229:
553:. In some cases, writes Teeuw, Amir treats God almost as a lover, using familiar terms such as "engkau" ("you") to address Him. However, Amir recognises that he cannot be one with God. Jassin writes that Amir seems aware of his own smallness before God, acting as a puppet for God's will; Teeuw notes that Amir recognises that he would not exist if God did not.
569:
supernatural. Ultimately, however, Jassin concludes that Amir's soul has not reached maturity; he considers the collection's last poem, "Astana Rela", as but a temporary escape. Jassin finds that the theme of religion is likewise meant as an escape from Amir's worldly sorrows, an opinion echoed by Usman.
560:
Aside from themes of God and religion, Amir also shows an awareness of his own humanity, recognising his own instincts and drives. Jassin writes that "Amir's song is the song of a man's soul", showing sadness and joy which do not acknowledge class or creed. Teeuw notes a sense of distrust, a feeling
556:
This is not to say that Amir accepts his lower position in relation to God; in several cases, Jassin writes, Amir shows a feeling of dissatisfaction over his own lack of power and protests God's absoluteness. Teeuw likewise notes a sense of dissatisfaction throughout the poems, writing that Amir
528:, brought a new style to the Indonesian language, with its "compactly violent, sharp, and yet short" sentences. In a 1945 article he wrote (translation by Raffel), "Before Amir (Hamzah) one could call the old poetry a destructive force; but what a bright light he shone on the new language".
568:
Jassin writes that Amir uses "sunyi" ("silence") as a way to address his worldly problems: regarding time, his own identity, God, and love. According to Jassin, by the end of the compilation physical love has drifted towards a spiritual one, with the answers supplied originating from the
38:
536:
Religion and God are omnipresent throughout the collection, as evidenced from the first poem, "Padamu Jua". Amir often uses the word "Tuhan" ("God"). However, unlike his earlier poems which used it in a similar manner to "Dewa" ("Deity"), in
211:
view the collection as an attempt to address Amir’s worldly problems. The collection has been noted as difficult to read owing to its usage of rarely used Malay and
Javanese terms and basis in Islamic culture and Malay history. Despite this,
557:
seems to treat God as an entity that "only toys with humans, allowing them to be pushed aside and erased". Elsewhere Teeuw writes that Amir questions fate and the need for him to separate from his love.
599:
appear more developed and mature than those in the later collection. Teeuw notes that the later collection was more explicitly about romantic love, rather than the religious love of
513:
described the works as "obscure poetry" which could not be understood by persons without an understanding of Islam and Malay history. Indonesian literary scholar
203:
has focused on the theme of God and His relationship to humanity, as well as of aspects of human existence: fate, dissatisfaction, and escape. Literary critics
586:, a literary magazine which Amir had helped establish. It was later published as a standalone book, and by 1949 it had seen its third printing.
1395:
1213:
1194:
1104:
565:, meanwhile, discusses the theme of love lost in relation to religion, writing that the loss of his Javanese lover led Amir closer to God.
296:
dates the poems to 1936 and 1937. The time was one of great emotional turmoil for Hamzah, who was required to marry the daughter of the
1062:
502:
related to particular terms. Ultimately, however, Amir is freer in his language use than traditional poets. Indonesian critic
467:
format of four lines of four words. Teeuw notes that some, such "Batu Belah", followed traditional
European forms such as the
1464:
561:
that – having once lost his love – there is no reason Amir will not lose his next lover. Indonesian critic
1474:
1459:
147:
1388:
220:
termed "compactly violent, sharp, and yet short" sentences which brought a new style to the
Indonesian language.
1412:
482:
terms which saw little contemporary use. He also borrows heavily from other
Indonesian languages, particularly
269:
509:
Translator John M. Echols writes that the poems are "difficult reading even for
Indonesians", while poet
37:
1469:
1381:
297:
252:
175:
595:("Fruits of Longing"), which consisted mostly of his earlier works. Jassin notes that the works in
542:
263:
487:
335:(and indeed none of Amir's other works) are dated. At the end of the book is a couplet, reading "
278:
1362:
1333:
1309:
1283:
1259:
1235:
1209:
1190:
1171:
1147:
1126:
1100:
483:
345:
translates as "A flower floating in a loose knot of hair / Gave birth to my sorrowful poems".
274:
257:
233:
167:
110:
71:
1326:
Kesusasteraan Baru
Indonesia dari Abdullah Bin Albdalkadir Munshi sampai kepada Chairil Anwar
582:
282:
192:
82:
292:
as having been written between 1933 and 1937, while Dutch scholar of
Indonesian literature
514:
305:
1070:
495:
479:
61:
216:
has been described as freer in its form than traditional Malay poetry, with what poet
1453:
1247:
510:
503:
342:
217:
328:
248:
228:
1330:
Modern
Indonesian Literature from Abdullah Bin Albalkadir Munshi to Chairil Anwar
1299:
1184:
1090:
1404:
1321:
1223:
562:
324:
244:
208:
204:
171:
51:
455:, unlike much of Amir's earlier work, generally did not follow the traditional
251:
writer of noble descent and devout Muslim. He was well-oriented in traditional
1435:
1428:
591:
369:
187:
1313:
1287:
1239:
17:
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1337:
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1159:
1151:
1086:
121:
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1130:
639:... hanya memper-mainkan manusia, jang dibiarkanja ter-tunggu dan terhapus.
196:, the collection has been republished as a stand-alone book several times.
174:. Written some time after the poet was forced to marry the daughter of the
1295:
1271:
1089:(1976). "Modern Indonesian Literature in Brief". In L. F., Brakel (ed.).
518:
320:
293:
475:
166:; Indonesian for "Songs of Solitude" or "Songs of Silence") is a 1937
1258:]. Vol. 1. Jakarta: Akademi Sastera dan Bahasa "Multatuli".
550:
499:
491:
468:
457:
546:
463:
227:
1189:(2nd ed.). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
692:
301:
183:
179:
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157:
589:
In 1941 Amir published another collection of poems, entitled
331:, with the remaining thirteen as poems. None of the works in
471:. Others were more free-form, leaning towards prose poetry.
288:
Poet
Laurens Koster Bohang considers the poems included in
190:, none of which are dated. First published in the magazine
1282:] (in Indonesian). Vol. 1. Jakarta: Pembangunan.
990:
988:
854:
852:
357:
Untitled quatrain ("Sunyi Itu Duka"; "Silence is Sorrow")
1069:(in Indonesian). Jakarta City Government. Archived from
759:
757:
338:
Sunting sanggul melayah rendah / sekaki sajak seni sedih
304:. At the time Amir had reportedly fallen in love with a
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891:
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1308:] (in Indonesian). Vol. 1. Ende: Nusa Indah.
1099:]. Vol. 1. Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill.
744:
742:
740:
703:
701:
319:
consists of twenty-four titled pieces and an untitled
1361:] (in Malay). Kuala Lumpur: Pustaka Melayu Baru.
490:. The choice of words was influenced by the need for
255:, with favourites including historical texts such as
1359:
Nyanyi Sunyi (Amir Hamzah): Description and
Analysis
1411:
308:woman while studying, and was forced to leave her.
128:
116:
106:
89:
77:
67:
57:
47:
580:was first published in the November 1937 issue of
506:writes that the result is "a beautiful wordplay".
1232:Overview of the History of Indonesian Literature
1146:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pustaka Rakjat.
521:to religious texts, both Islamic and Christian.
336:
285:. As a result, he had an extensive vocabulary.
1208:. Albany: State University of New York Press.
1170:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gunung Agung.
1389:
1355:Nyanyi Sunyi (Amir Hamzah): Ulasan dan Kajian
1168:Amir Hamzah: King of the Pudjangga Baru Poets
182:, this collection consists of 24 titled
8:
1332:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gunung Mas.
652:Njanjian Amir adalah njanjian djiwa manusia.
30:
1234:] (in Indonesian). Bandung: Binacipta.
408:"Panji Dihadapanku" ("Banners in My Sight")
1396:
1382:
1374:
1206:Complete Prose and Poetry of Chairil Anwar
36:
29:
1164:Amir Hamzah: Radja Penjair Pudjangga Baru
417:"Doa Poyangku" ("Prayer of My Ancestors")
387:"Karena Kasihmu" ("Because of Your Love")
1186:Development of Modern Indonesian Poetry
858:
666:
617:
441:"Astana Rela" ("Palace of Resignation")
1033:
1021:
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952:
940:
911:
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870:
826:
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802:
790:
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763:
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707:
680:
341:", which American poet and translator
236:is thought to have heavily influenced
1045:
994:
964:
928:
843:
731:
348:The poems within the collection are:
7:
1125:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
693:Jakarta City Government, Amir Hamzah
429:"Ibuku Dehulu" ("My Mother, Before")
323:. Indonesian literary documentarian
541:the word is used as understood in
517:notes that the work also has many
25:
1228:Ikhtisar Sejarah Sastra Indonesia
1123:Indonesian Writing in Translation
420:"Turun Kembali" ("Descend Again")
327:classifies eight of the works as
247:(1911–1946) was a Dutch-educated
1256:History of Indonesian Literature
524:Anwar opined that Amir, through
402:"Terbuka Bunga" ("Open Flowers")
390:"Sebab Dikau" ("Because of You")
300:, who had funded his studies in
426:"Didalam Kelam" ("In Darkness")
411:"Memuji Dikau" ("Praising You")
405:"Mengawan" ("Climb to the Sky")
626:... permainan kata jang indah.
273:. Amir likewise read works of
178:instead of his chosen love in
1:
549:; Amir shows influences from
438:"Hari Menuai" ("Harvest Day")
423:"Batu Belah" ("Split Stone")
399:"Taman Dunia" ("World Park")
381:"Permainanmu" ("Your Games")
435:"Subuh" ("Morning Prayers")
1491:
1252:Sedjarah Sastera Indonesia
1097:Handbook of Orientalistics
1092:Handbuch der Orientalistik
1306:New Indonesian Literature
378:"Hanya Satu" ("Only One")
35:
1183:Raffel, Burton (1968) .
396:"Hanyut Aku" ("I Float")
375:"Barangkali" ("Perhaps")
1204:Raffel, Burton (1970).
1067:Encyclopedia of Jakarta
478:depends heavily on old
384:"Tetapi Aku" ("But I")
337:
270:Hikayat Panca Tanderan
241:
1301:Sastra Baru Indonesia
1138:Hamzah, Amir (1949).
1121:Echols, John (1956).
545:, such as Amir's own
231:
42:Cover, third printing
1353:Umar Junus (1968).
543:Abrahamic religions
264:Syair Siti Zubaidah
148:Republican Spelling
32:
27:Book by Amir Hamzah
1465:Poetry collections
1280:Tenets and Figures
997:, pp. 231–50.
432:"Insyaf" ("Aware")
242:
158:Perfected Spelling
95:November 1937
1475:Indonesian poetry
1460:1937 poetry books
1445:
1444:
1215:978-0-87395-061-9
1196:978-0-87395-024-4
1106:978-90-04-04331-2
1073:on 2 January 2012
612:Explanatory notes
414:"Kurnia" ("Gift")
372:" ("For You Too")
298:Sultan of Langkat
258:Hikayat Hang Tuah
234:arranged marriage
176:Sultan of Langkat
168:poetry collection
139:
138:
111:Dutch East Indies
107:Publication place
72:Poetry collection
16:(Redirected from
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1087:Balfas, Muhammad
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583:Poedjangga Baroe
393:"Doa" ("Prayer")
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283:Hindu literature
253:Malay literature
193:Poedjangga Baroe
102:
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91:Publication date
83:Poedjangga Baroe
40:
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1347:Further reading
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1294:
1276:Pokok dan Tokoh
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1144:Song of Silence
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967:, pp. 140.
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515:Muhammad Balfas
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134:(third edition)
117:Media type
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861:, p. 116.
848:
846:, p. 117.
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781:, p. 212.
768:
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736:
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685:
683:, p. 175.
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352:Untitled poems
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186:and pieces of
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1063:"Amir Hamzah"
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1024:, p. 31.
1023:
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913:
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901:
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816:
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804:
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751:, p. 13.
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710:, p. 14.
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511:Chairil Anwar
507:
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504:Bakri Siregar
501:
498:, as well as
497:
493:
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481:
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451:The poems in
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343:Burton Raffel
339:
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329:lyrical prose
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188:lyrical prose
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31:Nyanyi Sunyi
19:
18:Njanji Soenji
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1422:Nyanyi Sunyi
1421:
1420:
1413:Bibliography
1358:
1354:
1329:
1325:
1322:Usman, Zuber
1305:
1300:
1279:
1275:
1255:
1251:
1231:
1227:
1224:Rosidi, Ajip
1205:
1185:
1167:
1163:
1160:Jassin, H.B.
1143:
1140:Njanji Sunji
1139:
1122:
1110:. Retrieved
1096:
1091:
1075:. Retrieved
1071:the original
1066:
1041:
1036:, p. 1.
1029:
1017:
960:
948:
936:
907:
878:
866:
859:Siregar 1964
822:
810:
798:
793:, p. 9.
786:
727:
722:, p. 8.
715:
688:
651:
646:
638:
633:
625:
620:
601:Nyanyi Sunyi
600:
597:Nyanyi Sunyi
596:
590:
588:
581:
578:Nyanyi Sunyi
577:
576:
567:
559:
555:
539:Nyanyi Sunyi
538:
535:
526:Nyanyi Sunyi
525:
523:
508:
473:
462:
456:
453:Nyanyi Sunyi
452:
450:
362:Titled poems
361:
360:
351:
350:
347:
333:Nyanyi Sunyi
332:
317:Njanji Sunji
316:
315:
290:Nyanyi Sunyi
289:
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268:
262:
256:
243:
238:Nyanyi Sunyi
237:
214:Nyanyi Sunyi
213:
201:Nyanyi Sunyi
200:
199:Analysis of
198:
191:
163:Nyanyi Sunyi
162:
161:
153:Njanji Sunji
152:
151:
142:
141:
140:
133:
81:
1470:Amir Hamzah
1405:Amir Hamzah
1077:26 December
1055:Works cited
1034:Hamzah 1949
1022:Jassin 1962
1010:Jassin 1962
980:Jassin 1962
953:Jassin 1962
941:Jassin 1962
912:Jassin 1962
900:Balfas 1976
883:Rosidi 1976
871:Rosidi 1976
827:Jassin 1962
815:Raffel 1968
803:Hamzah 1949
791:Jassin 1962
779:Jassin 1962
764:Hamzah 1949
749:Jassin 1962
720:Jassin 1962
708:Echols 1956
681:Raffel 1970
650:Original: "
637:Original: "
624:Original: "
573:Publication
563:Zuber Usman
325:H.B. Jassin
245:Amir Hamzah
209:Zuber Usman
205:H.B. Jassin
172:Amir Hamzah
52:Amir Hamzah
1454:Categories
1436:Padamu Jua
1429:Buah Rindu
1046:Teeuw 1955
995:Usman 1959
965:Teeuw 1980
929:Teeuw 1955
844:Teeuw 1955
732:Teeuw 1980
607:References
592:Buah Rindu
370:Padamu Jua
224:Background
1314:222168801
1296:Teeuw, A.
1288:428077105
1272:Teeuw, A.
1240:609510126
1112:13 August
662:Footnotes
519:allusions
500:symbolism
122:softcover
78:Publisher
1367:63260744
1338:19655561
1324:(1959).
1298:(1980).
1274:(1955).
1264:63841626
1250:(1964).
1226:(1976).
1162:(1962).
1152:65112881
488:Sundanes
484:Javanese
321:quatrain
312:Contents
306:Javanese
294:A. Teeuw
58:Language
1176:7138547
1131:4844111
476:diction
474:Amir's
279:Persian
232:Amir’s
120:Print (
99:1937-11
97: (
1365:
1336:
1312:
1286:
1262:
1238:
1212:
1193:
1174:
1150:
1129:
1103:
551:Sufism
532:Themes
492:rhythm
469:ballad
458:pantun
281:, and
275:Arabic
267:, and
48:Author
1357:[
1328:[
1304:[
1278:[
1254:[
1230:[
1166:[
1142:[
1095:[
547:Islam
496:metre
480:Malay
464:syair
249:Malay
184:poems
129:Pages
68:Genre
62:Malay
1363:OCLC
1334:OCLC
1310:OCLC
1284:OCLC
1260:OCLC
1236:OCLC
1210:ISBN
1191:ISBN
1172:OCLC
1148:OCLC
1127:OCLC
1114:2011
1101:ISBN
1079:2011
494:and
486:and
461:and
447:Form
302:Java
207:and
180:Java
170:by
132:31
1456::
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603:.
277:,
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160::
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