Ninja - Knowledge (XXG)

2258:; Professor Yuji Yamada and Associate Professor Yuya Yoshimaru of the Faculty of Humanities of Mie university; and Toshitsune Watanabe, former chairman of the Koga Ninjutsu Research Association. The symposium discussed about the allegedy rivalry about the two most famous ninja groups based in Iga and Kōka. It was though that the reason of perceived rivalries between them due to the Iga ninja mostly known for their service to the Tokugawa clan, while the Kōka due to their service to the Toyotomi clan. The battles between two groups has been fictionalized and dramatized by modern media and entertainments, such as Yamada Futaro's novel "Koga Ninpocho," published in 1959. Ikeda Yutaka, a senior ninja at the Iga Ninja Research Group, who organized the symposium, said that the Iga and Koga ninja were actually allied and sometimes started uprisings. He further added that there were also many marriages between the two groups, and the Hattori family name, which represents Iga, is also found in many Koga families. 2172: 1973: 994: 753: 2218: 44: 1530: 2304:). There are approximately 3 student enrollments per year. Students must pass an admission test about Japanese history and be able to read historical ninja documents. Scientific researchers and scholars of different disciplines study ancient documents and how it can be used in the modern world. Another medieval document that Mie professor Tatsuo Fujita is paying attention to is the "Koka-gun Magistrate-General and Iga Magistrate-General Rensho Kishomon" from 1573 (the first year of the Tensho era). 2508: 810: 2618: 1035: 2820: 415: 2832: 2786: 1614: 562: 2639: 2669: 2752: 2654: 2769: 2701: 2718: 2684: 2860: 2735: 193: 2803: 6617: 620:, demands for such unconventional operations increased. Meanwhile, Turnbull also stated there is no evidence to prove that Ninja were actively employed as professional assassins and it could be argued that they were just hired bandits. Modern historian Tatsuo Fujita opined that, based on the historical texts in 16th century by Naito Munekatsu, vassal of the 1165: 1436:(possibly Kirigakure Shikaemon) attempted to assassinate Hideyoshi with a spear, but was unsuccessful, as his attempt was foiled by a ninja worked under the command of Hideyoshi who smoked his place. However, the reliability of this story was considered fictional publications as it was the same publisher which depicted Saizō as one of the legendary 964: 1142:, which was owned by Rokkaku Yoshitaka, who was also the employer of Iga Ninja previously. However, those ninja agents refused to take orders and threatened to desert the operation if they were not allowed to conduct the operation in their own way. The fire was eventually set, allowing Nagamasa's army to capture the castle. 624:, ninja warriors were actually feared as mercenaries who were proficient in the castle siege warfare. Buildings were constructed with traps and trip wires attached to alarm bells to prevent enemy ninja infiltrations. In battle, the ninja were also used to cause confusion amongst the enemy. A degree of 2319:

released the copy of "Kanrinseiyo", the source of a ninjitsu art record called "Bansenshukai" from 1676 which was found Kazuraki Shrine warehouse. The copy was produced in 1748. The book describes 48 types of ninjutsu. It contains information about some ninjitsu techniques such as attaching layers of

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In 2020, the 45-year-old Genichi Mitsuhashi was the first student to graduate from the master course of ninja studies at Mie University. For 2 years he studied historical records and the traditions of the martial art. Similar to the original ninja, by day he was a farmer and grew vegetables while he

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secret police institution whose members hailed from the confederation warriors of Koka and Iga areas. It has been argued that the circulation of the myth about Hattori Hanzō ninja army helping Ieyasu were created as propaganda to increase the prestige of Iga and Koka clan confederations in Tokugawa

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castle—volunteered despite being warned that chances of survival were slim. A volley of shots was fired into the sky, causing the defenders to extinguish the castle lights in preparation. Under the cloak of darkness, ninja disguised as defenders infiltrated the castle, capturing a banner of the

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The local Koka-Ikki ninjas and Iga-Ikki ninjas under Hanzo who helped leyasu to travel to safety consisted of three hundred Ninjas. Furthermore, Uejima Hidetomo, a researcher of Iga Ninja history, has stated there is research which revealed that Hattori Yasuji, one of the ninjas who accompanied

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as evidence that ninja were not simple mercenaries because texts contained not only information on combat training, but also information about daily needs, which even included mining techniques. The guidance provided for daily work also included elements that enable the ninja to understand the

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asserts that the ninja were mostly recruited from the lower class, and therefore little literary interest was taken in them. The social origin of the ninja is seen as the reason they agree to operate in secret, trading their service for money without honor and glory. The scarcity of historical

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In 2016, on December Iga city Mayor Sakae Okamoto, who is also a collector of local materials, discovered a catalog sent to him by a used bookstore in Kyoto. It was purchased with city funds, and designated a city cultural property in March of this year. This is a written pledge made when 10

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ordered a raid on the castle's provisions. Here, the Kōga captured bags of enemy provisions, and infiltrated the castle by night, obtaining secret passwords. Days later, Nobutsuna ordered an intelligence gathering mission to determine the castle's supplies. Several Kōga ninja—some apparently

1510:, heir of Naomasa who also given control of Ii clan's Red Demons ninja squad after Naomasa died. Later in 1615, during the summer phase of Osaka siege, The Ii clan Red Demons ninjas led by Miura Yo'emon, Shimotani Sanzo, Okuda Kasa'emon, and Saga Kita'emon saw action once again during the 2253:

In 2015 report, a "Ninja Symposium" held in Iga City which involved forefront researchers of ninja and ninjutsu history, including Atsumi Nakajima, chairman of the Koryu Martial Arts Association; Jinichi Kawakami, the 21st head of the Koga Party and a professor of social cooperation at

1383:. The attacks from Ochimusha-gari finally ended as they reached the former territory of the Kōka ikki, who were friendly to the Tokugawa clan. The Koka ninja assisted the Tokugawa escort group in eliminating the threats of Ochimusha-gari outlaws, then escorting them until they reached 607:

stated that the Iga and Kōka ninja usually infiltrated enemy castles. Turnbull further added that Ninja gained notability as hired mercenaries during the 15th century to use many asymmetrical warfare tactics such as scouting operations, raiding operations, arson, and even

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We dispersed spies who were prepared to die inside Hara castle. ... those who went on the reconnaissance in force captured an enemy flag; both Arakawa Shichirobei and Mochizuki Yo'emon met extreme resistance and suffered from their serious wounds for 40

506:. Physical training involved long-distance runs, climbing, and stealth methods of walking. Training in techniques of disguise was also taught. Some evidence of medical training can be derived from one account, where an Iga ninja provided medical attention to 5415: 1995:(13th–14th centuries): a youth whose exiled father was ordered to death by the monk Homma Saburō. Kumakawa took his revenge by sneaking into Homma's room while he was asleep, and assassinating him with his own sword. He was son of a high counselor to 364:, which focus mainly on the aristocratic samurai, whose deeds were apparently more appealing to the audience. Historian Kiyoshi Watatani states that the ninja were trained to be particularly secretive about their actions and existence: 1131:) belongs to the enemy clan, and recreated replica lanterns with the similar crest. By wielding these lanterns, they were allowed to enter the castle by the guards. As they entered the castle, they immediately set fire to the castle. 2249:

said the flat throwing stones were used to prevent the chasing enemies from moving. The clay caltrops also believed could stop the besieging enemies. These weapons were hastily constructed yet effective and used by a squad of ninja.

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to fly and warfare to drop bombs from the sky also became another subject of legends. Turnbull suggests that kites lifting a man into midair might have been technically feasible, but states that the use of kites to form a human

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as their weapon of choice, which was carried on the back. The scabbard of the katana sword of a ninja could be extended out of the sword and used as a long probing device. The sword could also be used to scale a wall, using

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Many famous people in Japanese history have been associated or identified as ninja, but their status as ninja is difficult to prove and may be the product of later imagination. Rumors surrounding famous warriors, such as

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was the chief role of the ninja. With the aid of disguises, the ninja gathered information on enemy terrain and building specifications as well as obtaining passwords and communiques. The aforementioned supplement to the

5659: 1695:(domain), or change their profession. Many lords still hired ninja, not for battle but as bodyguards or spies. Their duties included spying on other domains, guarding the daimyō, and fire patrol. A few domains like 1093:

temple— describes a sabotaging operation in which an Iga ninja squad entered Kasagi castle in secret and set fire to a few of the priests' quarters. They also set fire to outbuildings in various places inside the

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Takino Jurobei (16th century): The commander of some of the final resistance against Oda Nobunaga in his invasion of Iga. Momochi Sandayu, Fujibayashi Nagato no Kami, and Hattori Hanzō served as his officers.

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books described specifically what tactics ninja should use to fight, and the scenarios in which a ninja might find themselves can be deduced from those tactics. For example, in the manuscript of volume 2 of

1502:. Takatora brought the Musokunin auxiliaries from Iga province to besiege the Osaka castle during the winter phase. Meanwhile the ninja units of Iga province were deployed under several commanders such as 2075:

Momochi Sandayū (16th century): a leader of the Iga ninja clans, who supposedly perished during Oda Nobunaga's attack on Iga province. There is some belief that he escaped death and lived as a farmer in

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Ninjas. Aside from Ninjas, he also employs local clans of Iga province as "Musokunin", which is a class of part time Samurai who has been allowed to retain their clan name but does not own any land or

590:, military historian Hanawa Hokinoichi writes of the ninja that they travelled in disguise into foreign territories to scout enemy forces, set enemy castles on fire, and carry out assassinations using 643:

techniques recorded in scrolls and manuals revolve around ways to avoid detection and methods of escape. These techniques were loosely grouped under corresponding natural elements. Some examples are:

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representatives each from the Iga Sokoku Ikki and Koka Gunchuso, autonomous organizations of the Iga and Koka clans which gathered together to jointly adjudicate on the right to use the common land.

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who has been displaced by war. They formed self-defense forces which operates outside the law, while in actuality they often resorted to hunt samurais or soldiers who has been defeated in wars.

1485:. The domain at first worth of to the 220,000, then grow further in productivity to the total revenue of 320,000 koku under Takatora governance. It was reported that Tōdō Takatora employs the 6600: 1657:

and grass. This desperation would mount to futile charges by the rebels, where they were eventually defeated by the shogunate army. The Kōga would later take part in conquering the castle:

6635: 4444:..; Nihon Yoso-kai Annual Report", Japanese historical materials also show that Ieyasu distributed a large amount of gold and silver to his subordinates) A certain " Ishikawa Tadashi Sosho 4274:

What we can conclude from the writing is that it was already well-known among people in the end of Sengoku period that sneaking and making night attacks were Ninja's favorite tactics.

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to walk on water. This footwear distributed the wearer's weight over the shoes' wide bottom surface, allowing the wearer to walk on the surface of water. The name of this equipment

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from bamboo, how to make footwear that makes no sound, fighting techniques when surrounded by many enemies, precautions when using swords at night, how to listen to small sounds,

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cotton to the bottom of straw sandals to prevent noise when sneaking, self defense when surrounded by multiple opponents, throwing charred powder to hide one's presence, and

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in an effort to spread rumors and misinformation to weaken the enemy forces internally. Later On the Osaka battles, these hired ninja fought alongside regular troops at the

2246: 806:(jackets) made with armour hidden between layers of cloth. Shin and arm guards along with metal-reinforced hoods are also speculated to have made up the ninja's armor. 1213:

The clans of Iga and Kōla became professionals which specifically trained for the asymmetrical warfare tactics of the ninja. These ninja mercenary were often hired by

2499:). From ancient Japan to the modern world media, popular depictions range from the realistic to the fantastically exaggerated, both fundamentally and aesthetically. 1514:, as they were reportedly fought together with the Tokugawa regular army storming on the south gate of Osaka castle. In 1614, the initial "winter campaign" at the 4019: 831:, featuring spikes at both ends to anchor the ladder. Spiked or hooked climbing gear worn on the hands and feet also doubled as weapons. Other implements include 2332:

Many ubiquitous stereotypes about ninja were developed within Edo theatre. These include their black clothing, which was supposed to imitate the outfits worn by

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knowledge to become doctors, medicine sellers, merchants, martial artists, and fireworks manufacturers. Some unemployed ninja were reduced to banditry, such as

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rifles. However, his attempts was failed as his shots failed to penetrate the armor of Nobunaga. Sugitani was captured 4 years later and tortured to death.

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stated that the origin of those ninja clans were traced to the family of Kawai Aki-no-kami of Iga. This is also supported by the supplementary record to the

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states that their missions were to disguise themselves as firewood gatherers in order to gain information about the enemy. The attire of a mountain ascetic (

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to communicate, so they could recognize their allies during their covert operations and when in disguise, as they dressed in the same clothes as the enemy.

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The history of science and technology: a browser's guide to the great discoveries, inventions, and the people who made them, from the dawn of time to today

1125:(ninja term for a squad's captain). To conduct their operation, the ninja squad also stole a lantern which based on the drawing of the family crest on it ( 310:

had become a topic of popular culture in Japan which featured in many legend and folklore, where they were associated with many supernatural abilitiles.

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manuals were written by descendants of Hattori Hanzō as well as members of the Fujibayashi clan, an offshoot of the Hattori. Major examples include the

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Goshiki-mai: These dyed rice grains were used to create discreet trails that could be followed either by the original dropper or by sharp-eyed comrades

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theatre, ninja were "dishonorable and often sorcerous counterparts" to samurai, and possessed "almost, if not outright, magical means of camouflage."

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and plays about ninja were conceived. Stories about the ninja are usually based on historical figures. For instance, many similar tales exist about a

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continued until 1581, when Nobunaga attacked the Iga Province and destroyed those clans who rebelled against him. The Iga clans survivors fled to the

5607: 1683:. These written accounts are the last mention of ninja in war. After the Shimabara Rebellion, there were almost no major wars or battles until the 7813: 5992:

Maekawa, Tomohide (2019). "藤堂藩伊賀者の系譜『冨治林家由緒書』をひもとく/ Unraveling the Genealogy of the Iga Clan's Todo Domain: The History of the Fujibayashi clan".

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saw the ninja in use once again. Miura Yoemon, a ninja in Tokugawa's service, recruited agents from Iga province, and sent 10 of his members into

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group. Although its unlikely related to the commonly known ninja of later era. Earliest recorded ninja activities were traced during the reign of

3312: 940:) was also used by the ninja. Variant explosives such as soft-cased grenades designed to release smoke or poison gas, along with iron or ceramic 787:) during their work, as depicted in modern media, there is no evidence for such attire. Instead, ninja usually operated disguised as civilians. 5636: 2841: 2109:(16th century): a samurai of the Sengoku period, in the 16th century of the common era, who served as an important retainer of the Sanada clan. 575:

Ninja usually worked in a team to scale a wall by providing a human platform to assist their team members in reaching the top of the wall. The

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since at least 1487. After the suppression of the Iga province by Nobunaga, some of them escaped from the province and sought refuge with the

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The use of disguises was common and is well documented. Ninjas disguised themselves as priests, entertainers, fortune tellers, merchants,

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However, modern scholars such as Tatsuo Fujita doubted the credibility of Hattori Hanzō's ninja army theory, since it first appeared in

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The Ukai diary, written by a descendant of Ukai Kanemon, has several entries describing the reconnaissance actions taken by the Kōga.

1023:, stagehands in black suits, to make their attacks seem more surprising. This practice gave rise to their stereotypical black outfits. 894:) colored (red, blue, yellow, black, purple) rice grains were used in a code system, and to make trails that could be followed later. 650:: The practice of distracting guards by starting a fire away from the ninja's planned point of entry. Falls under "fire techniques" ( 7624: 6319: 6177: 6159: 4679: 4642: 4609: 1972: 3105: 1459:, stealing his battle standard, which later hoisted on the Hasedō Castle's gate, demoralized the Uesugi troops greatly in effect. 2898: 382:, which have the aims of ensuring that one's opponent does not know of one's existence, and for which there was special training. 5581: 2399: 1451:, while the Kōka acted as a police force and assisted in guarding the outer gate. It was said that at one occasion, a group of 1240:, Tokugawa dispatched a group of 80 Kōka ninja under the command of Tomo Sukesada, which was tasked to raid an outpost of the 4402: 4374: 4343: 2229:

were uncovered which experts say are ninja weapons. Ninja were spies and saboteurs and likely participated in the siege. The

483:). The ninja clans organized into a larger confederation, with their own respective territories. A system of rank existed: a 6605: 498:

rank ("lower person"), field agents drawn from the lower class for field operations. Ninja trainees also studied survival,

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founded the world's first research centre devoted to the ninja. A graduate master course opened in 2018. It is located in

1903:—along with the earlier tradition of using Iga and Kōga clan members as palace guards—have led some sources to define the 1661:

More and more general raids were begun, the Kōga ninja band under the direct control of Matsudaira Nobutsuna captured the

1389: 1281:, three ninja attempted to assassinate him with rifles, but failed and instead killed seven of Nobunaga's attendants. The 795: 2324:. It also contain practical methods to manufacture and use tools such as cane swords and "makibishi" (Japanese caltrop). 772:

Ninja are believed to have used a large variety of tools and weaponries, including climbing equipment, extending spears,

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Based on the combination of colors they dropped, or the number of grains, the Ninja could make over 100 different codes.

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They were ordered to reconnoitre the plan of construction of Hara Castle, and surveyed the distance from the defensive

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journal records that the escort group of Ieyasu had suffered roughly 200 casualties during their journey from Osaka.

1340: 253:) means "to steal away; to hide" and—by extension—"to forbear", hence its association with stealth and invisibility. 2768: 2068:(16th century): the wife of Mochizuke Moritoki. Chiyome created a school for girls, which taught skills required of 790:

Accounts about ninjas' armor cannot be verified. Depictions of famous persons later deemed ninja often show them in

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between 1485 and 1581. Specifically, the Iga professionals were sought after for their skill at siege warfare, or "

2056:(d. 1603): a ninja rumored to have killed Hattori Hanzō, with whom he was supposedly rivals. The fictional weapon 823:

Tools used for infiltration and espionage are some of the most abundant artifacts related to the ninja. Ropes and

43: 7757: 5488:[A historic reconciliation on "Ninja Day"... "Iga vs. Koga" is a fiction created by anime and novels!?]. 3896: 3167: 2903: 2410: 2166: 1069: 1001: 3926: 2653: 1308: 1159: 7762: 7752: 7082: 6795: 6790: 2707: 2638: 2145:

and historian Nakanishi Gō announced that they had identified three people who were successful in early modern

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leyasu on his journey in Iga province, also served as a bodyguard and espionage officer under Muromachi Shogun

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After the assassination of Oda Nobunaga, Iga and Kōka ninja, according to tradition, helped Ieyasu undergo an

1223:", which included night attacks and ambush. By the 1460s, the leading families in the regions had established 2097:(1503–1569): a famed 16th-century ninja master during the Sengoku period who was also known as "Flying Katō". 7047: 4259: 2365: 2226: 1600: 1495:. The Musokunin also worked as farmer during peace, while they are obliged to take arms in the time of war. 1191: 1103: 744:, were also effective, as the large "basket" hats traditionally worn by them concealed the head completely. 456: 159: 1679:

With the fall of Hara Castle, the Shimabara Rebellion came to an end, and Christianity in Japan was forced

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There is also recorded non Japanese ninja in history. On February 25, 2018, Yamada Yūji, the professor of

1963: 1603:), the depth of the moat, the conditions of roads, the height of the wall, and the shape of the loopholes. 31: 4265: 2683: 732:

outfits could have allowed the ninja to spy in enemy buildings without rousing suspicion. Disguises as a

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Shimotsuge no Kizaru (16th century): an influential Iga ninja who in 1560 successfully led an attack on

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who concealed their appearance would steal up to the castle every night and go inside as they pleased."

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Yamato Takeru dressed as a maidservant, preparing to kill the Kumaso leaders. Woodblock print on paper.

861: 625: 357: 164: 6194:, vol. 4: Early Modern Japan, translated by Harold Bolitho, New York: Cambridge University Press, 4521:["Iga Cross" The history of the accompanying ninja is known to Ieyasu and Yoshiaki Ashikaga?]. 2717: 2569:. For example, Nakagawa Shoshunjin, the 17th century founder of Nakagawa-ryū, claimed in his own work ( 2507: 332:. According to traditional evaluation, the ninja were stealth soldiers and mercenaries hired mostly by 4518: 3322: 2381: 2278: 2179: 1625: 1523: 1511: 591: 511: 348: 5644: 1273:, although the mission failed and Rokurō was forced to commit suicide. According to a document, the 6909: 3943:

DH Publishing is Tokyo's #1 publisher of Japanese pop culture books for the English speaking world.

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after the Eastern Army's victory at Sekigahara, the Iga acted as guards for the inner compounds of

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hunter) gangs to secure the way for Ieyasu, while sometimes also bribing some of the more amenable

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challenging a ninja to prove his worth, usually by stealing his pillow or weapon while he slept.

1474: 1198:. The remote location of Iga may have contributed to ninja's secretive development. The chronicle 7442: 4013: 2893: 2405: 2234: 2116: 2024:

school. Muneyoshi's grandson, Jubei Muneyoshi, told tales of his grandfather's status as a ninja.

1959: 1909: 1874: 1715: 1429: 1428:, although it ended in failure. There is a record that there is an assassination attempt were on 1405: 1328: 1207: 459:. During this time, there are some definitive terms to classify their activities such as spying ( 172: 134: 3955: 2150: 2017: 1462:

In 1603, a group of ninja from Iga clan led by Miura Yo'emon were assigned under the command of

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Japan: its history, traditions, and religions: With the narrative of a visit in 1879, Volume 2

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evolved to describe what would later be dubbed ninja. The first known English use of the word

180: 114: 105: 89: 80: 64: 5187: 451:, at a time when the Shogunate used the ninja in an intelligence network to monitor regional 7603: 7379: 6465:

Invisible armor: An Introduction to the Esoteric Dimension of Japan's Classical Warrior Arts

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Japanese capitals in historical perspective: place, power and memory in Kyoto, Edo and Tokyo

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or "fallen warrior hunter" groups has emerged. these groups were disenfranchised peasant or

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In an undisclosed time, a ninja named Hachisuka Tenzō was sent by Nobunaga to assassinate

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Satake, Akihiro; Yasumada, Hideo; Kudō, Rikio; Ōtani, Masao; Yamazaki, Yoshiyuki (2003),

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Yorozu yo ni / Kokoro ha tokete / Waga seko ga / Tsumishi te mitsutsu / Shinobi kanetsumo

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were allowed to employ ninja or shinobi. In the two centuries that followed, a number of

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As the siege went on, the extreme shortage of food later reduced the defenders to eating

1581: 778: 420: 295:), which make up the form of kanji for "woman" (女). In fiction written in the modern era 185: 4422: 3811: 414: 283:

which means "woman"; it supposedly comes from the characters くノ一 (respectively hiragana

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has no place in modern times. Instead, Kawakami serves as the honorary director of the

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Despite many popular folktales, historical accounts of the ninja are scarce. Historian

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Lecture No. 4: "The Samurai Powers in the Kinai (Capital Region) and Iga" – (2nd term)

7787: 7543: 7504: 7266: 7119: 6097: 5822: 4478: 2550: 2546: 2363:. Ninja appear in many forms of Japanese and Western popular media, including books ( 2112: 1846: 1826: 1796: 1467: 1372: 1312: 1300: 1270: 1051: 443: 266: 48: 5335: 2040:

manuals published by his descendants have led some sources to define him as a ninja.

434: 7610: 7319: 7238: 7134: 7124: 7104: 6208: 4498:. Translated by Atsuko Oda. Mie University Faculty of Humanities, Law and Economics 4462: 2865: 2809: 2582: 2542: 2534: 2455: 2421: 2149:, including the ninja Benkei Musō (弁慶夢想). Musō is thought to be the same person as 2120: 2077: 2047: 2007: 1816: 1630: 1519: 1482: 1384: 1289: 1241: 1183: 1169: 1127: 827:

were common, and were tied to the belt. A collapsible ladder is illustrated in the

621: 155: 6976: 4832:. Translated by Atsuko Oda. Mie University Facultyof Humanities, Law and Economics 2273:, decided against passing on his teaching to any student, stating that the art of 1543:

A final but detailed record of ninja employed in open warfare occurred during the

1282: 1255:

In 1571, a Kōka ninja Sugitani Zenjubō attempted to assassinate Nobunaga with two

1155: 1090: 239:

appears in the written record as far back as the late 8th century in poems in the

6543: 5781: 5682: 4827: 4669: 4632: 4599: 4493: 4247: 1966:

sometimes describe them as ninja, but there is little evidence for these claims.

7717: 7652: 7273: 7259: 7252: 6969: 6806: 6684: 5895: 4884: 3839: 2521:

seal, which allows him to transform into a giant rat. Woodblock print on paper.

2321: 2083:

Fujibayashi Nagato (16th century): considered to be one of three "greatest" Iga

1945: 1704: 1624:

Suspecting that the castle's supplies might be running low, the siege commander

1618: 1565: 1452: 688:: The practice of curling into a ball and remaining motionless to appear like a 579:

gives an account of a coordinated team of infiltrators, who usually made use of

567: 399:(万川集海), there are 48 points of ninja's fighting techniques, such as how to make 5512: 2565:. Such magical powers stories were believed to be the works in the ninja's own 7696: 7571: 7557: 7518: 7476: 7351: 7312: 7099: 7068: 7019: 6916: 6902: 6828: 6733: 6719: 6677: 2855: 2837: 2792: 2625: 2562: 2530: 2198: 1754: 1696: 1691: 1507: 1491: 1486: 1478: 1463: 1448: 1401: 1348: 1039: 936: 912: 740: 675: 550: 507: 425: 5323: 4105: 318:

It was believed the espionage activities of Ninja were attributed to Chinese

7738: 7645: 7564: 7455: 7333: 7298: 7164: 7061: 6881: 6874: 6761: 6026:

Classical weaponry of Japan: special weapons and tactics of the martial arts

2775: 2724: 2590: 2461: 2348:, which was meant to contrast with the use of swords by onstage samurai. In 2242: 2230: 2000: 1689:

era. To earn a living, ninja had to be employed by the governments of their

1685: 1249: 1178: 712: 609: 595: 503: 407: 401: 150: 130: 118: 110: 7365: 7231: 6726: 6610: 6276:

Religion in Japan: arrows to heaven and earth, article 1: Notes on the kuji

6143: 5900:

The first samurai: the life and legend of the warrior rebel, Taira Masakado

5637:"Copy of legendary book on art of ninja found at shrine in west Japan city" 4409:

Akira Imatani"Practice of attacking fallen warriors"; 2000; p.153 chapter 4

3873: 1895: 734: 678:

over water to conceal underwater movement. Falls under "water techniques" (

545:

martial qualities of even the most menial task. These factors show how the

6616: 6490: 6345: 5534: 2237:

forces. The uncovered flat throwing stones are likely predecessors of the

7731: 7724: 7703: 7682: 7670: 7585: 7469: 7418: 7404: 7245: 7157: 6948: 6895: 6888: 6784: 6747: 6712: 6691: 6586: 6571: 6535: 6520: 6505: 6390: 2949: 2888: 2873: 2757: 2740: 2690: 2602: 2522: 2341: 2297: 2238: 2036: 1933: 1865: 1724: 1409: 1315:. One of the most prominent members was Fujibayashi Yasumasa, son of the 1307:. Prior to the conquest of Kōka in 1574, the two confederacies worked in 1293: 1151: 1078: 974: 953: 930: 852: 815: 728: 723: 718: 702: 580: 519: 491:

rank ("middle person"), whose task was to be a personal assistant to the

476: 370: 275: 6099:

Encyclopedia of Japan: Japanese History and Culture, from Abacus to Zori

3457:

Ninja: Ancient Shadow Warriors of Japan (The Secret History of Ninjutsu)

3153:

is 志乃備, its meaning and characters are unrelated to the later mercenary

1347:

groups across the route. During this journey, Tokugawa generals such as

442:

Later in history, the Kōga ninja would become regarded as agents of the

192: 7710: 7617: 7511: 7425: 7305: 7199: 7185: 7005: 6962: 6867: 6705: 5993: 4601:

Ninja Ancient Shadow Warriors of Japan (The Secret History of Ninjutsu)

4574: 4094:"Reenacting Japan's Past That Never Was: The Ninja in Tourism and Larp" 2908: 2596: 2517: 2393: 2175: 2115:(1536–1571): a powerful Kōka samurai ninja who in 1568 allied with the 2003:

Daizenboh who helped Kumawakamaru's revenge was Suppa, a kind of ninja.

1164: 844: 636:

and hoisted it to next day to demoralize Kanetsugu's army in the war.

329: 2221:

A copy of the legendary 40-page book called "Kanrinseiyo" made in 1748

2046:(1558–1594): Goemon reputedly tried to drip poison from a thread into 660:: The practice of climbing a tree and camouflaging oneself within the 258: 250: 141:, although antecedents may have existed as early as the 12th century. 17: 7638: 7631: 7550: 7448: 7372: 7280: 7206: 7178: 7171: 7033: 6955: 6941: 6698: 4098:

Reenactment Case Studies: Global Perspectives on Experiential History

3265:

Mercenaries: A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies

2538: 2449: 2433: 2427: 2349: 2333: 2069: 1980: 1871: 1549: 1215: 1061: 1056: 1016: 1012: 899: 873: 836: 832: 773: 499: 447: 334: 6446:

Takeda Shinobi Hiden: Unveiling Takeda Shingen's Secret Ninja Legacy

6274:

Waterhouse, David (1996), Peter F. Kornicki; James McMullen (eds.),

6118:

Secrets of the samurai: a survey of the martial arts of feudal Japan

1339:. However, their journey was very dangerous due to the existence of 963: 920:

appeared in a booklet by Heishichirō Okuse in 1956. Ninja also used

5920:

The analysis of performance art: a guide to its theory and practice

2340:, stagehands meant to be ignored by the audience; and their use of 1248:

chronicle, where those Kōka set fire to its towers, and killed the

7578: 7462: 7411: 7397: 7358: 6842: 6740: 6217:

Buddhas and kami in Japan: honji suijaku as a combinatory paradigm

2506: 2483: 2466: 2444: 2356: 2216: 2170: 1971: 1612: 1528: 1332: 1229: 1163: 1033: 925: 840: 808: 751: 560: 413: 223: 218: 209: 197: 191: 126: 42: 1138:

generals hired three Iga ninja during the capture of a castle in

783:

Although it is commonly believed that the ninja wore black garb (

628:

in the capturing of enemy banners can be seen illustrated in the

175:

in the 17th century, the ninja faded into obscurity. A number of

7483: 7192: 6923: 4492:

Yamada Yuji (2017). "7. Tokugawa Ieyasu's passing through Iga".

2577: 2103:(16th century): a purported Iga ninja during the Sengoku period. 1923: 1654: 1592: 1060:, Takeru disguised as woman and assassinated two leaders of the 661: 183:, were written in the 17th and 18th centuries, most notably the 6631: 4879: 4877: 4875: 3928:

More Secrets of the Ninja: Their Training, Tools and Techniques

2573:) that he had the ability to transform into birds and animals. 2359:

medium also growing during 1960-1970s, with the series such as

1481:, a newly established domain which covered portions of Iga and 1288:

persisted until 1574, when it was forced to become a vassal of

549:

established among the ninja class the fundamental principle of

5940:

Martial arts of the world: an encyclopedia, Volume 2: Ninjutsu

3342: 1050:

was attributed retrospectively to 2nd-century prince of Japan

910:. There is no known historical information about the straight 510:, a general of Tokugawa who was injured by gunfire during the 2511:

Actor portraying Nikki Danjō, a villain from the kabuki play

2308:

did ninja studies and trained martial arts in the afternoon.

27:

Covert agent, mercenary, or guerrilla warrior in feudal Japan

3898:

Ninja Attack!: True Tales of Assassins, Samurai, and Outlaws

1408:. During his rule, Yoshimune was known for establishing the 612:. These tactics were considered abhorrent by members of the 438:) to instruct on the ideal time for taking certain actions. 6483:

Hisshō no heihō ninjutsu no kenkyū: gendai o ikinuku michi

1714:

Many former ninja were employed as security guards by the

5582:"Japan university awards first-ever ninja studies degree" 3730: 3728: 3726: 3662: 3660: 3658: 3656: 3390: 3388: 1498:

In 1614, The Iga province warriors saw action during the

1005:, Ashikaga Mitsuuji is approached unknowingly by a ninja. 632:, in which a ninja once stole the banner of samurai lord 6168:

Takagi, Ichinosuke; Gomi, Tomohide; Ōno, Susumu (1962),

5576: 5574: 4261:

Lecture No.2: Activities of Igashu in the Sengoku Period

3593: 3591: 3589: 2006:

Kumawaka (the 16th century): a suppa (ninja) who served

1629:

descended from those involved in the 1562 assault on an

517:

The skill sets of ninja agents known in modern times as

168:– "revolts" or "leagues" – as a means of self-defense. 137:. They often appear in the historical record during the 5026:

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5007:

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4988:

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4266:

Conference with the Cooperation of Iga on Ninja Culture

4248:

Conference with the Cooperation of Iga on Ninja Culture

3137: 1015:

plays. In Japanese theatre, ninja are often dressed as

5604:"Japan university to set up ninja research facilities" 4950:

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4546:"(Editorial) Regarding the original of Ietada's diary" 4199: 4197: 3498: 3496: 3405: 3403: 2342: 2334: 2197:

The image of the ninja entered popular culture in the

1979:

escapes his pursuers by swinging across the moat on a

1899:

and government officials. The secretive nature of the

1277:, when Nobunaga was inspecting Iga province after the 1017: 982: 975: 5492:(in Japanese). The Sankei Shimbun. 2018. pp. 1–4 4725: 4124: 4122: 3605:(in Japanese). The Sankei Shimbun. 2018. pp. 1–3 2178:

battles a giant python with the help of his summoned

5557:"'Last Ninja' Becomes University Ninjutsu Professor" 5535:"Study/Circles｜Ninja Iga-ryu - Iga-ryu Ninja Museum" 5283: 5281: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5066: 5064: 5039: 5037: 4634:

Samurai An Encyclopedia of Japan's Cultured Warriors

1269:, attempted to assassinate Nobunaga by infiltrating 603:

briefly describes the ninja's role in espionage, as

7662: 7595: 7535: 7493: 7435: 7389: 7343: 7290: 7216: 7147: 7092: 6986: 6933: 6859: 6820: 6771: 6663: 6368:

Edojō oniwaban : Tokugawa Shōgun no mimi to me

6152:

Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Man'yōshū Volume 4

5843:

Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan

3745: 3743: 3701: 3699: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3517: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3483: 3481: 3460:. North Clarendon, VT: Tuttle Publishing. pp. 3432: 3430: 3231: 3229: 2971: 2969: 1359:fought their way through raids and harassment from 1089:(16th century) —a diary written by abbot Eishun of 346:accounts is also demonstrated in war epics such as 47:Drawing of the archetypical ninja from a series of 6042:Morton, William Scott; Olenik, J. Kenneth (2004), 5917: 5513:"BBC News – Japan's ninjas heading for extinction" 4969:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFKenji_Fukui2018 ( 4931:harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFKenji_Fukui2018 ( 3375: 3373: 3371: 3196:) (April 2017). "くのいちとは何か". In 吉丸雄哉、山田雄司編 (ed.). 2606:schools, where it was said to have many purposes. 2247:Saitama Prefectural Museum of History and Folklore 1893:were agents involved in collecting information on 1068:in the 6th century. An adolescent espionage agent 794:, including concealable types of armour made with 30:Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see 6336:Fujibayashi, Masatake; Nakajima, Atsumi. (1996). 3872:. Japan: Ninja Lurking in History. Archived from 3557: 3555: 3358: 3356: 1711:era, although their precise numbers are unknown. 536:with each its own unique characteristic for each 411:that prevents guard dogs from barking, and more. 5464:"430-year-old ninja weapons possibly identified" 5021: 5002: 4983: 4907: 4889:(in Japanese). Rekishi Kaido Promotional Council 4787: 4768: 4749: 4637:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 2019. p. 203. 3070: 3068: 3066: 3053: 3051: 1303:, but others escaped to enter the service under 6548:. Barnsley, S. Yorkshire, UK: Frontline Books. 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5445: 4945: 3528:, an alternate reading for the same title. The 2080:. Momochi is also a branch of the Hattori clan. 1659: 1640: 1589: 366: 6170:Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Man'yōshū Volume 4 6044:Japan: its history and culture, fourth edition 5780:Bunch, Bryan H.; Hellemans, Alexander (2004), 3840:"10 Stealthy Ninja Tools You Haven't Heard Of" 3561: 3362: 3220: 2553:, splitting images, the summoning of animals ( 2225:Between 1960 and 2010 artifacts dating to the 2050:'s mouth through a hiding spot in the ceiling, 1547:(1637–1638). The Kōga ninja were recruited by 1072:was executed for spying against the insurgent 571:(1681), detailing a list of possible disguises 525: 6643: 5764:Encyclopedia of contemporary Japanese culture 4576:家康家臣の戦と日常松平家忠日記をよむ (角川ソフィア文庫) Kindle Edition 3177:, 4th ed.; Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). 3121: 1707:continued to employ their own ninja into the 1371:gangs. As they reached Kada, an area between 802:that could have been worn by ninja including 8: 5681:Robert Squillace; Angela Jane Weisl (2024). 5135: 3734: 3666: 3623: 3394: 3077:, p. 358; based on different readings, 2936:, and Ishikawa Tadashi, assistant professor 916:pre-20th century. The first photograph of a 876:, although this may have been less stable. 6008:The Taiheiki: A Chronicle of Medieval Japan 5859:Draeger, Donn F.; Smith, Robert W. (1981), 5412:"嬉野忍者調査結果弁慶夢想（べんけいむそう）【武術家・山伏 / 江戸時代初期】" 5406: 5404: 4964: 4926: 4811:sfn error: no target: CITEREFNakayama2015 ( 4397:. 新人物往来社. pp. 152–153, 157–158, ､167. 4140: 2034:. His ancestry in Iga province, along with 872:, also existed in the form of a flat round 6992: 6669: 6650: 6636: 6628: 5726: 5311: 5299: 5182: 5180: 4128: 4018:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 2585:" falls squarely in the realm of fantasy. 2355:The growing popularity of Ninja ethics in 1742: 1432:, although it was thwarted. A ninja named 1252:along with 200 defenders of the garrison. 5272: 4456: 4454: 4452: 3532:cited here is a much more common reading. 2932:According to Imatani Akira, professor of 2020:(1529–1606): a renowned swordsman of the 1747:Ninja employed in each domain, Edo period 860:was derived from the native name for the 738:, a mendicant monk known for playing the 5824:The enemy within: a history of espionage 5714: 5486:"「忍者の日」に歴史的和解…「伊賀ＶＳ甲賀」はアニメや小説が創りあげた虚構！？" 5436: 5287: 5123: 5111: 5099: 5082: 5070: 5055: 5043: 4806: 4713: 4701: 4309: 4285: 4227: 4203: 4188: 4176: 4164: 4143:, pp. 249–253; Volume 2, section 80 3931:. Tokyo: DH Publishing Inc. p. 95. 3797: 3773: 3761: 3749: 3717: 3705: 3647: 3635: 3580: 3546: 3521: 3502: 3487: 3436: 3409: 3379: 3299: 3287: 3247: 3235: 3042: 2975: 2245:caltrops. Archeologist Iwata Akihiro of 1533:Ninja historic illustration, Meiwa era, 265:was uncommon, and a variety of regional 6116:Ratti, Oscar; Westbrook, Adele (1991), 5260: 4321: 4087: 4085: 2965: 2944:a particularly dangerous groups called 2925: 2613: 487:rank ("upper person"), followed by the 374:techniques, in short are the skills of 6658:Japanese weapons, armour and equipment 6292:Yamada, Yūji (2019), Yōko Ymda (ed.), 6062:Unsolved Mysteries of Japanese History 5805:The Kojiki: records of ancient matters 5248: 5236: 5224: 5212: 5171: 5159: 5147: 4369:(in Japanese). 学研プラス. pp. 218–9. 4152: 4011: 3925:Bull, Brett; Kuroi, Hiromitsu (2008). 3812:"7 Things you didn't know about Ninja" 3678: 3030: 2285:as a specially appointed professor at 1917:was considered as profession, as only 944:explosives were also reportedly used. 6080:Zuketsu Rekishi no Igai na Ketsumatsu 5418:from the original on 14 February 2019 5395: 5383: 5371: 5359: 4737: 4297: 4076: 3991: 3979: 3810:Runnebaum, Achim (22 February 2016). 3524:, p. 17; Turnbull uses the name 3449: 3447: 3445: 3421: 3258: 3256: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3074: 3057: 2030:(1542–1596): a samurai serving under 1477:was assigned by Ieyasu to control of 1331:to escape the enemies of Nobunaga in 1176:The Iga and Kōga ninja were actually 1117:employed a squad of 48 ninja to burn 532:comprised a variety of espionage and 395:(間林清陽) which is the original book of 104: 79: 7: 5877:Fiévé, Nicolas; Waley, Paul (2003), 5687:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 56. 4829:THE NINJA BOOK: The New Mansenshukai 4495:THE NINJA BOOK: The New Mansenshukai 4338:(in Japanese). 岩波書店. p. 29･30. 4215: 3690: 1262:In 1573, Manabe Rokurō, a vassal of 1194:named after a village in modern day 5194:from the original on 20 August 2018 4517:Kenshiro Kawanishi (川西賢志郎) (2023). 4064: 3785: 1400:record which circulated during the 819:, showing a tool for breaking locks 768:(chain armour) concealed underneath 6420:Ninja of the Warring States Period 3314:甲賀で忍術書の原典発見番犬に吠えられない呪術も「間林清陽」48カ条 1969:Some well known examples include: 1572:. A diary kept by a member of the 1244:. This assault is recorded in the 934:as weapons, The chain and sickle ( 692:. Falls under "earth techniques" ( 25: 6381:Hokinoichi, Hanawa. (1923–1933). 5861:Comprehensive Asian fighting arts 5610:from the original on 26 June 2020 4604:. Tuttle Publishing. p. 65. 4525:(in Japanese). The Sankei Shimbun 3124:, p. 191; the full poem is " 2213:Modern era historical evaluations 2153:(伝林坊頼慶), the Chinese disciple of 2123:, at which point he relocated to 1455:'s ninja infiltrated the camp of 664:. Falls under "wood techniques" ( 6615: 5606:. Telangana Today. 11 May 2017. 5584:. AFP, Yahoo! News. 26 June 2020 5188:"嬉野に忍者３人いた！江戸初期－幕末市が委託調査氏名も特定" 4519:"「伊賀越え」同行忍者の経歴判明家康と足利義昭の二重スパイか" 4479:10.24707/aichikenshikenkyu.9.0_1 3956:"Bujinkan Budo Taijutsu Weapons" 3895:Yoda, Hiroko; Alt, Matt (2013). 2899:Order of Musashi Shinobi Samurai 2858: 2830: 2818: 2801: 2784: 2767: 2750: 2733: 2716: 2699: 2682: 2667: 2652: 2637: 2616: 1674:Entry: 24th day of the 2nd month 1648:Entry: 27th day of the 1st month 1082:recorded many ninja activities. 1076:. Later, 14th century chronicle 992: 962: 245:. The underlying connotation of 179:manuals, often based on Chinese 78:'one who is invisible'; 7436:Projectile and throwing weapons 6513:Ninjutsu: sono rekishi to ninja 6422:] (in Japanese). Kadokawa. 6412:Masaru Hirayama (平山優 ) (1964). 6340:. Tokyo: Shinjinbutsu Ōraisha. 5511:Oi, Mariko (23 November 2012). 5462:Owen Jarus (14 February 2022). 3012:from the original on 6 May 2012 2233:failed to save the castle from 1608:Entry: 6th day of the 1st month 215:Early Middle Chinese–influenced 7814:Mercenary units and formations 6278:, Cambridge University Press, 6192:The Cambridge history of Japan 6078:Nihon Hakugaku Kurabu (2004), 6060:Nihon Hakugaku Kurabu (2006), 5746:Ninja: The Invisible Assassins 5643:. 21 June 2022. Archived from 5559:. Crunchyroll. 31 January 2012 4598:Kacem Zoughari, Ph.D. (2013). 4427:(in Japanese). 春秋社. p. 65 4008:. Osaka, Kinki Nippon Tetsudō. 3345:. 19 June 2022. Archived from 3321:. 19 June 2022. Archived from 3267:. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2529:Ninja were depicted with some 2072:, as well as espionage skills. 1921:with an income of over 10,000 1323:Tokugawa Ieyasu's Iga crossing 868:). Similar footwear, known as 125:. They were often employed in 1: 6577:Yamaguchi, Masayuki. (1968). 6528:Ninpō: sono hiden to jitsurei 6485:. Tokyo: Nichibō Shuppansha. 6385:. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan. 5786:, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 5748:, Black Belt Communications, 5658:Casey Baseel (27 June 2022). 4421:Mitsuhisa Takayanagi (1958). 4353:"History of Japanese Farmers" 3599:"服部半蔵は「不本意な忍者の最終形態」、三重大教授が論考" 3338:忍者の里甲賀市で忍術書の基となった書の写本初めて見つかる 2938:University of Central Florida 2490:Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu 2269:, the last authentic heir of 2241:. The clay caltrops preceded 2187: 1913:law on military service, The 1580:, relates: "Men from Kōga in 1534: 1506:, and Yamaoka Kagetsuge, and 1466:of Ii Naomasa, the daimyo of 1417:Further activities after 1582 1206:, a historical record of the 796:Kusari (Japanese mail armour) 261:) means "a person". The word 154:clans of peasant-warriors in 109:) was an infiltration agent, 7536:Improvised and other weapons 6526:Okuse, Heishichirō. (1964). 6511:Okuse, Heishichirō. (1967). 6396:Ishikawa, Masatomo. (1982). 6046:, McGraw-Hill Professional, 5684:Medievalisms in a Global Age 3192:吉丸雄哉（associate professor of 3174:American Heritage Dictionary 2496:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2493:) and American comic books ( 2182:. Woodblock print on paper. 1983:. Woodblock print on paper. 1907:as "ninja". In 1649 record 1564:, who made a final stand at 1322: 866:Argyroneta aquatica japonica 146:Japan's warring state period 7773:Military equipment of Japan 6562:Watatani, Kiyoshi. (1972). 6530:. Tokyo: Jinbutsu Ōraisha. 6515:. Tokyo: Jinbutsu Ōraisha. 6500:. Tokyo: Jinbutsu Ōraisha. 6467:. Eibusha. pp. 1–160. 6448:. Eibusha. pp. 1–192. 6134:Reed, Edward James (1880), 5974:Kawakami, Jin'ichi (2016), 5845:, Oxford University Press, 4004:Okuse, Heishichirō (1956). 3122:Takagi, Gomi & Ōno 1962 2825:Various concealable weapons 2343: 2335: 1870:In the early 18th century, 1319:from the Fujibayashi clan. 1190:) and the nearby region of 1018: 983: 976: 674:: The practice of throwing 7840: 7809:Japanese words and phrases 6542:Turnbull, Stephen (2017). 6257:Warriors of Medieval Japan 6254:Turnbull, Stephen (2007), 6082:, PHP Research Institute, 6064:, PHP Research Institute, 5998:. Vol. 29. 伊賀百筆編集委員会. 5960:, PHP Research Institute, 4726:Nihon Hakugaku Kurabu 2006 4573:Morimoto Masahiro (1999). 4240:Nakagawa, Takaaki (2015). 3562:Ratti & Westbrook 1991 3363:Ratti & Westbrook 1991 3221:Ratti & Westbrook 1991 2879:Modern schools of ninjutsu 2779:, chain and weight weapons 2164: 2010:(1504– 1565), a vassal of 1863: 1470:under Tokugawa shogunate. 1404:during the rule of Shogun 1149: 951: 227:reading, it is pronounced 103:'one who sneaks'; 29: 7824:Pre-modern special forces 7748: 6995: 6672: 6545:Ninja: Unmasking the Myth 6398:Shinobi no sato no kiroku 6353:Saigo no Ninja Dorondoron 6338:Shōninki: Ninjutsu densho 6096:Perkins, Dorothy (1991), 5956:Kawaguchi, Sunao (2008), 5938:Green, Thomas A. (2001), 5841:Deal, William E. (2007), 4674:. Pen & Sword Books. 4544:Masahiko Iwasawa (1968). 4038:Ninja: Unmasking the Myth 3168:Oxford English Dictionary 2988:Stephen Turnbull (2003). 2904:Pre-modern special forces 2167:Ninjas in popular culture 1745: 1638:. The Ukai diary writes, 1070:Hasetsukabe no Koharumaru 1002:Nise Murasaki Inaka Genji 971:Sakura doki onna gyoretsu 526: 279:(くノ一) is, originally, an 93: 68: 55:on paper. Vol. six, 1817. 7768:National Treasure swords 6370:. Tokyo: Chūō Kōronsha. 6366:Fukai, Masaumi. (1992). 6310:Frederic, Louis (2002), 5916:Howell, Anthony (1999), 5766:, Taylor & Francis, 5762:Buckley, Sandra (2002), 5136:Morton & Olenik 2004 4671:Ninja Unmasking the Myth 4106:10.4324/9780429445668-10 4092:Kamm, Björn-Ole (2022). 3866:"Communication of ninja" 3735:Draeger & Smith 1981 3667:Draeger & Smith 1981 3624:Draeger & Smith 1981 3454:Zoughari, Kacem (2010). 3395:Draeger & Smith 1981 3337: 3313: 2557:), and control over the 2515:. Shown with hands in a 1473:In 1608, a daimyo named 1227:independence from their 760:(travel cape) and cloth 36:Shinobi (disambiguation) 6566:. Tokyo: Akita Shoten. 6351:Fujita, Seiko. (2004). 6296:, Chiyoda,Tokyo: G.B., 6294:Sengoku Shinobi no Sahō 6186:Tatsuya, Tsuji (1991), 6004:McCullough, Helen Craig 5801:Chamberlain, Basil Hall 4334:Fujiki Hisashi (2005). 2559:five classical elements 2227:Siege of Odawara (1590) 1881:("garden keepers"), an 1669:(outer bailey) ... 7291:Chain and rope weapons 5821:Crowdy, Terry (2006), 5744:Adams, Andrew (1970), 5022:Stephen Turnbull (2012 5003:Stephen Turnbull (2012 4984:Stephen Turnbull (2008 4908:Stephen Turnbull (2008 4788:Stephen Turnbull (2012 4769:Stephen Turnbull (2008 4750:Stephen Turnbull (2012 4424:戦国戦記本能寺の変・山崎の戦 (1958年) 4393:Akira Imatani (1993). 4381:Tadashi Ishikawa quote 4365:Kirino Sakuto (2001). 3263:Axelrod, Alan (2015). 2884:Ninja Museum of Igaryu 2677:, iron climbing cleats 2662:, iron climbing cleats 2526: 2487:), Western animation ( 2222: 2194: 1988: 1964:Minamoto no Yoshitsune 1677: 1651: 1621: 1611: 1540: 1173: 1043: 820: 769: 748:Tools & weaponries 572: 439: 418:This diagram from the 384: 299:means "female ninja". 231:, a shortened form of 201: 56: 32:Ninja (disambiguation) 7217:Samurai accoutrements 7130:Mail and plate armour 6496:Nawa. Yumio. (1967). 6481:Nawa, Yumio. (1972). 6260:, Osprey Publishing, 6240:, Osprey Publishing, 6120:, Tuttle Publishing, 6010:, Tuttle Publishing, 5827:, Osprey Publishing, 5807:, Tuttle Publishing, 4946:Iwata Nishizawa (1917 4855:. Chuokoron-Shinsha. 4367:真説本能寺 (学研M文庫 R き 2-2) 4258:Kenji, Kasai (2012). 3901:. Tuttle Publishing. 2576:The ninja's usage of 2510: 2220: 2174: 1975: 1616: 1532: 1167: 1037: 1011:Two prints depicting 981:is attended by three 897:Ninja often used the 862:Japanese water spider 812: 755: 626:psychological warfare 564: 417: 358:The Tale of the Heike 195: 46: 7819:Obsolete occupations 7344:Clubs and truncheons 6624:at Wikimedia Commons 6581:. Tokyo: Yūzankaku. 6564:Bugei ryūha hyakusen 6355:. Tokyo: Shinpūsha. 5958:Super Ninja Retsuden 4851:Oishi, Gaku (2020). 4826:Yuji Yamada (2017). 3103:Origin of word Ninja 2796:, a chain and sickle 2762:, with linen flights 2694:, iron climbing hook 2594:passed onto certain 2382:Revenge of the Ninja 2279:Iga-ryu Ninja Museum 1728:. Others used their 1626:Matsudaira Nobutsuna 1443:In 1600, during the 1317:Fujibayashi Yasutoyo 1192:Kōka District, Shiga 1098:. They captured the 592:infiltration tactics 221:"忍者". In the native 196:The word "ninja" in 6860:Polearms and spears 6463:Mol, Serge (2008). 6444:Mol, Serge (2016). 6400:. Tokyo: Suiyōsha. 6314:, Belknap Harvard, 6219:, RoutledgeCurzon, 6024:Mol, Serge (2003), 5641:Mainichi Daily News 5326:Sado Tourist Bureau 3960:Online Martial Arts 3140:, p. 108; the 2600:(martial arts) and 2503:Legendary abilities 2062:is named after him. 1883:intelligence agency 1545:Shimabara Rebellion 1445:Sekigahara Campaign 1238:Battle of Okehazama 1236:In 1560, after the 302:By the time of the 181:military philosophy 49:sketches by Hokusai 7799:Combat occupations 6821:Knives and daggers 6312:Japan Encyclopedia 6238:Ninja AD 1460–1650 6172:, Iwanami Shoten, 6154:, Iwanami Shoten, 5227:, pp. 178–179 5215:, pp. 174–175 5174:, pp. 188–189 5162:, pp. 176–177 4853:江戸五百藩-ご当地藩のすべてがわかる 3870:Ninja Encyclopedia 3846:. 28 February 2017 3626:, pp. 128–129 3424:, pp. 359–360 3138:Satake et al. 2003 3108:2011-05-02 at the 2991:Ninja Ad 1460–1650 2894:Order of Assassins 2571:Okufuji Monogatari 2527: 2311:In 2022, on June, 2235:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 2223: 2195: 2161:In popular culture 2117:Ashikaga shogunate 1989: 1960:Kusunoki Masashige 1910:Tokugawa shogunate 1875:Tokugawa Yoshimune 1716:Tokugawa shogunate 1622: 1541: 1464:Red Demon brigades 1430:Toyotomi Hideyoshi 1406:Tokugawa Yoshimune 1398:Iga-sha yuishogaki 1208:Ashikaga shogunate 1174: 1146:Iga and Kōga clans 1110:(second bailey). 1044: 821: 770: 616:class. During the 573: 540:school. Some view 440: 430:esoteric cosmology 362:(Heike Monogatari) 353:(Hōgen Monogatari) 202: 173:Tokugawa shogunate 135:military deception 57: 7804:Japanese warriors 7781: 7780: 7677:Edo period police 7143: 7142: 7000:Auxiliary armours 6816: 6815: 6620:Media related to 6606:Samurai and Ninja 6579:Ninja no seikatsu 6555:978-1-4738-5042-2 6474:978-90-813361-0-9 6455:978-90-813361-3-0 6429:978-4-04-082359-1 6406:978-4-88066-110-0 6376:978-4-12-101073-5 6361:978-4-7974-9488-4 6303:978-4-906993-76-5 6285:978-0-521-55028-4 6267:978-1-84603-220-2 6247:978-1-84176-525-9 6234:Turnbull, Stephen 6226:978-0-415-29747-9 6201:978-0-521-22355-3 6188:John Whitney Hall 6127:978-0-8048-1684-7 6109:978-0-8160-1934-2 6102:, Facts on File, 6089:978-4-569-64061-7 6071:978-4-569-65652-6 6053:978-0-07-141280-3 6035:978-4-7700-2941-6 6017:978-0-8048-3538-1 5985:978-4-04-082106-1 5967:978-4-569-67073-7 5949:978-1-57607-150-2 5931:978-90-5755-085-0 5909:978-0-471-76082-5 5888:978-0-7007-1409-4 5870:978-0-87011-436-6 5852:978-0-19-533126-4 5834:978-1-84176-933-2 5814:978-0-8048-3675-3 5793:978-0-618-22123-3 5773:978-0-415-14344-8 5755:978-0-89750-030-2 5474:on 11 March 2022. 4965:Kenji Fukui (2018 4927:Kenji Fukui (2018 4886:254: 藤堂藩を裏で支えた無足人 4051:978-1-4738-5042-2 4034:Turnbull, Stephen 3938:978-1-932897-51-7 3908:978-1-4629-0882-0 3471:978-0-8048-3927-3 3274:978-1-4833-6467-4 3207:978-4-585-22151-7 3081:is also known as 3005:978-1-84176-525-9 2996:Osprey Publishing 2478:Ninja Hattori-kun 2440:Ghost of Tsushima 2066:Mochizuki Chiyome 1999:, not ninja. The 1889:. Members of the 1855: 1854: 1524:Battle of Tennōji 1512:Battle of Tennōji 1438:Sanada Ten Braves 1381:Ashikaga Yoshiaki 1309:alliance together 1257:Tanegashima (gun) 1160:Iga–Kōka alliance 1115:Rokkaku Yoshikata 1074:Taira no Masakado 756:Antique Japanese 706:, and monks. The 512:Sekigahara battle 349:The Tale of Hōgen 320:military strategy 304:Meiji Restoration 235:(忍びの者). The word 158:and the adjacent 115:guerrilla warfare 102: 81:[ɲiꜜɲdʑa] 77: 16:(Redirected from 7831: 7758:Weapons of Japan 6993: 6934:Practice weapons 6910:Torimono sandōgu 6670: 6652: 6645: 6638: 6629: 6619: 6559: 6478: 6459: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6324: 6306: 6288: 6270: 6250: 6229: 6204: 6182: 6164: 6146: 6130: 6112: 6092: 6074: 6056: 6038: 6020: 5999: 5988: 5970: 5952: 5934: 5923: 5912: 5891: 5873: 5855: 5837: 5817: 5796: 5776: 5758: 5730: 5729:, pp. 31–33 5724: 5718: 5717:, pp. 22–23 5712: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5678: 5672: 5671: 5670:on 28 June 2022. 5666:. 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4483: 4482: 4458: 4447: 4446: 4442:History of Japan 4434: 4432: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4362: 4356: 4355: 4331: 4325: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4295: 4289: 4288:, pp. 31–32 4283: 4277: 4276: 4255: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4206:, pp. 43–44 4201: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4155:, pp. 58–60 4150: 4144: 4141:Chamberlain 2005 4138: 4132: 4126: 4117: 4116: 4114: 4112: 4089: 4080: 4074: 4068: 4062: 4056: 4055: 4030: 4024: 4023: 4017: 4009: 4001: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3977: 3971: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3892: 3886: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3824: 3822: 3807: 3801: 3795: 3789: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3738: 3732: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3703: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3670: 3664: 3651: 3645: 3639: 3633: 3627: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3595: 3584: 3578: 3565: 3559: 3550: 3544: 3533: 3519: 3506: 3505:, pp. 44–46 3500: 3491: 3485: 3476: 3475: 3451: 3440: 3434: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3412:, 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from the 666:mokuton-no-jutsu 605:Stephen Turnbull 577:Mikawa Go Fudoki 565:A page from the 531: 529: 528: 376:shinobi-no-jutsu 343:Stephen Turnbull 108: 106:[ɕinobi] 97: 95: 83: 72: 70: 21: 7839: 7838: 7834: 7833: 7832: 7830: 7829: 7828: 7784: 7783: 7782: 7777: 7763:Japanese swords 7753:Japanese armour 7744: 7658: 7591: 7531: 7489: 7431: 7385: 7339: 7286: 7212: 7139: 7088: 6982: 6929: 6855: 6812: 6796:Sword polishing 6791:Sword mountings 6767: 6659: 6656: 6597: 6592: 6556: 6541: 6498:Shinobi no buki 6475: 6462: 6456: 6443: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6411: 6383:Buke Myōmokushō 6332: 6330:Further reading 6327: 6322: 6309: 6304: 6291: 6286: 6273: 6268: 6253: 6248: 6232: 6227: 6213:Rambelli, Fabio 6207: 6202: 6185: 6180: 6167: 6162: 6149: 6138:, John Murray, 6133: 6128: 6115: 6110: 6095: 6090: 6077: 6072: 6059: 6054: 6041: 6036: 6023: 6018: 6002: 5991: 5986: 5973: 5968: 5955: 5950: 5937: 5932: 5915: 5910: 5896:Friday, Karl F. 5894: 5889: 5876: 5871: 5858: 5853: 5840: 5835: 5820: 5815: 5799: 5794: 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2728:, iron caltrops 2721: 2712: 2704: 2695: 2687: 2678: 2672: 2663: 2657: 2648: 2642: 2633: 2621: 2612: 2505: 2391:), television ( 2376:Enter the Ninja 2361:Ninja Bugei-cho 2330: 2281:and researches 2215: 2190: 2169: 2163: 2151:Denrinbō Raikei 2125:Settsu Province 2044:Ishikawa Goemon 2032:Tokugawa Ieyasu 2018:Yagyū Munetoshi 1955: 1868: 1862: 1807:Hirosaki Domain 1738:Ishikawa Goemon 1676: 1673: 1650: 1647: 1636:Christian cross 1610: 1607: 1574:Matsudaira clan 1537: 1419: 1357:Honda Tadakatsu 1353:Sakai Tadatsugu 1329:arduous journey 1325: 1305:Tokugawa Ieyasu 1267:Hatano Hideharu 1162: 1150:Main articles: 1148: 1136:Kizawa Nagamasa 1119:Sawayama Castle 1032: 1027: 1026: 1025: 1024: 1008: 1007: 1006: 997: 989: 988: 967: 956: 950: 825:grappling hooks 800:Karuta (armour) 792:Japanese armour 785:shinobi shōzoku 750: 708:Buke Myōmokushō 680:suiton-no-jutsu 588:Buke Myōmokushō 559: 534:survival skills 523: 455:as well as the 316: 233:shinobi-no-mono 53:Woodblock print 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 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5971: 5966: 5953: 5948: 5935: 5930: 5913: 5908: 5892: 5887: 5874: 5869: 5856: 5851: 5838: 5833: 5818: 5813: 5797: 5792: 5777: 5772: 5759: 5754: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5731: 5719: 5707: 5694:978-1843847038 5693: 5673: 5650: 5621: 5595: 5570: 5548: 5526: 5503: 5490:Sankei Oneline 5477: 5441: 5429: 5400: 5388: 5376: 5364: 5352: 5340: 5328: 5316: 5304: 5292: 5277: 5273:Kawaguchi 2008 5265: 5253: 5241: 5229: 5217: 5205: 5176: 5164: 5152: 5140: 5128: 5116: 5104: 5087: 5075: 5060: 5048: 5033: 5014: 4995: 4976: 4967:, p. 165) 4957: 4948:, p. 695) 4938: 4929:, p. 165) 4919: 4900: 4871: 4862:978-4128001354 4861: 4843: 4818: 4799: 4780: 4761: 4742: 4730: 4718: 4706: 4694: 4680: 4657: 4643: 4624: 4610: 4590: 4565: 4536: 4509: 4484: 4448: 4413: 4403: 4385: 4375: 4357: 4351:Kunio Yanagita 4344: 4336:刀狩り: 武器を封印した民衆 4326: 4314: 4302: 4290: 4278: 4270:Mie University 4252:Mie University 4232: 4220: 4208: 4193: 4181: 4169: 4157: 4145: 4133: 4118: 4081: 4069: 4057: 4050: 4025: 3996: 3984: 3972: 3947: 3937: 3917: 3907: 3887: 3876:on 3 July 2022 3857: 3831: 3802: 3790: 3778: 3766: 3754: 3739: 3722: 3710: 3695: 3683: 3671: 3652: 3640: 3628: 3616: 3603:Sankei Oneline 3585: 3566: 3551: 3534: 3507: 3492: 3477: 3470: 3441: 3426: 3414: 3399: 3384: 3367: 3352: 3328: 3319:Sankei Shimbun 3304: 3302:, p. 144. 3292: 3280: 3273: 3252: 3240: 3225: 3213: 3206: 3194:Mie University 3179: 3159: 3130: 3114: 3095: 3062: 3047: 3035: 3023: 3004: 2980: 2978:, pp. 5–6 2964: 2963: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2954: 2942:Sengoku period 2924: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2853: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2836: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2817: 2815: 2807: 2800: 2798: 2790: 2783: 2781: 2773: 2766: 2764: 2756: 2749: 2747: 2739: 2732: 2730: 2722: 2715: 2713: 2711:, a cane sword 2705: 2698: 2696: 2688: 2681: 2679: 2673: 2666: 2664: 2658: 2651: 2649: 2643: 2636: 2634: 2631:Iwakuni Castle 2622: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2567:misinformation 2504: 2501: 2388:Ninja Assassin 2329: 2328:Entertainments 2326: 2302:Mie Prefecture 2294:Mie University 2287:Mie University 2256:Mie University 2214: 2211: 2165:Main article: 2162: 2159: 2143:Mie University 2139: 2138: 2135: 2128: 2110: 2107:Karasawa Genba 2104: 2101:Tateoka Doshun 2098: 2092: 2081: 2073: 2063: 2051: 2041: 2025: 2015: 2012:Takeda Shingen 2004: 1954: 1951: 1887:secret service 1864:Main article: 1861: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1843: 1842: 1839: 1837:Okayama Domain 1833: 1832: 1829: 1823: 1822: 1819: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1793: 1792: 1789: 1787:Kawagoe Domain 1783: 1782: 1779: 1773: 1772: 1769: 1763: 1762: 1759: 1750: 1749: 1671: 1645: 1605: 1570:Hizen Province 1560:rebels led by 1516:Siege of Osaka 1500:siege of Osaka 1457:Naoe Kanetsugu 1426:Takeda Shingen 1418: 1415: 1369:Ochimusha-gari 1361:Ochimusha-gari 1343:Ochimusha-gari 1335:and return to 1324: 1321: 1279:Tenshō Iga War 1188:Mie Prefecture 1168:The plains of 1147: 1144: 1087:Tamon-in Nikki 1066:Prince Shōtoku 1031: 1028: 1010: 1009: 998: 991: 990: 968: 961: 960: 959: 958: 957: 949: 946: 749: 746: 698: 697: 694:doton-no-jutsu 683: 672:Ukigusa-gakure 669: 655: 652:katon-no-jutsu 634:Naoe Kanetsugu 630:Ōu Eikei Gunki 618:Sengoku period 558: 555: 457:Imperial court 386:However, some 325:The Art of War 315: 312: 267:colloquialisms 171:Following the 139:Sengoku period 133:missions, and 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7836: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7791: 7789: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7750: 7747: 7741: 7740: 7736: 7734: 7733: 7729: 7727: 7726: 7722: 7720: 7719: 7715: 7713: 7712: 7708: 7706: 7705: 7701: 7699: 7698: 7694: 7692: 7691: 7687: 7685: 7684: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7672: 7668: 7667: 7665: 7661: 7655: 7654: 7650: 7648: 7647: 7643: 7641: 7640: 7636: 7634: 7633: 7629: 7627: 7626: 7622: 7620: 7619: 7615: 7613: 7612: 7608: 7606: 7605: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7594: 7588: 7587: 7583: 7581: 7580: 7576: 7574: 7573: 7569: 7567: 7566: 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6148: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6132: 6129: 6123: 6119: 6114: 6111: 6105: 6101: 6100: 6094: 6091: 6085: 6081: 6076: 6073: 6067: 6063: 6058: 6055: 6049: 6045: 6040: 6037: 6031: 6027: 6022: 6019: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5996: 5990: 5987: 5981: 5977: 5972: 5969: 5963: 5959: 5954: 5951: 5945: 5941: 5936: 5933: 5927: 5924:, Routledge, 5922: 5921: 5914: 5911: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5890: 5884: 5881:, Routledge, 5880: 5875: 5872: 5866: 5862: 5857: 5854: 5848: 5844: 5839: 5836: 5830: 5826: 5825: 5819: 5816: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5795: 5789: 5785: 5784: 5778: 5775: 5769: 5765: 5760: 5757: 5751: 5747: 5742: 5741: 5736: 5728: 5723: 5720: 5716: 5715:Turnbull 2003 5711: 5708: 5696: 5690: 5686: 5685: 5677: 5674: 5669: 5665: 5661: 5654: 5651: 5646: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5630: 5628: 5626: 5622: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5596: 5583: 5577: 5575: 5571: 5558: 5552: 5549: 5537:. Iganinja.jp 5536: 5530: 5527: 5514: 5507: 5504: 5491: 5487: 5481: 5478: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5437:Turnbull 2003 5433: 5430: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5392: 5389: 5386:, p. 671 5385: 5380: 5377: 5374:, p. 160 5373: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5356: 5353: 5349: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5332: 5329: 5325: 5320: 5317: 5313: 5308: 5305: 5301: 5296: 5293: 5289: 5288:Turnbull 2003 5284: 5282: 5278: 5275:, p. 215 5274: 5269: 5266: 5263:, p. 443 5262: 5257: 5254: 5251:, p. 176 5250: 5245: 5242: 5239:, p. 180 5238: 5233: 5230: 5226: 5221: 5218: 5214: 5209: 5206: 5193: 5189: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5156: 5153: 5149: 5144: 5141: 5138:, p. 122 5137: 5132: 5129: 5125: 5124:Turnbull 2003 5120: 5117: 5113: 5112:Turnbull 2003 5108: 5105: 5101: 5100:Turnbull 2003 5096: 5094: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5083:Turnbull 2003 5079: 5076: 5072: 5071:Turnbull 2003 5067: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5056:Turnbull 2003 5052: 5049: 5045: 5044:Turnbull 2003 5040: 5038: 5034: 5029: 5024:, p. 48) 5023: 5018: 5015: 5010: 5005:, p. 48) 5004: 4999: 4996: 4991: 4986:, p. 55) 4985: 4980: 4977: 4972: 4966: 4961: 4958: 4953: 4947: 4942: 4939: 4934: 4928: 4923: 4920: 4915: 4910:, p. 55) 4909: 4904: 4901: 4888: 4887: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4868:(in Japanese) 4864: 4858: 4854: 4847: 4844: 4831: 4830: 4822: 4819: 4814: 4808: 4807:Nakayama 2015 4803: 4800: 4795: 4790:, p. 48) 4789: 4784: 4781: 4776: 4771:, p. 55) 4770: 4765: 4762: 4757: 4752:, p. 58) 4751: 4746: 4743: 4739: 4734: 4731: 4727: 4722: 4719: 4715: 4714:Turnbull 2003 4710: 4707: 4703: 4702:Turnbull 2003 4698: 4695: 4683: 4681:9781473850439 4677: 4673: 4672: 4667: 4661: 4658: 4646: 4644:9781440842719 4640: 4636: 4635: 4628: 4625: 4613: 4611:9781462902873 4607: 4603: 4602: 4594: 4591: 4578: 4577: 4569: 4566: 4554: 4553:東京大学史料編纂所報第２号 4547: 4540: 4537: 4524: 4523:Sankei online 4520: 4513: 4510: 4497: 4496: 4488: 4485: 4480: 4476: 4473:. 愛知県: 1–15. 4472: 4468: 4464: 4461:藤田達生 (2005). 4457: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4426: 4425: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4400: 4396: 4389: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4368: 4361: 4358: 4354: 4352: 4347: 4341: 4337: 4330: 4327: 4323: 4318: 4315: 4311: 4310:Turnbull 2003 4306: 4303: 4300:, p. 357 4299: 4294: 4291: 4287: 4286:Turnbull 2003 4282: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4262: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4244: 4236: 4233: 4230:, pp. 23 4229: 4228:Turnbull 2003 4224: 4221: 4218:, p. 165 4217: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4204:Turnbull 2003 4200: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4189:Turnbull 2003 4185: 4182: 4178: 4177:Turnbull 2003 4173: 4170: 4166: 4165:Turnbull 2003 4161: 4158: 4154: 4149: 4146: 4142: 4137: 4134: 4131:, pp. 34 4130: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4070: 4067:, p. 119 4066: 4061: 4058: 4053: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4029: 4026: 4021: 4015: 4007: 4000: 3997: 3993: 3988: 3985: 3981: 3976: 3973: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3934: 3930: 3929: 3921: 3918: 3914: 3910: 3904: 3900: 3899: 3891: 3888: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3828: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3798:Turnbull 2003 3794: 3791: 3788:, p. 121 3787: 3782: 3779: 3775: 3774:Turnbull 2003 3770: 3767: 3763: 3762:Turnbull 2003 3758: 3755: 3751: 3750:Turnbull 2003 3746: 3744: 3740: 3737:, p. 128 3736: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3718:Turnbull 2003 3714: 3711: 3707: 3706:Turnbull 2003 3702: 3700: 3696: 3693:, p. 161 3692: 3687: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3672: 3669:, p. 125 3668: 3663: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3653: 3650:, p. 149 3649: 3648:Turnbull 2007 3644: 3641: 3637: 3636:Turnbull 2003 3632: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3617: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3581:Turnbull 2003 3577: 3575: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3564:, p. 325 3563: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3547:Turnbull 2003 3543: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3522:Turnbull 2003 3518: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3503:Turnbull 2003 3499: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3488:Turnbull 2003 3484: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3458: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3437:Turnbull 2003 3433: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3418: 3415: 3411: 3410:Turnbull 2003 3406: 3404: 3400: 3397:, p. 121 3396: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3380:Turnbull 2003 3376: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3365:, p. 327 3364: 3359: 3357: 3353: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3332: 3329: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3308: 3305: 3301: 3300:Turnbull 2007 3296: 3293: 3289: 3288:Turnbull 2003 3284: 3281: 3276: 3270: 3266: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3248:Turnbull 2003 3244: 3241: 3237: 3236:Turnbull 2003 3232: 3230: 3226: 3223:, p. 324 3222: 3217: 3214: 3209: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3188: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3149: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3104: 3099: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3083:Shinobi Hiden 3080: 3076: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3063: 3060:, p. 355 3059: 3054: 3052: 3048: 3045:, p. 715 3044: 3043:Frederic 2002 3039: 3036: 3032: 3027: 3024: 3011: 3007: 3001: 2998:. p. 5. 2997: 2993: 2992: 2984: 2981: 2977: 2976:Turnbull 2003 2972: 2970: 2966: 2959: 2951: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2919: 2914: 2910: 2907: 2905: 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1798: 1797:Matsue Domain 1795: 1794: 1790: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1774: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1764: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1717: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1687: 1682: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1658: 1656: 1644: 1639: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1620: 1617:The ruins of 1615: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1588: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1578:Amakusa Gunki 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1562:Amakusa Shirō 1559: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1546: 1531: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1504:Hattori Hanzō 1501: 1496: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1475:Tōdō Takatora 1471: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1441: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1394: 1392: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1376: 1374: 1373:Kameyama town 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1313:Tokugawa clan 1310: 1306: 1302: 1301:Kii Mountains 1298: 1297: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1271:Azuchi Castle 1268: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1253: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1217: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1180: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1145: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1088: 1085:In 1541, the 1083: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1058: 1053: 1052:Yamato Takeru 1049: 1041: 1036: 1030:Early history 1029: 1022: 1020: 1014: 1004: 1003: 995: 985: 980: 978: 972: 965: 955: 947: 945: 943: 939: 938: 933: 932: 927: 923: 919: 915: 914: 909: 908: 902: 901: 895: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 854: 848: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 818: 817: 811: 807: 805: 801: 797: 793: 788: 786: 782: 780: 775: 767: 763: 759: 754: 747: 745: 743: 742: 737: 736: 731: 730: 725: 721: 720: 715: 714: 709: 705: 704: 695: 691: 687: 684: 681: 677: 673: 670: 667: 663: 659: 658:Tanuki-gakure 656: 653: 649: 646: 645: 644: 642: 637: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 606: 602: 597: 593: 589: 584: 582: 578: 570: 569: 563: 556: 554: 552: 548: 543: 539: 535: 522: 521: 515: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 494: 490: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 449: 445: 437: 436: 431: 427: 423: 422: 416: 412: 410: 409: 404: 403: 398: 394: 389: 383: 381: 377: 373: 372: 365: 363: 360: 359: 354: 351: 350: 344: 339: 337: 336: 331: 327: 326: 321: 313: 311: 309: 305: 300: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 277: 273:was in 1964. 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 244: 243: 238: 234: 230: 226: 225: 220: 216: 212: 211: 206: 199: 194: 190: 188: 187: 182: 178: 174: 169: 167: 166: 161: 160:Kōka District 157: 153: 152: 147: 142: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 120: 116: 112: 107: 100: 91: 87: 82: 75: 66: 62: 54: 50: 45: 41: 37: 34: and 33: 19: 7737: 7730: 7723: 7716: 7709: 7702: 7695: 7689: 7688: 7681: 7669: 7651: 7644: 7637: 7630: 7623: 7616: 7611:Hata-jirushi 7609: 7602: 7584: 7577: 7570: 7563: 7556: 7549: 7542: 7524: 7517: 7510: 7503: 7482: 7475: 7468: 7461: 7454: 7447: 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Retrieved 2990: 2983: 2928: 2866:Japan portal 2842: 2810:Kusari-fundo 2808: 2791: 2774: 2758: 2741: 2723: 2706: 2689: 2674: 2659: 2647:, hand claws 2644: 2624: 2601: 2595: 2589: 2587: 2575: 2570: 2554: 2543:invisibility 2535:supernatural 2528: 2516: 2512: 2494: 2488: 2482: 2476: 2470: 2460: 2456:Ninja Scroll 2454: 2448: 2438: 2432: 2426: 2422:Ninja Gaiden 2420: 2414: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2386: 2380: 2374: 2364: 2360: 2354: 2331: 2310: 2306: 2291: 2282: 2274: 2270: 2264: 2260: 2252: 2224: 2206: 2196: 2140: 2121:Oda Nobunaga 2089:Bansenshukai 2088: 2084: 2078:Kii Province 2057: 2048:Oda Nobunaga 2035: 2022:Shinkage-ryū 2008:Obu Toramasa 1993:Kumawakamaru 1987:, 1842–1843. 1977:Kumawakamaru 1968: 1956: 1944: 1940:Bansenshūkai 1938: 1937:(1655), the 1932: 1928: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1894: 1890: 1878: 1877:founded the 1869: 1858: 1817:Fukui Domain 1767:Kishū Domain 1753: 1746: 1729: 1723: 1719: 1713: 1708: 1690: 1684: 1678: 1666: 1662: 1660: 1652: 1641: 1631:Imagawa clan 1623: 1596: 1590: 1586: 1582:Ōmi Province 1577: 1548: 1542: 1520:Osaka Castle 1497: 1490: 1483:Ise Province 1472: 1461: 1442: 1422: 1420: 1397: 1395: 1390:Ietada nikki 1388: 1385:Iga Province 1377: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1342: 1326: 1295: 1290:Oda Nobunaga 1284: 1274: 1263: 1261: 1254: 1245: 1242:Imagawa clan 1235: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1214: 1212: 1204:Nochi Kagami 1203: 1199: 1184:Iga Province 1177: 1175: 1133: 1126: 1122: 1121:, led by a 1112: 1107: 1100:ichi-no-maru 1099: 1095: 1086: 1084: 1077: 1055: 1047: 1046:The term of 1045: 1000: 970: 935: 929: 917: 911: 905: 898: 896: 891: 887: 883: 879: 878: 869: 865: 857: 851: 849: 829:Bansenshukai 828: 822: 814: 803: 789: 784: 779:Bansenshūkai 777: 771: 765: 764:(hood) with 761: 757: 739: 733: 727: 717: 711: 707: 701: 699: 693: 686:Uzura-gakure 685: 679: 671: 665: 657: 651: 647: 640: 638: 629: 622:Miyoshi clan 613: 601:Nochi Kagami 600: 587: 585: 576: 574: 566: 546: 541: 537: 518: 516: 495: 492: 488: 484: 480: 472: 468: 460: 452: 446: 441: 433: 421:Bansenshūkai 419: 406: 400: 397:Bansenshūkai 396: 393:Kanrin Seiyō 392: 387: 385: 380:shinobijutsu 379: 375: 369: 367: 361: 356: 352: 347: 340: 333: 323: 317: 307: 301: 296: 292: 288: 284: 274: 270: 262: 254: 246: 240: 236: 232: 228: 222: 208: 204: 203: 186:Bansenshūkai 184: 176: 170: 163: 156:Iga Province 149: 143: 123:feudal Japan 85: 60: 58: 40: 7718:Shinsengumi 7653:Uma-jirushi 7526:Tanegashima 7274:Uchi-bukuro 7260:Kubi bukuro 7253:Kate-bukuro 6850:Yoroi-dōshi 6807:Tameshigiri 5664:Soranews 24 5515:. Bbc.co.uk 5249:Yamada 2019 5237:Yamada 2019 5225:Yamada 2019 5213:Yamada 2019 5172:Yamada 2019 5160:Yamada 2019 5148:Crowdy 2006 4558:16 November 4167:, p. 7 4153:Friday 2007 4100:: 146–170. 3816:Japan Daily 3679:Crowdy 2006 3382:, p. 9 3290:, p. 6 3250:, p. 5 3171:, 2nd ed.; 3031:Crowdy 2006 2759:Bo-shuriken 2742:Bo-shuriken 2588:The use of 2583:hang glider 2513:Sendai Hagi 2411:video games 2191: 1843 2054:Fūma Kotarō 1905:oniwabanshū 1734:Fūma Kotarō 1681:underground 1667:san-no-maru 1619:Hara Castle 1566:Hara Castle 1538: 1770 1453:Mogami clan 1413:Shogunate. 1096:San-no-maru 880:Goshiki-mai 471:), ambush ( 287:, katakana 144:During the 7788:Categories 7697:Onna-musha 7558:Metsubushi 7505:Bajō-zutsu 7313:Kusarigama 7100:Brigandine 6903:Sodegarami 6829:Kabutowari 6734:Shikomizue 5563:30 October 5541:30 October 5519:30 October 5396:Adams 1970 5384:Green 2001 5372:Adams 1970 5360:Adams 1970 4738:Adams 1970 4579:. KADOKAWA 4438:Luís Fróis 4404:4404020732 4376:4059010421 4345:4004309654 4298:Green 2001 4077:Adams 1970 3992:Adams 1970 3980:Adams 1970 3422:Green 2001 3146:used for " 3143:Man'yōgana 3075:Green 2001 3058:Green 2001 2960:References 2838:Chain mail 2793:Kusarigama 2708:Shikomizue 2645:Tekko-kagi 2626:kusarigama 2623:A pair of 2563:Edo period 2531:Superhuman 2400:The Master 2199:Edo period 2095:Katō Danzō 1847:Akō Domain 1663:ni-no-maru 1597:ni-no-maru 1508:Ii Naotora 1449:Edo Castle 1402:Edo period 1375:and Iga, 1349:Ii Naomasa 1108:ni-no-maru 1106:) and the 1040:Yoshitoshi 952:See also: 937:kusarigama 924:, spikes, 741:shakuhachi 551:adaptation 508:Ii Naomasa 504:explosives 493:jōnin, and 426:divination 368:So-called 322:, such as 291:and kanji 217:) the two 121:expert in 117:and later 7739:Yamabushi 7646:Sashimono 7625:Kabura-ya 7456:Makibishi 7443:Artillery 7352:Hachiwari 7299:Chigiriki 7165:Hachimaki 7062:Men-yoroi 6977:Tanren bō 6882:Kama-yari 6875:Hoko yari 6762:Wakizashi 6491:122985441 6346:222455224 5902:, Wiley, 5422:20 August 5198:20 August 4216:Deal 2007 4014:cite book 3691:Deal 2007 3016:1 October 2940:, during 2920:Footnotes 2776:Chigiriki 2725:Makibishi 2591:Kuji-kiri 2555:kuchiyose 2462:Gatchaman 2292:in 2017, 2265:In 2012, 2243:makibishi 2231:Hojo clan 2203:folktales 2184:Kuniyoshi 2001:yamabushi 1985:Kuniyoshi 1758:(domain) 1709:bakumatsu 1686:bakumatsu 1558:Christian 1250:castellan 1221:shirotori 1179:jizamurai 1156:Kōka ikki 1134:In 1561, 1113:In 1558, 1091:Kōfuku-ji 1054:. In the 886:; shiki, 713:yamabushi 610:terrorism 596:Espionage 581:passwords 408:kuji-kiri 402:makibishi 306:in 1868, 242:Man'yōshū 151:jizamurai 131:espionage 119:bodyguard 111:mercenary 7732:Yabusame 7683:Kunoichi 7671:Ashigaru 7586:Suntetsu 7497:and guns 7495:Firearms 7470:Shuriken 7246:Kaginawa 7158:Fundoshi 7149:Clothing 7110:Lamellar 7027:Haramaki 6970:Suburitō 6896:Sasumata 6889:Naginata 6785:Horimono 6779:Glossary 6713:Nagamaki 6685:Dōtanuki 6587:20045825 6572:66598671 6536:51008989 6521:22727254 6506:22358689 6391:42921561 6236:(2003), 6215:(2002), 6006:(2004), 5898:(2007), 5803:(2005), 5608:Archived 5416:Archived 5338:Kotobank 5192:Archived 4668:(2017). 4065:Mol 2003 4036:(2018). 4006:Ninjutsu 3965:14 April 3880:14 April 3850:14 April 3821:14 April 3786:Mol 2003 3200:. 勉誠出版. 3106:Archived 3079:Ninpiden 3010:Archived 2915:Appendix 2889:Khevtuul 2874:Kunoichi 2852:See also 2691:Kaginawa 2603:ninjutsu 2537:such as 2523:Kunisada 2472:Basilisk 2344:shuriken 2315:city in 2283:ninjutsu 2275:ninjutsu 2271:ninjutsu 2239:shuriken 2147:Ureshino 2037:ninjutsu 1949:(1681). 1946:Shōninki 1934:Ninpiden 1929:ninjutsu 1901:oniwaban 1891:oniwaban 1879:oniwaban 1866:Oniwaban 1859:Oniwaban 1730:ninjutsu 1725:oniwaban 1722:and the 1701:Hirosaki 1672:— 1665:and the 1646:— 1606:— 1599:(second 1556:against 1410:Oniwaban 1225:de facto 1186:(modern 1152:Iga ikki 1079:Taiheiki 977:onnagata 954:Ninjutsu 942:shrapnel 931:shuriken 858:mizugumo 853:mizugumo 816:Ninpiden 804:katabira 729:sarugaku 724:Minstrel 676:duckweed 641:ninjutsu 568:Shōninki 547:ninjutsu 542:ninjutsu 538:ninjutsu 520:ninjutsu 477:Agitprop 469:teisatsu 444:Tokugawa 388:ninjutsu 371:ninjutsu 314:Overview 297:kunoichi 276:Kunoichi 224:kun'yomi 189:(1676). 90:Japanese 65:Japanese 7711:Samurai 7618:Horagai 7572:Ōtsuchi 7519:Ōdzutsu 7512:Bo-hiya 7426:Yubi-bo 7306:Kubotan 7200:Uwa-obi 7186:Shitagi 7115:Laminar 7069:Ō-yoroi 7020:Dō-maru 6963:Shinken 6917:Tsukubō 6868:Bisento 6755:Tsurugi 6720:Ninjatō 6706:Kodachi 6678:Chokutō 6435:14 July 6190:(ed.), 6144:1309476 5700:30 June 5614:26 June 5588:26 June 5496:27 June 4529:24 June 4111:7 March 3609:27 June 3155:shinobi 3148:shinobi 2909:Sicarii 2840:shirt ( 2610:Gallery 2597:bujutsu 2525:, 1857. 2518:kuji-in 2416:Shinobi 2394:Akakage 2201:, when 2176:Jiraiya 1919:daimyōs 1915:shinobi 1720:onmitsu 1595:to the 1487:Iga-ryū 1365:samurai 1216:daimyōs 1140:Maibara 1102:(inner 1042:, 1886. 973:, this 948:History 918:ninjatō 913:ninjatō 890:; mai, 870:ukidari 837:hammers 833:chisels 662:foliage 648:Hitsuke 614:samurai 586:In his 557:Tactics 500:poisons 453:daimyōs 435:onmyōdō 335:daimyōs 330:Sun Tzu 308:shinobi 247:shinobi 237:shinobi 229:shinobi 210:on'yomi 207:is the 177:shinobi 162:formed 101: 86:shinobi 76: 7639:Saihai 7632:Nobori 7604:Gunbai 7551:Kiseru 7449:Fukiya 7380:Tessen 7373:Tekkan 7366:Kanabō 7281:Yebira 7232:Daishō 7207:Waraji 7179:Kyahan 7172:Hakama 7083:Tatami 7055:Kusari 7041:Karuta 7034:Kabuto 6988:Armour 6956:Shinai 6942:Bokken 6836:Kaiken 6727:Ōdachi 6699:Katana 6665:Swords 6585: 6570: 6552: 6534: 6519: 6504: 6489: 6471: 6452: 6426: 6404: 6389: 6374: 6359: 6344: 6318: 6300: 6282: 6264: 6244: 6223: 6198: 6176: 6158: 6142: 6124: 6106: 6086: 6068: 6050: 6032: 6014: 5982: 5964: 5946: 5928: 5906: 5885: 5867: 5849: 5831: 5811: 5790: 5770: 5752: 5691: 4893:11 May 4859: 4836:11 May 4687:10 May 4678: 4650:10 May 4641: 4617:10 May 4608: 4583:10 May 4502:10 May 4467:愛知県史研究 4401: 4395:天皇と天下人 4373: 4342: 4048: 3935: 3905: 3468: 3271: 3204: 3085:, and 3002: 2675:Ashiko 2660:Ashiko 2539:flight 2450:Naruto 2434:Sekiro 2428:Tenchu 2371:movies 2350:kabuki 2336:kuroko 2207:daimyō 2070:geisha 1981:bamboo 1896:daimyō 1872:shogun 1601:bailey 1576:, the 1550:shōgun 1468:Hikone 1423:daimyō 1337:Mikawa 1292:. The 1275:Iranki 1264:daimyō 1158:, and 1123:chūnin 1104:bailey 1062:Kumaso 1057:Kojiki 1019:kuroko 1013:kabuki 984:kuroko 928:, and 926:knives 900:katana 874:bucket 843:, and 841:drills 774:rocket 766:kusari 735:komusō 489:chūnin 481:konran 475:), and 461:kanchō 448:bakufu 200:script 18:Ninjas 7794:Ninja 7725:Sōhei 7704:Rōnin 7690:Ninja 7663:Users 7579:Shobo 7463:Oyumi 7419:Tanbō 7405:Hanbō 7359:Jitte 7334:Jōhyō 7225:Abumi 7135:Scale 7125:Plate 7093:Types 7076:Sangu 7048:Kikko 6949:Iaitō 6843:Kunai 6748:Tantō 6741:Tachi 6692:Guntō 6622:Ninja 6418:[ 6415:戦国の忍び 4549:(PDF) 4431:9 May 3198:忍者の誕生 2950:Rōnin 2578:kites 2484:Azumi 2467:manga 2445:anime 2357:manga 2300:(now 2085:jōnin 1771:200+ 1643:days. 1568:, in 1333:Sakai 1283:Kōka 1230:shugo 1048:ninja 922:darts 907:tsuba 888:color 882:(go, 845:picks 762:zukin 758:gappa 719:tantō 703:rōnin 690:stone 639:Most 496:genin 485:jōnin 473:kishu 465:scout 424:uses 281:argot 271:ninja 263:ninja 219:kanji 205:Ninja 198:kanji 127:siege 113:, or 84:) or 61:ninja 7544:Kama 7484:Yumi 7267:Kura 7239:Horo 7193:Tabi 7120:Mail 7105:Lame 7006:Bōgu 6924:Yari 6583:OCLC 6568:OCLC 6550:ISBN 6532:OCLC 6517:OCLC 6502:OCLC 6487:OCLC 6469:ISBN 6450:ISBN 6437:2024 6424:ISBN 6402:ISBN 6387:OCLC 6372:ISBN 6357:ISBN 6342:OCLC 6316:ISBN 6298:ISBN 6280:ISBN 6262:ISBN 6242:ISBN 6221:ISBN 6196:ISBN 6174:ISBN 6156:ISBN 6140:OCLC 6122:ISBN 6104:ISBN 6084:ISBN 6066:ISBN 6048:ISBN 6030:ISBN 6012:ISBN 5995:伊賀百筆 5980:ISBN 5962:ISBN 5944:ISBN 5926:ISBN 5904:ISBN 5883:ISBN 5865:ISBN 5847:ISBN 5829:ISBN 5809:ISBN 5788:ISBN 5768:ISBN 5750:ISBN 5702:2024 5689:ISBN 5616:2020 5590:2020 5565:2013 5543:2013 5521:2013 5498:2024 5424:2018 5350:忍者名鑑 5324:大膳神社 5200:2018 5028:help 5009:help 4990:help 4971:help 4952:help 4933:help 4914:help 4895:2024 4857:ISBN 4838:2024 4813:help 4794:help 4775:help 4756:help 4689:2024 4676:ISBN 4652:2024 4639:ISBN 4619:2024 4606:ISBN 4585:2024 4560:2022 4531:2024 4504:2024 4433:2024 4399:ISBN 4371:ISBN 4340:ISBN 4113:2023 4046:ISBN 4020:link 3967:2022 3933:ISBN 3903:ISBN 3882:2022 3852:2022 3823:2022 3611:2024 3466:ISBN 3269:ISBN 3202:ISBN 3018:2011 3000:ISBN 2313:Kōka 2180:toad 2119:and 1924:koku 1885:and 1736:and 1705:Saga 1703:and 1655:moss 1593:moat 1355:and 1296:ikki 1294:Iga 1285:ikki 892:rice 884:five 798:and 502:and 428:and 378:and 355:and 293:ichi 255:Mono 165:ikki 99:lit. 74:lit. 7565:Ono 4475:doi 4102:doi 3343:NHK 2533:or 2465:), 2443:), 2409:), 2369:), 2298:Iga 1962:or 1841:10 1831:10 1821:12 1811:20 1801:30 1791:50 1781:50 1755:Han 1697:Tsu 1692:Han 1492:Han 1479:Tsu 1233:. 1170:Iga 1128:mon 999:In 969:In 726:or 463:), 338:. 328:by 7790:: 7477:Ya 7412:Jō 7398:Bō 7013:Dō 6211:; 5662:. 5639:. 5624:^ 5573:^ 5466:. 5444:^ 5414:. 5403:^ 5348:熊若 5336:透波 5280:^ 5190:. 5179:^ 5090:^ 5063:^ 5036:^ 4874:^ 4551:. 4469:. 4465:. 4451:^ 4435:. 4407:. 4379:. 4348:. 4272:. 4268:. 4264:. 4256:; 4250:. 4246:. 4196:^ 4121:^ 4096:. 4084:^ 4044:. 4040:. 4016:}} 4012:{{ 3958:. 3941:. 3911:. 3868:. 3842:. 3825:. 3814:. 3742:^ 3725:^ 3698:^ 3655:^ 3601:. 3588:^ 3569:^ 3554:^ 3537:^ 3510:^ 3495:^ 3480:^ 3464:. 3462:47 3444:^ 3429:^ 3402:^ 3387:^ 3370:^ 3355:^ 3255:^ 3228:^ 3182:^ 3128:". 3065:^ 3050:^ 3008:. 2994:. 2968:^ 2549:, 2545:, 2541:, 2481:, 2475:, 2459:, 2453:, 2437:, 2431:, 2425:, 2419:, 2403:, 2397:, 2385:, 2379:, 2289:. 2188:c. 2186:, 2157:. 1851:5 1740:. 1699:, 1535:c. 1526:. 1440:. 1351:, 1210:. 1154:, 847:. 839:, 835:, 722:. 696:). 682:). 668:). 654:). 594:. 553:. 527:忍術 514:. 289:no 285:ku 148:, 129:, 96:, 94:忍び 92:: 71:, 69:忍者 67:: 59:A 51:. 6651:e 6644:t 6637:v 6589:. 6574:. 6558:. 6538:. 6523:. 6508:. 6493:. 6477:. 6458:. 6439:. 6408:. 6393:. 6378:. 6363:. 6348:. 5704:. 5618:. 5592:. 5567:. 5545:. 5523:. 5500:. 5426:. 5202:. 5030:) 5011:) 4992:) 4973:) 4954:) 4935:) 4916:) 4897:. 4865:. 4840:. 4815:) 4809:. 4796:) 4777:) 4758:) 4691:. 4654:. 4621:. 4587:. 4562:. 4533:. 4506:. 4481:. 4477:: 4471:9 4440:; 4324:. 4254:. 4115:. 4104:: 4054:. 4022:) 3969:. 3884:. 3854:. 3613:. 3474:. 3277:. 3210:. 3157:. 3151:" 3112:. 3093:. 3020:. 2846:) 2581:" 2469:( 2447:( 2413:( 2373:( 2193:. 2134:. 2127:. 2091:. 2014:. 1363:( 1345:" 1341:" 987:. 864:( 781:. 530:) 524:( 479:( 467:( 432:( 259:者 257:( 251:忍 249:( 213:( 88:( 63:( 38:. 20:)

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