312:(May 9, 1892 – May 18, 1970), his father was exiled because of a misunderstanding with the Catholic priest, Father Stanislaus (Stanley) St. Croix, who arrived in 1916 and was based in St. Alban's as parish priest and school administrator and priest. Ethnographer Doug Jackson - who "began research in in 1976 and lived there until 1981" - observed that St. Croix - who forbid the use of traditional language in the church and in the school, was the primary force behind the acceleration of the loss of the Mi'kmaw language in the early twentieth century. St. Croix "told teachers to strictly enforce the use of English in the classroom. Children were to be strapped if they reverted to Micmac, and he banned the use of Micmac in church.". Jackson wrote that Mi'kmaw Rod Jeddore indicated that, "the impact of intermarriage, economic climate, and Fr. St. Croix's ban on language" were "the primary reasons for the decline of Mi'kmaw language in the area and by the 1980s the language had largely disappeared." "These acts together with other forces of change (including the opening of the interior of the island and increased intermarriage with Europeans) left only three fluent speakers of Mi’kmaq in the community by the mid-1980s."
223:- made up of representatives from the seven district councils in Mi'kma'ki. The chief of the Newfoundland Mi'kmak was Reuben Lewis, who was elected as probationary chief in 1900 following the death of Joe Bernard. In June 1907 Reuben Lewis was to "go in state with the principal men of Conn River to Sydney to be invested with the full right of chieftainship and the possession of the gold medal which is the badge of office." As chief, Noel Jeddore was given guardianship of the gold medal first given to the previous district Chief Maurice Lewis by the Grand Council. Maurice Lewis came to Miawipukek originally from Cape Breton in 1815. When he left Miawpukek Jerrold hung the medal on the statue of St. Anne near the Catholic Church. The priest, St. Croix, who deposed Chief Noel Jeddore in 1924 "was also responsible for dismantling traditional governing structures in the community."
244:
Jeddore, the Mi’kmaq in the Bay D’Espoir "lived in greater isolation and so were able both to retain their language well into the twentieth century and to continue their traditional practices of living as hunter-gatherers and commercial trappers." Jackson described how, the "uninhabited wilderness of the southern interior offered an abundant variety of small game: fox, muskrat and beaver. Thousands of woodland caribou roamed the bush and barrens." Prior to the early nineteenth century Mi'kmaq lived a nomadic life moving in cycles and seasons between
Newfoundland and Cape Breton. In the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century they made a transition to semi-sedentary life as
292:, resourceful, self-sufficient, "easy to govern", "seldom quarrel", with "no intoxicating liquor and seldom obtain any", he predicted that their future on the reserve was bleak. The only two cows on the reserve were owned by the Jeddore brothers. MacGregor explained that the Chieftainship was "not hereditary, but is conferred, when a vacancy occurs, on the man the people prefer."
288:
there were "hunters and trappers, and are ignorant alike of agriculture, of seamanship, and of fishing... They pay 60 to 70 cents a pound for their tobacco, 20 to 30 cents for gunpowder, and 10 cents for shot. They sell their fur locally where they make their small family purchases." Although he acknowledged that they were healthy and free of
287:
in
September 1908. In his report he described how the lives of Mi'kmaq on the reserve were becoming more difficult with the encroachment of the railway, a mill and settlers which contributed to the depletion of natural resources on their traditional hunting lands. MacGregor described how the Mi'kmaq
316:"mocked God." During an impassioned community meeting in 1923 Noel Jeddore said that "if we stopped speaking Mi’kmaq in the church, there would be murder in our hearts." When community members reported this to St. Croix he interpreted it to mean that Jeddore was threatening murder. He called the
300:
The Mi'kmaq at Bay d'Espoir had converted to
Catholicism when an early French missionary came to the area and continued to be devout Catholics. They built the first chapel in Bay d’Espoir, Conne River in the 1870s even though there was never a regular parish priest. As chief of the Mi'kmaq, Noel
243:
Miawpukek was a summer camp until
Jeannot Pequidalouet - the eastern Mi'kmaq chief of Cape Breton, who had previously overwintered in Newfoundland - began to create a permanent settlement in Miawpukek from in the 1760s. In his MA thesis Butler citing Jackson described how under the leadership of
234:
by
Millais (1865 – 1931) the author included his favourable observations of the Jeddore family and other Conne River Mi'kmaq during his visits to Newfoundland in "two short hunting seasons in 1905-1906." Millais observed that in the absence of a Catholic priest Conne River at Christmas time, Joe
315:
When the first regular priest Father
Stanislaus St. Croix arrived in 1916 he wanted the Mi'kmaq to join his parish in St. Albans instead of holding services in their own church. St. Croix wanted the Mi'kmaq to stop saying their prayers - particularly in the church - in Mi'kmaq as he thought it
380:
A signed statement of this information mentioned I the Holy Cross Annual, 1961, signed by Joseph
Jeddore and witnessed by John Denny Jeddore and John Benoit Sr. was sent to P.W. Browne, D.D Ph. D., Department of History, Catholic University of America, 1406 Lawrence St., Brooklyn,
1024:"Colonial Reports, Misc., No. 54, Newfoundland, Report by the Governor on a visit to the Micmac Indians at Bay d'Espoir, Newfoundland presented to both Houses of Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly Parliament by command of His Majesty"
256:' (1865 – 1931) the author included his favourable observations of the Jeddore family and other Conne River Mi'kmaq during his visits to Newfoundland in "two short hunting seasons in 1905-1906." Like
305:- Mi'kmaq hieroglyphics. The prayer book which was "originally given by the missionaries and was in Mi’kmaq" - was used "firstly within the wigwam, then the village chapel and later at ."
351:, Jeddore said: "One time before they became Christians, Mi’kmaw were very strong, not even bullets could hurt them. But when they became Christian, they turned into a very weak people".
954:
324:
with very close ties to the Conne River community. Noel
Jeddore appointed his son as Chief in the 1920s but his son refused. According to American anthropologist and
1231:
1009:
226:
Lewis as chief made settled disputes about territorial trapping areas and his decisions were final. Noel
Jeddore was known as Saqamaw Jeddore or Geodol to the
1241:
1216:
211:
or grand chief of the Mi’kmaq of the provinces of New
Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia and Quebec." Prior to the passage of the 1876
1226:
248:
living "on the country" on Newfoundland itself in permanent communities lime St. George's Bay and Miawpukek in Bay d'Espoir. In a 1907 publication
958:
320:
and Jeddore was given the choice of going to jail or exile. He along with some community members chose to go to a Mi’kmaq reserve in Eskasoni,
775:
Resistance and Reinscription: Revitalizing Mi'kmaq Culture in Newfoundland A Grounded Theory Discursive Analysis of Oppression and Resistance
301:
Jeddore was the guardian of a prayer book watermarked in 1807 that he used for Sunday mass and other religious services - deciphering the
1236:
993:
827:
1067:
909:
653:
562:
317:
711:
860:
773:
325:
216:
332:, one of his older Mi'kmaq informants described in detail how the Mi'kmaq made the sixty mile voyage across the
1221:
1123:
195:
in the Coast of Islands region. Jeddore served as chief from July 26, 1919 until he was forced into exile to
712:"Investigating the restoration of the Mi'kmaq language and culture on the First Nations reserve of Miawpukek"
674:"Our Strength is Ourselves: Identity, Status, and Cultural Revitalization among the Mi'kmaq in Newfoundland"
341:
673:
348:
196:
192:
1211:
1206:
793:
253:
593:
1003:
420:
321:
260:
who had undertaken an expedition in 1822 to the interior of Newfoundland with his Mi'kmaq guide
989:
833:
823:
649:
280:
265:
227:
1178:
794:"Early Mikmaq Presence in Southern Newfoundland: an Ethnohistorical Perspective, c.1500-1763"
245:
207:
The name "Jeddore" can be traced back to We’jitu Isidore, (ca. 1656 – ca. 1769) who "was a
199:, in 1924. He was born at Indian Point, Bay d'Espoir and he died at Eskasoni, Cape Breton.
743:
432:
257:
932:
284:
273:
188:
852:
800:, vol. 19, no. 1, Restigouche, Québec: Mi'gmawei Mawiomi Institute of Listuguj
539:
1023:
820:
Nog̳waʹmkisk : where the sand blows ... : vignettes of Bay St. George Micmacs
640:
56:
Saqamaw Lupe'n Reuben Lewis, Olibia Chief of the Newfoundland Mi'kmaq from 1900 - 1919
1200:
401:
309:
261:
117:
1075:
333:
289:
898:, Actes du vingtième congrès des Algonquinistes, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 208–213
894:
Martijn, Charles A., Cowan, William (ed.), "An Eastern Micmac Domain of Islands",
329:
269:
1157:
Miawipukek Aknutmaqn: News and Information from Aosamiaji'jij Miawpukek Reserve
1101:
Miawipukek Aknutmaqn: News and Information from Aosamiaji'jij Miawpukek Reserve
489:
Miawipukek Aknutmaqn: News and Information from Aosamiaji'jij Miawpukek Reserve
461:
212:
178:
754:, St. John's, Newfoundland: Memorial University of Newfoundland, p. 2158
374:
1096:
837:
183:
1048:
1152:
981:
822:. Port au Port East, Nfld.: Bay St. George Regional Indian Band Council.
746:
Reminiscences of Forty-two Years of Exploration in and about Newfoundland
337:
510:
1124:"Beothuk and Micmac: Indian Notes and Monographs, Miscellaneous Series"
173:
1068:"Conne River Mi'kmaq Hieroglyphic ms. prayer book: some background"
883:. The Micmac of Newfoundland. St. John's: Harry Cuff Publications.
484:
276:, he provided details on the lives of the Newfoundland Mi'kmaq.
564:
Miapukek First Nation: Indian Act: We Got In, We Could Get Out
984:
Narrative of a Journey Across the Island of Newfoundland
1097:"Lnu'k Saqmawaq of Taqm Mi'kmaq chiefs of Newfoundland"
533:
531:
376:
Lnu'k Saqmawaq of Taqm Mi'kmaq chiefs of Newfoundland
648:. St. John's, Newfoundland: Harry Cuff Publishing.
633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
143:
132:
124:
113:
105:
91:
74:
69:
60:
50:
34:
18:
639:
437:Reprinted by Abercrombie & Fitch Co., New York
742:Kirwin, W.J.; O'Flaherty, P.A., eds. (May 2009),
681:Memorial University via Collections Canada Theses
230:of Miawpukek/Conne River. In a 1907 publication
570:. AFOA National Conference. February 25–27, 2014
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
368:
366:
364:
1061:
1059:
933:"The Newfoundland Interior "The Beothuk Phase""
772:Butler, Charles William James (February 2014),
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
340:on the south-western coast of Newfoundland and
1131:Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation
737:
735:
395:
393:
391:
389:
387:
120:(May 9, 1892 – May 18, 1970), 6 other children
1050:Mi'kmaw Culture - Mi'kmaw Writing - Ideograms
851:Bartels, Dennis A.; Janzen, Olaf Uwe (1990).
136:Saqmaw Chief, of the Mi’kmaq of Newfoundland
8:
667:
665:
1008:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
853:"Micmac Migration to Western Newfoundland"
643:On the country: The Micmac of Newfoundland
15:
798:The New Early Modern Newfoundland: Part 2
587:
585:
710:Jeddore, Roderick Joachim (March 2000),
957:. new-westminster.bc.ca. Archived from
360:
171:(December 18, 1865 – May 14, 1944) was
1001:
879:Jackson, Doug; Penney, Gerald (1993).
428:
418:
1232:Indigenous leaders in Atlantic Canada
7:
910:"Newfoundland Biography (1497–2004)"
404:Newfoundland and It's Untrodden Ways
250:Newfoundland and It's Untrodden Ways
232:Newfoundland and It's Untrodden Ways
1028:Provincial Archives of Newfoundland
721:(Master's), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
215:, the Mi'kmaq were governed by the
1159:, Conne River, Taqm (Newfoundland)
1103:, Conne River, Taqm (Newfoundland)
861:Canadian Journal of Native Studies
491:, Conne River, Taqm (Newfoundland)
344:in two days by birch bark canoes.
14:
1242:People from Newfoundland (island)
1217:20th-century First Nations people
1072:Memorial University, Newfoundland
308:According to Noel Jeddore's son,
672:Tulk, Jamie Esther (July 2008),
1227:Dominion of Newfoundland people
1181:. Miawpukek Mi'kamawey Mawi'omi
538:Jestes, Roberta (May 8, 2013),
128:Nicholas Jeddore and Ann Benoit
46:July 26, 1919 – 1924
1:
515:Miawpukek Mi'kamawey Mawi'omi
400:Millais, John Guille (1907).
109:Dinah Morris Geodol (Jeddore)
1168:March 10, 1996 to April 2001
1112:March 10, 1996 to April 2001
988:. St. John's, Nwefoundland.
980:Cormack, William E. (1873).
792:Martijn, Charles A. (2003),
500:March 10, 1996 to April 2001
118:Peter (Piet) Francis Jeddore
235:Jeddore was "high priest."
1258:
818:Anger, Dorothy C. (1988).
719:University of Saskatchewan
592:Tulk, Janice Esther (nd),
326:University of Pennsylvania
87:Indian Point, Bay d'Espoir
1179:"Nigola Jeddore – Nickly"
544:, Native Heritage Project
151:
65:
39:
30:
25:
1122:Speck, Frank G. (1922),
61:Saqamaw Geodol (Jeddore)
1237:Canadian Mi'kmaq people
1133:, no. 22, New York
748:by James Patrick Howley
342:Cape North, Cape Breton
1151:Jeddore, Phil (2001),
1095:Jeddore, Phil (2001),
638:Jackson, Doug (1993).
483:Jeddore, Phil (2001),
349:Miawpukek First Nation
279:Newfoundland Governor
191:on the south coast of
197:Eskasoni, Nova Scotia
177:"grand chief" of the
101:Eskasoni, Cape Breton
931:J.K. Hiller (1998).
163:also Newell Jeddore
896:Carleton University
485:"Table of contents"
254:John Guille Millais
158:Noel Joseph Jeddore
20:Noel Joseph Jeddore
955:"Cemeteries #3080"
912:. marianopolis.edu
511:"About Miawpukek"
373:Jeddore, Joseph,
347:According to the
303:Komqwej wi’kasikl
281:William MacGregor
155:
154:
85:December 18, 1865
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1030:, September 1908
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935:. heritage.nf.ca
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262:Joseph Sylvester
246:hunter-gatherers
98:
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70:Personal details
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44:
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1222:Canadian exiles
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961:on 17 June 2010
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456:Jeddore, Peter
455:
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372:
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258:William Cormack
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51:
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40:
21:
12:
11:
5:
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1153:"Bibliography"
1143:
1114:
1087:
1055:
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972:
946:
923:
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886:
881:On the Country
871:
843:
828:
810:
784:
764:
731:
693:
683:, Newfoundland
661:
654:
613:
598:It sounds good
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99:(aged 78)
93:
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76:
72:
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67:
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63:
62:
58:
57:
54:
48:
47:
37:
36:
35:Mi’kmaq leader
32:
31:
28:
27:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1254:
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1158:
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1125:
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1091:
1088:
1078:on 2016-06-01
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995:0-665-22559-8
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829:0-920502-95-4
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795:
788:
785:
781:, p. 277
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310:Peter Jeddore
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221:Santé Mawiómi
218:
217:Grand Council
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144:Mother tongue
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90:
77:
73:
68:
64:
59:
55:
49:
43:
38:
33:
29:
24:
17:
1183:. Retrieved
1173:
1161:, retrieved
1156:
1146:
1135:, retrieved
1130:
1117:
1105:, retrieved
1100:
1090:
1080:, retrieved
1076:the original
1071:
1049:
1043:
1032:, retrieved
1027:
1018:
985:
982:
975:
963:. Retrieved
959:the original
949:
937:. Retrieved
926:
914:. Retrieved
904:
895:
889:
880:
874:
865:
859:
846:
819:
813:
802:, retrieved
797:
787:
774:
767:
756:, retrieved
747:
744:
723:, retrieved
718:
685:, retrieved
680:
644:
641:
605:, retrieved
597:
594:
572:. Retrieved
563:
557:
546:, retrieved
540:
519:, retrieved
514:
505:
493:, retrieved
488:
478:
467:, retrieved
463:Noel Jeddore
462:
457:
409:. Retrieved
405:
402:
375:
346:
334:Cabot Strait
314:
307:
302:
299:
290:tuberculosis
285:Bay d'Espoir
278:
274:Bay d'Espoir
268:hunter from
249:
242:
231:
225:
220:
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193:Newfoundland
189:Bay d'Espoir
182:
172:
168:
164:
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156:
137:
97:(1944-05-14)
95:May 14, 1944
41:
1212:1944 deaths
1207:1865 births
1066:H, Martin,
868:(1): 71–94.
429:|work=
330:Frank Speck
322:Cape Breton
296:Controversy
209:Kji-Saqamaw
52:Preceded by
1201:Categories
1082:2016-08-06
965:7 November
939:7 November
916:7 November
655:0921191804
355:References
328:professor
264:, a young
213:Indian Act
81:1865-12-18
1163:August 5,
1137:August 6,
1107:August 5,
1004:cite book
804:August 5,
758:August 6,
725:August 5,
687:August 5,
607:August 6,
574:August 5,
521:August 5,
495:August 5,
431:ignored (
421:cite book
411:August 6,
270:Miawpukek
239:Miawpukek
184:Miawpukek
147:Lnu’isimk
133:Known for
125:Parent(s)
42:In office
1185:July 26,
1034:July 15,
838:18644714
548:July 15,
469:July 15,
460:(1923),
338:Cape Ray
336:between
283:visited
114:Children
596:Welta'q
541:Jeddore
266:Mi'kmaq
228:Mi'kmaq
203:Saqamaw
179:Mi'kmaq
174:Saqamaw
161:We’jitu
26:We’jitu
992:
836:
826:
652:
517:, 2016
169:Geodol
165:Gietol
106:Spouse
1127:(PDF)
856:(PDF)
779:(PDF)
752:(PDF)
715:(PDF)
677:(PDF)
602:(PDF)
568:(PDF)
1187:2018
1165:2016
1139:2016
1109:2016
1036:2016
1010:link
990:ISBN
967:2007
941:2007
918:2007
834:OCLC
824:ISBN
806:2016
760:2016
727:2016
689:2008
650:ISBN
609:2016
576:2016
550:2016
523:2016
497:2016
471:2016
458:Piel
433:help
413:2016
318:RCMP
138:Taqm
92:Died
75:Born
381:USA
252:by
187:in
181:at
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