31:
1499:, and so probably dominate in oligotrophic conditions. Their ammonia oxidation pathway requires less oxygen than that of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, so they do better in environments with low oxygen concentrations like sediments and hot springs. Ammonia-oxidizing Nitrososphaerota can be identified metagenomically by the presence of archaeal ammonia monooxygenase (
2088:
Walker CB, de la Torre JR, Klotz MG, Urakawa H, Pinel N, Arp DJ, Brochier-Armanet C, Chain PS, Chan PP, Gollabgir A, Hemp J, Hügler M, Karr EA, Könneke M, Shin M, Lawton TJ, Lowe T, Martens-Habbena W, Sayavedra-Soto LA, Lang D, Sievert SM, Rosenzweig AC, Manning G, Stahl DA (May 2010).
1608:
Nitrososphaerota, which compose the Marine Group I.1a, are distributed in the subphotic zone, between 100m and 350m. Other marine
Nitrososphaerota live in shallower waters. One study has identified two novel Nitrososphaerota species living in the sulfidic environment of a tropical
1541:. This is done using a hydroxypropionate/hydroxybutyrate cycle similar to the Thermoproteota but which appears to have evolved independently. All Nitrososphaerota that have been identified by metagenomics thus far encode this pathway. Notably, the Nitrososphaerota CO
1951:
Spang A, Hatzenpichler R, Brochier-Armanet C, Rattei T, Tischler P, Spieck E, Streit W, Stahl DA, Wagner M, Schleper C (August 2010). "Distinct gene set in two different lineages of ammonia-oxidizing archaea supports the phylum
Thaumarchaeota".
3520:"Microbial community stratification controlled by the subseafloor fluid flow and geothermal gradient at the Iheya North hydrothermal field in the Mid-Okinawa Trough (Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 331)"
1507:
as a substrate for nitrification. This would allow for competition with phytoplankton that also grow on urea. One study of microbes from wastewater treatment plants found that not all
Nitrososphaerota that express
1545:-fixation pathway is more efficient than any known aerobic autotrophic pathway. This efficiency helps explain their ability to thrive in low-nutrient environments. Some Nitrososphaerota such as
1528:. Isotopic analysis indicates that most nitrous oxide flux to the atmosphere from the ocean, which provides around 30% of the natural flux, may be due to the metabolic activities of archaea.
1629:, though the nature of this relationship is unknown. The two species are very large, forming filaments larger than ever before observed in archaea. As with many Nitrososphaerota, they are
1503:) genes, which indicate that they are overall more dominant than ammonia oxidizing bacteria. In addition to ammonia, at least one Nitrososphaerota strain has been shown to be able to use
2152:
Schouten S, Hopmans EC, Schefuß E, Damste JS (2002). "Distributional variations in marine crenarchaeotal membrane lipids: a new tool for reconstructing ancient sea water temperatures?".
4584:
2347:
1090:
303:
Nitrososphaerota-derived membrane-spanning tetraether lipids (glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers; GDGTs) from marine sediments can be used to reconstruct past temperatures via the
1633:. Genetic analysis and the observation that the most basal identified Nitrososphaerota genomes are from hot environments suggests that the ancestor of Nitrososphaerota was
2661:
Lebedeva EV, Hatzenpichler R, Pelletier E, Schuster N, Hauzmayer S, Bulaev A, Grigor'eva NV, Galushko A, Schmid M, Palatinszky M, Le
Paslier D, Daims H, Wagner M (2013).
2494:"Genome sequence of Candidatus Nitrososphaera evergladensis from group I.1b enriched from Everglades soil reveals novel genomic features of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea"
2663:"Enrichment and genome sequence of the group I.1a ammonia-oxidizing Archaeon "Ca. Nitrosotenuis uzonensis" representing a clade globally distributed in thermal habitats"
1992:
Pearson A, Hurley SJ, Walter SR, Kusch S, Lichtin S, Zhang YG (2016). "Stable carbon isotope ratios of intact GDGTs indicate heterogeneous sources to marine sediments".
3677:
4558:
3614:"Pangenome evidence for extensive interdomain horizontal transfer affecting lineage core and shell genes in uncultured planktonic thaumarchaeota and euryarchaeota"
2396:"Nitrososphaera viennensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic and mesophilic, ammonia-oxidizing archaeon from soil and a member of the archaeal phylum Thaumarchaeota"
2369:
2373:
1094:
3289:
Mussmann M, Brito I, Pitcher A, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Hatzenpichler R, Richter A, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH, Müller A, Daims H, Wagner M, Head IM (October 2011).
2551:
Könneke M, Bernhard AE, de la Torre JR, Walker CB, Waterbury JB, Stahl DA (September 2005). "Isolation of an autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing marine archaeon".
4545:
1491:
Nitrososphaerota are important ammonia oxidizers in aquatic and terrestrial environments, and are the first archaea identified as being involved in
4571:
1553:. At least two isolated strains have been identified as obligate mixotrophs, meaning they require a source of organic carbon in order to grow.
1516:, indicating a potential for a diversity of metabolic lifestyles within the phylum. Marine Nitrososphaerota have also been shown to produce
3670:
3348:
Santoro AE, Buchwald C, McIlvin MR, Casciotti KL (2011-09-02). "Isotopic
Signature of N2O Produced by Marine Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea".
1770:
Tourna M, Stieglmeier M, Spang A, Könneke M, Schintlmeister A, Urich T, Engel M, Schloter M, Wagner M, Richter A, Schleper C (May 2011).
3162:
Könneke M, Schubert DM, Brown PC, Hügler M, Standfest S, Schwander T, Schada von
Borzyskowski L, Erb TJ, Stahl DA, Berg IA (June 2014).
1902:"A DNA topoisomerase IB in Thaumarchaeota testifies for the presence of this enzyme in the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eucarya"
2288:
3466:"First description of giant Archaea (Thaumarchaeota) associated with putative bacterial ectosymbionts in a sulfidic marine habitat"
2779:"Genomic and proteomic characterization of "Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus brevis": an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon from the open ocean"
2445:"First description of giant Archaea (Thaumarchaeota) associated with putative bacterial ectosymbionts in a sulfidic marine habitat"
1512:
genes are active ammonia oxidizers. These
Nitrososphaerota may be capable of oxidizing methane instead of ammonia, or they may be
4610:
3715:
253:. This assignment was confirmed by further analysis published in 2010 that examined the genomes of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea
3710:
3663:
2995:"Genome sequence of "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus salaria" BD31, an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon from the San Francisco Bay estuary"
2722:"A novel ammonia-oxidizing archaeon from wastewater treatment plant: Its enrichment, physiological and genomic characteristics"
4576:
3042:
Bayer B, Vojvoda J, Offre P, Alves RJ, Elisabeth NH, Garcia JA, Volland JM, Srivastava A, Schleper C, Herndl GJ (May 2016).
3794:
3784:
3767:
2237:
3291:"Thaumarchaeotes abundant in refinery nitrifying sludges express amoA but are not obligate autotrophic ammonia oxidizers"
2946:"Draft genome sequence of an ammonia-oxidizing archaeon, "Candidatus Nitrosopumilus koreensis" AR1, from marine sediment"
4519:
3044:"Physiological and genomic characterization of two novel marine thaumarchaeal strains indicates niche differentiation"
324:
2216:
227:
4638:
3224:
Qin W, Amin SA, Martens-Habbena W, Walker CB, Urakawa H, Devol AH, Ingalls AE, Moffett JW, Armbrust EV (2014).
2320:
2293:
2266:
261:
255:
233:
221:
39:
2095:
genome reveals unique mechanisms for nitrification and autotrophy in globally distributed marine crenarchaea"
4084:
3799:
4648:
4472:
1651:
4524:
1214:
1166:
636:
597:
375:
3762:
2838:"Genome of a low-salinity ammonia-oxidizing archaeon determined by single-cell and metagenomic analysis"
1204:
1155:
1141:
626:
589:
365:
204:
199:
130:
124:
3518:
Breuker A, Schippers A, Nishizawa M, Takaki Y, Sunamura M, Urabe T, Nunoura T, Takai K (October 2014).
1303:
311:, as these lipids vary in structure according to temperature. Because most Nitrososphaerota seem to be
4045:
1438:
1252:
1176:
922:
683:
355:
4643:
4615:
4532:
3582:
3531:
3477:
3420:
3357:
3302:
3237:
3175:
3115:
3055:
2849:
2790:
2733:
2674:
2615:
2560:
2505:
2456:
2161:
2106:
2001:
1846:
1787:
1592:, production of it by the Nitrososphaerota may be important for a large number of aquatic organisms.
1460:
1352:
1241:
1223:
1114:
972:
776:
643:
382:
282:
246:
3933:
3226:"Marine ammonia-oxidizing archaeal isolates display obligate mixotrophy and wide ecotypic variation"
2492:
Zhalnina KV, Dias R, Leonard MT, Dorr de
Quadros P, Camargo FA, Drew JC, et al. (7 July 2014).
1399:
1328:
1315:
1265:
803:
701:
486:
4510:
2897:"Genome sequence of an ammonia-oxidizing soil archaeon, "Candidatus Nitrosoarchaeum koreensis" MY1"
1622:
1496:
1425:
1278:
895:
721:
1556:
A study has revealed that
Nitrososphaerota are most likely the dominant producers of the critical
1412:
1188:
868:
327:
pool, and thus have the potential to be used for reconstructions of the carbon cycle in the past.
4000:
3878:
3779:
3757:
3745:
3720:
3389:
2584:
2177:
1752:
1340:
759:
433:
297:
145:
54:
2394:
Stieglmeier M, Klingl A, Alves RJ, Rittmann SK, Melcher M, Leisch N, et al. (August 2014).
3571:"Ammonia oxidation-dependent growth of group I.1b Thaumarchaeota in acidic red soil microcosms"
2777:
Santoro AE, Dupont CL, Richter RA, Craig MT, Carini P, McIlvin MR, et al. (January 2015).
4597:
4391:
4271:
4172:
4095:
4018:
3789:
3752:
3740:
3730:
3643:
3600:
3557:
3495:
3446:
3381:
3373:
3330:
3271:
3253:
3203:
3141:
3081:
3024:
2975:
2926:
2877:
2818:
2759:
2702:
2643:
2576:
2533:
2474:
2425:
2134:
2063:
1969:
1933:
1882:
1864:
1815:
1744:
1694:
1646:
1585:
1387:
1293:
851:
665:
472:
423:
136:
277:
for the phylum. Most organisms of this lineage thus far identified are chemolithoautotrophic
4602:
4399:
4329:
3704:
3633:
3625:
3590:
3547:
3539:
3485:
3436:
3428:
3365:
3320:
3310:
3261:
3245:
3193:
3183:
3131:
3123:
3071:
3063:
3014:
3006:
2965:
2957:
2916:
2908:
2867:
2857:
2808:
2798:
2749:
2741:
2692:
2682:
2633:
2623:
2568:
2523:
2513:
2464:
2415:
2407:
2169:
2165:
2124:
2114:
2053:
2045:
2009:
1961:
1923:
1913:
1872:
1854:
1805:
1795:
1736:
1684:
1377:
462:
208:
4563:
4313:
4257:
4211:
4120:
3995:
3980:
3962:
3947:
3890:
3873:
3164:"Ammonia-oxidizing archaea use the most energy-efficient aerobic pathway for CO2 fixation"
1532:
1103:
571:
413:
108:
78:
3586:
3535:
3481:
3424:
3361:
3306:
3241:
3179:
3119:
3059:
2853:
2794:
2737:
2678:
2619:
2564:
2509:
2460:
2110:
2005:
1850:
1791:
4229:
4140:
4070:
3920:
3902:
3735:
3638:
3613:
3552:
3519:
3441:
3408:
3325:
3290:
3266:
3225:
3198:
3163:
3136:
3103:
3076:
3043:
3019:
2994:
2970:
2945:
2921:
2896:
2872:
2837:
2813:
2778:
2754:
2721:
2697:
2662:
2638:
2603:
2602:
Lehtovirta-Morley LE, Stoecker K, Vilcinskas A, Prosser JI, Nicol GW (September 2011).
2528:
2493:
2420:
2395:
2129:
2090:
2058:
2033:
1928:
1901:
1810:
1771:
1610:
1577:
1549:
are able to incorporate organic carbon as well as inorganic, indicating a capacity for
1525:
1521:
1470:
1362:
989:
820:
503:
440:
286:
212:
3655:
2173:
4632:
4455:
4338:
4247:
4184:
4160:
3815:
3612:
Deschamps P, Zivanovic Y, Moreira D, Rodriguez-Valera F, López-García P (June 2014).
3490:
3465:
2604:"Cultivation of an obligate acidophilic ammonia oxidizer from a nitrifying acid soil"
2469:
2444:
1877:
1834:
1589:
1561:
1517:
1492:
242:
45:
3393:
2181:
1495:. They are capable of oxidizing ammonia at much lower substrate concentrations than
300:
indicates that they constitute ~1% of the sea surface metagenome across many sites.
30:
4381:
4376:
4359:
4308:
4297:
3957:
3942:
3885:
3824:
2944:
Park SJ, Kim JG, Jung MY, Kim SJ, Cha IT, Kwon K, Lee JH, Rhee SK (December 2012).
2588:
1756:
294:
290:
270:
238:
2862:
2687:
2518:
4504:
4237:
3912:
3897:
1719:
Brochier-Armanet C, Boussau B, Gribaldo S, Forterre P (March 2008). "Mesophilic
1634:
1573:
1557:
1535:
1513:
1449:
1128:
947:
4495:
3295:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3168:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2783:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2608:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2099:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1780:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3686:
2049:
2013:
1965:
1565:
4589:
3409:"Aquatic metagenomes implicate Thaumarchaeota in global cobalamin production"
3377:
3257:
2343:
2315:
1868:
3595:
3570:
3369:
3315:
3249:
3188:
2803:
2628:
2119:
1859:
1800:
1630:
1626:
1550:
320:
312:
274:
250:
3647:
3604:
3561:
3499:
3450:
3432:
3385:
3334:
3275:
3207:
3145:
3127:
3085:
3067:
3028:
2979:
2930:
2881:
2822:
2763:
2706:
2647:
2580:
2537:
2478:
2429:
2411:
2138:
2067:
2034:"The Thaumarchaeota: an emerging view of their phylogeny and ecophysiology"
1973:
1937:
1918:
1819:
1748:
1698:
1689:
1672:
2195:
1886:
4489:
3774:
3629:
3543:
2836:
Blainey PC, Mosier AC, Potanina A, Francis CA, Quake SR (February 2011).
2261:
1605:
4550:
3010:
2961:
2912:
2895:
Kim BK, Jung MY, Yu DS, Park SJ, Oh TK, Rhee SK, Kim JF (October 2011).
2572:
1740:
3690:
278:
190:
65:
2745:
265:, concluding that these species form a distinct lineage that includes
3407:
Doxey AC, Kurtz DA, Lynch MD, Sauder LA, Neufeld JD (February 2015).
1572:
from the environment; thus the Nitrososphaerota could play a role in
194:
186:
4466:
43:, partially with virions of Nitrosopumilus spindle-shaped virus 1 (
4111:
3097:
3095:
1673:"Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes"
304:
215:(formerly Crenarchaeota). Three described species in addition to
4537:
3464:
Muller F, Brissac T, Le Bris N, Felbeck H, Gros O (August 2010).
2993:
Mosier AC, Allen EE, Kim M, Ferriera S, Francis CA (April 2012).
2443:
Muller F, Brissac T, Le Bris N, Felbeck H, Gros O (August 2010).
2400:
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
4220:
1504:
4470:
3659:
273:
has been found only in Nitrososphaerota, making it a potential
207:
and found to differ significantly from other members of the
3102:
Brochier-Armanet C, Gribaldo S, Forterre P (February 2012).
1900:
Brochier-Armanet C, Gribaldo S, Forterre P (December 2008).
2720:
Li Y, Ding K, Wen X, Zhang B, Shen B, Yang Y (March 2016).
1560:. This finding has important implications for eukaryotic
2348:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1604:, are marine and live in the open ocean. Most of these
1091:
List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature
4479:
4390:
4337:
4328:
4228:
4219:
4210:
4110:
4043:
3931:
3866:
3847:
3823:
3814:
1531:Many members of the phylum assimilate carbon by
1089:The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the
249:that was previously thought to be unique to the
241:data, such as the sequences of these organisms'
3230:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1839:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1576:and by extension global levels of atmospheric
3671:
2374:National Center for Biotechnology Information
1095:National Center for Biotechnology Information
8:
2032:Pester M, Schleper C, Wagner M (June 2011).
1723:: Proposal for a third archaeal phylum, the
319:, their GDGTs can act as a record for past
281:-oxidizers and may play important roles in
237:. The phylum was proposed in 2008 based on
4467:
4334:
4225:
4216:
3820:
3678:
3664:
3656:
1776:, an ammonia oxidizing archaeon from soil"
29:
20:
3637:
3594:
3551:
3489:
3440:
3324:
3314:
3265:
3197:
3187:
3135:
3075:
3018:
2969:
2920:
2871:
2861:
2812:
2802:
2753:
2696:
2686:
2637:
2627:
2527:
2517:
2468:
2419:
2128:
2118:
2057:
1927:
1917:
1876:
1858:
1809:
1799:
1688:
1835:"Archaea in coastal marine environments"
1580:. Because of the importance of vitamin B
1663:
3524:Applied and Environmental Microbiology
3219:
3217:
3157:
3155:
245:genes, and the presence of a form of
7:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2027:
2025:
2023:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1584:in biological processes such as the
2154:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
1613:. Of these two species, Candidatus
964:
938:
911:
884:
857:
792:
765:
755:
690:
678:
671:
632:
622:
584:
577:
567:
478:
468:
429:
419:
371:
361:
351:
344:
14:
3104:"Spotlight on the Thaumarchaeota"
3491:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02309.x
2470:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02309.x
1621:, the latter is associated with
2217:"LTP_all tree in newick format"
2038:Current Opinion in Microbiology
1994:Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
1637:, and mesophily evolved later.
1600:Many Nitrososphaerota, such as
561:Phylogeny of Nitrososphaerota
338:Phylogeny of Nitrososphaerota
1:
2174:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00979-2
1357:Lehtovirta-Morley et al. 2016
3618:Genome Biology and Evolution
3569:Wu Y, Conrad R (July 2014).
2863:10.1371/journal.pone.0016626
2688:10.1371/journal.pone.0080835
2519:10.1371/journal.pone.0101648
168:Brochier-Armanet et al. 2008
97:Brochier-Armanet et al. 2021
2238:"LTP_06_2022 Release Notes"
1729:Nature Reviews Microbiology
1671:Oren A, Garrity GM (2021).
193:proposed in 2008 after the
4665:
3470:Environmental Microbiology
2449:Environmental Microbiology
1568:and must acquire vitamin B
1497:ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
325:dissolved inorganic carbon
4447:
3698:
3575:FEMS Microbiology Ecology
2050:10.1016/j.mib.2011.04.007
2014:10.1016/j.gca.2016.02.034
1966:10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.003
1774:Nitrososphaera viennensis
1677:Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
1625:with which it may have a
1455:DeLong & Preston 1996
1120:corrig. Zhang et al. 2019
986:
969:
962:
943:
936:
916:
909:
889:
882:
862:
855:
817:
797:
790:
770:
763:
753:
715:
695:
688:
676:
669:
640:
630:
620:
594:
582:
575:
500:
483:
476:
466:
437:
427:
417:
379:
369:
359:
349:
228:Nitrososphaera viennensis
151:
144:
121:
116:
55:Scientific classification
53:
37:
28:
23:
2376:(NCBI) taxonomy database
2321:Genome Taxonomy Database
2294:Genome Taxonomy Database
2267:Genome Taxonomy Database
2093:Nitrosopumilus maritimus
1833:DeLong EF (1992-06-15).
1615:Giganthauma insulaporcus
1602:Nitrosopumilus maritimus
1547:Nitrosopumilus maritimus
1465:corrig. Jung et al. 2018
262:Nitrososphaera gargensis
256:Nitrosopumilus maritimus
234:Nitrososphaera gargensis
222:Nitrosopumilus maritimus
40:Nitrosopumilus maritimus
4085:Methanomassiliicoccales
4010:Methanonatronarchaeales
3596:10.1111/1574-6941.12340
3370:10.1126/science.1208239
3316:10.1073/pnas.1106427108
3250:10.1073/PNAS.1324115111
3189:10.1073/pnas.1402028111
2999:Journal of Bacteriology
2950:Journal of Bacteriology
2901:Journal of Bacteriology
2804:10.1073/pnas.1416223112
2629:10.1073/pnas.1107196108
2262:"GTDB release 08-RS214"
2166:2002E&PSL.204..265S
2120:10.1073/pnas.0913533107
1860:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5685
1801:10.1073/pnas.1013488108
1619:Giganthauma karukerense
1367:Stieglmeier et al. 2014
1344:Stieglmeier et al. 2014
1298:Stieglmeier et al. 2014
1283:de la Torre et al. 2008
1247:de la Torre et al. 2008
1108:Stieglmeier et al. 2014
4007:Methanonatronarchaeia
3917:"Methanofastidiosales"
3433:10.1038/ismej.2014.142
3128:10.1038/ismej.2011.145
3068:10.1038/ismej.2015.200
2412:10.1099/ijs.0.063172-0
1954:Trends in Microbiology
1919:10.1186/1745-6150-3-54
1690:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056
1652:List of Archaea genera
1627:symbiotic relationship
309:paleotemperature proxy
4289:"Methanomethylicales"
3857:"Hydrothermarchaeles"
3854:"Hydrothermarchaeia"
3848:"Hydrothermarchaeota"
1524:has implications for
283:biogeochemical cycles
267:Cenarchaeum symbiosum
200:Cenarchaeum symbiosum
160:"Nitrososphaeraeota"
4407:"Heimdallarchaeales"
4286:"Methanomethylicia"
4268:"Geothermarchaeales"
4089:"Natronoplasmatales"
4075:"Aciduliprofundales"
4034:"Syntropharchaeales"
3544:10.1128/AEM.01741-14
2368:Sayers, et al.
2289:"ar53_r214.sp_label"
1564:, many of which are
247:type I topoisomerase
4454:Alternative views:
4057:"Thermoprofundales"
4028:"Syntropharchaeia"
3867:"Methanobacteriota"
3840:"Persephonarchaeia"
3587:2014FEMME..89..127W
3536:2014ApEnM..80.6126Y
3482:2010EnvMi..12.2371M
3425:2015ISMEJ...9..461D
3362:2011Sci...333.1282S
3356:(6047): 1282–1285.
3307:2011PNAS..10816771M
3242:2014PNAS..11112504Q
3236:(34): 12504–12509.
3180:2014PNAS..111.8239K
3120:2012ISMEJ...6..227B
3060:2016ISMEJ..10.1051B
3011:10.1128/JB.00013-12
2962:10.1128/JB.01857-12
2913:10.1128/JB.05717-11
2854:2011PLoSO...616626B
2795:2015PNAS..112.1173S
2738:2016NatSR...623747L
2679:2013PLoSO...880835L
2620:2011PNAS..10815892L
2573:10.1038/nature03911
2565:2005Natur.437..543K
2510:2014PLoSO...9j1648Z
2461:2010EnvMi..12.2371M
2111:2010PNAS..107.8818W
2006:2016GeCoA.181...18P
1851:1992PNAS...89.5685D
1792:2011PNAS..108.8420T
1741:10.1038/nrmicro1852
1623:Gammaproteobacteria
1443:Santoro et al. 2015
1404:Moeller et al. 2019
1215:Conexivisphaeraceae
1167:Geothermarchaeaceae
637:Conexivisphaeraceae
598:Geothermarchaeaceae
376:Conexivisphaeraceae
156:Whitman et al. 2018
154:"Nitrososphaerota"
4265:Conexivisphaerales
4126:"Aenigmatarchaeia"
4092:"Sysuiplasmatales"
4001:Methanomicrobiales
3990:"Methanoliparales"
3879:Methanobacteriales
3630:10.1093/gbe/evu127
2726:Scientific Reports
1341:Nitrososphaeraceae
1205:Conexivisphaerales
1156:Geothermarchaeales
1142:Nitrosodeserticola
1133:Muller et al. 2010
760:Nitrososphaeraceae
627:Conexivisphaerales
590:Geothermarchaeales
434:Nitrososphaeraceae
366:Conexivisphaerales
131:Geothermarchaeales
125:Conexivisphaerales
4626:
4625:
4598:Open Tree of Life
4473:Taxon identifiers
4464:
4463:
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4392:Heimdallarchaeota
4371:"Sigynarchaeales"
4324:
4323:
4292:"Nezhaarchaeales"
4272:Nitrososphaerales
4198:"Undinarchaeota"
4178:"Nanohalarchaeia"
4151:"Huberarchaeota"
4121:Aenigmatarchaeota
4106:
4105:
4096:Thermoplasmatales
4081:"Lunaplasmatales"
4078:"Gimiplasmatales"
4031:"Methanophagales"
4019:Methanosarcinales
3987:"Methanoliparia"
3952:"Mnemosynellales"
2746:10.1038/srep23747
2406:(Pt 8): 2738–52.
1845:(12): 5685–5689.
1647:Eocyte hypothesis
1586:citric acid cycle
1476:
1466:
1456:
1444:
1431:
1418:
1405:
1392:
1388:Nitrosopumilaceae
1383:
1368:
1358:
1345:
1334:
1321:
1308:
1304:Methylarchaeaceae
1299:
1294:Nitrososphaerales
1284:
1271:
1258:
1248:
1229:
1219:
1210:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1162:
1147:
1146:Hwang et al. 2021
1134:
1121:
1109:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1019:
1018:
1010:
1009:
1001:
1000:
852:Nitrosopumilaceae
841:
840:
832:
831:
742:
741:
733:
732:
666:Nitrososphaerales
655:
654:
609:
608:
556:
555:
551:
550:
542:
541:
533:
532:
524:
523:
515:
514:
473:Nitrosopumilaceae
452:
451:
424:Nitrososphaerales
403:
402:
394:
393:
209:hyperthermophilic
175:
174:
169:
166:"Thaumarchaeota"
163:
157:
137:Nitrososphaerales
24:Nitrososphaerota
16:Phylum of archaea
4656:
4619:
4618:
4606:
4605:
4593:
4592:
4580:
4579:
4567:
4566:
4554:
4553:
4541:
4540:
4528:
4527:
4515:
4514:
4513:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4468:
4432:"Wukongarchaeia"
4424:"Borrarchaeales"
4413:"Kariarchaeales"
4404:"Gerdarchaeales"
4400:Heimdallarchaeia
4368:"Lokiarchaeales"
4352:"Hermodarchaeia"
4335:
4305:"Marsarchaeales"
4281:"Culexarchaeles"
4278:"Culexarchaeia"
4262:"Caldarchaeales"
4226:
4217:
4173:Nanohalarchaeota
4046:Thermoplasmatota
4023:Methanotrichales
4015:Methanosarcinia
3977:"Methanocellia"
3909:"Theionarchaeia"
3821:
3727:
3707:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3657:
3651:
3641:
3608:
3598:
3565:
3555:
3504:
3503:
3493:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3444:
3413:The ISME Journal
3404:
3398:
3397:
3345:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3318:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3269:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3201:
3191:
3159:
3150:
3149:
3139:
3108:The ISME Journal
3099:
3090:
3089:
3079:
3048:The ISME Journal
3039:
3033:
3032:
3022:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2973:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2924:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2875:
2865:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2806:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2757:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2641:
2631:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2531:
2521:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2472:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2423:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2370:"Thaumarchaeota"
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2344:"Thaumarchaeota"
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2242:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2192:
2186:
2185:
2160:(1–2): 265–274.
2149:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2122:
2085:
2072:
2071:
2061:
2029:
2018:
2017:
1989:
1978:
1977:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1931:
1921:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1880:
1862:
1830:
1824:
1823:
1813:
1803:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1716:
1703:
1702:
1692:
1668:
1474:
1464:
1454:
1442:
1439:Nitrosopelagicus
1429:
1416:
1403:
1390:
1381:
1378:Nitrosopumilales
1366:
1356:
1343:
1332:
1319:
1306:
1297:
1282:
1269:
1256:
1253:Nitrosocaldaceae
1246:
1228:Kato et al. 2020
1227:
1218:Kato et al. 2020
1217:
1209:Kato et al. 2020
1208:
1194:Adam et al. 2022
1193:
1182:Adam et al. 2022
1181:
1177:Geothermarchaeum
1170:Adam et al. 2022
1169:
1161:Adam et al. 2022
1160:
1145:
1132:
1119:
1107:
965:
939:
923:Nitrosopelagicus
912:
885:
858:
793:
766:
756:
691:
684:Nitrosocaldaceae
679:
672:
633:
623:
585:
578:
568:
558:
557:
479:
469:
463:Nitrosopumilales
430:
420:
372:
362:
356:Conexivisphaeria
352:
345:
335:
334:
179:Nitrososphaerota
167:
162:Oren et al. 2015
161:
155:
92:Nitrososphaerota
33:
21:
4664:
4663:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4639:2008 in science
4629:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4614:
4609:
4601:
4596:
4588:
4583:
4575:
4570:
4562:
4557:
4549:
4544:
4536:
4531:
4523:
4518:
4509:
4508:
4503:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4475:
4465:
4460:
4435:
4427:"Sifarchaeales"
4418:"Njordarchaeia"
4410:"Hodarchaeales"
4386:
4365:"Helarchaeales"
4349:"Freyrarchaeia"
4346:"Baldrarchaeia"
4320:
4314:Thermoproteales
4258:Nitrososphaeria
4242:"Korarchaeales"
4212:Proteoarchaeota
4206:
4201:"Undinarchaeia"
4154:"Huberarchaeia"
4131:"Altarchaeota"
4102:
4065:"Poseidoniales"
4039:
3996:Methanomicrobia
3981:Methanocellales
3972:"Hikarchaeales"
3963:Halobacteriales
3948:Archaeoglobales
3927:
3891:Methanococcales
3874:Methanobacteria
3862:
3843:
3835:"Hadarchaeales"
3810:
3809:
3725:
3703:
3694:
3684:
3654:
3611:
3568:
3530:(19): 6126–35.
3517:
3513:
3511:Further reading
3508:
3507:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3301:(40): 16771–6.
3288:
3287:
3283:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3174:(22): 8239–44.
3161:
3160:
3153:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3041:
3040:
3036:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2907:(19): 5539–40.
2894:
2893:
2889:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2614:(38): 15892–7.
2601:
2600:
2596:
2559:(7058): 543–6.
2550:
2549:
2545:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2379:
2377:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2353:
2351:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2316:"Taxon History"
2314:
2313:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2189:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2105:(19): 8818–23.
2087:
2086:
2075:
2031:
2030:
2021:
1991:
1990:
1981:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1718:
1717:
1706:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1643:
1617:and Candidatus
1598:
1583:
1571:
1544:
1539:
1489:
1475:Qin et al. 2017
1417:Lehtovirta 2011
1391:Qin et al. 2017
1382:Qin et al. 2017
1353:Nitrosocosmicus
1320:Hua et al. 2019
1307:Hua et al. 2019
1270:Luo et al. 2021
1257:Qin et al. 2016
1242:Nitrosocaldales
1224:Conexivisphaera
1115:Cenoporarchaeum
1104:Nitrososphaeria
1083:
1074:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1002:
842:
833:
777:Nitrosocosmicus
743:
734:
656:
644:Conexivisphaera
610:
572:Nitrososphaeria
552:
543:
534:
525:
516:
453:
414:Nitrososphaeria
404:
395:
383:Conexivisphaera
333:
318:
308:
112:
109:Nitrososphaeria
98:
95:
94:
82:
79:Proteoarchaeota
68:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4662:
4660:
4652:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4631:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4607:
4594:
4590:thaumarchaeota
4581:
4568:
4555:
4542:
4529:
4516:
4511:Thaumarchaeota
4501:
4485:
4483:
4481:Thaumarchaeota
4477:
4476:
4471:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4452:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4425:
4421:"Sifarchaeia"
4419:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4396:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4356:
4355:"Jordarchaeia"
4353:
4350:
4347:
4343:
4341:
4332:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4303:
4302:"Gearchaeales"
4295:
4294:
4293:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4266:
4263:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4252:"Hecatellales"
4245:
4244:
4243:
4234:
4232:
4230:Thermoproteota
4223:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4193:"Nanohalobiia"
4191:
4190:"Nanoarchaeia"
4181:
4180:
4179:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4166:"Micrarchaeia"
4157:
4156:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4146:"Iainarchaeia"
4137:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4071:Thermoplasmata
4068:
4067:
4066:
4062:"Poseidoniia"
4060:
4059:
4058:
4054:"Izemarchaea"
4051:
4049:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4003:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3969:"Hikarchaeia"
3967:
3966:
3965:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3939:
3937:
3934:Halobacteriota
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3921:Thermococcales
3918:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3903:Methanopyrales
3895:
3894:
3893:
3883:
3882:
3881:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3832:"Hadarchaeia"
3829:
3827:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3803:
3800:Mesomycetozoea
3797:
3792:
3782:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3736:Diaphoretickes
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:classification
3685:
3683:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3660:
3653:
3652:
3624:(7): 1549–63.
3609:
3566:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3476:(8): 2371–83.
3456:
3399:
3340:
3281:
3213:
3151:
3091:
3054:(5): 1051–63.
3034:
2985:
2956:(24): 6940–1.
2936:
2887:
2828:
2769:
2712:
2673:(11): e80835.
2653:
2594:
2543:
2504:(7): e101648.
2484:
2455:(8): 2371–83.
2435:
2386:
2360:
2334:
2307:
2280:
2253:
2229:
2208:
2187:
2144:
2073:
2019:
1979:
1943:
1906:Biology Direct
1892:
1825:
1786:(20): 8420–5.
1762:
1725:Thaumarchaeota
1704:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1611:mangrove swamp
1597:
1594:
1581:
1578:carbon dioxide
1569:
1542:
1537:
1526:climate change
1522:greenhouse gas
1488:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1471:Nitrosopumilus
1467:
1461:Nitrosarchaeum
1457:
1445:
1432:
1430:Li et al. 2016
1419:
1406:
1400:Nitrosospongia
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1363:Nitrososphaera
1359:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1333:Ou et al. 2022
1329:Methanotowutia
1322:
1316:Methylarchaeum
1289:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1272:
1266:Nitrosothermus
1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1184:
1148:
1135:
1122:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1004:
1003:
999:
998:
995:
994:
990:Nitrosopumilus
985:
982:
981:
978:
977:
973:Nitrosarchaeum
968:
963:
961:
958:
957:
954:
953:
942:
937:
935:
932:
931:
928:
927:
915:
910:
908:
905:
904:
901:
900:
888:
883:
881:
878:
877:
874:
873:
861:
856:
854:
848:
847:
844:
843:
839:
838:
835:
834:
830:
829:
826:
825:
821:Nitrososphaera
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
804:Nitrosopolaris
796:
791:
789:
786:
785:
782:
781:
769:
764:
762:
754:
752:
749:
748:
745:
744:
740:
739:
736:
735:
731:
730:
727:
726:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
702:Nitrosothermus
694:
689:
687:
677:
675:
670:
668:
662:
661:
658:
657:
653:
652:
649:
648:
639:
631:
629:
621:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
607:
606:
603:
602:
593:
583:
581:
576:
574:
566:
563:
562:
554:
553:
549:
548:
545:
544:
540:
539:
536:
535:
531:
530:
527:
526:
522:
521:
518:
517:
513:
512:
509:
508:
504:Nitrosopumilus
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
487:Nitrosarchaeum
482:
477:
475:
467:
465:
459:
458:
455:
454:
450:
449:
446:
445:
441:Nitrososphaera
436:
428:
426:
418:
416:
410:
409:
406:
405:
401:
400:
397:
396:
392:
391:
388:
387:
378:
370:
368:
360:
358:
350:
348:
343:
340:
339:
332:
329:
323:ratios in the
316:
306:
287:nitrogen cycle
285:, such as the
213:Thermoproteota
183:Thaumarchaeota
173:
172:
171:
170:
164:
158:
149:
148:
142:
141:
140:
139:
134:
127:
119:
118:
114:
113:
106:
104:
100:
99:
96:
90:
88:
84:
83:
76:
74:
70:
69:
64:
62:
58:
57:
51:
50:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4661:
4650:
4649:Archaea phyla
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4617:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4521:
4517:
4512:
4506:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4469:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4431:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4339:Lokiarchaeota
4336:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4298:Thermoproteia
4296:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4248:Bathyarchaeia
4246:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:Nanoarchaeota
4182:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:Micrarchaeota
4158:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:Iainarchaeota
4138:
4134:"Altarchaeia"
4133:
4132:
4130:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4080:
4077:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4042:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3943:Archaeoglobia
3941:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3930:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3839:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:Euryarchaeota
3813:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3763:Stramenopiles
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3726:(major groups
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3681:
3676:
3674:
3669:
3667:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3649:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3581:(1): 127–34.
3580:
3576:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3460:
3457:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3419:(2): 461–71.
3418:
3414:
3410:
3403:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3387:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3344:
3341:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3220:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3114:(2): 227–30.
3113:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3005:(8): 2121–2.
3004:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2848:(2): e16626.
2847:
2843:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2789:(4): 1173–8.
2788:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2770:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2598:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2390:
2387:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2361:
2349:
2345:
2342:J.P. Euzéby.
2338:
2335:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2254:
2239:
2233:
2230:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2197:
2191:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1960:(8): 331–40.
1959:
1955:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1735:(3): 245–52.
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1721:Crenarchaeota
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1664:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1590:DNA synthesis
1587:
1579:
1575:
1567:
1563:
1562:phytoplankton
1559:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1520:, which as a
1519:
1518:nitrous oxide
1515:
1514:heterotrophic
1511:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1493:nitrification
1486:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1426:Nitrosotenuis
1424:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1280:
1279:Nitrosocaldus
1277:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1033:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1006:
1005:
997:
996:
993:
992:
991:
984:
983:
980:
979:
976:
975:
974:
967:
966:
960:
959:
956:
955:
952:
950:
949:
941:
940:
934:
933:
930:
929:
926:
924:
921:
914:
913:
907:
906:
903:
902:
899:
897:
896:Nitrosotenuis
894:
887:
886:
880:
879:
876:
875:
872:
870:
867:
860:
859:
853:
850:
849:
846:
845:
837:
836:
828:
827:
824:
823:
822:
815:
814:
811:
810:
807:
805:
802:
795:
794:
788:
787:
784:
783:
780:
778:
775:
768:
767:
761:
758:
757:
751:
750:
747:
746:
738:
737:
729:
728:
725:
723:
722:Nitrosocaldus
720:
713:
712:
709:
708:
705:
703:
700:
693:
692:
685:
681:
680:
674:
673:
667:
664:
663:
660:
659:
651:
650:
647:
646:
645:
638:
635:
634:
628:
625:
624:
618:
617:
614:
613:
605:
604:
601:
599:
591:
587:
586:
580:
579:
573:
570:
569:
565:
564:
560:
559:
547:
546:
538:
537:
529:
528:
520:
519:
511:
510:
507:
506:
505:
498:
497:
494:
493:
490:
489:
488:
481:
480:
474:
471:
470:
464:
461:
460:
457:
456:
448:
447:
444:
443:
442:
435:
432:
431:
425:
422:
421:
415:
412:
411:
408:
407:
399:
398:
390:
389:
386:
385:
384:
377:
374:
373:
367:
364:
363:
357:
354:
353:
347:
346:
342:
341:
337:
336:
330:
328:
326:
322:
314:
310:
301:
299:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
263:
258:
257:
252:
248:
244:
243:ribosomal RNA
240:
236:
235:
230:
229:
224:
223:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
165:
159:
153:
152:
150:
147:
143:
138:
135:
132:
128:
126:
123:
122:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
102:
101:
93:
89:
86:
85:
80:
75:
73:Superphylum:
72:
71:
67:
63:
60:
59:
56:
52:
48:
47:
46:Thaspiviridae
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4480:
4382:Thorarchaeia
4377:Odinarchaeia
4360:Lokiarchaeia
4309:Sulfolobales
3958:Halobacteria
3886:Methanococci
3825:Hadarchaeota
3785:Opisthokonta
3621:
3617:
3578:
3574:
3527:
3523:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3416:
3412:
3402:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3233:
3229:
3171:
3167:
3111:
3107:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3002:
2998:
2988:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2611:
2607:
2597:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2403:
2399:
2389:
2378:. Retrieved
2363:
2352:. Retrieved
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2319:
2310:
2298:. Retrieved
2292:
2283:
2271:. Retrieved
2265:
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2232:
2220:. Retrieved
2211:
2199:. Retrieved
2190:
2157:
2153:
2147:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2044:(3): 300–6.
2041:
2037:
1997:
1993:
1957:
1953:
1946:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1842:
1838:
1828:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1765:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1683:(10): 5056.
1680:
1676:
1666:
1635:thermophilic
1618:
1614:
1601:
1599:
1574:algal blooms
1555:
1546:
1530:
1509:
1500:
1490:
1469:
1459:
1448:
1435:
1422:
1413:Nitrosotalea
1409:
1396:
1375:
1361:
1349:
1325:
1312:
1291:
1275:
1262:
1240:
1236:
1222:
1202:
1189:Scotarchaeum
1187:
1175:
1154:
1150:
1138:
1125:
1113:
1101:
1088:
988:
987:
971:
970:
946:
944:
919:
917:
892:
890:
869:Nitrosotalea
865:
863:
819:
818:
800:
798:
773:
771:
718:
716:
698:
696:
642:
641:
595:
502:
501:
485:
484:
439:
438:
381:
380:
302:
291:carbon cycle
271:crenarchaeol
269:. The lipid
266:
260:
254:
239:phylogenetic
232:
226:
220:
217:C. symbiosum
216:
198:
182:
178:
176:
107:
91:
49:) attached.
44:
38:
18:
4644:Vitamin B12
4505:Wikispecies
4456:Wikispecies
4238:Korarchaeia
3913:Thermococci
3898:Methanopyri
3687:Prokaryotes
1596:Environment
1566:auxotrophic
1558:vitamin B12
1450:Cenarchaeum
1129:Giganthauma
1093:(LPSN) and
948:Cenarchaeum
315:that fix CO
295:Metagenomic
4633:Categories
2380:2021-03-20
2354:2021-03-20
1658:References
1631:mesophilic
1606:planktonic
1551:mixotrophy
1487:Metabolism
1436:Candidatus
1423:Candidatus
1410:Candidatus
1397:Candidatus
1350:Candidatus
1326:Candidatus
1313:Candidatus
1276:Candidatus
1263:Candidatus
1139:Candidatus
1126:Candidatus
313:autotrophs
298:sequencing
251:eukaryotes
3780:Amoebozoa
3758:Alveolata
3746:Cryptista
3721:Eukaryota
3378:0036-8075
3258:0027-8424
2732:: 23747.
2196:"The LTP"
2000:: 18–35.
1869:0027-8424
321:Carbon-13
275:biomarker
205:sequenced
4551:11048569
4538:10594366
4496:Q1186957
4490:Wikidata
3775:Amorphea
3753:Rhizaria
3741:Hacrobia
3731:Excavata
3716:Bacteria
3648:24923324
3605:24724989
3562:25063666
3500:21966926
3451:25126756
3394:36668258
3386:21798895
3335:21930919
3276:25114236
3208:24843170
3146:22071344
3086:26528837
3029:22461555
2980:23209206
2931:21914867
2882:21364937
2842:PLOS ONE
2823:25587132
2764:27030530
2707:24278328
2667:PLOS ONE
2648:21896746
2581:16177789
2538:24999826
2498:PLOS ONE
2479:21966926
2430:24907263
2182:54198843
2139:20421470
2068:21546306
1974:20598889
1938:19105819
1820:21525411
1749:18274537
1699:34694987
1641:See also
1251:Family "
331:Taxonomy
289:and the
185:) are a
146:Synonyms
87:Phylum:
61:Domain:
4451:Source:
3790:Animals
3711:Archaea
3691:Archaea
3639:4122925
3583:Bibcode
3553:4178666
3532:Bibcode
3478:Bibcode
3442:4303638
3421:Bibcode
3358:Bibcode
3350:Science
3326:3189051
3303:Bibcode
3267:4151751
3238:Bibcode
3199:4050595
3176:Bibcode
3137:3260508
3116:Bibcode
3077:4839502
3056:Bibcode
3020:3318490
2971:3510587
2922:3187385
2873:3043068
2850:Bibcode
2814:4313803
2791:Bibcode
2755:4814877
2734:Bibcode
2698:3835317
2675:Bibcode
2639:3179093
2616:Bibcode
2589:4340386
2561:Bibcode
2529:4084955
2506:Bibcode
2457:Bibcode
2421:4129164
2162:Bibcode
2130:2889351
2107:Bibcode
2059:3126993
2002:Bibcode
1929:2621148
1887:1608980
1847:Bibcode
1811:3100973
1788:Bibcode
1757:8030169
1386:Family
1339:Family
1302:Family
1213:Family
1165:Family
1097:(NCBI)
279:ammonia
211:phylum
191:Archaea
189:of the
103:Class:
66:Archaea
4616:559429
4603:102415
4577:951425
4525:392682
4330:Asgard
3768:Plants
3705:Domain
3646:
3636:
3603:
3560:
3550:
3498:
3449:
3439:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3333:
3323:
3274:
3264:
3256:
3206:
3196:
3144:
3134:
3084:
3074:
3027:
3017:
2978:
2968:
2929:
2919:
2880:
2870:
2821:
2811:
2762:
2752:
2705:
2695:
2646:
2636:
2587:
2579:
2553:Nature
2536:
2526:
2477:
2428:
2418:
2350:(LPSN)
2327:10 May
2300:10 May
2273:10 May
2246:10 May
2222:10 May
2201:10 May
2180:
2137:
2127:
2066:
2056:
1972:
1936:
1926:
1912:: 54.
1885:
1875:
1867:
1818:
1808:
1755:
1747:
1697:
1533:fixing
1376:Order
1292:Order
1203:Order
1102:Class
231:, and
195:genome
187:phylum
181:(syn.
117:Order
4611:WoRMS
4559:IRMNG
4112:DPANN
3795:Fungi
3390:S2CID
2585:S2CID
2241:(PDF)
2178:S2CID
1878:49357
1753:S2CID
1237:Order
1151:Order
4585:LPSN
4572:ITIS
4546:GBIF
4520:BOLD
4221:TACK
3644:PMID
3601:PMID
3558:PMID
3496:PMID
3447:PMID
3382:PMID
3374:ISSN
3331:PMID
3272:PMID
3254:ISSN
3204:PMID
3142:PMID
3082:PMID
3025:PMID
2976:PMID
2927:PMID
2878:PMID
2819:PMID
2760:PMID
2703:PMID
2644:PMID
2577:PMID
2534:PMID
2475:PMID
2426:PMID
2329:2023
2302:2023
2275:2023
2248:2023
2224:2023
2203:2023
2135:PMID
2064:PMID
1970:PMID
1934:PMID
1883:PMID
1865:ISSN
1816:PMID
1745:PMID
1695:PMID
1588:and
1510:amoA
1505:urea
1501:amoA
259:and
219:are
203:was
177:The
4564:258
4533:EoL
3634:PMC
3626:doi
3591:doi
3548:PMC
3540:doi
3486:doi
3437:PMC
3429:doi
3366:doi
3354:333
3321:PMC
3311:doi
3299:108
3262:PMC
3246:doi
3234:111
3194:PMC
3184:doi
3172:111
3132:PMC
3124:doi
3072:PMC
3064:doi
3015:PMC
3007:doi
3003:194
2966:PMC
2958:doi
2954:194
2917:PMC
2909:doi
2905:193
2868:PMC
2858:doi
2809:PMC
2799:doi
2787:112
2750:PMC
2742:doi
2693:PMC
2683:doi
2634:PMC
2624:doi
2612:108
2569:doi
2557:437
2524:PMC
2514:doi
2465:doi
2416:PMC
2408:doi
2170:doi
2158:204
2125:PMC
2115:doi
2103:107
2054:PMC
2046:doi
2010:doi
1998:181
1962:doi
1924:PMC
1914:doi
1873:PMC
1855:doi
1806:PMC
1796:doi
1784:108
1737:doi
1727:".
1685:doi
1536:HCO
920:Ca.
893:Ca.
866:Ca.
801:Ca.
774:Ca.
719:Ca.
699:Ca.
305:TEX
197:of
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