1453:, in the hope of ensuring a final end of the draining war that had brought England close to bankruptcy. O'Neill, O'Donnell, and the other surviving Ulster chiefs were granted full pardons and the return of their estates. The stipulations were that they abandon their Irish titles, their private armies, and their control over their dependents, and that they swear loyalty only to the Crown of England. In 1604, Mountjoy declared an amnesty for rebels all over the country. The reason for this apparent mildness was that the English could not afford to continue the war any longer. Elizabethan England did not have a standing army, nor could it force its Parliament to pass enough taxation to pay for long wars. Moreover, it was already involved in a war in the
996:, the lower stretch of which ran through the dense forest of Glenconkeyn, formed an effective barrier on the eastern edge of the O'Neill territory. A further difficulty lay in the want of a port on the northern sea coast where the English might launch an amphibious attack into O'Neill's rear. The English strategic situation was complicated by interference from Scots clans, which were supplying O'Neill with soldiers and materials and playing upon the English need for local assistance, while keeping an eye to their own territorial influence in
1070:, though, had feared that O'Neill had no intention of being a simple landlord and that his ambition was to usurp her authority and be "a Prince of Ulster". For this reason she refused to grant O'Neill provincial presidency or any other position which would have given him authority to govern Ulster on the crown's behalf. Once it became clear that Henry Bagenal was marked to assume the presidency of Ulster, O'Neill accepted that an English offensive was inevitable, and so joined his allies in open rebellion in February 1595, with an
1202:
south
Leinster and Munster. He spent almost all of his time in Ireland awaiting transport that he had been promised before setting out, it being the only effective way of reaching his stated objective of Lough Foyle; however, a lack of administrative efficiency in England caused his plans to go awry and the requisite pack animals and ships were never sent. Those expeditions he did organise were disastrous, especially an expedition crossing the Curlew mountains to
253:
165:
6695:
799:
5056:
5067:
4271:
3351:
5044:
1300:
43:
1111:
1292:
1271:, the principal Gaelic Irish leader in the province, which allowed MacCarthy to be neutral, while Carew concentrated on attacking the force of James Fitzthomas Fitzgerald, who commanded the main rebel force. As a result, while MacCarthy resisted English raiding parties into his territory, he did not come to Fitzthomas's aid, despite urgings from O'Neill and O'Donnell to do this.
265:
5077:
243:
2177:, p. 253 "Part of Mountjoy's strategy for wearing down Tyrone and the other rebel lords was a relentless assault on the peasantry who gave their power its economic base. As his men moved into Tyrone's territory, they systematically cut down standing corn, seized or burnt harvested crops and butchered or carried off livestock. They also killed anyone they came across".
1355:, virtually the southern tip of Ireland. Mountjoy immediately besieged them with 7,000 men. O'Neill, O'Donnell, and their allies marched their armies south to sandwich Mountjoy, whose men were starving and wracked by disease, between them and the Spaniards. During the march south, O'Neill devastated the lands of those who would not support him.
1143:. The rest were surrounded in Armagh itself but negotiated safe passage for themselves in return for evacuating the town. O'Neill's personal enemy, Sir Henry Bagenal, had been in command of the army and was killed during the early engagements. It was the heaviest defeat ever suffered by the English army in Ireland up to that point.
1362:. On the 5/6 January 1602, O'Donnell, against the wishes and advice of O'Neill, took the decision to attack the English. Forming up for a surprise attack, the Irish chiefs were themselves surprised by a cavalry charge, resulting in a rout of the Irish forces. The Spanish in Kinsale surrendered after their allies' defeat.
1043:. Maguire launched a more ambitious raid into Connacht during June, when he clashed with forces led by the governor of Connacht, Sir Richard Bingham, but the English were beaten back and Maguire continued to spoil thorough Roscommon before returning north. In response, the crown forces were gathered under the command of
1170:
Only a handful of native lords remained consistently loyal to either side, and loyalties were complicated by splits within clans. However all the fortified cities and towns of the country sided with the
English colonial government. Hugh O'Neill, unable to take walled towns, made repeated overtures to
1464:
Irish sources claimed that as many as 60,000 people had died in the Ulster famine of 1602â3 alone. An Irish death toll of over 100,000 is possible. At least 30,000 English soldiers died in
Ireland in the Nine Years' War, mainly from disease. So the total death toll for the war was certainly at least
1266:
George Carew, the
English Lord President of Munster, managed more or less to quash the rebellion in Munster by mid-1601, using a mixture of conciliation and force. By the summer of 1601 he had retaken most of the principal castles in Munster and scattered the Irish forces. He did this by negotiating
1241:
In
November 1599 O'Neill sent a 22-paragraph document to Queen Elizabeth, listing his terms for a peace agreement. These called for a self-governing Ireland with restitution of confiscated lands and churches, freedom of movement, and a strong Roman Catholic identity. In respect of Irish sovereignty
2058:
Colm Lennon, Sixteenth
Century Ireland, The Incomplete Conquest, p. 322, "Despite the proclamations of O'Neill... there is little evidence that the townsfolk and Pale gentry were in sympathy with the Ulster chieftain's war, and in this they had the backing of leading Jesuits such as Father Richard
1221:
When he did turn to Ulster, Essex entered a parley with O'Neill and agreed a truce that was heavily criticised by his enemies in London, despite
Elizabeth's admission soon afterward that it was "so seasonably made...as great good...has grown by it." Anticipating a recall to England, he set out for
1381:
assumed leadership of the O'Donnell clan. Both he and Hugh O'Neill were reduced to guerrilla tactics, fighting in small bands, as
Mountjoy, Dowcra, Chichester, and Niall Garbh O'Donnell swept the countryside. The English scorched earth tactics were especially harsh on the civilian population, who
1201:
arrived in
Ireland with over 17,000 English troops. He took the advice of the Irish privy council, to settle the south of the country with garrisons before making an attempt on Ulster, but this dissipated his forces and he ended up suffering numerous setbacks on a desultory progress through
1093:
be made Prince of
Ireland, but nothing came of this. A truce in late 1595 was followed by the submission of Hugh Maguire in April 1596, and Tyrone promised to explain his conduct before the Queen in London, but the arrival of three Spanish envoys from Philip II in 1596 promising men and supplies
1146:
The victory prompted uprisings all over the country, with the assistance of mercenaries in O'Neill's pay and contingents from Ulster, and it is at this point that the war developed in its full force. Hugh O'Neill appointed his supporters as chieftains and earls around the country, notably James
1274:
In the summer of 1600, Carew launched an offensive against Fitzthomas's forces. The English routed Fitzthomas' forces at Aherlow and in November, Carew reported to London that he had, over the summer, killed 1,200 'rebels' and taken the surrenders of over 10,000. Carew also weakened Florence
917:
to be appointed by the Dublin government. O'Neill had eloped with Bagenal's sister, Mabel, and married her against her brother's wishes; the bitterness of this episode was made more intense after Mabel's early death a few years after the marriage, when she was reportedly in despair about her
1468:
Although O'Neill and his allies received good terms at the end of the war, they were never trusted by the English authorities and the distrust was mutual. O'Neill, O'Donnell, and the other Gaelic lords from Ulster allied to them left Ireland in 1607 in what is known as the
1365:
The Irish forces retreated north to Ulster to regroup and consolidate their position. The Ulstermen lost many more men in the retreat through freezing and flooded country than they had at the actual battle of Kinsale. The last rebel stronghold in the south was taken at the
1332:
Their military assumption was that without crops and people or cattle, the rebels could neither feed themselves nor raise new fighters. This attrition quickly began to bite, and it also meant that the Ulster chiefs were tied down in Ulster to defend their own territories.
841:. After a period of warfare, Shane had Matthew murdered and became O'Neill after his father died. After the murder of Matthew's first heir, Brian, the English authorities spirited the next heir Hugh out of Tyrone to be brought up with the Hovenden family in
1130:
had been slow to comprehend the scale of the rebellion. After failed negotiations in 1595, English armies tried to break into Ulster but were repulsed by a trained army including musketeers in prepared positions; after a stinging defeat at the
976:
sept, but suffered constant threat from the O'Donnells; the route from Newry into the heart of Ulster ran through several easily defended passes and could only be maintained in wartime with a punishing sacrifice by the Crown of men and money.
1795:
845:. At the parliament of 1585, Hugh O'Neill requested and was granted his English law birthright to the title of Earl of Tyrone. Prior to this and for several years afterwards Hugh O'Neill warred with the aging reigning chief of Tyrone,
904:
By the early 1590s, the north of Ireland was attracting the attention of Lord Deputy Fitzwilliam, who had been charged with bringing the area under crown control. A provincial presidency was proposed; the candidate for office was
1946:. "There was already the kindling of conspiracies between Spain and Ireland in 1592â3, but the spark that ignited discontent into rebellion was the appointment of Captain Humphrey Willis as sheriff of Fermanagh in spring 1593."
1473:" after news they planned another rebellion reached the authorities. They intended to organise an expedition from a Catholic power in Europe, preferably Spain, to restart the war but were unable to find any military backers.
1230:, who proved to be a far more able commander, though his greater success could just as well have been because he was provided with all of the administrative support Essex lacked. In addition, two veterans of Irish warfare,
1278:
In June 1601, James Fitzthomas was captured by the English forces. Shortly afterwards, Carew had Florence MacCarthy arrested after summoning him for negotiations. Both Fitzthomas and MacCarthy were held captive in the
1902:, pp. 4â5. "Philip OâSullivan Beare, the first chronicler of the Hiberno-Spanish relationship, dates the conflict originating in Ulster known as the Nine Years War between 1594 and 1603 as the Fifteen Years War".
2286:, p. 303. "Mountjoy aimed at the abject submission of O'Neill in the field. Tyrone itself was constricted by the spoiling tactics of the Lord Deputy...with famine conditions resulting in the winter of 1602â1603"
2257:
1047:, who launched an expedition into Monaghan, then Fermanagh, to crush Maguire and his allies, receiving his commission on 11 September 1593. Bagenal had under his command 144 horse, 763 foot, and 118 kern, to which
929:, resisted the imposition of an English sheriff; he was hanged and his lordship divided. There was an outcry, with several sources alleging corruption against Fitzwilliam, but the same policy was soon applied in
6724:
2186:
Lennon, 16th Century Ireland, p. 299,"His attritional methods included the establishment of provocative garrisons, campaigning in winter, and the winning over disaffected followers of the confederates"
1755:
1283:, where Fitzthomas eventually died. Most of the rest of the local lords submitted, once the principal native leaders had been arrested. O'Neill's mercenaries had been expelled from the province.
548:
1377:
Hugh Roe O'Donnell left for Spain pleading in vain for another Spanish landing. He died in 1602 of a feverâit is often incorrectly alleged that he was poisoned by a double agent. His brother
2392:
353:
719:. The war began in Ulster and northern Connacht, but eventually engulfed the entire island. The Irish alliance won numerous victories against the English forces in Ireland, such as the
6610:
5533:
1090:
849:
for control of Tyrone. Turlough died in 1595 allowing Hugh to be inaugurated "the O'Neill". Hugh however had also ruthlessly murdered his chief competitor to the title, Shane's son
1988:
Certificate given by Captain Alonso Cobos to the Irish Catholics, 15 May 1596 (Cal. S. P. Spain, 1587â1603, p. 169); O'Neill and O'Donnell to Philip II, 16 May 1596 (ibid, p. 620)
6814:
758:. At the height of the conflict (1600â1601) more than 18,000 soldiers were fighting in the English army in Ireland. By contrast, the English army assisting the Dutch during the
2587:
Patrick S Dineen & David Comyn (trans & eds) Geoffrey Keating: Foras Feasa ar Ăirinn: The history of Ireland, 4 vols, Irish Texts Society (London 1902â14; reprint 1987)
2059:
Field SJ. Whatever about their common Catholicism, the links with the Spanish monarchy were strongly eschewed by the vast majority of those of Old English origin in Ireland."
1175:
to join his rebellion, appealing to their Catholicism and to their alienation from the Dublin government and the provincial administrations. For the most part, however, the
896:. With the aid of Spain, O'Neill could arm and feed over 8,000 men, unprecedented for a Gaelic lord, and leaving him well prepared to resist English incursions into Ulster.
1035:). In 1593, Maguire supported by troops out of Tyrone led by Hugh O'Neill's brother, Cormac MacBaron, had combined to resist Willis' introduction as Sheriff into Maguire's
6615:
5626:
1051:
was to bring a further 200 horse and 1,200 foot. Bagenal entered Fermanagh on 22 September and was joined by O'Neill four days later. Unable to make a crossing of the
407:
6472:
3667:
541:
675:
462:
369:
274:
246:
5692:
3387:
1437:
had fought with the English during the war and was granted lordship of West Breifne in return. Following a twelve-day siege, a force of 3,000 men led by Tadhg,
60:
6644:
4307:
5147:
2602:
Paul Walsh (trans & ed) Beatha Aodha Ruaidh UĂ Dhomhnaill: The Life of Aodh Ruadh O Dhomhnaill, 2 vols (Dublin 1948 & 1957; reprint 1988 & 1994)
1861:
5811:
5235:
4471:
4453:
6658:
2045:
1394:
due to the approach of Mountjoy's forces, and withdrew to hide in the woods. In a symbolic gesture Mountjoy smashed the O'Neills' inauguration stone at
1039:. After Willis was expelled from Fermanagh, Maguire, with the aid of MacBaron, launched punishing raids into northern Connacht, burning villages around
534:
5579:
5513:
5457:
3537:
3522:
1403:
1402:
soon hit Ulster as a result of the English scorched earth strategy. O'Neill's uirithe or sub-lords (O'Hagan, O'Quinn, MacCann) began to surrender and
1378:
1322:
434:
6477:
5113:
5070:
4481:
3527:
3173:
3163:
6649:
5673:
5462:
3481:
2599:
Katharine Simms, From Kings to Warlords: The Changing Political Structures of Gaelic Ireland in the Later Middle Ages (Boydell 1987; reprint 2000)
438:
5080:
3168:
2968:
2913:
2630:
2381:
1421:
Although the war had effectively ended with the signing of the Treaty of Mellifont, its final battles were fought during the English invasion of
5823:
5707:
5367:
4491:
3717:
3598:
3158:
2791:
450:
6719:
2590:
Patrick J Duffy, David Edwards & Elizabeth FitzPatrick (eds) Gaelic Ireland c. 1250âc. 1650: Land, Lordship & Settlement (Dublin 2001)
6662:
6625:
5656:
1805:
1765:
1726:
1012:
Historians disagree on the exact beginning of the Nine Years' War, but it is generally considered to have begun in May 1593 with Gaelic lord
2811:
6527:
5910:
5796:
5630:
4221:
1406:, Hugh Roe's brother and successor, surrendered on terms at the end of 1602. However, with a secure base in the large and dense forests of
458:
309:
868:. He also recruited his tenants and dependants into military service and tied the peasantry to the land to increase food production (see
5865:
5778:
5735:
4486:
2953:
2672:
1251:
1247:
822:
806:
107:
5240:
5228:
5223:
5211:
4340:
4335:
2160:
1970:
James O'Neill, Maguire's revolt but Tyrone's war: proxy war in Fermanagh 1593â94, Seanchas Ard Mhacha, vol. 26, no. 1 (2016), pp. 44â45
6630:
6394:
6297:
5791:
5702:
5477:
5280:
5139:
4751:
2963:
2013:
1537:
1438:
1198:
1075:
834:
584:
415:
411:
79:
5206:
1660:
1099:
5487:
3380:
2573:
2540:
2510:
2473:
2450:
2431:
2412:
2367:
1227:
380:
126:
5252:
5192:
3083:
2973:
6774:
6754:
6749:
6653:
5677:
5309:
4823:
4300:
3244:
2605:
Micheline Kerney Walsh, An Exile of Ireland: Hugh O Neill Prince of Ulster (Cumann Seanchas Ard Mhacha 1986; reprint Dublin 1996)
1329:, a rival of Hugh Roe, devastated the countryside in an effort to provoke a famine and killed the civilian population at random.
1231:
1013:
430:
298:
86:
2516:
T W Moody, F X Martin & F J Byrne (eds) A New History of Ireland: Early Modern Ireland 1534â1691 (Oxford 1987; reprint 1993)
6769:
6764:
6290:
5917:
5363:
4818:
4763:
4428:
3639:
3517:
2978:
2724:
1048:
950:
696:
290:
2877:
6759:
5922:
5818:
5492:
5472:
5427:
5125:
1957:
1886:
1562:
1071:
604:
589:
64:
3532:
2988:
6789:
93:
6779:
5900:
5609:
5523:
4096:
3486:
3249:
3218:
2262:
2230:
344:
5382:
1716:
6804:
6557:
5875:
5801:
5651:
5584:
5508:
5106:
5001:
4838:
4755:
4723:
3557:
3373:
3213:
3178:
3153:
3043:
3028:
2918:
1425:
in April 1603, which remained the sole holdout Irish kingdom following O'Neill's capitulation. The kingdom was ruled by
2806:
1059:. Blocking forces were posted by Maguire at the ford of Belleek, but these were overcome by Bagenal and O'Neill at the
6784:
5895:
5268:
4759:
4293:
1531:
988:, where a small colony had been planted in the 1570s; but here too the terrain was unfavorable for the English, since
972:
in the west â the terrain in between was largely mountains, woodland, bog, and marshes. Sligo Castle was held by the
579:
336:
75:
4779:
3491:
3354:
3208:
3128:
3118:
3048:
2816:
2623:
1497:
1358:
The English force might have been destroyed by hunger and sickness but the issue was decided in their favour at the
6600:
6239:
5905:
5599:
5017:
4848:
4423:
4167:
4137:
3995:
3832:
3828:
3593:
3588:
3572:
3078:
3073:
3033:
2993:
2983:
2776:
2678:
2333:
1580:
1489:
1441:, and Rory O'Donnell eventually brought the area, and thus all of Ireland, under English control on 25 April 1603.
964:
enjoyed. By land there were only two viable points of entry to the province for troops marching from the south: at
846:
614:
599:
340:
2928:
1925:
53:
6809:
6744:
6739:
6307:
6163:
5883:
5697:
5619:
5604:
5589:
5437:
5372:
5334:
5324:
5314:
5174:
5009:
4476:
4438:
4432:
4368:
4330:
3138:
3113:
3103:
3018:
2892:
2872:
2857:
1650:
1568:
1511:
In 1608 the absent earls' lands were confiscated for trying to start another war, and were soon colonised in the
1136:
853:. He also had sub-chiefs who wouldn't toe the line murdered such as Phelim McTurlough O'Neill, lord of Killetra.
771:
724:
716:
609:
156:
152:
3203:
6799:
6794:
6734:
6729:
6552:
5682:
5296:
4742:
4442:
3897:
3496:
2692:
4566:
4202:
4162:
3794:
3606:
3198:
3133:
3088:
3023:
1326:
1163:, the colonisation of the province with English settlers, was dealt a serious blow; the colonists, among them
850:
446:
6620:
6569:
6285:
6037:
5786:
5646:
5452:
5397:
5387:
5354:
5187:
5099:
4937:
4769:
4448:
4413:
3727:
3712:
3108:
3013:
3008:
2998:
2958:
2887:
2786:
2750:
2703:
2663:
1645:
1477:
712:
313:
2938:
2923:
2908:
960:
The most significant difficulty for English forces in confronting O'Neill lay in the natural defences that
6640:
6517:
6143:
5663:
5518:
5407:
5358:
4986:
4803:
4798:
4736:
4630:
4496:
4418:
4393:
4383:
4118:
3990:
3824:
3737:
3677:
3223:
3098:
3093:
2755:
1515:. The Nine Years' War was therefore an important step in the English and Scottish colonisation of Ulster.
1505:
1415:
1160:
1067:
169:
Ireland in 1600 showing approximate Irish alliance control at its height (red), and English control (blue)
4147:
2616:
6302:
6273:
5806:
5048:
4970:
4788:
4728:
4378:
3867:
3805:
2933:
1951:
1875:. "Writing a history of the Nine Years War is difficult because historians disagree over when it began."
1604:
1586:
1574:
1430:
1207:
1176:
649:
624:
619:
396:
4187:
3872:
3567:
3547:
2781:
2735:
1426:
1024:
857:
704:
294:
100:
864:). Within his own territories, O'Neill was entitled to limited military service from his sub-lords or
695:, took place in Ireland from 1593 to 1603. It was fought between an Irish confederationâled mainly by
6672:
6439:
6210:
6187:
5972:
5858:
5712:
5687:
5556:
5377:
5349:
4928:
4792:
4732:
4511:
4501:
4397:
4251:
4172:
3983:
3978:
3732:
3707:
3672:
3501:
3420:
3301:
3123:
2867:
2760:
2730:
1628:
1592:
1543:
1512:
1391:
1337:
1132:
997:
759:
748:
720:
664:
629:
594:
6547:
6449:
6374:
6345:
6233:
6078:
5768:
5758:
5668:
5344:
5201:
5182:
5136:
4978:
4858:
4833:
4828:
4808:
4638:
4590:
4407:
4358:
4010:
3892:
3862:
3815:
3747:
3702:
3632:
3471:
3396:
3148:
3143:
3068:
3003:
2862:
2745:
2740:
2718:
2713:
1862:"Tenace on O'Neill, 'The Nine Years War, 1593-1603: O'Neill, Mountjoy and the Military Revolution'"
1470:
1458:
1454:
1411:
1410:, O'Neill held out until 30 March 1603, when he surrendered on good terms to Mountjoy, signing the
1371:
740:
739:(1603). Many of the defeated northern lords left Ireland to seek support for a new uprising in the
736:
208:
203:
2668:
1782:
The Confiscation of Ulster, in the Reign of James the First, Commonly Called The Ulster Plantation
6574:
6507:
6502:
6429:
6412:
6330:
6017:
5945:
5574:
5442:
5392:
5329:
5304:
5300:
5218:
5162:
4993:
4899:
4774:
4622:
4516:
4388:
4373:
4316:
4246:
4157:
3907:
2796:
1450:
1268:
1152:
1095:
1082:
889:
861:
770:
The Nine Years' War was caused by the clashes between the Gaelic Irish lord Hugh O'Neill and the
514:~30,000 soldiers (though more died from disease than in battle) and hundreds of English colonists
270:
5838:
3562:
3542:
3188:
3183:
2948:
2943:
2639:
2593:
Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, Royal Inauguration in Gaelic Inauguration c. 1100â1600, (Woodbridge 2004)
1655:
1493:
1434:
1066:
Initially O'Neill assisted the English, hoping to be named as Lord President of Ulster himself.
454:
357:
31:
888:
from Scotland and England. From 1591, O'Donnell, on O'Neill's behalf, had been in contact with
6605:
6535:
6255:
6117:
6111:
5982:
5888:
5848:
5753:
5614:
4892:
4784:
4574:
4217:
3857:
3820:
3461:
3259:
3193:
3038:
2569:
2536:
2532:
2506:
2469:
2446:
2427:
2408:
2363:
2253:
2039:
1880:
1801:
1761:
1722:
1640:
1616:
1598:
1525:
1484:
and did not wish to reopen hostilities. Further, a Spanish fleet had just been destroyed by a
1359:
1235:
1222:
London in 1599 without the Queen's permission, where he was executed after attempting a court
1060:
1044:
833:. Matthew O'Neill had been appointed by Conn as his heir, whereas Conn's eldest surviving son
634:
574:
6464:
6444:
6265:
6220:
5594:
5275:
5257:
5144:
4954:
4654:
4197:
4142:
3937:
3762:
3697:
3331:
3316:
3306:
2852:
2836:
2801:
2235:
2128:
2095:
1610:
1552:
1501:
1318:
1308:
1192:
1156:
1119:
1056:
1040:
778:
to ruling the whole island. In resisting this advance, O'Neill managed to rally other Irish
732:
644:
639:
423:
400:
388:
365:
317:
302:
164:
4232:
2020:
1299:
1275:
MacCarthy's position by recruiting a rival MacCarthy chieftain, Donal, to English service.
6564:
6492:
6487:
6325:
6317:
6195:
6122:
5763:
5447:
5422:
4946:
4192:
4000:
3953:
3916:
3836:
3788:
3783:
3687:
3280:
2683:
1930:
1622:
1395:
1367:
1280:
1148:
1028:
818:
755:
659:
654:
329:
325:
4702:
4063:
4034:
3552:
3476:
2826:
1139:
in 1598 up to 2,000 English troops were killed after being attacked on the march to
754:
The war against O'Neill and his allies was the largest conflict fought by England in the
2525:
1242:
he now accepted English overlordship, but requested that the viceroy ".. be at least an
17:
6699:
6595:
6434:
6422:
6200:
6012:
5528:
5263:
5247:
5197:
5060:
4920:
4884:
4670:
4363:
4274:
4236:
4152:
4082:
4067:
4022:
3943:
3882:
3847:
3800:
3752:
3742:
3662:
3625:
2821:
2708:
2688:
2658:
2352:
The Old English in Early Modern Ireland: The Palesmen and the Nine Years' War 1594â1603
2329:
2132:
2099:
1485:
1481:
1164:
1032:
869:
826:
810:
744:
728:
700:
419:
257:
214:
6713:
6250:
6083:
5957:
5432:
5417:
4256:
4113:
4050:
3948:
3810:
3275:
2882:
2462:
1210:. Thousands of his troops, shut up in unsanitary garrisons, died of diseases such as
1127:
1001:
985:
981:
906:
892:, appealing for military aid against their common enemy and citing also their shared
885:
787:
384:
1429:, one of the alliance's chief lieutenants and leader of the Irish forces during the
1347:
In 1601, the long promised Spanish finally arrived in the form of 3,500 soldiers at
798:
526:
6404:
6340:
6335:
6245:
6228:
6053:
5992:
5482:
5467:
4843:
4694:
4646:
4606:
4240:
4182:
3930:
3877:
3321:
2831:
2520:
2377:
2221:
1665:
1422:
1180:
938:
4598:
4090:
4059:
4026:
3682:
1844:
954:
934:
2559:
W L Renwick, Edmund Spenser: A View of the Present State of Ireland (Oxford 1979)
2389:
Los Irlandeses y la Monarquia Hispanica (1529-1800): Vinculos in Espacio y Tiempo
6541:
6454:
6153:
6097:
6058:
5319:
4912:
4904:
4747:
4558:
4040:
4030:
3970:
3842:
3415:
3254:
2562:
1457:. As it was, the war in Ireland (which cost over ÂŁ2 million) came very close to
1407:
1352:
1135:, successive English offensives were driven back in the following years. At the
1115:
989:
946:
893:
42:
2161:"The MacCarthys and the Nine Years War in Munster. 1595â1603 â The Irish Story"
1449:
The leaders of the rebellion received good terms from the new King of England,
1110:
6635:
6279:
6158:
6068:
6032:
6022:
5828:
5025:
4868:
4813:
4686:
4662:
4582:
4506:
3722:
3410:
3060:
2698:
2145:
Calendar of State Papers relating to Ireland, 1599â1600 (London 1899) 279â281.
1336:
Although O'Neill managed to repulse another land offensive by Mountjoy at the
1291:
1052:
993:
973:
708:
2196:
1313:
Mountjoy managed to penetrate the interior of Ulster by seaborne landings at
1179:
remained hostile to their hereditary Gaelic enemies. The English fortress at
1055:, Bagenal and O'Neill marched (separately) northwards to the northern end of
727:(1598), but the English won a pivotal victory against the alliance and their
6667:
6388:
6172:
6027:
6002:
5977:
5402:
4876:
4678:
4177:
4086:
4018:
3923:
3757:
3311:
3285:
2653:
2360:
The Nine Years War, 1593â1603: O'Neill, Mountjoy and the Military Revolution
1325:
and Carrickfergus under Arthur Chichester. Dowcra and Chichester, helped by
1215:
1036:
1017:
830:
783:
511:~100,000 soldiers and Irish civilians (the vast majority died due to famine)
242:
6353:
6073:
4550:
3852:
2608:
2239:
1997:
1433:. He failed to secure any concessions from the treaty as his half-brother
872:). In addition, he hired large contingents of Irish mercenaries (known as
6579:
6512:
6177:
6063:
6007:
5412:
4044:
3887:
3336:
3326:
1496:, who had previously fought on the Crown's side against Tyrone, launched
1172:
930:
922:
842:
838:
775:
2527:
Tyrone's Rebellion: The outbreak of the Nine Years' War in Tudor Ireland
2225:
2069:
6497:
6482:
6381:
6168:
6148:
5122:
4614:
4534:
3440:
1348:
1211:
914:
489:
190:
3365:
1998:
Morgan H., "Faith and Fatherland or Queen and Country"; DĂșiche NĂ©ill:
6367:
6360:
6205:
6138:
5997:
4542:
4285:
4073:
4055:
3430:
3425:
2337:
1399:
1255:
1223:
1140:
1086:
961:
881:
877:
814:
482:
2443:
The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland: A Pattern Established, 1565â76
2380:(2013). Peduelo Martin, Eduardo; Rodriguez de Diego, Julia (eds.).
1820:
Nicholas Canny, Hugh O'Neill and the Changing Face of Gaelic Ulster
6417:
5987:
4227:
4078:
3778:
3648:
3435:
1382:
died in great numbers both from direct targeting and from famine.
1341:
1314:
1298:
1290:
1203:
1109:
969:
965:
942:
910:
797:
779:
252:
5091:
2596:
John O'Donovan (ed.) Annals of Ireland by the Four Masters (1851)
860:, his ally, Hugh O'Neill enlisted Scottish mercenaries (known as
3445:
2549:
David Beers Quinn, The Elizabethans and the Irish (Cornell 1966)
1243:
926:
5943:
5733:
5554:
5160:
5095:
4289:
3621:
3369:
2612:
530:
6105:
1098:
sailed in 1596; the war in Ireland became a part of the wider
913:, who would seek to impose the authority of the crown through
36:
1159:. In Munster as many as 9,000 men came out in rebellion. The
880:
such as Richard Tyrrell. To arm his soldiers, O'Neill bought
2119:
Henry, L. W. (1959). "The Earl of Essex and Ireland, 1599".
2086:
Henry, L. W. (1959). "The Earl of Essex and Ireland, 1599".
1183:
surrendered in November 1599 after a thirteen month siege.
1718:
The 'Mere Irish' and the Colonisation of Ulster, 1570-1641
1238:, were given commands in Munster and Ulster respectively.
1757:
The Problem of Ireland in Tudor Foreign Policy, 1485-1603
813:, which dominated the centre of the northern province of
3617:
2579:
Hamilton, Ernest, Lord. 'Elizabethan Ulster' (1858â1939)
1740:
1738:
1254:
commented in the margin of the document, with the word "
1122:
commemorating the Irish victory over the English in 1599
837:
was the preferred heir according to the Irish custom of
6725:
16th-century military history of the Kingdom of England
5534:
List of World Heritage Sites in the Republic of Ireland
957:
territories was bound to be resisted by force of arms.
921:
In 1591, Fitzwilliam broke up the MacMahon lordship in
782:
who were dissatisfied with English government and some
2332:
line which derived its origins from the ancient hero,
980:
The English did have a foothold within Ulster, around
2382:"The establishment of the Irish-Spanish relationship"
747:
and created the groundwork for the foundation of the
5264:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
2318:& 2: Cyril Falls, Elizabeth's Irish Wars, p. 49.
2155:
2153:
2151:
1926:"Death in the lakelands: Tyrone's proxy war, 1593â4"
6588:
6526:
6463:
6403:
6316:
6264:
6219:
6186:
6131:
6096:
6046:
5965:
5956:
5874:
5777:
5746:
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5567:
5501:
5289:
5173:
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4714:
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4462:
4349:
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4009:
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3771:
3655:
3581:
3510:
3454:
3403:
3294:
3268:
3235:
3057:
2901:
2845:
2769:
2646:
2405:
Sixteenth Century Ireland â The Incomplete Conquest
1287:
Battle of Kinsale and the collapse of the rebellion
762:was never more than 12,000 strong at any one time.
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2524:
2461:
1081:Later in 1595 O'Neill and O'Donnell wrote to King
5627:List of national parks of the Republic of Ireland
2226:"O'Donnell, 'Red' Hugh (Ă Domhnaill, Aodh Ruadh)"
2000:Journal of the OÂčNeill Country Historical Society
1031:, out of his territory, Tyrconnell (now part of
743:(1607), never to return. This marked the end of
227:Entirety of Ireland is now under English control
6473:Association football in the Republic of Ireland
3668:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
145:
1344:in 1600, his position was becoming desperate.
5107:
4301:
3633:
3381:
2624:
2328:The O'Neill dynasty claimed descent from the
542:
8:
6815:Political violence in the Kingdom of Ireland
1461:the English exchequer by its close in 1603.
925:when The MacMahon, hereditary leader of the
5236:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
2295:
1911:
1702:
1504:. O'Doherty was defeated and killed at the
1303:Charles Blount, 8th Baron Mountjoy, c. 1594
6659:Public holidays in the Republic of Ireland
5962:
5953:
5940:
5743:
5730:
5564:
5551:
5170:
5157:
5114:
5100:
5092:
4308:
4294:
4286:
4006:
3966:
3640:
3626:
3618:
3599:Bridget FitzGerald, Countess of Tyrconnell
3388:
3374:
3366:
2631:
2617:
2609:
1074:, which guarded a strategic bridge on the
949:). Any attempt to further the same in the
549:
535:
527:
163:
142:
27:1593â1603 Irish war against Tudor conquest
2076:, Volume 1, No. 3 (October 1909), p. 130.
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
6478:Association football in Northern Ireland
4482:Counties of Meath and Westmeath Act 1543
5674:Demographics of the Republic of Ireland
1683:
1206:, which was mauled by O'Donnell at the
809:came from the powerful Ă NĂ©ill sept of
772:advance of the English state in Ireland
330:
4492:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652
3718:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652
3528:Catherine Magennis, Countess of Tyrone
3523:Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell
2283:
2044:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2037:
1949:
1899:
1878:
1690:
918:husband's neglect and his mistresses.
424:
401:
303:
1508:and the rebellion quickly collapsed.
7:
2490:Calendar of State Papers: Carew MSS.
2422:McCoy, Gerard Anthony Hayes (1989),
1744:Falls, Elizabeth's Irish Wars, pg 49
715:, and was a response to the ongoing
65:adding citations to reliable sources
5076:
4487:Settlement of Laois and Offaly 1556
2468:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
2197:"Beatha Aodha Ruaidh UĂ Dhomhnaill"
1715:Farrell, Gerard (10 October 2017).
1465:100,000 people, and probably more.
5703:Tourism in the Republic of Ireland
5478:Economy of the Republic of Ireland
5276:Irish Free State (1922–1937)
2258:"O'Donnell (Ă Domhnall), RuaidhrĂ"
2175:Contested Island, Ireland 146â1630
2133:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1959.tb01621.x
2100:10.1111/j.1468-2281.1959.tb01621.x
1979:O'Neill, The Nine Years War, p. 29
1849:. Hurst and Blackett. p. 154.
1668:, perspective from English history
1538:Battle of the Ford of the Biscuits
1392:destroyed his capital at Dungannon
1199:Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex
1089:. Philip proposed that his cousin
825:, the first O'Neill to be created
735:(1601â02). The war ended with the
25:
5488:Post-2008 Irish economic downturn
2496:Calendar of State Papers: Ireland
2486:3 vols. :(London, 1885â1890)
2464:Making Ireland British, 1580â1650
2398:from the original on 25 May 2024.
1558:1597 â Battle of Casan-na-gCuradh
1226:. He was succeeded in Ireland by
909:, an English colonist settled in
485:(1594) but thousands joined after
6693:
5657:Tallest buildings and structures
5075:
5066:
5065:
5054:
5042:
4270:
4269:
3350:
3349:
2070:Story of Castle Magne, Co. Kerry
1797:Conflicts that Changed the World
1114:Statue of Red Hugh O'Donnell at
1085:for help, and offered to be his
802:Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone
263:
251:
241:
41:
4429:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
1780:Thomas Mac Nevin, James Duffy,
1262:End of the Rebellion in Munster
1094:ended any chances of peace. An
1027:had driven an English sheriff,
817:. His father, Matthew O'Neill,
412:Robert Devereux (Earl of Essex)
52:needs additional citations for
5493:Post-2008 Irish banking crisis
4341:History of Ireland (1691â1800)
4336:History of Ireland (1536â1691)
3084:Muirchertach Ceannfada O'Neill
2725:An sluagh sidhe so i nEamhuin?
2407:, Dublin: St. Martin's Press,
1072:assault on the Blackwater Fort
416:Charles Blount (Lord Mountjoy)
76:"Nine Years' War" Ireland
30:For the war of the 1690s, see
1:
2568:(1950; reprint London, 1996)
2362:. Dublin: Four Courts Press.
2263:Dictionary of Irish Biography
2231:Dictionary of Irish Biography
2074:Kerry Archaeological Magazine
1924:O'Neill, James (April 2015).
1860:Tenace, Edward (March 2019).
1661:Anglo-Spanish War (1585â1604)
1147:Fitzthomas Fitzgerald as the
6558:Northern Ireland flags issue
5509:List of conflicts in Ireland
5253:Southern Ireland (1921â1922)
4724:Dublin Castle administration
3518:Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone
2929:Niall MĂłr mac Aodha Reamhair
2812:MĂĄel DĂșin mac MĂĄele Fithrich
2583:Sources for Gaelic Ireland:
2426:, Belfast: Appletree Press,
1760:. Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
1548:1596 â Third Sack of Athenry
1480:in August 1604 with the new
1106:Irish victory at Yellow Ford
1016:resisting the occupation of
5529:Gaelic clothing and fashion
2492:6 vols (London, 1867â1873).
2460:Canny, Nicholas P. (2001),
2445:, Sussex: Harvester Press,
2441:Canny, Nicholas P. (1976),
1492:in April 1607. In 1608 Sir
1295:Map of the Siege of Kinsale
1126:The English authorities in
6831:
4424:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
3573:Eoghan Ruadh Mac an Bhaird
2792:Muirchertach mac Muiredaig
2777:Niall of the Nine Hostages
2679:Gaelic nobility of Ireland
2334:Niall of the Nine Hostages
2323:
2313:
1956:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1885:: CS1 maint: postscript (
1843:Hamilton, Earnest (1858).
1794:Castleden, Rodney (2008).
1306:
1190:
900:Crown advances into Ulster
786:who opposed the spread of
600:Dublin gunpowder explosion
345:Donal Cam O'Sullivan Beare
29:
6720:Nine Years' War (Ireland)
6689:
5952:
5939:
5742:
5729:
5563:
5550:
5169:
5156:
5132:
5049:British Empire portal
5037:
4477:Crown of Ireland Act 1542
4369:Tudor conquest of Ireland
4331:Timeline of Irish history
4265:
3497:Ulster Conspiracy of 1615
3345:
3214:Jorge Torlades O'Neill II
3044:Turlough Luineach O'Neill
3029:Turlough MacShane O'Neill
2556:" 2 vols. (London, 1896).
1651:Tudor conquest of Ireland
1569:Battle of the Yellow Ford
1137:Battle of the Yellow Ford
821:, was the reputed son of
725:Battle of the Yellow Ford
717:Tudor conquest of Ireland
673:
570:
518:
505:
470:
280:
235:
173:
162:
157:European wars of religion
153:Tudor conquest of Ireland
150:
4743:Privy Council of Ireland
3898:Gaelic Christian mission
3477:OâNeill-OâCahan disputes
3209:Jorge Torlades O'Neill I
3129:Murtagh Dulenagh O'Neill
3119:Brian Ballagh II O'Neill
2552:Standish O'Grady (ed.) "
2484:Ireland under the Tudors
1754:Palmer, William (1994).
1502:attacked and burnt Derry
1248:privy council of England
1167:, fled for their lives.
181:May 1593 â 30 March 1603
18:Nine Years War (Ireland)
6775:Wars involving Scotland
6755:17th-century rebellions
6750:16th-century rebellions
6650:Prostitution (Republic)
4770:Court of Castle Chamber
4449:Irish Rebellion of 1798
4439:WilliamiteâJacobite War
4414:Irish Rebellion of 1641
4168:Yn Ăheshaght Ghailckagh
3728:Jacobite rising of 1745
3589:Cormac MacBaron O'Neill
3219:Hugo José Jorge O'Neill
3034:Phelim MacShane O'Neill
2994:Cormac MacBaron O'Neill
2751:Irish Rebellion of 1641
2358:O'Neill, James (2017).
1800:. Canary Press eBooks.
1646:List of Irish uprisings
1581:Battle of Deputy's Pass
1563:Battle of Carrickfergus
1250:". Elizabeth's adviser
1187:Earl of Essex's command
1186:
847:Turlough Lynagh O'Neill
713:English rule in Ireland
341:Cormac MacBaron O'Neill
6770:Wars involving Ireland
6765:Wars involving England
5519:List of Irish kingdoms
4804:Trinity College Dublin
4799:Grand Lodge of Ireland
4737:Irish House of Commons
4695:Bréifne Uà Raghallaigh
4497:Act of Settlement 1662
4419:Irish Confederate Wars
4394:Plantations of Ireland
4384:Reformation in Ireland
3139:Brian McPhelim O'Neill
3019:Henry MacShane O'Neill
2893:Niall Culanach O'Neill
2878:Ăed in MacĂĄem TĂłinlesc
2873:Flaithbertach Ua NĂ©ill
2858:Muirchertach mac NĂ©ill
2807:MĂĄel Fithrich mac Ăedo
2756:Irish Confederate Wars
2566:Elizabeth's Irish Wars
1833:, Suffolk 1993, p. 19.
1784:(Dublin: 1840), p. 14
1506:Battle of Kilmacrennan
1418:had died on 24 March.
1304:
1296:
1123:
803:
499:~5â6,000 (before 1598)
281:Commanders and leaders
6760:Rebellions in Ireland
6626:Mass media (Republic)
6570:National coat of arms
5458:IRA Northern Campaign
4729:Parliament of Ireland
4379:Surrender and regrant
4203:An Coimisinéir Teanga
4163:An Comunn GĂ idhealach
3868:Oireachtas na Gaeilge
3607:Mary Stuart O'Donnell
3492:O'Doherty's Rebellion
3228:Charles Henry O'Neill
3134:Phelim Bacagh O'Neill
3089:Brian Ballagh O'Neill
3024:Conn MacShane O'Neill
2939:Brian Ăg mac NĂ©ill Ăg
2817:Fergal mac MĂĄele DĂșin
2403:Lennon, Colm (1995),
2240:10.3318/dib.006343.v1
1605:Battle of Castlehaven
1587:Battle of Curlew Pass
1575:Siege of Cahir Castle
1498:O'Doherty's Rebellion
1476:Spain had signed the
1431:Battle of Curlew Pass
1327:Niall Garve O'Donnell
1302:
1294:
1208:Battle of Curlew Pass
1113:
851:Hugh Gavelagh O'Neill
823:Conn O'Neill the Lame
801:
506:Casualties and losses
447:Niall Garve O'Donnell
6780:Wars involving Spain
6548:County coats of arms
6440:List of Irish people
5514:List of Irish tribes
5364:Cromwellian conquest
5350:Plantation of Ulster
5281:Ireland (since 1922)
4733:Irish House of Lords
4512:Constitution of 1782
4252:Kingdom of the Isles
4173:Seachtain na Gaeilge
4138:ĂdarĂĄs na Gaeltachta
3893:Insular Christianity
3708:Plantation of Ulster
3673:High King of Ireland
3502:Plantation of Ulster
3421:Quillebeuf-sur-Seine
3014:Hugh McShane O'Neill
3009:Brian MacArt O'Neill
2999:Art MacBaron O'Neill
2959:Phelim Caoch O'Neill
2868:Domnall Ua Lochlainn
2787:Muiredach mac EĂłgain
2731:High King of Ireland
1629:Burning of Dungannon
1593:Battle of Moyry Pass
1544:Battle of Clontibret
1532:Siege of Enniskillen
1513:Plantation of Ulster
1338:Battle of Moyry Pass
1133:Battle of Clontibret
794:Rise of Hugh O'Neill
774:, from control over
749:Plantation of Ulster
721:Battle of Clontibret
585:Ford of the Biscuits
520:Total dead: 130,000+
501:~18,000 (after 1598)
494:3,500 Spanish (1601)
477:~21,000, including:
314:Fiach McHugh O'Byrne
61:improve this article
6805:Catholic rebellions
6663:in Northern Ireland
6654:in Northern Ireland
6395:Legendary creatures
6308:Traditional singing
6144:Saint Patrick's Day
5779:Republic of Ireland
5708:Tourist attractions
5693:ROI–UK border
5678:of Northern Ireland
5631:in Northern Ireland
5463:IRA Border Campaign
5438:War of Independence
5408:Second Great Famine
5393:Act of Union (1800)
5345:Flight of the Earls
5202:Lordship of Ireland
5137:Republic of Ireland
4809:Order of St Patrick
4631:Mac William Ăochtar
4408:Flight of the Earls
4359:Lordship of Ireland
3748:Highland Clearances
3703:Flight of the Earls
3558:Cuchonnacht Maguire
3472:Treaty of Mellifont
3397:Flight of the Earls
3224:Jorge Maria O'Neill
3204:José Carlos O'Neill
3099:Hugh Boy II O'Neill
3094:Murtagh Roe O'Neill
2746:Flight of the Earls
2741:Treaty of Mellifont
2298:, pp. 108â109.
2121:Historical Research
2088:Historical Research
1555:, Sack of Bohermore
1490:Battle of Gibraltar
1471:Flight of the Earls
1455:Spanish Netherlands
1412:Treaty of Mellifont
1317:(then belonging to
1096:unsuccessful armada
945:â territory of the
793:
741:Flight of the Earls
737:Treaty of Mellifont
691:, sometimes called
381:William Fitzwilliam
209:Flight of the Earls
204:Treaty of Mellifont
6700:Ireland portal
6018:Skirts and kidneys
5524:List of High Kings
5443:Anglo-Irish Treaty
5383:First Great Famine
5368:Settlement of 1652
5340:Tyrone's Rebellion
5330:Desmond Rebellions
5219:Kingdom of Ireland
5061:Ireland portal
4839:Catholic Committee
4775:Peerage of Ireland
4583:Clann Aodha Buidhe
4517:Acts of Union 1800
4389:Desmond Rebellions
4317:Kingdom of Ireland
4247:Kingdom of Munster
4188:Comunn na GĂ idhlig
4158:Conradh na Gaeilge
3795:Lebor GabĂĄla Ărenn
3548:Cathbarr O'Donnell
3199:José Maria O'Neill
3174:John Bruce O'Neill
2934:Niall Ăg mac NĂ©ill
2888:Donnell Ăg O'Neill
2797:Domnall Ilchelgach
2761:O'Neill's Regiment
2736:Tyrone's Rebellion
2354:(Woodbridge, 2019)
2336:, and the sons of
2026:on 6 February 2011
1846:Elizabethan Ulster
1831:Tyrone's Rebellion
1305:
1297:
1269:Florence MacCarthy
1161:Munster Plantation
1153:Florence MacCarthy
1124:
1083:Philip II of Spain
1025:Hugh Roe O'Donnell
933:(territory of the
890:Philip II of Spain
884:, ammunition, and
858:Hugh Roe O'Donnell
804:
705:Hugh Roe O'Donnell
693:Tyrone's Rebellion
459:Earl of Clanricard
295:Hugh Roe O'Donnell
271:Kingdom of England
6790:O'Donnell dynasty
6707:
6706:
6685:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6092:
6091:
5983:Bacon and cabbage
5935:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5802:Foreign relations
5725:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5652:Notable buildings
5546:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5089:
5088:
4785:Church of Ireland
4647:Bréifne Uà Ruairc
4283:
4282:
4218:Haplogroup R-M269
4109:
4108:
4105:
4104:
3858:Gaelic folk music
3821:Gaelic literature
3615:
3614:
3603:
3482:Arthur Chichester
3462:Battle of Kinsale
3363:
3362:
3124:Niall Oge O'Neill
3109:Niall MĂłr O'Neill
2924:Ăed Remar O'Neill
2909:Niall Roe O'Neill
2770:Early progenitors
2664:Northern UĂ NĂ©ill
2533:The Boydell Press
2482:Richard Bagwell,
1807:978-1-907795-63-3
1767:978-0-85115-562-3
1728:978-3-319-59363-0
1617:Battle of Kinsale
1599:Battle of Lifford
1526:Battle of Belleek
1427:Brian Ăg O'Rourke
1360:Battle of Kinsale
1236:Arthur Chichester
1100:Anglo-Spanish War
1061:Battle of Belleek
1045:Sir Henry Bagenal
968:in the east, and
760:Eighty Years' War
682:
681:
525:
524:
439:Arthur Chichester
354:MartĂn de Padilla
231:
230:
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
6822:
6810:Tudor rebellions
6745:1600s in Ireland
6740:1590s in Ireland
6698:
6697:
6696:
6375:Tuatha DĂ© Danann
5963:
5954:
5941:
5876:Northern Ireland
5854:
5844:
5834:
5744:
5731:
5565:
5552:
5428:Home Rule crisis
5258:Northern Ireland
5171:
5158:
5145:Northern Ireland
5116:
5109:
5102:
5093:
5079:
5078:
5069:
5068:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5030:
5022:
5014:
5006:
4998:
4991:
4983:
4975:
4967:
4959:
4955:Richard Cromwell
4951:
4943:
4933:
4925:
4917:
4909:
4897:
4889:
4888:(1553; disputed)
4881:
4873:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4547:
4539:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4287:
4273:
4272:
4211:Related subjects
4198:Clans of Ireland
4148:BĂČrd na GĂ idhlig
4143:Foras na Gaeilge
4007:
3991:Medical families
3967:
3938:Classical Gaelic
3863:Sean-nĂłs singing
3806:Gaelic astrology
3789:Gaelic mythology
3698:Statutes of Iona
3642:
3635:
3628:
3619:
3601:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3367:
3353:
3352:
3144:Hugh Oge O'Neill
3069:Hugh Boy O'Neill
3004:Owen Roe O'Neill
2863:Domnall ua NĂ©ill
2719:O'Neill baronets
2714:Viscount O'Neill
2633:
2626:
2619:
2610:
2546:
2530:
2501:Steven G. Ellis
2478:
2467:
2455:
2436:
2417:
2399:
2397:
2386:
2373:
2327:
2317:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2256:(October 2009).
2250:
2244:
2243:
2224:(October 2009).
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2146:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2083:
2077:
2068:Carmody, James,
2066:
2060:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2025:
2019:. Archived from
2018:
2010:
2004:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1840:
1834:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1791:
1785:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1733:
1732:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1611:Siege of Donegal
1478:Treaty of London
1390:In 1602 O'Neill
1319:County Coleraine
1309:Siege of Kinsale
1252:Sir Robert Cecil
1193:Essex in Ireland
1120:County Roscommon
1076:River Blackwater
1057:Lower Lough Erne
1041:Ballymote Castle
733:siege of Kinsale
565:
561:
551:
544:
537:
528:
443:Irish loyalists:
426:
403:
393:
377:English leaders:
366:Pedro de Zubiaur
363:Alonso de Ocampo
350:Spanish leaders:
337:James Fitzthomas
332:
322:
305:
269:
267:
266:
256:
255:
245:
175:
174:
167:
143:
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
6830:
6829:
6825:
6824:
6823:
6821:
6820:
6819:
6800:1603 in Ireland
6795:1594 in Ireland
6785:O'Neill dynasty
6735:1600s conflicts
6730:1590s conflicts
6710:
6709:
6708:
6703:
6694:
6692:
6677:
6645:outside Ireland
6616:Historic houses
6584:
6565:Irish Wolfhound
6536:Brighid's Cross
6522:
6493:Gaelic handball
6488:Gaelic football
6459:
6430:Hiberno-Normans
6399:
6312:
6260:
6215:
6196:Hiberno-English
6182:
6127:
6088:
6042:
5948:
5927:
5870:
5852:
5842:
5832:
5773:
5764:Ulster loyalism
5738:
5717:
5635:
5559:
5538:
5497:
5423:Dublin lock-out
5359:Confederate War
5310:Norman invasion
5297:Battles of Tara
5285:
5241:1801–1923
5229:1691–1800
5224:1536–1691
5212:1169–1536
5165:
5152:
5128:
5120:
5090:
5085:
5055:
5053:
5043:
5041:
5033:
5028:
5020:
5012:
5004:
4996:
4989:
4981:
4973:
4965:
4957:
4949:
4947:Oliver Cromwell
4941:
4931:
4923:
4915:
4902:
4895:
4887:
4879:
4871:
4861:
4853:
4849:United Irishmen
4716:
4710:
4705:
4697:
4689:
4681:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4609:
4601:
4593:
4585:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4553:
4545:
4537:
4527:
4521:
4464:
4458:
4404:Nine Years' War
4351:
4345:
4319:
4314:
4284:
4279:
4261:
4206:
4193:Columba Project
4131:
4125:
4101:
4005:
3958:
3954:Scottish Gaelic
3917:Primitive Irish
3902:
3833:Scottish Gaelic
3767:
3693:Nine Years' War
3656:General history
3651:
3646:
3616:
3611:
3577:
3568:Tadhg Ă CianĂĄin
3543:Nuala O'Donnell
3506:
3467:Nine Years' War
3450:
3399:
3394:
3364:
3359:
3341:
3290:
3281:Tullyhogue Fort
3264:
3245:William Johnson
3237:
3231:
3169:Charles O'Neill
3059:
3053:
2969:Matthew O'Neill
2949:Art Oge O'Neill
2944:Donnell O'Neill
2919:Donnell O'Neill
2897:
2841:
2782:EĂłgan mac NĂ©ill
2765:
2704:Kings of Ulster
2684:Kings of Ailech
2642:
2640:O'Neill dynasty
2637:
2554:Pacata Hibernia
2543:
2519:
2505:(London, 1985)
2476:
2459:
2453:
2440:
2434:
2421:
2415:
2402:
2395:
2384:
2376:
2370:
2357:
2347:
2321:
2311:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2254:O'Byrne, Emmett
2252:
2251:
2247:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2173:S.J. Connolly,
2172:
2168:
2159:
2158:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2053:
2036:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2016:
2014:"Archived copy"
2012:
2011:
2007:
1996:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1931:History Ireland
1923:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1877:
1870:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1656:Nine Years' War
1637:
1623:Siege of Dunboy
1553:Siege of Galway
1521:
1519:List of battles
1494:Cahir O'Doherty
1447:
1388:
1368:siege of Dunboy
1311:
1289:
1281:Tower of London
1264:
1195:
1189:
1171:inhabitants of
1149:Earl of Desmond
1108:
1091:Archduke Albert
1063:on 10 October.
1010:
902:
819:Baron Dungannon
796:
768:
756:Elizabethan era
723:(1595) and the
689:Nine Years' War
685:
684:
683:
678:
669:
590:Blackwater Fort
566:
563:
560:Nine Years' War
559:
557:
555:
500:
461:
457:
455:Cahir O'Doherty
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
418:
414:
410:
408:William Russell
406:
395:
389:
383:
379:
368:
364:
362:
360:
358:Juan del Ăguila
356:
352:
348:
347:
343:
339:
335:
326:Richard Tyrrell
324:
318:
312:
308:
297:
293:
289:
264:
262:
250:
249:
223:
217:rule in ireland
212:
207:
202:
201:English victory
193:
168:
146:Nine Years' War
133:
122:
116:
113:
70:
68:
58:
46:
35:
32:Nine Years' War
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6828:
6826:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6712:
6711:
6705:
6704:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6656:
6647:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6611:Heritage Sites
6608:
6603:
6598:
6592:
6590:
6586:
6585:
6583:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6567:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6550:
6545:
6538:
6532:
6530:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6469:
6467:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6435:Irish diaspora
6432:
6427:
6426:
6425:
6423:Gaelic Ireland
6415:
6409:
6407:
6401:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6392:
6385:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6357:
6350:
6349:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6322:
6320:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6294:
6293:
6283:
6276:
6270:
6268:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6236:
6231:
6225:
6223:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6192:
6190:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6175:
6166:
6164:Rose of Tralee
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6135:
6133:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6108:
6102:
6100:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6086:
6081:
6076:
6071:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6050:
6048:
6044:
6043:
6041:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5973:List of dishes
5969:
5967:
5960:
5950:
5949:
5944:
5937:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5914:
5913:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5892:
5891:
5889:D'Hondt method
5880:
5878:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5863:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5850:Seanad Ăireann
5846:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5783:
5781:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5750:
5748:
5740:
5739:
5734:
5727:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5643:
5641:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5633:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5590:Extreme points
5587:
5582:
5580:Climate change
5577:
5571:
5569:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5505:
5503:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5398:1803 Rebellion
5395:
5390:
5388:1798 Rebellion
5385:
5380:
5375:
5373:Williamite War
5370:
5361:
5355:1641 Rebellion
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5335:Spanish Armada
5332:
5327:
5325:Tudor conquest
5322:
5317:
5315:Bruce campaign
5312:
5307:
5293:
5291:
5287:
5286:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5261:
5260:(1921âpresent)
5255:
5250:
5248:Irish Republic
5245:
5244:
5243:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5209:
5207:800–1169
5198:Gaelic Ireland
5195:
5190:
5185:
5179:
5177:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5142:
5133:
5130:
5129:
5121:
5119:
5118:
5111:
5104:
5096:
5087:
5086:
5084:
5083:
5073:
5063:
5051:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5031:
5023:
5015:
5007:
4999:
4984:
4976:
4968:
4960:
4952:
4944:
4934:
4926:
4918:
4910:
4890:
4885:Lady Jane Grey
4882:
4874:
4865:
4863:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4829:Irish Patriots
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4745:
4740:
4726:
4720:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4636:
4628:
4620:
4612:
4604:
4596:
4588:
4580:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4540:
4531:
4529:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4468:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4454:United Kingdom
4451:
4446:
4436:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4401:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4364:British Empire
4361:
4355:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4290:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4230:
4225:
4222:human genetics
4214:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4153:Culture Vannin
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4133:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4076:
4071:
4053:
4048:
4038:
4015:
4013:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3979:Royal families
3975:
3973:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3912:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3883:Highland games
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3848:Insular script
3845:
3840:
3818:
3813:
3811:Gaelic kinship
3808:
3803:
3801:Gaelic warfare
3798:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3775:
3773:
3772:Gaelic culture
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3753:Gaelic Revival
3750:
3745:
3743:Irish diaspora
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3713:1641 Rebellion
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3678:Irish kingdoms
3675:
3670:
3665:
3663:Gaelic Ireland
3659:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3622:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3563:Donagh OâBrien
3560:
3555:
3553:Rosa O'Doherty
3550:
3545:
3540:
3538:Hugh O'Donnell
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3370:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3260:Arturo O'Neill
3257:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3194:Carlos O'Neill
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3154:Daniel O'Neill
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3049:Arthur O'Neill
3046:
3041:
3039:Gordon O'Neill
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2849:
2847:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2822:Niall Frossach
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2709:Earl of Tyrone
2706:
2701:
2696:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2560:
2557:
2550:
2547:
2541:
2517:
2514:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2457:
2451:
2438:
2432:
2419:
2413:
2400:
2374:
2368:
2355:
2350:Ruth Canning,
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2319:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2288:
2276:
2245:
2213:
2188:
2179:
2166:
2147:
2138:
2111:
2105:
2078:
2061:
2051:
2005:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1916:
1904:
1892:
1852:
1835:
1829:Hiram Morgan,
1822:
1813:
1806:
1786:
1773:
1766:
1746:
1734:
1727:
1707:
1695:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1641:Grace O'Malley
1636:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1520:
1517:
1482:Stuart dynasty
1446:
1443:
1439:Henry Folliott
1435:Tadhg O'Rourke
1404:Rory O'Donnell
1387:
1386:End of the War
1384:
1307:Main article:
1288:
1285:
1263:
1260:
1191:Main article:
1188:
1185:
1165:Edmund Spenser
1107:
1104:
1033:County Donegal
1029:Captain Willis
1009:
1008:War breaks out
1006:
901:
898:
827:Earl of Tyrone
795:
792:
767:
764:
745:Gaelic Ireland
731:allies in the
680:
679:
674:
671:
670:
668:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
571:
568:
567:
556:
554:
553:
546:
539:
531:
523:
522:
516:
515:
512:
508:
507:
503:
502:
497:
496:
495:
492:
486:
473:
472:
468:
467:
451:Donogh O'Brien
420:Thomas Norreys
374:
361:Diego Brochero
310:Brian O'Rourke
283:
282:
278:
277:
260:
247:Irish alliance
238:
237:
233:
232:
229:
228:
225:
219:
218:
199:
195:
194:
189:
187:
183:
182:
179:
171:
170:
160:
159:
148:
147:
141:
140:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6827:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6702:
6701:
6688:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6668:Public houses
6666:
6664:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6566:
6563:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6543:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6533:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6462:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6420:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6402:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6315:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6292:
6289:
6288:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6222:
6218:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6185:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6051:
6049:
6045:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5942:
5938:
5924:
5923:Peace process
5921:
5919:
5916:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5882:
5881:
5879:
5877:
5873:
5867:
5864:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5853:(upper house)
5851:
5847:
5845:
5843:(lower house)
5841:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5780:
5776:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5759:Republicanism
5757:
5755:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5732:
5728:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5632:
5628:
5625:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5553:
5549:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5500:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5473:Peace process
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5453:The Emergency
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5433:Easter Rising
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5418:Fenian Rising
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5288:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5193:Early history
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5159:
5155:
5149:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5131:
5127:
5124:
5117:
5112:
5110:
5105:
5103:
5098:
5097:
5094:
5082:
5074:
5072:
5064:
5062:
5052:
5050:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5027:
5024:
5019:
5016:
5011:
5008:
5003:
5000:
4995:
4988:
4985:
4980:
4977:
4972:
4969:
4964:
4961:
4956:
4953:
4948:
4945:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4930:
4927:
4922:
4919:
4914:
4911:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4894:
4891:
4886:
4883:
4878:
4875:
4870:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4860:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4713:
4704:
4701:
4696:
4693:
4688:
4685:
4680:
4677:
4672:
4669:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4653:
4648:
4645:
4640:
4637:
4632:
4629:
4624:
4621:
4616:
4613:
4608:
4605:
4600:
4597:
4592:
4589:
4584:
4581:
4576:
4573:
4568:
4565:
4560:
4557:
4552:
4549:
4544:
4541:
4536:
4535:Tuadhmhumhain
4533:
4532:
4530:
4524:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4472:Poynings' Law
4470:
4469:
4467:
4461:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4348:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4306:
4304:
4299:
4297:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4276:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4258:
4257:Gaelicisation
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4132:organisations
4128:
4120:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3965:
3961:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:Bardic poetry
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3763:GĂ idhealtachd
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
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3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:Shane O'Neill
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3498:
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3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
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3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3276:County Tyrone
3274:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3234:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3179:Felix O'Neill
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3079:Henry O'Neill
3077:
3075:
3074:Brian O'Neill
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2989:Shane O'Neill
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2974:Brian O'Neill
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2964:Shane O'Neill
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Brian O'Neill
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2853:Niall GlĂșndub
2851:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2837:Ăed Findliath
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:Ăed Uaridnach
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2669:Cenél nEógain
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2574:0-09-477220-7
2571:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2542:0-86193-224-2
2538:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2522:
2521:Morgan, Hiram
2518:
2515:
2512:
2511:0-582-49341-2
2508:
2504:
2503:Tudor Ireland
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2475:0-19-820091-9
2471:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2454:
2452:0-85527-034-9
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2433:0-86281-212-7
2429:
2425:
2424:Irish Battles
2420:
2416:
2414:0-312-12462-7
2410:
2406:
2401:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2379:
2378:Morgan, Hiram
2375:
2371:
2369:9781846827549
2365:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2297:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2277:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2222:Morgan, Hiram
2217:
2214:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2127:(85): 1â23 .
2126:
2122:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2094:(85): 1â23 .
2093:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2022:
2015:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1920:
1917:
1914:, p. 21.
1913:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1867:
1863:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1847:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1750:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1708:
1705:, p. 16.
1704:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1687:
1684:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1488:fleet in the
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1301:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1246:, and of the
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1228:Lord Mountjoy
1225:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:MacCarthy MĂłr
1154:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1128:Dublin Castle
1121:
1117:
1112:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1002:County Antrim
999:
995:
991:
987:
986:Belfast Lough
983:
982:Carrickfergus
978:
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
919:
916:
912:
908:
907:Henry Bagenal
899:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
835:Shane O'Neill
832:
831:English Crown
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
800:
791:
789:
788:Protestantism
785:
781:
777:
773:
765:
763:
761:
757:
752:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
677:
672:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
615:Deputy's Pass
613:
611:
608:
606:
605:Carrickfergus
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
569:
562:
552:
547:
545:
540:
538:
533:
532:
529:
521:
517:
513:
510:
509:
504:
498:
493:
491:
487:
484:
480:
479:
478:
475:
474:
469:
466:
465:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
421:
417:
413:
409:
404:
398:
394:
392:
386:
385:Henry Bagenal
382:
378:
375:
373:
372:
367:
359:
355:
351:
346:
342:
338:
333:
327:
323:
321:
315:
311:
306:
300:
296:
292:
288:
285:
284:
279:
276:
272:
261:
259:
254:
248:
244:
240:
239:
234:
226:
221:
220:
216:
210:
205:
200:
197:
196:
192:
188:
185:
184:
180:
177:
176:
172:
166:
161:
158:
154:
149:
144:
139:
131:
128:
120:
117:November 2021
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: â
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
6691:
6661: /
6652: /
6643: /
6621:Homelessness
6540:
6508:Road bowling
6503:Martial arts
6450:Ulster Scots
6387:
6380:
6373:
6366:
6359:
6352:
6331:Mythological
6278:
6238:
6211:Ulster Scots
6171: /
6110:
6038:Three-in-One
5849:
5840:DĂĄil Ăireann
5839:
5829:
5787:Constitution
5676: /
5647:Architecture
5629: /
5502:Other topics
5483:Celtic Tiger
5468:The Troubles
5366: /
5357: /
5339:
5303: /
5299: /
5200: /
5188:Protohistory
4963:Commonwealth
4962:
4938:Commonwealth
4936:
4903:
4844:Orange Order
4764:Common Pleas
4752:King's Bench
4663:TĂr Chonaill
4623:Deasmhumhain
4607:Iar Connacht
4403:
4241:Clan MacLeod
4183:ULTACH Trust
4064:Corcu LoĂgde
3936:
3931:Middle Irish
3929:
3922:
3915:
3878:Gaelic games
3829:Modern Irish
3793:
3738:Great Hunger
3692:
3594:Conn O'Neill
3466:
3250:John Johnson
3189:JoĂŁo O'Neill
3184:Conn Ă NĂ©ill
3164:John O'Neill
3159:Rose O'Neill
3149:Neil O'Neill
3114:Hugh O'Neill
3104:Conn O'Neill
2984:Conn O'Neill
2979:Hugh O'Neill
2954:Conn O'Neill
2832:Niall Caille
2827:Ăed Oirdnide
2723:
2582:
2565:
2553:
2526:
2502:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2463:
2442:
2423:
2404:
2388:
2359:
2351:
2322:
2312:
2296:O'Neill 2017
2291:
2279:
2267:. Retrieved
2261:
2248:
2229:
2216:
2204:. Retrieved
2200:
2191:
2182:
2174:
2169:
2141:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2073:
2064:
2054:
2028:. Retrieved
2021:the original
2008:
1999:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1952:cite journal
1940:. Retrieved
1935:
1929:
1919:
1912:O'Neill 2017
1907:
1895:
1869:. Retrieved
1865:
1855:
1845:
1838:
1830:
1825:
1816:
1796:
1789:
1781:
1776:
1756:
1749:
1721:. Springer.
1717:
1710:
1703:O'Neill 2017
1698:
1686:
1666:Tudor period
1510:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1448:
1423:West Breifne
1420:
1389:
1376:
1372:George Carew
1364:
1357:
1346:
1335:
1331:
1323:Henry Docwra
1312:
1277:
1273:
1267:a pact with
1265:
1240:
1232:George Carew
1220:
1196:
1181:Castle Maine
1169:
1145:
1125:
1080:
1065:
1022:
1014:Hugh Maguire
1011:
979:
959:
939:East Breifne
920:
903:
873:
865:
855:
807:Hugh O'Neill
805:
790:in Ireland.
769:
753:
697:Hugh O'Neill
692:
688:
686:
676:Participants
620:Cahir Castle
580:Enniskillen
558:
519:
476:
464:full list...
463:
442:
435:Henry Docwra
431:George Carew
397:John Norreys
390:
376:
371:full list...
370:
349:
319:
299:Hugh Maguire
291:Hugh O'Neill
287:Irish lords:
286:
236:Belligerents
151:Part of the
138:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
6641:Place names
6518:Rugby union
6413:Anglo-Irish
6298:Instruments
6154:The Twelfth
6118:Set dancing
5918:LGBT rights
5824:LGBT rights
5754:Nationalism
5320:Black Death
5081:WikiProject
5029:(1760â1800)
5021:(1727â1760)
5013:(1714â1727)
5005:(1702â1714)
4997:(1689â1694)
4990:(1689â1702)
4987:William III
4982:(1685â1691)
4974:(1660â1685)
4966:(1659â1660)
4958:(1658â1659)
4950:(1653â1658)
4942:(1649â1653)
4932:(1625â1649)
4924:(1603â1625)
4916:(1558â1603)
4913:Elizabeth I
4908:(1554â1558)
4905:jure uxoris
4896:(1553â1558)
4880:(1547â1553)
4872:(1542â1547)
4748:Four Courts
4717:and society
4679:Fear Manach
4671:TĂr Eoghain
4575:UĂ DĂarmata
4559:Clanricarde
4374:New English
4233:NorseâGaels
4083:DĂĄl nAraidi
4068:DĂĄl Fiatach
4041:Dalcassians
4031:Clan Donald
3843:Gaelic type
3825:Early Irish
3487:John Davies
3255:Guy Johnson
3238:of the Fews
2902:O'Neill Roe
2563:Cyril Falls
2284:Lennon 1995
2201:celt.ucc.ie
1900:Morgan 2013
1691:Morgan 1993
1459:bankrupting
1416:Elizabeth I
1408:Tir Eoghain
1396:Tullaghogue
1177:Old English
1116:Curlew Pass
1068:Elizabeth I
990:Lough Neagh
894:Catholicism
811:TĂr Eoghain
650:Castlehaven
625:Curlew Pass
610:Yellow Ford
222:Territorial
6714:Categories
6542:ClĂĄirseach
6445:Travellers
6303:Rock music
6286:Folk music
6221:Literature
6023:Soda bread
5906:Government
5833:parliament
5830:Oireachtas
5807:Government
5747:Ideologies
5378:Penal Laws
5269:since 1922
5183:Prehistory
5026:George III
4971:Charles II
4869:Henry VIII
4862:and rulers
4789:Ascendancy
4687:UĂ CathĂĄin
4591:Magh Luirg
4567:UĂ Failghe
4507:Popery Act
4502:Penal Laws
4465:Parliament
4443:Wild Geese
4433:Barbadosed
4352:and events
4051:EĂłganachta
4027:Clan Colla
3784:Brehon law
3733:Penal Laws
3723:Jacobitism
3602:(pregnant)
3411:Rathmullan
3302:McLaughlin
3061:Clandeboye
2883:Aodh MĂ©ith
2699:Clandeboye
2531:. London:
2391:. Madrid.
2206:9 November
2030:6 February
1673:References
1053:River Erne
994:river Bann
935:O'Farrells
709:Tyrconnell
630:Moyry Pass
595:Clontibret
87:newspapers
6673:Squatting
6389:Fomorians
6318:Mythology
6188:Languages
6173:Halloween
6149:Bealtaine
6132:Festivals
6123:Stepdance
6028:Spice Bag
6013:Irish fry
6003:Colcannon
5978:Barmbrack
5901:Education
5859:President
5797:Education
5713:Transport
5688:Provinces
5610:Mountains
5585:Coastline
5557:Geography
5448:Civil War
5403:Tithe War
5018:George II
4929:Charles I
4877:Edward VI
4834:Defenders
4814:Jacobites
4793:Recusancy
4756:Exchequer
4703:UĂ MhĂĄine
4655:Cairbrigh
4599:AirgĂalla
4543:UĂ Echach
4528:conquests
4178:Gael Linn
4091:CĂarraige
4087:Conmaicne
4060:DĂĄl Riata
4035:UĂ MhĂĄine
4019:Connachta
4001:Genealogy
3924:Old Irish
3758:Gaeltacht
3683:DĂĄl Riata
3312:McSweeney
3286:Dungannon
2654:Connachta
2306:Footnotes
1942:16 August
1871:16 August
1678:Citations
1445:Aftermath
1216:dysentery
1197:In 1599,
1037:Fermanagh
1023:In 1592,
1018:Fermanagh
998:the Route
984:north of
955:O'Donnell
947:O'Reillys
862:Redshanks
784:Catholics
711:âagainst
665:Dungannon
564:(Ireland)
488:9,000 in
481:8,000 in
275:loyalists
6631:Monastic
6596:Calendar
6580:Shamrock
6575:Red Hand
6513:Rounders
6178:Wren Day
6112:Sean-nĂłs
6064:Guinness
6008:Drisheen
5884:Assembly
5866:Taxation
5769:Unionism
5736:Politics
5669:Counties
5413:Land War
5305:Clontarf
5301:Glenmama
5175:Timeline
5071:Category
5010:George I
4979:James II
4859:Monarchs
4760:Chancery
4715:Politics
4463:Acts of
4275:Category
4237:UĂ Ămair
4114:Scottish
4023:UĂ NĂ©ill
3996:Nobility
3908:Language
3582:Remained
3416:A Coruña
3355:Category
3337:MacManus
3327:MacNamee
2673:Branches
2659:UĂ NĂ©ill
2523:(1993).
2498:(London)
2393:Archived
2330:UĂ NĂ©ill
2269:15 April
2040:cite web
1881:cite web
1635:See also
1500:when he
1321:) under
1173:the Pale
1000:(modern
992:and the
974:O'Connor
931:Longford
923:Monaghan
915:sheriffs
876:) under
874:buanadha
843:the Pale
839:tanistry
776:the Pale
471:Strength
186:Location
155:and the
6601:Castles
6528:Symbols
6498:Hurling
6483:Camogie
6382:Firbolg
6368:Immrama
6361:Echtrai
6291:session
6274:Ballads
6251:Theatre
6240:Gaeilge
6234:Fiction
6169:Samhain
6084:Whiskey
5958:Cuisine
5946:Culture
5896:Economy
5792:Economy
5600:Islands
5575:Climate
5568:Natural
5163:History
5123:Ireland
4994:Mary II
4921:James I
4615:Umhaill
4350:General
4324:History
4235:(incl.
4130:Related
4081:(incl.
4058:(incl.
4043:(incl.
4021:(incl.
3455:General
3441:Ravenna
3404:Journey
3322:MacNeil
3295:Kinsmen
3236:O'Neill
3058:O'Neill
2846:O'Neill
2647:General
2345:Sources
2314:^Note 1
1627:1602 â
1621:1602 â
1615:1601 â
1609:1601 â
1603:1601 â
1597:1600 â
1591:1600 â
1585:1599 â
1579:1599 â
1573:1599 â
1567:1598 â
1561:1597 â
1551:1596 â
1542:1595 â
1536:1594 â
1530:1594 â
1524:1593 â
1451:James I
1349:Kinsale
1256:Ewtopia
1212:typhoid
1155:as the
1087:vassals
1049:O'Neill
951:O'Neill
882:muskets
878:leaders
866:uirithe
829:by the
729:Spanish
645:Kinsale
640:Donegal
635:Lifford
575:Belleek
490:Munster
422: (
399: (
391:†
328: (
320:†
301: (
224:changes
213:End of
191:Ireland
101:scholar
6606:Cinema
6405:People
6354:Aos SĂ
6341:Ulster
6336:Fenian
6326:Cycles
6256:Triads
6246:Poetry
6229:Annals
6206:Shelta
6159:LĂșnasa
6139:Imbolc
6074:PoitĂn
6054:Coffee
6047:Drinks
5998:Coddle
5664:Cities
5615:Rivers
5605:Loughs
5290:Events
5148:topics
5140:topics
5126:topics
4992:&
4900:Philip
4898:&
4893:Mary I
4824:Tories
4791:&
4706:(1611)
4698:(1607)
4690:(1607)
4682:(1607)
4674:(1607)
4666:(1607)
4658:(1606)
4650:(1605)
4642:(1603)
4639:Laigin
4634:(1602)
4626:(1596)
4618:(1593)
4610:(1589)
4602:(1585)
4594:(1585)
4586:(1574)
4578:(1574)
4570:(1550)
4562:(1544)
4554:(1543)
4551:LoĂgis
4546:(1543)
4538:(1543)
4526:Gaelic
4398:Ulster
4097:Ulster
4089:, and
4074:Laigin
4070:, etc)
4056:Ărainn
4037:, etc)
3873:Am MĂČd
3853:FĂĄinne
3835:&
3511:Exiles
3431:Colmar
3426:Leuven
3332:Conway
3317:Devlin
3307:Barron
3269:Places
2689:Tyrone
2572:
2539:
2509:
2472:
2449:
2430:
2411:
2366:
2338:Banbha
2002:, 1994
1804:
1764:
1725:
1400:Famine
1224:putsch
1141:Armagh
962:Ulster
937:) and
815:Ulster
766:Causes
701:Tyrone
660:Dursey
655:Dunboy
483:Ulster
387:
316:
268:
215:Gaelic
211:(1607)
206:(1603)
198:Result
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
6636:Names
6589:Other
6553:Flags
6465:Sport
6418:Gaels
6346:Kings
6280:CĂ©ilĂ
6266:Music
6201:Irish
6098:Dance
6059:Cream
5993:Champ
5988:Boxty
5911:local
5812:local
5698:Towns
5683:Ports
5640:Human
5595:Fauna
4819:Whigs
4228:Celts
4079:Ulaid
4045:DĂ©isi
3984:Kings
3971:Irish
3963:Clans
3944:Irish
3888:TĂșath
3779:Ogham
3649:Gaels
3436:Milan
2693:Kings
2396:(PDF)
2385:(PDF)
2024:(PDF)
2017:(PDF)
1866:H-Net
1486:Dutch
1342:Newry
1340:near
1315:Derry
1204:Sligo
970:Sligo
966:Newry
943:Cavan
911:Newry
886:pikes
856:From
780:septs
258:Spain
108:JSTOR
94:books
6455:Yola
6069:Mist
6033:Stew
5966:Food
5620:list
5002:Anne
4780:Army
4762:and
4735:and
4239:and
4119:List
4011:List
3949:Manx
3837:Manx
3688:Alba
3446:Rome
2570:ISBN
2537:ISBN
2507:ISBN
2470:ISBN
2447:ISBN
2428:ISBN
2409:ISBN
2364:ISBN
2271:2024
2208:2018
2046:link
2032:2011
1958:link
1944:2024
1887:link
1873:2024
1802:ISBN
1762:ISBN
1723:ISBN
1379:Rory
1353:Cork
1244:earl
1234:and
1214:and
1151:and
953:and
927:sept
870:Kern
703:and
687:The
273:and
178:Date
80:news
6106:Jig
6079:Tea
5819:Law
2236:doi
2129:doi
2096:doi
1938:(2)
1370:by
1258:".
1004:).
707:of
699:of
425:DOW
402:DOW
331:POW
304:DOW
63:by
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4758:,
4754:,
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4066:,
4062:,
4033:,
4029:,
4025:,
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2324:^2
2260:.
2234:.
2228:.
2199:.
2150:^
2125:32
2123:.
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2090:.
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2042:}}
2038:{{
1954:}}
1950:{{
1936:23
1934:.
1928:.
1883:}}
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2340:.
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2102:.
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1960:)
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1770:.
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