1841:and the Sasanians. In 641, it was
25:
4060:. 16 (in print) (published 2024).
2988:, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 68–85, 1970
2447:In an October 2010 report titled
1080:Nineveh became a trade colony of
347:7.5 km (2.9 sq mi)
68: instead of cuneiform script.
4440:
4423:"Recessional by Rudyard Kipling"
4345:from the original on 2022-06-21.
4138:Romey, Kristin (19 April 2016),
2826:Chisholm, Robert B. Jr. (2009).
2742:"Largest Cities Through History"
2684:Historical urban community sizes
2580:John Martin, The Fall of Nineveh
1427:, particularly from the time of
1240:
1228:
1216:
1204:
1192:
748:
714:) is a fish within a house (cf.
381:
252:
245:
224:
217:
77:
46:
4871:Former populated places in Iraq
4688:Agatha Christie and Archaeology
4492:Barnett, Richard David (1976),
4478:, University Of Chicago Press,
4403:, re-accessed 11 September 2016
4287:Borger, Julian (2 March 2016).
3814:, Yale University Press, 1997,
3738:Pusey, Edward Bouverie (1888),
3412:, vol. 1, pp. 106–107
2674:Cities of the ancient Near East
2368:Nergal Gate: Named for the god
1897:. The discovery of the fifteen
1863:its destruction by ISIL in 2014
1261:. It was incorporated into the
1235:Proto-Elamite ware 3100 BC
709:
633:
369:Battle of Nineveh (612 BC)
253:
225:
88:needs additional citations for
4866:History of Nineveh Governorate
4781:CyArk Digital Nineveh Archives
4745:Joanne Farchakh-Bajjaly photos
4681:, vol. 52, pp. 63–73
4474:Russell, John Malcolm (1992),
4272:News. May 2003. Archived from
3109:. John Wiley & Sons, 2002
830:"sheep" in Turkish); known as
1:
4721:– Early / Prehistoric Nineveh
4237:. Bellingcat. August 29, 2016
3845:Asshur and the Land of Nimrod
2961:The Ancient Mesopotamian City
2958:Mieroop, Marc van de (1997).
2793:Jenson, Philip Peter (2009).
2450:Saving Our Vanishing Heritage
2385:Adad Gate: Named for the god
2242:Humvee down after ISIS attack
1946:
1542:
1499:
941:
725:origin. The word נון/נונא in
647:. The city was also known as
4856:Archaeological sites in Iraq
4795:Photos of Nineveh, 1989–1990
4690:, The British Museum Press,
4114:Fatima, Eman (5 July 2024).
3912:, vol. 10, pp. 110–111, 1954
3860:, vol. 79, pp. 103–148, 1929
3847:, Curts & Jennings, 1897
3284:Altorientalische Forschungen
2728:http://syriaca.org/place/144
2584:Atherstone's friend, artist
2438:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
1810:present and by 554 it was a
1158:Early Transcaucasian culture
4007:(published 2021): 128–213.
3899:, vol. 20, pp. 71–186, 1933
3886:, vol. 19, pp. 55–116, 1932
3873:, vol. 18, pp. 79–112, 1931
3704:"Three Day Fast of Nineveh"
3235:. Oxford University Press.
3216:University of Chicago Press
3106:A Dictionary of Archaeology
2543:(ܒܥܘܬܐ ܕܢܝܢܘܐ) which means
2529:Assyrian Church of the East
2325:Photograph of the restored
1987:). The book of the prophet
1704:Retreat of the Ten Thousand
1188:Styles related to Nineveh 5
1002:settlements, most famously
4922:
4851:Destroyed populated places
4686:Trümpler, C., ed. (2001),
3964:, vol. 25, pp. 43–49, 1969
3938:, vol. 23, pp. 76–79, 1967
3084:Rchiv Fiir Orientforschung
2637:Jonah: A VeggieTales Movie
2513:Ancient Church of the East
2400:, it opens to the road to
1627:Hanging Gardens of Babylon
863:Village in Nineveh in 2019
737:, Jonah is referred to as
604:
424:
36:
29:
4707:The A to Z of Mesopotamia
4705:Leick, Gwendolyn (2010),
4461:Easton's Bible Dictionary
3951:, vol 24, pp. 45–51, 1968
3801:Liverani 2016, pp. 32–33.
3061:10.1017/S0021088900001595
2865:Oxford English Dictionary
2767:Kripke, Saul A. (1980) ,
2704:Short chronology timeline
2555:also maintain this fast.
1931:(Antiquities, i, vi, 4).
1921:, and by Roman historian
608:) under influence of the
496:largest city in the world
211:
191:
180:
4512:The Geographical Journal
4315:"Globalheritagefund.org"
4097:"Explore the IS Tunnels"
4037:Nineveh 2018–2019].
3306:, Part One, pp. 233–241.
2829:Handbook on the Prophets
2694:List of megalithic sites
2517:Chaldean Catholic Church
2116:Bronze lion from Nineveh
1901:texts found amongst the
1348:The Monuments of Nineveh
1199:Painted jar – Ninevite 5
959:period later offered an
949:Rijksmuseum van Oudheden
570:The Monuments of Nineveh
502:takes its name from it.
32:Nineveh (disambiguation)
4846:Ancient Assyrian cities
4632:Lambert, W. G. (1992),
4624:Lambert, W. G. (1968),
3755:Nineveh and Its Remains
2533:Saint Thomas Christians
2478:National Museum of Iraq
2131:library of Ashurbanipal
2077:Petachiah of Regensburg
1928:Antiquities of the Jews
1770:library of Ashurbanipal
1689:in 612. The Babylonian
1677:. In about 616 BC
1576:Assyrian palace reliefs
642:
627:
4777:history of excavations
4719:, Simon & Schuster
4679:Notes on Nineveh, Iraq
4452:Easton, Matthew George
3925:, vol. 11, pp. 4, 1955
3921:Mohammed Ali Mustafa,
3908:Mohammed Ali Mustafa,
3810:John Malcolm Russell,
3428:www.pseudepigrapha.com
2581:
2563:English Romantic poet
2539:observe a fast called
2525:Syriac Orthodox Church
2521:Syriac Catholic Church
2342:
2337:Eastern city wall and
2330:
2318:
2281:
2243:
2234:Archaeological remains
2149:(681–669 BC) and
2125:71 rooms and colossal
2117:
1952:
1843:conquered by the Arabs
1650:
1617:Some scholars such as
1529:
1510:
1396:Middle Assyrian Empire
1388:Middle Assyrian Empire
1378:Middle Assyrian period
1355:
1149:
1019:archaeological culture
952:
864:
856:
590:
580:The English placename
577:
540:, site of a shrine to
54:This article contains
4717:Our oriental heritage
4715:Durant, Will (1954),
4361:america.aljazeera.com
4341:. February 27, 2015.
4276:on February 15, 2004.
3490:1611 King James Bible
3404:James Talboys Wheeler
2899:Encyclopaedia Judaica
2867:, 3rd ed. "Ninevite,
2579:
2567:wrote an epic titled
2503:
2336:
2324:
2316:
2276:
2241:
2115:
1937:
1766:Herakles Epitrapezios
1687:Neo-Babylonian Empire
1644:
1516:
1493:
1345:
1147:
927:
862:
850:
769:clarify the paragraph
741:"owner of the fish".
567:
320:36.35944°N 43.15278°E
264:Show map of Near East
27:Ancient Assyrian city
4614:King, W. L. (1914),
3662:www.mechon-mamre.org
3010:M. E. L. Mallowan, "
2770:Naming and Necessity
2610:Arthur O'Shaughnessy
2455:Global Heritage Fund
2178:Leonard William King
2139:Lady Charlotte Guest
2075:visited it in 1170;
2039:, also known as the
1839:Eastern Roman Empire
1317:during the reign of
761:confusing or unclear
663:; Ninwe (ܢܸܢܘܵܐ) in
97:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
4886:Tells (archaeology)
4876:Ancient Mesopotamia
4861:Hebrew Bible cities
4524:1929GeogJ..74..406P
4425:. 14 December 2022.
4321:on August 20, 2012.
4270:National Geographic
4144:National Geographic
4103:. 22 November 2018.
3783:, John Murray, 1849
3770:, John Murray, 1853
3757:, John Murray, 1849
3626:The NIV Study Bible
3359:. 17 October 2016.
3157:Veterinary Heritage
2901:. Gale Group. 2008.
2740:Rosenberg, Matt T.
2628:War Gods of Babylon
2570:The Fall of Nineveh
2537:Syro-Malabar Church
2421:Threats to the site
2309:City wall and gates
2294:liberation of Mosul
2264:campaign to destroy
2153:(669–626 BC).
2143:Metropolitan Museum
2122:Austen Henry Layard
1774:Alexander the Great
1756:cults. A statue of
1433:Tiglath-pileser III
1425:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1402:(1274–1245 BC) and
1352:Austen Henry Layard
1315:Old Assyrian Empire
1309:Old Assyrian period
909:Neo-Assyrian Empire
903:, thus uniting the
574:Austen Henry Layard
554:Assyrian sculptures
544:. According to the
500:Nineveh Governorate
492:Neo-Assyrian Empire
316: /
282:Nineveh Governorate
261:Nineveh (Near East)
177:
4808:2016-11-10 at the
4766:2015-09-26 at the
4165:"Gates of Nineveh"
3744:, Volume II, p.123
3710:on 25 October 2012
3261:The British Museum
3184:Assyrian Sculpture
3033:2020-11-05 at the
2582:
2559:In popular culture
2553:Ethiopian Orthodox
2343:
2331:
2319:
2282:
2244:
2118:
2093:Excavation history
2073:Benjamin of Tudela
1953:
1891:Sir Walter Raleigh
1816:Church of the East
1651:
1637:After Ashurbanipal
1564:Mesopotamian lions
1530:
1511:
1382:The Assyrian king
1356:
1297:After the fall of
1162:Jemdet Nasr period
1150:
1053:, Brak, Hamoukar,
953:
928:Bronze head of an
865:
857:
818:was, according to
702:Assyrian cuneiform
578:
325:36.35944; 43.15278
4709:, Scarecrow Press
4670:978-1-61451-602-6
4657:Immaginare Babele
4518:(4), Luzac: 406,
4195:The Art Newspaper
4150:on April 19, 2016
4014:978-3-7861-2860-1
3580:Zephaniah 2:13–15
3400:Shuckford, Samuel
3242:978-0-19-966226-5
3229:Dalley, Stephanie
2839:978-1-58558-365-2
2806:978-0-567-44289-5
2748:on 18 August 2016
2643:In the 1973 film
2621:The 1962 Italian
2189:Campbell Thompson
2087:Danish expedition
2057:Oriental Orthodox
1835:Battle of Nineveh
1523:Mesopotamian lion
1404:Tiglath-Pileser I
1125:Ninevite 5 period
1094:Kish civilization
980:Upper Mesopotamia
897:Mediterranean Sea
801:
800:
793:
494:, as well as the
480:Upper Mesopotamia
474:, was an ancient
431:
374:
373:
233:Shown within Iraq
173:
172:
165:
147:
62:rendering support
16:(Redirected from
4913:
4901:Book of Jubilees
4720:
4710:
4700:
4682:
4673:
4646:
4628:
4620:
4610:
4609:, British Museum
4600:
4590:
4580:
4570:
4560:
4550:
4542:
4506:
4488:
4465:
4444:
4443:
4427:
4426:
4419:
4413:
4410:
4404:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4336:
4329:
4323:
4322:
4317:. Archived from
4311:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4295:. guardian.co.uk
4284:
4278:
4277:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4215:on July 24, 2020
4205:
4199:
4198:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4161:
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4135:
4124:
4123:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4033:
4027:
4026:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3977:. Archived from
3971:
3965:
3958:
3952:
3945:
3939:
3932:
3926:
3919:
3913:
3906:
3900:
3893:
3887:
3880:
3874:
3867:
3861:
3854:
3848:
3841:
3835:
3828:
3822:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3784:
3777:
3771:
3764:
3758:
3751:
3745:
3736:
3730:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3700:
3694:
3687:
3681:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3654:
3648:
3647:
3621:
3615:
3613:Genesis 10:11–12
3610:
3604:
3599:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3577:
3571:
3566:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3522:
3516:
3511:
3505:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3462:Greek Septuagint
3458:
3452:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3420:
3414:
3413:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3349:
3343:
3333:
3327:
3318:
3307:
3296:
3290:
3280:
3265:
3264:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3225:
3219:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3194:
3180:
3174:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3143:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3044:
3038:
3025:
3019:
3008:
3002:
2995:
2989:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2936:
2930:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2891:
2876:
2862:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2846:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2737:
2731:
2724:
2689:Isaac of Nineveh
2662:Warhammer 40,000
2651:Lankester Merrin
2565:Edwin Atherstone
2545:Nineveh's Prayer
2196:Second World War
2099:Paul-Émile Botta
1978:
1977:
1968:
1967:
1951:
1948:
1923:Flavius Josephus
1915:King James Bible
1911:Greek Septuagint
1903:Dead Sea Scrolls
1895:Samuel Shuckford
1873:Biblical Nineveh
1826:until after the
1619:Stephanie Dalley
1547:
1544:
1504:
1501:
1429:Ashurnasirpal II
1390:(1365–1050 BC).
1244:
1232:
1223:Jemdet Nasr ware
1220:
1208:
1196:
1184:period in Susa.
1076:Early Bronze Age
988:Zagros mountains
970:10:11 says that
946:
943:
826:, diminutive of
796:
789:
785:
782:
776:
752:
751:
744:
713:
692:of Nineveh" and
676:
675:
645:
635:
630:
620:
619:
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465:
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429:
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256:
255:
249:
237:
236:Show map of Iraq
228:
227:
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196:
186:
185:
178:
168:
161:
157:
154:
148:
146:
105:
81:
73:
56:cuneiform script
50:
49:
39:Umkosi Wezintaba
21:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4910:
4891:Hassuna culture
4821:
4820:
4810:Wayback Machine
4768:Wayback Machine
4741:
4724:
4714:
4704:
4698:
4685:
4676:
4671:
4653:Liverani, Mario
4651:
4644:
4631:
4623:
4613:
4605:
4593:
4583:
4573:
4563:
4553:
4545:
4532:10.2307/1784268
4509:
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4407:
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4355:
4354:
4350:
4339:The Independent
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3585:
3578:
3574:
3567:
3563:
3556:
3552:
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3541:
3534:
3530:
3525:Isaiah 37:37–38
3523:
3519:
3512:
3508:
3501:
3497:
3488:
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3483:
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3255:
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3226:
3222:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3182:Reade, Julian,
3181:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3154:
3153:
3146:
3137:
3133:
3125:
3121:
3102:
3095:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3035:Wayback Machine
3026:
3022:
3009:
3005:
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2992:
2983:
2979:
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2956:
2952:
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2913:Jastrow, Marcus
2911:
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2725:
2721:
2717:
2670:
2600:Rudyard Kipling
2561:
2506:
2423:
2311:
2236:
2220:Peter A. Miglus
2095:
2083:Carsten Niebuhr
2069:
2061:Fast of Nineveh
2051:. To this day,
1949:
1875:
1857:to the prophet
1855:a Muslim shrine
1851:Umayyad dynasty
1804:Sasanian Empire
1785:Parthian Empire
1781:Seleucid Empire
1733:Cyrus the Great
1725:
1698:Book of Ezekiel
1639:
1545:
1535:
1507:Pergamon Museum
1502:
1421:
1416:
1384:Ashur-uballit I
1380:
1340:
1335:
1311:
1295:
1283:
1263:Akkadian Empire
1255:
1253:Akkadian period
1248:
1245:
1236:
1233:
1224:
1221:
1212:
1209:
1200:
1197:
1127:
1119:
1111:
1078:
1039:
1027:Tell Arpachiyah
996:
968:Book of Genesis
947:, Iraq Museum.
944:
934:Sargon of Akkad
922:
917:
853:Carsten Niebuhr
845:
797:
786:
780:
777:
766:
757:This paragraph
753:
749:
696:was one of the
610:Biblical Hebrew
584:comes from the
562:
538:Tell Nabī Yūnus
436:Biblical Hebrew
413:
384:
380:
324:
322:
318:
315:
310:
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207:
200:since destroyed
187:
169:
158:
152:
149:
106:
104:
94:
82:
71:
70:
69:
60:Without proper
51:
47:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4919:
4917:
4909:
4908:
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4898:
4893:
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4878:
4873:
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4858:
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4848:
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4838:
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4822:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4797:
4792:
4778:
4771:
4758:
4748:
4740:
4739:External links
4737:
4736:
4735:
4723:
4722:
4712:
4702:
4697:978-0714111483
4696:
4683:
4674:
4669:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4634:Supplement III
4629:
4621:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4591:
4581:
4571:
4561:
4546:Bezold, Carl,
4543:
4507:
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4489:
4484:
4470:
4469:
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4405:
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4380:Heritage Daily
4366:
4348:
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4200:
4181:
4169:Madain Project
4153:
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3862:
3849:
3836:
3830:George Smith,
3823:
3803:
3794:
3785:
3779:A. H. Layard,
3772:
3766:A. H. Layard,
3759:
3753:A. H. Layard,
3746:
3731:
3721:
3695:
3682:
3667:
3649:
3634:
3616:
3605:
3594:
3583:
3572:
3569:Isaiah 10:5–19
3561:
3550:
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2946:, p. 1083
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2590:John Masefield
2560:
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2541:Ba'uta d-Ninwe
2505:
2502:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2405:
2394:
2383:
2366:
2310:
2307:
2292:Following the
2235:
2232:
2228:Stefan M. Maul
2208:David Stronach
2174:British Museum
2158:Hormuzd Rassam
2135:British Museum
2094:
2091:
2068:
2065:
1874:
1871:
1845:, who built a
1828:Arab conquests
1800:Late Antiquity
1764:. A statue of
1729:Cyrus Cylinder
1724:
1721:
1701:and the Greek
1647:British Museum
1638:
1635:
1606:discovered at
1534:
1531:
1527:British Museum
1420:
1417:
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1379:
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1338:Mitanni period
1336:
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1117:
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1086:Uruk Expansion
1077:
1074:
1045:village to an
1038:
1035:
995:
992:
945: 2270 BC
921:
918:
916:
913:
844:
841:
799:
798:
756:
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747:
729:refers to the
727:Old Babylonian
686:patron goddess
561:
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523:Late Antiquity
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4626:Supplement II
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2655:Regan MacNeil
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2632:
2630:
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2612:'s 1873 poem
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2602:'s 1897 poem
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2260:Islamic State
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2045:New Testament
2042:
2041:Old Testament
2038:
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2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2005:Book of Jonah
2001:
1999:
1998:Book of Tobit
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1990:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1962:
1958:
1944:
1941:, drawing by
1940:
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1746:Book of Jonah
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1723:Later history
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1546: 700 BC
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1503: 695 BC
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1419:Neo-Assyrians
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1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1400:Shalmaneser I
1397:
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1360:Amenhotep III
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1281:Ur III period
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1226:
1219:
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1182:Proto-Elamite
1179:
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1139:Early Jezirah
1136:
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1090:Habuba Kabira
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1012:Deep sounding
1009:
1005:
1004:Shanidar Cave
1001:
993:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
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939:
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920:Early history
919:
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837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
810:for "Prophet
809:
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792:
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773:the talk page
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108:Find sources:
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86:This article
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40:
33:
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4761:Nineveh page
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4625:
4617:Supplement I
4616:
4606:
4595:
4585:
4575:
4565:
4555:
4547:
4515:
4511:
4493:
4475:
4459:
4417:
4408:
4395:
4383:. Retrieved
4379:
4369:
4360:
4351:
4338:
4327:
4319:the original
4309:
4297:. Retrieved
4293:The Guardian
4292:
4282:
4274:the original
4260:
4251:
4239:. Retrieved
4229:
4217:. Retrieved
4213:the original
4203:
4194:
4184:
4172:. Retrieved
4168:
4148:the original
4143:
4119:
4109:
4100:
4091:
4080:. Retrieved
4078:. 2014-07-24
4075:
4066:
4057:
4051:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4004:
4000:
3994:
3983:. Retrieved
3979:the original
3969:
3961:
3956:
3948:
3943:
3935:
3930:
3922:
3917:
3909:
3904:
3896:
3891:
3883:
3878:
3870:
3865:
3858:Archaeologia
3857:
3852:
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3826:
3811:
3806:
3797:
3788:
3780:
3775:
3767:
3762:
3754:
3749:
3740:
3734:
3724:
3712:. Retrieved
3708:the original
3698:
3685:
3670:
3661:
3652:
3625:
3619:
3608:
3597:
3586:
3575:
3564:
3558:Nahum 2:6–11
3553:
3542:
3531:
3520:
3509:
3498:
3489:
3484:
3476:Geneva Bible
3475:
3470:
3461:
3456:
3448:
3443:
3431:. Retrieved
3427:
3424:"Jubilees 9"
3418:
3408:
3394:
3381:The Atlantic
3379:
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3331:
3321:
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3015:
3006:
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2985:
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2953:
2943:
2934:
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2916:
2907:
2898:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2849:
2843:. Retrieved
2828:
2821:
2810:. Retrieved
2795:
2788:
2769:
2762:
2750:. Retrieved
2746:the original
2735:
2722:
2659:
2646:The Exorcist
2644:
2642:
2635:
2633:
2626:
2620:
2613:
2603:
2593:
2583:
2568:
2562:
2544:
2540:
2507:
2466:Mosul Museum
2459:
2448:
2446:
2431:
2424:
2416:expedition).
2373:
2358:
2357:Mashki Gate
2352:
2344:
2304:
2297:
2291:
2283:
2268:
2255:
2247:
2245:
2217:
2205:
2193:
2186:
2171:
2166:George Smith
2155:
2151:Ashurbanipal
2119:
2096:
2081:
2079:soon after.
2070:
2034:
2002:
1980:
1966:חִזְקִיָּהוּ
1954:
1938:
1926:
1919:Geneva Bible
1879:Hebrew Bible
1876:
1869:in 2016-17.
1867:retake Mosul
1837:between the
1832:
1797:
1778:
1751:
1744:
1726:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1655:Ashurbanipal
1652:
1616:
1604:
1580:
1557:
1555:
1536:
1519:Ashurbanipal
1449:Ashurbanipal
1422:
1392:
1381:
1357:
1347:
1312:
1296:
1284:
1256:
1174:Hamrin Basin
1170:Diyala River
1166:Scarlet Ware
1165:
1164:ware. Iraqi
1151:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1079:
1063:
1040:
1037:Chalcolithic
1031:Halaf Period
997:
984:Syrian coast
954:
901:Indian Ocean
894:
886:Ashurbanipal
878:
873:Khosr Rivers
866:
836:Qara Qoyunlu
831:
827:
823:
815:
803:
802:
787:
778:
767:Please help
758:
738:
718:
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656:
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612:
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588:
581:
579:
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546:Hebrew Bible
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376:
375:
159:
150:
140:
133:
126:
119:
107:
95:Please help
90:verification
87:
53:
4906:City-states
4785:UC Berkeley
4755:Archaeology
3433:17 November
3163:(2): 47–49.
2940:"Koyundjik"
2605:Recessional
2586:John Martin
2470:blasphemous
2432:The ailing
2278:Winged Bull
2127:bas-reliefs
2067:Archaeology
2047:and Muslim
1957:Sennacherib
1950: 1655
1791:, in AD 50
1754:Hellenistic
1667:Babylonians
1591:Sennacherib
1539:Sennacherib
1441:Sennacherib
1423:During the
1333:Late Bronze
1275:Manishtushu
1154:Uruk period
1108:: 𒂷𒈦𒈦 GA
1084:during the
957:Hellenistic
938:Manishtushu
832:Armousheeah
597:Koine Greek
527:Middle Ages
511:Babylonians
360:612 BC
323: /
299:Coordinates
293:Mesopotamia
4825:Categories
4576:Volume III
4433:References
4399:Warda, W,
4385:18 January
4241:August 30,
4120:eftory.com
4082:2014-07-24
3985:2011-05-16
3714:1 February
3691:37:139–148
3679:Luke 11:32
3602:Jonah 4:11
3547:Nahum 3:19
3536:Nahum 1:14
3357:Al Sumaria
3115:0631235833
3103:Ian Shaw,
3090:: 358–359.
2845:2023-02-10
2812:2023-02-10
2474:idolatrous
2359:Masqi Gate
2287:orthostats
2256:Nabī Yūnus
2248:Nabī Yūnus
2194:After the
2147:Esarhaddon
1820:Khosrow II
1808:Christians
1793:Meherdates
1659:civil wars
1649:BM 124938.
1521:hunting a
1517:Relief of
1445:Esarhaddon
1267:fault line
1259:city-state
1135:Ninevite V
1131:Ninevite 5
1112:.MAŠ.MAŠ;
1023:Tepe Gawra
882:Esarhaddon
869:Nabī Yūnus
804:Nabī Yūnus
763:to readers
452:نَيْنَوَىٰ
339:Settlement
311:43°09′10″E
308:36°21′34″N
153:April 2021
123:newspapers
4655:(2016) ,
4586:Volume IV
4566:Volume II
4454:(1897). "
4023:1868-9078
3591:Jonah 3:3
3069:163889444
2999:Zephaniah
2895:"Nineveh"
2709:Tel Keppe
2649:, Father
2509:Assyrians
2490:Khorsabad
2434:Mosul Dam
2250:"Prophet
2176:, led by
2107:Sargon II
2103:Khorsabad
2029:Khorsabad
2025:Karamlesh
1994:Zephaniah
1943:Rembrandt
1812:bishopric
1717:Herodotus
1675:Scythians
1550:cuneiform
1509:, Berlin)
1496:alabaster
1437:Sargon II
1410:(Ashur).
1176:, and in
1106:Cuneiform
1008:Neolithic
994:Neolithic
961:eponymous
843:Geography
824:kouyunjik
781:July 2024
739:Dhu'n-Nun
731:Anthiinae
519:Scythians
472:Kouyunjik
357:Abandoned
112:"Nineveh"
4806:Archived
4764:Archived
4596:Volume V
4556:Volume I
4343:Archived
4299:22 March
4101:BBC News
4045:: 11–80.
3644:33344874
3406:(1858),
3386:Archived
3361:Archived
3342:: 65–83.
3231:(2013).
3031:Archived
2915:(1996).
2668:See also
2162:Assyrian
2009:Rehoboth
1961:Hezekiah
1899:Jubilees
1709:Xenophon
1663:Chaldean
1631:Berossus
1599:Hezekiah
1414:Iron Age
1372:Assyrian
1289:empire.
1271:Akkadian
1178:Luristan
1114:Sumerian
1066:Anatolia
1010:period.
930:Akkadian
899:and the
816:Kuyunjiq
698:Sumerian
623:Akkadian
618:נִינְוֶה
595:and the
548:and the
478:city of
476:Assyrian
440:נִינְוֵה
425:𒌷𒉌𒉡𒀀
421:Akkadian
274:Location
4831:Nineveh
4540:1784268
4520:Bibcode
4456:Nineveh
4449::
4219:July 7,
2660:In the
2595:Cargoes
2535:of the
2511:of the
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2427:reliefs
2398:Shamash
2375:lamassu
2348:merlons
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2299:lamassu
2210:of the
1925:in his
1877:In the
1818:. King
1814:of the
1789:Tacitus
1762:Sebitti
1737:Elamite
1713:Ctesias
1612:Babylon
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1481:Nisroch
1469:Ninurta
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1350:by Sir
1323:worship
1303:Assyria
1016:Hassuna
986:to the
936:'s son
915:History
855:in 1778
806:is the
759:may be
723:Hurrian
716:Aramaic
661:Aramaic
613:Nīnəweh
582:Nineveh
572:by Sir
464:ܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ
456:Naynawā
432:, Ninua
430:NI.NU.A
377:Nineveh
352:History
184:ܢܝܼܢܘܹܐ
176:Nineveh
137:scholar
4896:Nimrod
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4589:, 1896
4579:, 1893
4559:, 1889
4538:
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4174:10 May
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2968:
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2494:Nimrud
2370:Nergal
2053:Syriac
2037:Tanakh
2021:Nimrud
2015:, and
1985:Urartu
1971:Isaiah
1907:Jewish
1887:Nimrod
1847:mosque
1758:Hermes
1623:Oxford
1608:Jerwan
1477:Tammuz
1473:Ishtar
1461:Nergal
1447:, and
1398:kings
1370:. The
1354:, 1853
1327:Ishtar
1287:Ur III
1102:Šauška
1098:Ishtar
1070:Ergani
1055:Arbela
1051:Ugarit
972:Nimrod
820:Layard
808:Arabic
690:Inanna
679:Arabic
669:Ninawa
667:; and
665:Syriac
657:Ninawa
649:Ninuwa
643:Ninuwā
605:Νινευή
600:Nineuḗ
591:Nīnevē
576:, 1853
517:, and
507:sacked
488:Tigris
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289:Region
284:, Iraq
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3065:S2CID
2752:6 May
2715:Notes
2625:film
2549:Copts
2498:Hatra
2402:Erbil
2252:Jonah
2224:Jonah
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2049:Quran
2017:Resen
2013:Calah
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1976:ישעיה
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144:JSTOR
130:books
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4498:ISBN
4480:ISBN
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4301:2016
4243:2016
4221:2020
4176:2019
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4009:ISBN
3816:ISBN
3716:2012
3640:OCLC
3630:ISBN
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