330:, distinguished by his or her surname, and in this sense, the term "gentile name" is used today without any religious connotation, despite or perhaps because of the use of "Christian name" to refer to personal names. In that sense, Romanized Jews could also be gentiles, and gentiles could be Jewish. That is also the origin of the term
343:
Except, of course, for the actual descendants of those ancient noble houses, but as the population of the Roman Empire grew and attained social and political influence, the "old Romans" accounted for a continually-decreasing proportion of the overall
325:
has the same origin as the term used to distinguish non-Jews from the Jewish population, its meaning is purely civil and has nothing to do with ethnic or religious identity. It refers simply to a member of a
401:
as an indicator of the bearer's rank is underscored by the fact that
Basilius lived more than 60 years after the Arab conquest of Egypt. Other late examples within the Byzantine Empire date to the late 8th
252:. Those names no longer had any utility in indicating one's patrilineal ancestry and became largely perfunctory. They could be changed to indicate rank or status, and even abbreviated, much as
180:
functioned as a state within the state, observing its own sacred rites and establishing private laws, which were binding on its members although not on the community as a whole.
210:
was an essential element of Roman nomenclature throughout Roman history, but its usefulness as a distinguishing element declined precipitously following the
108:
490:
70:
descent. However, as Rome expanded its frontiers and non-Roman peoples were progressively granted citizenship and concomitant
267:
continued to be used for several decades after the collapse of
Imperial authority in the west. The last datable example of a
140:
133:
168:, which may be translated as "race", "family", or "clan", constituted an extended Roman family, all of whom shared the same
485:
191:), the distinction between Romans and the non-Roman peoples of Italy disappeared as various communities were granted the
440:
423:
196:
463:
292:
212:
220:"Aurelius" to vast numbers of newly-enfranchised citizens. Countless other "new Romans" acquired the
302:
391:
283:
continued until the early 8th century; Flavius
Basilius was Pagarch of Aphrodito in Egypt in 710.
192:
461:, "What's in a Name? A Survey of Roman Onomastic Practice from c. 700 B.C. to A.D. 700", in
173:
67:
51:
479:
125:
117:
was often the only name used until the late
Republic. For example, three members of
458:
55:
224:
of important families in this manner during imperial times. In the 4th century,
47:
118:
17:
272:
259:
Both in its original form, identifying an individual as a member of a Roman
94:
102:
394:; in Coptic Jkow, in Arabic Kom Ishkaw. The importance attached to the
297:
172:
and claimed descent from a common ancestor. Particularly in the early
387:
76:, the latter lost its value in indicating patrilineal ancestry.
160:
158:, or "gentile name" designated a Roman citizen as a member of a
61:
334:; the association of gentlemen with courtesy developed later.
263:, and in its later form, as an indicator of status, the
199:, that was extended to most of Italy. Possession of the
183:Although the other peoples of Italy also possessed
232:, and other names became quite common, including
46:) was a hereditary name borne by the peoples of
146:("Julia the elder" and "Julia the younger").
8:
435:
433:
112:
100:
92:
86:
80:
71:
59:
40:
32:
271:belongs to a Julia Rogatiana, who died at
203:then identified a man as a Roman citizen.
454:
452:
450:
415:
314:
58:. It was originally the name of one's
7:
444:, 2nd Ed. (1970), "Names, Personal."
25:
50:and later by the citizens of the
216:, which effectively granted the
467:, vol. 84, pp. 124–145 (1994).
353:Common abbreviations included
321:Although this use of the term
1:
441:Oxford Classical Dictionary
424:Oxford Classical Dictionary
228:was surpassed in number by
91:("three names"), after the
507:
427:, 2nd Ed. (1970), "Gens."
491:Roman naming conventions
464:Journal of Roman Studies
293:Roman naming conventions
275:in AD 655. In the east,
213:Constitutio Antoniniana
113:
101:
93:
87:
85:was the middle of the
81:
72:
60:
41:
33:
197:Social War (91–87 BC)
27:Roman hereditary name
486:Ancient Roman nomina
303:List of Roman nomina
66:(family or clan) by
269:nomen gentilicium
201:nomen gentilicium
156:nomen gentilicium
34:nomen gentilicium
16:(Redirected from
498:
468:
456:
445:
437:
428:
420:
403:
386:Aphrodito was a
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378:
351:
345:
341:
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132:and his sisters
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98:
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84:
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44:
36:
21:
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390:in the nome of
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316:
311:
289:
195:and, after the
193:Roman franchise
152:
99:and before the
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23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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502:
494:
493:
488:
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470:
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414:
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392:Aphroditopolis
379:
363:Aurelius, Val.
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336:
313:
312:
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306:
305:
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288:
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174:Roman Republic
151:
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52:Roman Republic
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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359:Flavius, Aur.
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97:
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83:
79:For men, the
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53:
49:
45:
43:
37:
35:
19:
18:Nomen gentile
473:
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459:Benet Salway
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141:
134:
127:
120:
78:
56:Roman Empire
39:
31:
29:
187:(plural of
88:tria nomina
68:patrilineal
48:Roman Italy
38:(or simply
480:Categories
410:References
256:had been.
254:praenomina
344:populace.
332:gentleman
273:Volubilis
109:For women
95:praenomen
402:century.
375:Claudius
367:Valerius
287:See also
279:such as
238:Claudius
234:Valerius
226:Aurelius
103:cognomen
54:and the
399:Flavius
323:gentile
298:Agnomen
281:Flavius
230:Flavius
150:History
369:, and
277:nomina
250:Junius
246:Julius
242:Fabius
222:nomina
185:nomina
176:, the
130:Caesar
128:Julius
126:Gaius
111:, the
396:nomen
388:pagus
309:Notes
265:nomen
218:nomen
208:nomen
189:nomen
170:nomen
164:. A
144:Minor
142:Julia
137:Major
135:Julia
124:were
121:Julia
119:gens
114:nomen
82:nomen
73:nomen
42:nomen
373:for
365:for
361:for
357:for
328:gens
261:gens
248:and
206:The
178:gens
166:gens
161:gens
154:The
139:and
62:gens
30:The
371:Cl.
355:Fl.
482::
449:^
432:^
244:,
240:,
236:,
107:.
377:.
20:)
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