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in both space and time. Hartle and
Hawking suggest that if we could travel backwards in time towards the beginning of the universe, we would note that quite near what might have been the beginning, time gives way to space so that there is only space and no time.
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According to the Hartle–Hawking proposal, the universe has no origin as we would understand it: before the
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dimension. The precise form of the Hartle–Hawking state is the path integral over all
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Such a wave function of the universe can be shown to satisfy, approximately, the
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Proposal concerning the state of the universe prior to the Planck epoch
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Hartle, J.; Hawking, S. (1983). "Wave function of the
Universe".
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More precisely, the Hartle-Hawking state is a hypothetical
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540:Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays
143:-dimensional geometries that have the required
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147:on their boundary. According to the theory,
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262:"Review of the no-boundary wave function"
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770:Stephen Hawking: Master of the Universe
524:The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time
209:
786:Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking
754:God, the Universe and Everything Else
7:
794:Brave New World with Stephen Hawking
495:Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems
631:George's Secret Key to the Universe
362:from the original on 6 October 2014
303:"The cosmological constant problem"
604:Brief Answers to the Big Questions
485:Gibbons–Hawking–York boundary term
127: − 1)-dimensional
25:
39:and Hartle–Hawking State diagram.
596:The Dreams That Stuff Is Made Of
465:Chronology protection conjecture
172:
655:George and the Unbreakable Code
301:Weinberg, Steven (1989-01-01).
260:Lehners, Jean-Luc (June 2023).
853:Black hole information paradox
387:. New York : BasicBooks.
1:
639:George's Cosmic Treasure Hunt
288:10.1016/j.physrep.2023.06.002
110:wave function of the universe
548:The Nature of Space and Time
55:concerning the state of the
858:Thorne–Hawking–Preskill bet
900:
762:Stephen Hawking's Universe
564:On the Shoulders of Giants
556:The Universe in a Nutshell
384:The origin of the universe
802:Genius by Stephen Hawking
572:A Briefer History of Time
455:Black hole thermodynamics
350:Hawking, Stephen (1996).
307:Reviews of Modern Physics
49:no-boundary wave function
735:The Theory of Everything
663:George and the Blue Moon
615:(2023, posthume message)
580:God Created the Integers
381:Barrow, John D. (1994).
239:10.1103/PhysRevD.28.2960
711:A Brief History of Time
647:George and the Big Bang
532:A Brief History of Time
352:"The Beginning of Time"
319:10.1103/RevModPhys.61.1
160:Wheeler–DeWitt equation
670:Unlocking the Universe
475:Gibbons–Hawking effect
470:Gibbons–Hawking ansatz
131:, the universe, where
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612:On the Origin of Time
480:Gibbons–Hawking space
92:Technical explanation
33:
490:Hartle–Hawking state
63:. It is named after
47:, also known as the
45:Hartle–Hawking state
18:No-boundary proposal
231:1983PhRvD..28.2960H
108:that describes the
53:theoretical physics
879:Physical cosmology
843:In popular culture
820:Jane Wilde Hawking
773:(2008 documentary)
765:(1997 documentary)
193:Multiple histories
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778:Genius of Britain
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450:Hawking radiation
394:978-0-465-05354-4
219:Physical Review D
51:is a proposal in
16:(Redirected from
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688:My Brief History
588:The Grand Design
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460:Micro black hole
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364:. Retrieved
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65:James Hartle
61:Planck epoch
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313:(1): 1–23.
153:Planck time
85:singularity
873:Categories
828:(daughter)
746:Television
328:2152/61094
279:2303.08802
204:References
117:functional
848:Namesakes
337:0034-6861
247:121947045
137:spacetime
366:10 March
360:Archived
272:: 1–82.
166:See also
115:It is a
81:Big Bang
57:universe
36:Big Bang
727:Hawking
719:Hawking
680:Memoirs
623:Fiction
516:Science
443:Physics
227:Bibcode
135:is the
119:of the
100:in the
75:History
813:Family
757:(1988)
738:(2014)
730:(2013)
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714:(1991)
691:(2013)
672:(2020)
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551:(1996)
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527:(1973)
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98:vector
836:Other
703:Films
509:Books
274:arXiv
243:S2CID
389:ISBN
368:2014
333:ISSN
270:1022
149:time
67:and
43:The
323:hdl
315:doi
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