574:
was heavily mortared and machine gunned, yet he moved about among his men keeping them alert and encouraging them, though under fire himself at the time. When the enemy, some 300 strong in all, made their first assault they concentrated all their effects on his platoon of 24 men but in spite of the ferocity of the attack, he moved about from trench to trench distributing ammunition, and firing his rifle and throwing grenades at the enemy, often from completely exposed positions. Later, when the crew of one of his forward Bren guns had all been wounded, he sent back to troop
Headquarters for another crew and ran forward to man the gun himself until they arrived. The enemy was then less than 10 yards from him in dead ground down the hill so in order to get a better field of fire, he stood on top of the trench, firing the light machine gun from his hip and successfully keeping them at a distance until a Medical Orderly had dressed and evacuated the wounded men behind him. the new Bren Gun team also became casualties on the way up and Lieutenant Knowland continued to fire the gun until another team took over. Later, when a fresh attack came in he took over a 2 inch Mortar and in spite of heavy fire and the closeness of the enemy, he stood up in the open to face them, firing the mortar from his hip and killing six of them with his first bomb. When all bombs were expended he went back through heavy grenade, mortar and machine gun fire to get more, which he fired in the same way from the open in front of his platoon positions. When those bombs were finished he went back to his own trench and still standing up fired his rifle at them. Being hard pressed and with the enemy closing in on him from only 10 yards away, he had no time to re-charge his magazine. Snatching up the Tommy gun of a casualty, he sprayed the enemy and was mortally wounded stemming this assault, though not before he had killed and wounded many of the enemy. Such was the inspiration of his magnificent heroism, that, though fourteen out of twenty-four of his platoon became casualties at an early stage, and six of his positions were overrun by the enemy, his men held on through twelve hours of continuous and fierce fighting until reinforcements arrived. If this Northern end of the hill had fallen the rest of the hill would have been endangered, the beach-head dominated by the enemy and other units farther inland cut off from their source of supplies. As it was, the final successful counter-attack was later launched from the vital ground which Lieutenant Knowland had taken such a gallant part in holding.
561:
was attacked by a German destroyer at 50 to 60 yards range, and often closer. In this action
Sergeant Durrant continued to fire at the destroyer's bridge with the greatest of coolness and with complete disregard of the enemy's fire. The Motor Launch was illuminated by the enemy searchlight, and Sergeant Durrant drew on himself the individual attention of the enemy guns, and was again wounded in many places. Despite these further wounds he stayed in his exposed position, still firing his gun, although after a time only able to support himself by holding on to the gun mounting. After a running fight, the Commander of the German destroyer called on the Motor Launch to surrender. Sergeant Durrant's answer was a further burst of fire at the destroyer's bridge. Although now very weak, he went on firing, using drums of ammunition as fast as they could be replaced. A renewed attack by the enemy vessel eventually silenced the fire of the Motor Launch, but Sergeant Durrant refused to give up until the destroyer came alongside, grappled the Motor Launch and took prisoner those who remained alive. Sergeant Durrant's gallant fight was commended by the German officers on boarding the Motor Launch. This very gallant non-commissioned officer later died of the many wounds received in action.
339:
190:
64:
46:
269:. He called for specially trained troops that would "develop a reign of terror down the enemy coast". At first they were a small force of volunteers who carried out small raids against enemy occupied territory, but by 1943 their role had changed into lightly equipped assault Infantry which specialised in spearheading amphibious landings.
560:
towards the port. Sergeant
Durrant, in his position abaft the bridge, where he had no cover or protection, engaged enemy gun positions and searchlights ashore. During this engagement he was severely wounded in the arm but refused to leave his gun. The Motor Launch subsequently went down the river and
573:
In Burma on 31 January 1945, near Kangaw, Lieutenant
Knowland was commanding the forward platoon of a Troop positioned on the extreme North of a hill which was subjected to very heavy and repeated enemy attacks throughout the whole day. Before the first attack started, Lieutenant Knowland's platoon
346:
The men for No. 1 Commando were all originally from the disbanded No. 6 and No. 8 Independent
Companies and formed the commando on 13 June 1940. Then on 27 July 1940 the commando became part of No. 1 Special Service Battalion. It was reformed as No. 1 Commando again 5 March 1941 and stationed in
354:
For a raiding force the normal
British Army regimental or battalion structure was deemed unsuitable, so the commandos devised a new structure. This new structure would not have any heavy weapons or motor transport attached and would consist of a small headquarters of six officers, four senior
419:
Compared to the other commando formations, No. 1 Commando got off to a late start. It had to wait for its men to arrive from the independent companies, who continued to guard the
British coastline in the face of a potential German invasion. Operations No.1 Commando participated in included
1175:
338:
555:
For great gallantry, skill and devotion to duty when in charge of a Lewis gun in HM Motor Launch 306 in the St
Nazaire raid on 28 March 1942. Motor Launch 306 came under heavy fire while proceeding up the river
1403:
1557:
687:
1537:
1542:
1168:
1532:
411:
detachments. The five other fighting troops had also changed and now consisted of a small four-man headquarters and two sections of 31 men further divided into two sub-sections of 14 men.
323:. The course in the Scottish Highlands concentrated on fitness, speed marches, weapons training, map reading, climbing, small boat operations and demolitions both by day and by night.
1161:
1552:
1547:
1314:
293:
403:. With the move to the 3rd Special Service Brigade the commando formation changed and now consisted of six troops one being a heavy weapons troop of nine
210:
379:. Each troop was divided into two sections of 24 men with a junior officer in command. The commando had no special equipment issued: they carried
454:. The award was unique: he is the only soldier to receive the Victoria Cross for a naval action, and in that it was recommended by the enemy.
1124:
266:
1427:
330:
of assault infantry to spearhead future Allied landing operations. Three units were left un-brigaded to carry out smaller-scale raids.
476:
After a short stay regrouping in
England the command sailed for India. From September 1944 it fought as part of 3 Commando brigade in
1143:
1105:
1086:
421:
535:. In 1946 the decision was made to disband the Army commandos and subsequently the 3 Commando Brigade became a formation of the
662:
652:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1319:
1243:
1012:
539:, which continues to exist today. As a result, No. 1/5 Commando was formed on 23 March 1946 and disbanded in February 1947.
461:
landings in North Africa in
November 1942. During Operation Torch No. 1 Commando became the first unit to wear the commando
1432:
1422:
1417:
400:
802:
319:
and remained on their regimental roll for pay. All volunteers went through the six-week intensive commando course at
1437:
1248:
1376:
747:
722:
712:
667:
612:
408:
368:
342:
A soldier from No. 1 Commando climbs up a steep rock face during training at Glencoe, Scotland, 19 November 1941.
1360:
1258:
737:
364:
356:
99:
1504:
395:(plus from Operation Torch onwards until after the war, the US M1 Garand). The only heavy weapon issued was a
299:
By the autumn of 1940 more than 2,000 men had volunteered for commando training, and what became known as the
1509:
1412:
1233:
392:
312:
300:
757:
707:
566:
497:
388:
1355:
777:
642:
93:
1042:
1494:
1283:
682:
548:
447:
396:
303:
was formed into 12 units called commandos. Each commando would number around 450 men commanded by a
1499:
1489:
647:
592:
425:
404:
214:
161:
131:
315:. Commandos were all volunteers seconded from other British Army regiments and retained their own
1153:
717:
657:
632:
485:
304:
281:
230:
217:. Operationally they carried out a series of small scale cross channel raids and spearheaded the
171:
156:
89:
1184:
1139:
1120:
1101:
1082:
767:
762:
752:
732:
727:
692:
672:
637:
607:
602:
511:. The war ended before the Zipper landing could take place, and the commando went to liberate
262:
206:
1453:
742:
702:
677:
504:
466:
436:
360:
348:
326:
By 1943 the commandos had moved away from small raiding operations and had been formed into
141:
384:
1392:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1253:
1016:
772:
622:
458:
289:
218:
166:
107:
189:
1238:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
697:
617:
597:
532:
528:
508:
493:
451:
376:
285:
250:
245:; two of the eight were from No. 1 Commando. After the war they were sent to reoccupy
242:
234:
111:
103:
51:
1526:
584:
536:
481:
238:
222:
151:
69:
531:
process occurred, the unit's numbers began to dwindle and it was amalgamated with
253:
to form No. 1/5 Commando. The amalgamated No. 1/5 Commando was disbanded in 1947.
1020:
1473:
1463:
1324:
1309:
1304:
1299:
627:
462:
440:
277:
226:
424:, a raid on the French coast on the night of 27/28 August 1941. There followed
1468:
380:
320:
524:
512:
470:
316:
246:
121:
931:
806:
523:
Following the end of the war, No. 1 Commando undertook garrison duties in
1458:
444:
79:
429:
327:
273:
457:
The commando then withdrew from raiding operations to prepare for the
489:
372:
308:
272:
The man initially selected as the overall commander of the force was
587:
were awarded to the British Commandos during the Second World War.
557:
477:
503:
In March 1945 the commando withdrew back to India to prepare for
432:
over the period of 2–7 April 1942 which was eventually aborted.
1157:
492:. Kangaw became one of the most intense battles of the whole
292:. Keyes resigned in October 1941 and was replaced by Admiral
443:
in France on the night of 28 March 1942. During the raid
439:, a successful attack on the heavily defended docks of
213:. It was raised in 1940 from the ranks of the existing
1558:
Military units and formations in Burma in World War II
399:. In 1943, No. 1 Commando also came under command the
383:
identical to those of other British infantry forces –
1117:
Encyclopaedia of Elite Forces in the Second World War
1538:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1947
1543:
Commando units and formations of the United Kingdom
1482:
1446:
1401:
1385:
1369:
1348:
1292:
1191:
261:The commandos were formed in 1940, by the order of
184:
179:
147:
137:
127:
117:
85:
75:
57:
39:
31:
23:
18:
1533:Military units and formations established in 1940
805:. Commando Veterans Association. Archived from
1185:British Commando units of the Second World War
241:, only eight commandos were recipients of the
1169:
500:earned the commando's second Victoria Cross.
8:
1553:1947 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
1279:No. 62 Commando (Small Scale Raiding Force)
435:The commando next supplied a troop for the
1176:
1162:
1154:
311:of 75 men and further divided into 15-man
1548:1940 establishments in the United Kingdom
371:. The commando initially consisted of 10
337:
211:British Army during the Second World War
971:
969:
967:
926:
864:
862:
860:
794:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
878:
876:
874:
375:each of 50 men and was commanded by a
15:
280:himself a veteran of the landings at
7:
1079:No. 10 Inter-Allied Commando 1942–45
496:and during the fighting Lieutenant
233:and took part in operations in the
14:
713:North-West Europe 1942, 1944–1945
473:between February and March 1943.
1134:Moreman, Timothy Robert (2006).
363:and eight men attached from the
188:
62:
44:
1013:"History Section – Sappers VCs"
934:. Commando Veterans Association
1340:No. 48 (Royal Marine) Commando
1335:No. 47 (Royal Marine) Commando
1330:No. 46 (Royal Marine) Commando
1325:No. 45 (Royal Marine) Commando
1320:No. 44 (Royal Marine) Commando
1315:No. 43 (Royal Marine) Commando
1310:No. 42 (Royal Marine) Commando
1305:No. 41 (Royal Marine) Commando
1300:No. 40 (Royal Marine) Commando
1244:No. 10 (Inter-Allied) Commando
249:before being amalgamated with
1:
484:. One notable engagement was
469:the commando got involved in
307:. They were sub divided into
225:. They were then sent to the
688:Middle East 1941, 1942, 1944
1433:4th Special Service Brigade
1428:3rd Special Service Brigade
1423:2nd Special Service Brigade
1418:1st Special Service Brigade
1077:van der Bijl, Nick (2006).
663:Landing at Porto San Venere
401:3rd Special Service Brigade
1574:
1438:Special Air Service Troops
1249:No. 11 (Scottish) Commando
1115:Haskew, Michael E (2007).
507:, the planned invasion of
1505:No. 1 Demolition Squadron
1377:Royal Air Force Commandos
1136:British Commandos 1940–46
569:Victoria Cross citation:
551:Victoria Cross citation:
543:Victoria Cross recipients
471:first battle of Sedjenane
357:Non-commissioned officers
1500:Special Raiding Squadron
1361:British commando frogmen
1259:No. 14 (Arctic) Commando
803:"Victoria Cross Winners"
393:Thompson submachine guns
1510:Long Range Desert Group
1413:Special Service Brigade
1234:No. 8 (Guards) Commando
1096:Chappell, Mike (1996).
1043:"Victoria Cross awards"
389:Bren light machine guns
301:Special Service Brigade
1483:Other Commando forces:
1098:Army Commandos 1940–45
1045:. Britannia and Castle
1019:museum. Archived from
576:
563:
498:George Arthur Knowland
343:
267:British Prime Minister
1495:Special Boat Squadron
1356:Royal Naval Commandos
1138:. Osprey Publishing.
1100:. Osprey Publishing.
1081:. Osprey Publishing.
571:
553:
407:detachments and nine
341:
215:independent companies
94:Close-quarters combat
1284:Middle East Commando
708:North Africa 1941–43
549:Thomas Frank Durrant
448:Thomas Frank Durrant
405:Vickers machine guns
397:Boys anti-tank rifle
231:3rd Commando Brigade
1490:Special Air Service
1023:on 18 December 2006
932:"No1 Army Commando"
426:Operation Myrmidion
162:Operation Myrmidion
132:Combined Operations
891:van der Bijl, p.12
773:Valli di Comacchio
723:Pursuit to Messina
486:battle of Hill 170
344:
305:lieutenant colonel
205:was a unit of the
172:Battle of Hill 170
157:Operation Deep Cut
90:Amphibious warfare
1518:
1517:
1126:978-1-84415-577-4
1119:. Pen and Sword.
961:Moreman, pp.12–13
900:Moreman, pp.84–85
668:Landing in Sicily
422:Operation Chopper
294:Louis Mountbatten
263:Winston Churchill
207:British Commandos
196:
195:
1565:
1370:Royal Air Force:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1155:
1149:
1130:
1111:
1092:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1009:
1003:
1000:
994:
991:
985:
982:
976:
973:
962:
959:
953:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
928:
901:
898:
892:
889:
883:
880:
869:
866:
855:
852:
846:
843:
837:
834:
828:
825:
819:
818:
816:
814:
799:
753:Steamroller Farm
703:Normandy Landing
505:Operation Zipper
467:Tunisia Campaign
437:St. Nazaire Raid
239:Second World War
209:and part of the
192:
152:Second World War
68:
66:
65:
50:
48:
47:
16:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1478:
1442:
1397:
1393:No. 30 Commando
1381:
1365:
1344:
1288:
1274:No. 52 Commando
1269:No. 51 Commando
1264:No. 50 Commando
1254:No. 12 Commando
1187:
1182:
1152:
1146:
1133:
1127:
1114:
1108:
1095:
1089:
1076:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1017:Royal Engineers
1011:
1010:
1006:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
983:
979:
974:
965:
960:
956:
951:
947:
937:
935:
930:
929:
904:
899:
895:
890:
886:
881:
872:
867:
858:
853:
849:
844:
840:
835:
831:
826:
822:
812:
810:
809:on 12 June 2011
801:
800:
796:
787:
782:
581:
567:George Knowland
545:
521:
459:Operation Torch
417:
336:
290:First World War
259:
229:as part of the
219:Operation Torch
199:
167:Operation Torch
110:
106:
102:
98:
97:Coastal raiding
96:
92:
63:
61:
45:
43:
12:
11:
5:
1571:
1569:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1447:Ad hoc Forces:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1387:
1386:Joint Service:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1239:No. 9 Commando
1236:
1231:
1229:No. 7 Commando
1226:
1224:No. 6 Commando
1221:
1219:No. 5 Commando
1216:
1214:No. 4 Commando
1211:
1209:No. 3 Commando
1206:
1204:No. 2 Commando
1201:
1199:No. 1 Commando
1195:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1151:
1150:
1144:
1131:
1125:
1112:
1106:
1093:
1087:
1073:
1066:
1065:
1056:
1034:
1004:
1002:Chappell, p.31
995:
993:Chappell, p.46
986:
977:
963:
954:
945:
902:
893:
884:
870:
856:
847:
838:
829:
820:
793:
786:
783:
781:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
648:Greece 1944–45
645:
640:
638:Djebel Choucha
635:
633:Dives Crossing
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
589:
585:Battle honours
583:The following
580:
579:Battle honours
577:
544:
541:
533:No. 5 Commando
529:demobilisation
520:
517:
494:Burma campaign
452:Victoria Cross
416:
413:
335:
332:
286:Zeebrugge raid
258:
255:
251:No. 5 Commando
243:Victoria Cross
235:Burma Campaign
203:No. 1 Commando
197:
194:
193:
186:
185:Shoulder Patch
182:
181:
177:
176:
175:
174:
169:
164:
159:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
112:Reconnaissance
104:Jungle warfare
87:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
59:
55:
54:
52:United Kingdom
41:
37:
36:
33:
29:
28:
25:
21:
20:
19:No. 1 Commando
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1570:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1521:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1293:Royal Marine:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:British Army:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1147:
1145:1-84176-986-X
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1107:1-85532-579-9
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1088:1-84176-999-1
1084:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1063:Moreman, p.94
1060:
1057:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1008:
1005:
999:
996:
990:
987:
984:Moreman, p.13
981:
978:
975:Moreman, p.26
972:
970:
968:
964:
958:
955:
952:Moreman, p.15
949:
946:
933:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
903:
897:
894:
888:
885:
882:Moreman, p.12
879:
877:
875:
871:
865:
863:
861:
857:
854:Chappell, p.6
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836:Chappell, p.3
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653:Italy 1943–45
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618:Burma 1943–45
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537:Royal Marines
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468:
465:. During the
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409:3 inch Mortar
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237:. During the
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198:Military unit
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100:Direct action
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35:February 1947
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1070:Bibliography
1069:
1068:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:the original
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989:
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948:
938:18 September
936:. Retrieved
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887:
868:Haskew, p.48
850:
845:Moreman, p.8
841:
832:
823:
811:. Retrieved
807:the original
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693:Monte Ornito
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428:, a raid on
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223:North Africa
221:landings in
202:
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128:Part of
70:British Army
1474:Timberforce
1464:Layforce II
1454:Forfarforce
1349:Royal Navy:
778:Westkapelle
748:Sicily 1943
743:Sedjenane 1
733:St. Nazaire
718:Norway 1941
613:Argenta Gap
598:Alethangyaw
565:Lieutenant
519:Disbandment
463:green beret
441:St. Nazaire
385:Lee–Enfield
361:other ranks
278:Roger Keyes
148:Engagements
138:Garrison/HQ
1527:Categories
1469:Northforce
1402:Brigades (
785:References
758:Syria 1941
683:Madagascar
415:Operations
381:small arms
321:Achnacarry
317:cap badges
257:Background
547:Sergeant
527:. As the
525:Hong Kong
515:instead.
513:Hong Kong
349:Dartmouth
334:Formation
282:Gallipoli
247:Hong Kong
142:Dartmouth
122:Battalion
32:Disbanded
27:1940–1947
1459:Layforce
1049:21 April
1027:21 April
813:21 April
643:Flushing
593:Adriatic
480:and the
450:won the
445:Sergeant
387:rifles,
328:brigades
313:sections
284:and the
180:Insignia
80:Commando
763:Termoli
738:Salerno
430:Bayonne
377:captain
288:in the
274:Admiral
108:Raiding
40:Country
1142:
1123:
1104:
1085:
768:Vaagso
698:Myebon
678:Litani
658:Kangaw
628:Dieppe
509:Malaya
490:Kangaw
482:Arakan
373:troops
309:troops
67:
58:Branch
49:
24:Active
790:Notes
728:Rhine
673:Leese
623:Crete
608:Anzio
603:Aller
558:Loire
478:Burma
359:, 23
227:India
1404:List
1140:ISBN
1121:ISBN
1102:ISBN
1083:ISBN
1051:2010
1029:2010
940:2014
815:2010
391:and
369:RAOC
367:and
365:RAMC
276:Sir
265:the
201:The
118:Size
86:Role
76:Type
488:at
1529::
1406:):
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966:^
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296:.
1177:e
1170:t
1163:v
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817:.
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