455:
1601:. There are approximately 250 different varieties of Bantu. Within these languages, nouns have historically been classified into certain groups based on shared characteristics. For example, noun class 1 and 2 represent humans and other animate objects, while noun class 11 represents long thing objects, and abstract nouns.
1846:
variety of Bantu (spoken mainly in South Africa) there are approximately 15 nominal gender class prefixes. In this language, nouns and adjectives share the same gender class prefix. Adjectives take a 'pre'-prefix in addition to the main prefix. The main prefix (the one closest to the adjective, which
1883:
demonstrate class agreement with the noun, adjective and verb. The different classes of the nouns in
Swahili dictate which prefix will also agree with the adjective and verb. It is not always the case in Bantu languages that the verb has noun agreement in the form of nominals, or in any form, but in
1401:
Russian has two numbers: singular and plural. Number is inherent to the noun so it is reflected by inflection on the noun and the agreeing nominals such as attributive adjectives, predicates and relative pronouns. There is only alteration of singular and plural between semantic classes 2–5 because
1648:
A common feature of Bantu languages is nominal gender class agreement. This agreement can also be described as an extensive system of concord. For every noun class, there is a corresponding gender class prefix. The nominal gender prefixes are shown below, with the "Proto-Bantu" (i.e. historical)
1187:
Russian has three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. Gender and class are closely related in that the noun class will reflect the gender marking a nominal will get. Reflecting gender in
Russian is usually restricted to the singular with a few exceptions in the plural. Gender is
597:
case because they are the subject of the sentence and at the same time they agree in gender because the ending is masculine. Likewise, 'the dog' and 'wild' share the same morphemes that show they agree in accusative case and masculine gender. In Latin agreement goes beyond
1188:
reflected on both the noun and the adjective or pronoun. Gendered nominals are clearly reflected in anaphors and relative pronouns because even if there is no explicit inflection upon the nouns they inherit animacy, gender and number from their
997:
Although there is not complete agreement about the categorization of noun classes in
Russian, a common view breaks the noun classes up into five categories or classes, each of which gets different affixes depending on gender, case and number.
981:. Nominals are seen as secondary inflection of agreement. Understanding the different noun classes and how they relate to gender and number is important because the agreement of adjectives will change depending on the type of noun.
1623:
class system has faded out over time. Languages that have approximately six classes paired for singular and plural and about six other classes that are not paired (e.g. infinitive and locative classes) are classified as
1507:
An example paradigm is given below, adapted from . One can see that each of the nominal morphemes in each class attaches to both the nouns and the adjectives.
944:
2229:
Burton-Roberts, Noel; Poole, Geoffrey (2006). "'Virtual
Conceptual Necessity', Feature-Dissociation and the Saussurian Legacy in Generative Grammar".
1884:
Swahili it is a good representation of how these prefixes travel across the associated words. In the first
Swahili example, the noun has the prefix
2404:
Horie, Kaoru (2012). "The interactional origin of nominal predicate structure in
Japanese: A comparative and historical pragmatic perspective".
2480:
2461:
2442:
2394:
2373:
2312:
482:
1847:
is in bold in the example below) agrees with the prefix attached to the noun, whereas the 'pre'-prefix does not always agree with the noun.
940:
take the same kinds of complements at the head level. This parallel distribution is predicted by the feature distribution of lexical items.
372:
1484:
2015:
521:
properties. The systems used in such languages to show agreement can be classified broadly as gender systems, noun class systems or
1649:
prefixes on the left-hand side, and modern day
Sesotho prefixes on the right-hand side. Note that modern day Sesotho has lost many
513:
based on shared properties. The motivation for nominal grouping is that in many languages nouns and adjectives share a number of
909:
2035:
1503:
has four major noun class prefixes which attach to items within the nominal phrase: masculine, feminine, vegetable, and neuter.
1459:
332:
110:
2570:
392:
337:
367:
58:
312:
178:
2565:
432:
138:
977:
and numerals. These categories share features of case, gender, and number each of which are inflected with different
1619:, which utilizes 21 of the 24 noun classes. This ranges all the way to zero, which is the case in Komo D23, whose
475:
422:
322:
148:
2575:
514:
327:
270:
85:
2200:
Acuña-Fariña, J. Carlos (2009). "'NP' doesn't say it all: The true diversity of nominal constituency types".
541:
and adjectives. Languages with overt nominal agreement vary in how and to what extent agreement is required.
2045:
427:
265:
242:
377:
344:
297:
213:
193:
173:
75:
53:
48:
2025:
1594:
153:
943:
711:, and this study has to this day undergone only very minor modifications. These alterations began with
533:
within a sentence to create agreement. Such morphological agreement usually occurs in parts within the
1189:
468:
397:
307:
188:
133:
30:
1410:
Adjectives agree with gender, case and number markings and consequently agree with the noun class.
238:
168:
143:
115:
454:
2544:
2350:
2291:
2254:
2246:
458:
437:
407:
362:
317:
285:
275:
163:
158:
2536:
2507:
2476:
2457:
2438:
2421:
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2342:
2308:
2283:
2217:
1175:
302:
280:
223:
2528:
2499:
2413:
2384:
2334:
2322:
2275:
2266:
Carter, Hazel (2009). "Negative structures in the syntactic tone-phrasing system of Kongo".
2238:
2209:
2040:
1880:
1470:
1010:
962:
522:
402:
233:
228:
203:
198:
183:
1590:
708:
801:
heads. This explains why languages that take overt agreement features have agreement in
2519:
Van Eynde, Frank (2006). "NP-internal agreement and the structure of the noun phrase".
1616:
724:
530:
247:
20:
1912:
is part of class 7. Class 7 has the same prefix form for nouns, adjectives and verbs.
2559:
2503:
2354:
2295:
2258:
1632:
classes. These systems are far more typical of Bantu languages than the alternative,
1500:
712:
2548:
1896:. The verb agreement is different simply because the verb agreement for class 1 is
1608:
936:
290:
80:
2417:
2363:
2030:
2020:
1605:
1477:
720:
534:
496:
442:
417:
38:
2532:
2338:
2279:
2242:
1151:
1145:
1006:
974:
593:
and agree in case and gender. In the example below, 'son' and 'good' agree in
538:
510:
412:
95:
2540:
2511:
2425:
2365:
Where have All the
Adjectives Gone?: And Other Essays in Semantics and Syntax
2346:
2287:
2221:
1604:
Bantu languages use different combinations of the approximately 24 different
785:
Although much of the research on nominals focuses on their morphological and
553:
dates back to
European studies on Latin and Bantu in which agreement between
786:
387:
382:
218:
208:
100:
90:
2213:
1462:, many of which do not categorically differentiate nouns from adjectives.
2325:; Weschler, Sara (2012). "The acquisition of Sesotho nominal agreement".
1169:
1157:
1126:
978:
970:
2250:
1843:
1024:
refers to items with which the eye can focus on and must be non-active
1125:
Adjectives and non-personal pronouns take the same agreement as their
1598:
1163:
518:
105:
908:
2437:(Thesis). San Jose State University: UMI Dissertations Publishing.
898:
The following tree demonstrates that the category groups together
966:
947:
The complements taken by the phrases seen in parallel distribution
942:
930:
907:
578:
526:
506:
1653:
classes. This is typical of many other Bantu languages, as well.
658:
643:
1465:
Some features of nominals in some
Australian languages include:
841:. Following from this, when a word has both characteristics of
585:
can be seen in the shared morphemes that attach to the ends of
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
757:
746:
577:
grouping is reflected in traditional grammar studies based on
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
1071:
Declensional class refers to the form rather than semantics.
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
1888:
because it is part of class 1 for human beings. The prefix
1402:
class 1 does not distinguish between one or more than one.
573:
Within the study of European languages, recognition of the
817:
In Chomsky's 1970 analysis, words with the feature "plus
1992:
1981:
1970:
1945:
1934:
1923:
1636:, such as Komo D23 and other languages that have limited
928:
take the same complements at the head level. Likewise,
2307:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 114.
2268:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
525:, classifier systems, and mixed systems. Typically an
1611:. The language with the highest number of documented
916:
This suggests English illustrates characteristics of
853:
When a word lacks either feature, one logically gets
793:
can be considered a "super category" which subsumes
2117:
988:'The girl is very beautiful' Девушка очень красив-а
723:. The following example is from the Bantu language
1118:Nouns and adjectives inflect for case and gender.
529:related to the noun appears attached to the other
2490:Seifart, Frank (2010). "Nominal Classification".
2138:
581:, which has a highly productive marking system.
2452:Nurse, Derek; Philippson, Gérard, eds. (2003).
2105:
1160:: expresses possession; negative; and partitive
860:A cross table of features at the lexical level
2386:Nominal Classification in Aboriginal Australia
2183:
1593:. These languages constitute a sub-set of the
1135:agree with the natural gender of the referent
476:
8:
1046:refers to human beings that are not female.
505:refers to a category used to group together
2383:Harvey, Mark; Reid, Nicholas, eds. (1997).
2162:
1842:As can be seen in the table above, in the
483:
469:
25:
2473:Russian Nominal Semantics and Morphology
2150:
1655:
1509:
1415:
1292:
1197:
1073:
1060:examples: женщина "woman", мать 'mother'
1057:refers to human beings that are female.
858:
2057:
37:
2064:
1413:Short form basic inflectional pattern
1038:examples: рыба 'fish', чайка 'seagull'
1035:refers to non-humans that are active.
2303:Cubberly, Paul (2002). "Morphology".
1589:Nominal structures are also found in
1027:examples: дом 'house', школа 'school'
1016:examples: вода 'water', любовь 'love'
829:, while words with the feature "plus
7:
1904:. The second example has the prefix
732:
373:Conservative and innovative language
2435:Universality in noun classification
2305:Russian: A Linguistic Introduction
2016:Nominal group (functional grammar)
1495:Morphological evidence: Australian
1049:examples: отец 'father, 'один' man
14:
2002:CL7.basket CL7.little CL7.arrived
1121:In Russian, nominals occur when:
707:classes was conducted in 1659 on
2504:10.1111/j.1749-818X.2010.00194.x
2492:Language and Linguistics Compass
1955:CL1.child CL1.little CL1.arrived
1290:Affixes linked with two genders
965:, the nominal category contains
453:
2471:Nørgård-Sørensen, Jens (2011).
2118:Burton-Roberts & Poole 2006
2036:Aboriginal Australian languages
1892:then agrees with the adjective
1460:Indigenous Australian languages
1195:Affixes identifying one gender
1166:: expresses the indirect object
1172:: expresses locational meaning
984:Example of nominal predicate:
561:according to the class of the
1:
1644:Morphological evidence: Bantu
1154:: expresses the direct object
920:at a syntactic level because
2433:Kapust, Waltraud H. (1998).
2418:10.1016/j.pragma.2011.09.020
1879:The following examples from
1626:canonical noun class systems
821:" that are not verbs "minus
313:Functional discourse grammar
179:Ethnography of communication
2106:Nurse & Philippson 2003
912:The super category nominals
549:The history of research on
433:Second-language acquisition
2592:
2184:Demuth & Weschler 2012
1634:reduced noun class systems
789:properties, syntactically
699:Bantuist grammar tradition
569:Latinate grammar tradition
111:Syntax–semantics interface
18:
2533:10.1017/S0022226705003713
2339:10.1007/s11525-011-9192-7
2280:10.1017/S0041977X00094829
2243:10.1017/s0022226706004208
2005:The little basket arrived
1999:Ki-kapu ki-dogo ki-mefika
1628:, systems that have many
1480:(head a noun phrase), and
952:Cross-linguistic evidence
423:Philosophy of linguistics
323:Interactional linguistics
2362:Dixon, R. M. W. (1982).
1958:The little child arrived
1483:the ability to function
1476:the ability to function
1458:are a common feature of
812:
19:For Nominalization, see
1148:: expresses the subject
1067:Declensional noun class
993:Semantic noun class 1–5
825:", are predicted to be
2521:Journal of Linguistics
2231:Journal of Linguistics
2214:10.1075/fol.16.2.04acu
2163:Harvey & Reid 1997
1952:M-toto m-dogo a-mefika
1114:Morphological evidence
1013:, and abstract nouns.
948:
913:
781:Theory of word-classes
703:The earliest study of
260:Theoretical frameworks
214:Philosophy of language
194:History of linguistics
2571:Linguistic morphology
2456:. London: Routledge.
2406:Journal of Pragmatics
2368:. Walter de Gruyter.
2202:Functions of Language
2139:Nørgård-Sørensen 2011
2026:Nominalized adjective
1595:Niger-Congo languages
1080:Declinational class 2
1077:Declinational class 1
946:
911:
565:can be seen overtly.
154:Conversation analysis
1469:the ability to take
1451:Australian languages
680:{ loves} { dog.ACC}
398:Internet linguistics
308:Construction grammar
2454:The Bantu languages
1178:: expresses means
861:
333:Systemic functional
128:Applied linguistics
70:General linguistics
16:Linguistic category
2566:Syntactic entities
2389:. John Benjamins.
949:
914:
859:
813:Chomsky's analysis
731:classes in Bantu,
438:Theory of language
408:Origin of language
363:Autonomy of syntax
318:Grammaticalization
164:Discourse analysis
159:Corpus linguistics
2482:978-0-89357-384-3
2463:978-0-7007-1134-5
2444:978-0-591-84965-3
2396:978-90-272-8193-7
2375:978-3-11-082293-9
2323:Demuth, Katherine
2314:978-0-521-79191-5
1908:because the noun
1838:
1837:
1582:
1581:
1446:
1445:
1394:
1393:
1288:
1287:
1109:
1108:
1091:Noun ending in -a
1088:Noun ending in -C
896:
895:
493:
492:
281:Distributionalism
224:Psycholinguistics
2583:
2552:
2515:
2486:
2467:
2448:
2429:
2400:
2379:
2358:
2318:
2299:
2262:
2225:
2187:
2181:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2068:
2062:
2041:Grammatical case
1994:
1983:
1972:
1947:
1936:
1925:
1656:
1550:'big old-woman'
1510:
1487:(modify another
1471:grammatical case
1416:
1293:
1198:
1183:Gender and class
1083:Indeclinational
1074:
1011:collective nouns
957:Slavic languages
862:
759:
748:
660:
645:
485:
478:
471:
457:
403:LGBT linguistics
393:Internationalism
368:Compositionality
229:Sociolinguistics
204:Neurolinguistics
199:Interlinguistics
184:Ethnomethodology
26:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2576:Parts of speech
2556:
2555:
2518:
2489:
2483:
2475:. Slavica Pub.
2470:
2464:
2451:
2445:
2432:
2403:
2397:
2382:
2376:
2361:
2321:
2315:
2302:
2265:
2228:
2199:
2196:
2191:
2190:
2182:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2124:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2012:
2007:
1997:
1986:
1975:
1964:
1960:
1950:
1939:
1928:
1917:
1877:
1866:
1857:
1852:
1646:
1591:Bantu languages
1587:
1585:Bantu languages
1497:
1453:
1399:
1116:
1069:
995:
959:
954:
815:
783:
778:
771:mú-límí mú-néné
769:
762:
751:
740:
709:Bantu languages
701:
696:
663:
647:
636:
628:
616:
571:
547:
531:parts of speech
489:
448:
447:
358:
350:
349:
261:
253:
252:
248:Writing systems
139:Anthropological
129:
121:
120:
71:
63:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2589:
2587:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2558:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2527:(1): 139–186.
2516:
2498:(8): 719–736.
2487:
2481:
2468:
2462:
2449:
2443:
2430:
2412:(5): 663–679.
2401:
2395:
2380:
2374:
2359:
2319:
2313:
2300:
2263:
2237:(3): 575–628.
2226:
2208:(2): 265–281.
2195:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2167:
2155:
2143:
2122:
2110:
2069:
2056:
2055:
2053:
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2049:
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2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2008:
1987:
1976:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1940:
1929:
1918:
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1914:
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1161:
1155:
1149:
1137:
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1129:
1115:
1112:
1107:
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1103:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1041:
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1039:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1017:
994:
991:
990:
989:
958:
955:
953:
950:
894:
893:
890:
887:
883:
882:
879:
876:
872:
871:
868:
865:
814:
811:
782:
779:
774:1-farmer 1-fat
763:
752:
741:
738:
737:
700:
697:
690:son loves the
648:
637:
629:
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609:
608:
570:
567:
546:
543:
491:
490:
488:
487:
480:
473:
465:
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461:
450:
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435:
430:
428:Prescriptivism
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56:
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42:
41:
35:
34:
21:Nominalization
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2151:Cubberly 2002
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1990:
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1968:
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941:
939:
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933:
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927:
923:
919:
910:
906:
905:
901:
892:Prepositions
891:
888:
885:
884:
880:
877:
874:
873:
869:
866:
864:
863:
857:
856:
855:prepositions.
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
780:
777:
775:
772:
768:
765:
761:
755:
750:
744:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
719:which led to
718:
717:Ancient Bantu
714:
713:Wilhelm Bleek
710:
706:
698:
695:
693:
689:
684:
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
662:
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560:
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544:
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536:
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516:
515:morphological
512:
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384:
381:
379:
378:Descriptivism
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
360:
354:
353:
346:
345:Structuralism
343:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
328:Prague circle
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
299:
296:
292:
289:
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264:
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177:
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174:Documentation
172:
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149:Computational
147:
145:
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117:
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109:
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73:
67:
66:
60:
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55:
52:
50:
47:
46:
44:
43:
40:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
2524:
2520:
2495:
2491:
2472:
2453:
2434:
2409:
2405:
2385:
2364:
2333:(1): 67–88.
2330:
2326:
2304:
2274:(1): 29–40.
2271:
2267:
2234:
2230:
2205:
2201:
2194:Bibliography
2158:
2146:
2113:
2060:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1991:
1988:
1980:
1977:
1969:
1966:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1944:
1941:
1933:
1930:
1922:
1919:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1900:rather than
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1875:'big school'
1874:
1869:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1854:
1841:
1839:
1650:
1647:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1612:
1609:noun classes
1603:
1588:
1544:ngal-kohbanj
1506:
1488:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1289:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1176:Instrumental
1139:
1138:
1132:
1120:
1117:
1110:
1070:
1055:Noun Class 5
1054:
1044:Noun Class 4
1043:
1033:Noun class 3
1032:
1022:Noun class 2
1021:
1003:Noun class 1
1002:
996:
983:
960:
937:prepositions
935:
929:
925:
921:
917:
915:
903:
899:
897:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
816:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
784:
776:
773:
770:
766:
764:
756:
753:
745:
742:
728:
716:
704:
702:
691:
687:
685:
681:
677:
675:
670:
666:
664:
656:
655:
650:
649:
641:
638:
633:
630:
624:
623:
619:
618:
613:
610:
603:
599:
594:
590:
586:
582:
574:
572:
562:
558:
554:
550:
548:
523:case marking
501:
500:
494:
291:Glossematics
271:Constituency
243:interpreting
81:Lexicography
2065:Kapust 1998
2031:Substantive
2021:Noun phrase
1868:se-kolo se-
1665:Proto-Bantu
1659:Proto-Bantu
1615:classes is
1606:Proto-Bantu
1578:'big rock'
1564:'big seed'
1390:Masc, Neut
1379:Masc, Neut
1368:Masc, Neut
1357:Masc, Neut
1296:Number/Case
1201:Number/Case
904:adjectives.
878:Adjectives
851:adjectives.
833:and "minus
721:Proto-Bantu
669:amat canem
539:determiners
535:noun phrase
499:, the term
497:linguistics
443:Terminology
418:Orthography
338:Usage-based
239:Translating
134:Acquisition
39:Linguistics
2560:Categories
2327:Morphology
2052:References
1547:ngal-kimuk
1536:'big boy'
1406:Adjectives
1384:PL NOM/ACC
1346:Masc, Fem
1335:Masc, Fem
1324:Masc, Fem
1313:Masc, Fem
1307:SG/NOM ACC
1223:SG/NOM ACC
1212:SG/NOM ACC
1190:antecedent
1152:Accusative
1146:Nominative
1007:mass nouns
1005:refers to
975:adjectives
926:adjectives
803:adjectives
797:heads and
604:adjectives
595:nominative
591:adjectives
559:adjectives
537:, such as
511:adjectives
413:Orismology
298:Functional
286:Generative
276:Dependency
96:Pragmatics
86:Morphology
76:Diachronic
2541:0022-2267
2512:1749-818X
2426:0378-2166
2355:123563367
2347:1871-5621
2296:121426096
2288:0041-977X
2259:171016939
2222:0929-998X
2046:Agreement
1989:ki-mefika
1819:10: di-n-
1793:8: βi-/di
1640:classes.
1575:kun-kimuk
1572:kun-warde
1561:man-kimuk
1555:vegetable
1530:na-rangem
1527:masculine
1519:Adjective
1489:nominal).
1131:Personal
1099:Masculine
837:would be
799:adjective
733:see below
519:syntactic
388:Iconicity
383:Etymology
303:Cognitive
266:Formalist
219:Phonetics
209:Philology
101:Semantics
91:Phonology
2010:See also
1995:.arrived
1948:.arrived
1942:a-mefika
1713:2a: β̀o-
1668:Sesotho
1541:feminine
1533:na-kimuk
1522:English
1473:marking,
1456:Nominals
1170:Locative
1158:Genitive
1133:pronouns
1127:referent
979:suffixes
971:pronouns
918:nominals
791:nominals
787:semantic
682:wild.ACC
583:Nominals
551:nominals
189:Forensic
169:Distance
116:Typology
31:a series
29:Part of
2549:6070076
2251:4177009
1984:.little
1978:ki-dogo
1973:.basket
1967:Ki-kapu
1937:.little
1881:Swahili
1855:se-kolo
1844:Sesotho
1832:11: lo-
1773:19: pi-
1760:18: mo-
1746:17: ko-
1733:16: pa-
1719:15: ko-
1705:14: βo-
1692:13: to-
1679:12: ka-
1662:Sesotho
1558:man-mim
1373:SG INST
1302:Gender
1234:SG INST
1229:Neuter
1207:Gender
1105:Neuter
963:Russian
849:we get
754:mú-néné
749:-farmer
743:mú-límí
729:nominal
676:{ son}
671:ferocem
665:fīlius
651:ferocem
575:nominal
545:History
502:nominal
144:Applied
54:History
49:Outline
2547:
2539:
2510:
2479:
2460:
2441:
2424:
2393:
2372:
2353:
2345:
2311:
2294:
2286:
2257:
2249:
2220:
1931:m-dogo
1926:.child
1920:M-toto
1910:basket
1894:m-dogo
1825:23: ɣe
1822:di(N)-
1812:22: ɣa
1799:21: ɣi
1786:20: ɣo
1780:7: ke-
1767:6: ma-
1754:5: le-
1740:4: me-
1727:3: mo-
1699:2: βa-
1673:1: mo-
1599:Africa
1569:neuter
1501:Mayali
1397:Number
1362:SG DAT
1351:SG GEN
1340:SG INT
1329:SG ACC
1318:SG NOM
1278:PL NOM
1267:SG LOC
1256:SG LOC
1245:SG GEN
1164:Dative
1102:Female
1094:Other
889:Verbs
881:Nouns
767:
727:. For
611:fīlius
459:Portal
357:Topics
106:Syntax
2545:S2CID
2351:S2CID
2292:S2CID
2255:S2CID
2247:JSTOR
1872:-holo
1864:-holo
1806:9: n-
1686:1a: ø
1617:Ganda
1299:Affix
1284:Masc
1262:Masc
1251:Masc
1218:Masc
1204:Affix
1140:Cases
967:nouns
931:verbs
922:nouns
900:nouns
847:verbs
843:nouns
839:verbs
835:noun"
831:verb"
827:nouns
807:nouns
725:Ganda
667:bonus
657:wild.
639:canem
634:loves
620:bonus
600:nouns
587:nouns
579:Latin
555:nouns
527:affix
507:nouns
59:Index
2537:ISSN
2508:ISSN
2477:ISBN
2458:ISBN
2439:ISBN
2422:ISSN
2391:ISBN
2370:ISBN
2343:ISSN
2309:ISBN
2284:ISSN
2218:ISSN
1809:(N)-
1749:ho-
1722:ho-
1708:bo-
1651:noun
1638:noun
1630:noun
1621:noun
1613:noun
1516:Noun
1513:Type
1422:Neut
1419:Masc
1273:Fem
1240:Fem
934:and
924:and
902:and
845:and
823:verb
819:noun
805:and
795:noun
760:-fat
705:noun
694:dog.
692:wild
688:good
686:The
678:good
642:dog.
631:amat
625:good
602:and
589:and
563:noun
557:and
517:and
509:and
241:and
234:Text
2529:doi
2500:doi
2414:doi
2335:doi
2276:doi
2239:doi
2210:doi
1993:CL7
1982:CL7
1971:CL7
1963:(4)
1946:CL1
1935:CL1
1924:CL1
1916:(3)
1906:ki-
1860:se-
1851:(2)
1796:di-
1783:se-
1770:ma-
1757:le-
1743:me-
1730:mo-
1716:bo-
1702:ba-
1676:mo-
1597:in
1442:-i
1428:PL
1425:Fem
1376:-om
1343:-oj
1237:-ju
961:In
886:–N
875:+N
870:–V
867:+V
739:(1)
715:'s
659:ACC
644:ACC
614:son
495:In
2562::
2543:.
2535:.
2525:42
2523:.
2506:.
2494:.
2420:.
2410:44
2408:.
2349:.
2341:.
2331:22
2329:.
2290:.
2282:.
2272:37
2270:.
2253:.
2245:.
2235:42
2233:.
2216:.
2206:16
2204:.
2170:^
2125:^
2072:^
1902:m-
1898:a-
1890:m-
1886:m-
1870:se
1862:se
1439:-a
1436:-o
1387:-a
1365:-u
1354:-a
1332:-u
1321:-a
1281:'e
1248:-u
1226:-o
1192:.
1009:,
973:,
969:,
809:.
735:.
606:.
33:on
2551:.
2531::
2514:.
2502::
2496:4
2485:.
2466:.
2447:.
2428:.
2416::
2399:.
2378:.
2357:.
2337::
2317:.
2298:.
2278::
2261:.
2241::
2224:.
2212::
2186:.
2165:.
2153:.
2141:.
2120:.
2108:.
2067:.
1689:ø
1433:∅
1310:∅
1270:í
1259:ú
1215:∅
758:1
747:1
673:.
653:.
484:e
477:t
470:v
23:.
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